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 Life Science Journal 
Acta Zhengzhou University Overseas Edition 
(Life Sci J)
ISSN: 1097-8135
 
Volume 9 - Number 4 (Cumulated No. 31), December 25, 2012. life0904
 Cover (online), Cover (print), Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, Author Index, lsj0904
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CONTENTS

No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

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1

Environmental fluoride exposure and reproductive hormones in male living in endemic fluorosis villages in China

 

Tong Zhou1, Li-ju Duan1, Zhong Ding2, Ru-pu Yang2, Shi-hong Li2, Yu Xi3, Xue-min Cheng1, Jia-xiang Hou1, Shi-bao Wen1, Jiang Chen1, Liu-xin Cui1, Yue Ba1,*

 

1 Department of Environmental Health, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; 2 Department of Endemic, Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China; 3 Department of Endemic, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Tongxu county, Tongxu, Henan 475400, China. bayue1963@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of high fluoride exposure on reproductive hormones in male living in endemic fluorosis villages in China. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Tongxu county in Henan Province, China. Endemic fluorosis villages and control villages were selected by random sampling according to fluoride concentration in drinking water and the prevalence of endemic fluorosis. Local male residents aged from 18 to 50 years old who were born and grew up in the investigated villages were recruited as subjects by cluster sampling. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected. The serum level of GnRH was detected using ELISA. The serum level of LH, FSH, E2, and T were determined by chemiluminesence immunoassay (CLIA). Results The serum levels of FSH were 7.82 mlU/ml, 10.20 mIU/ml and 9.57 mIU/ml in male from defluoridation villages (DFPG), high fluoride villages (HFG) and control villages (CG) respectively. FSH level in male from DFPG was significant lower than that from HFG and CG (P<0.05). The serum levels of E2 were 33.67 ng/mL, 29.17 ng/mL and 28.99 ng/mL in DPFG, HFG and CG respectively. E2 level in male from DFPG was significant higher than that from HFG and CG (P<0.05). Serum levels of E2 in CG were associated with LH (r=0.343, P=0.000), age (r=0.195, P=0.015), and inversely associated with serum FSH (r=-0.237, P=0.003), whereas this correlation was not observed for serum E2 level in DFPG and HFG. Conclusion Long-term fluoride exposure in drinking water may influence the reproductive hormones in males living in endemic fluorosis villages.

[Zhou T, Ding Z, Xi Y, Yang RP, Duan LJ, Li SH, Cheng XM, Hou JX, Wen SB, Liu J, Chen J, Cui LX, Ba Y. Environmental fluoride exposure and reproductive hormones in male living in endemic fluorosis villages in China. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1-7] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.01

 

Key words: fluoride, reproductive hormone, hypothalamus-pituitary-testis, male

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Effluent Quality Index and the Regression Equations and Correlation Coefficients its with the Physico-Chemical Parameters in the West Karun Agro-Industry

 

Ashraf Jazayeri

 

Shahid chamran university of Ahwaz

Corresponding Author: jazayeriashraf@Ymail.com

 

Abstract: In this research, Amir kabir and mirza koochak khan’s agro-industry in west side of karoon river were considered and original drain of each unit was selected and at three station, beginning of the drain (first station), middle of the drain (second station) and end of the drain (third station), nine selected units parameters including (oxygen solution, temperature, Ph, BOD5 COD, phosphate nitrate, Ec, Tarbidity) were measured. For a year, above reviews were performed in each season at three station of original drain of both units agro-ingustry. Then by using customary methods, a qualitative index of Sewage was measured at three stations of each unit’s drain for every season. Finally annual qualitative index was measured for sewage of each unit. After statistic analysis of results, It is observed that: we had been faced to reduction of sewage’s qualitative index along with original drains of both units of agro- industry from first station towards second station and finally third station. It means that. in all seasons in both drains, the quality of ending drain of sewage was always lower than that in beginning of drain. Also during the different seasons of year, meaningful changes were observed in sewage quality of original drainages of both units. Sewage qualitative index was reduced in both units during autumn and winter. In research, it was observed that this fact can be because of not only the sometime cultivation season of sugar can’s cuttings and start of harvesting in different farms but because of operation including fertilizing and spraying, in another word with starting the season harvesting of cane’s production farms of sugar cane also are starting to act, so the sewage of mentioned units directly is shed to original drain. All of these factors cause a full of sewage’s qualitative index in meaningful limit during autumn and winter forwards spring and summer. In this research, correlation coefficients between sewage’s qualitative index and each one of chemical physical nine units parameters were measure and based on those coefficients, simple Regresion equations between sewage’s qualitative index and each factors were written, also multilateral Regresion relation between sewage’s qualitative index and all factors were presented.

[Ashraf Jazayeri. Effluent quality index and the regression equations and correlation coefficients its with the physico-chemical parameters in the West Karun Agro-Industry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):8-11] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.02

 

Key words: Effluent quality index, physico chemical parameters, Agro-Industry

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EVALUATION OF MINIMAL PROSTATE CANCER IN NEEDLE BIOPSY SPECIMENS USING AMACR (P504S), P63 AND KI67

 

Hayam E. Rashed*,Kateb M.I*, El., Ragab A.A.**, Soheir S. Shaker***

 

*Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

 **Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

***Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azher University, For Girls

Corresponding Author: soheirsaad@yahoo.com

 

ABSTRACT: Background: Prostate cancer is a major health problem throughout the developed world. Immunohistochemistry plays a very important role in the diagnosis of minimal prostatic adenocarcinoma and to exclude one of its benign mimickers, but it should always be interpreted in the context of the H&E appearances. In some cases of minimal prostate cancer morphologic features do not allow a diagnosis of carcinoma. In such situation, the presence of AMACR and the absence of basal cell marker (p63) confirm the presence of prostate cancer. In addition, Ki-67 a proliferating marker have a strong relationship with Gleason's grading, which has an important relationship with the prognosis of prostate cancer. The aim: Assessing the usefulness of immunohistochemical analysis with Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) and p63 to confirm the diagnosis of minimal prostate cancer. Also, detection of the prognostic role of ki67 in minimal prostate cancer detection and its association with p63 expression in prostate cancer. Methods: 50 needle biopsy specimens, including 30 with small foci of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 20 benign prostate (≤ 1mm or <5% of needle core tissue) were stained immunohistochemically with AMACR, P63 and Ki67 antibodies. Results: Of 30 cases of small foci of prostatic adenocarcinoma, 27 (90%) expressed AMACR; all malignant glands were negative for basal cell staining p63 (nuclear stain). All benign glands were recognized easily by basal cell marker (p63) positivity. There was focal positive staining with AMACR in 2 benign cases showing atrophy. A statistical significant correlation was observed between ki67 expression and increased Gleason's grade (p=0.02). Cytoplasmic expression of p63 was high in high grade prostate cancer, and it was associated with higher frequency of ki67 positive cells in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Immunostaining with the p504s and p63 could improve the diagnostic performance and helped in avoid carrying out new biopsies in small foci of prostatic carcinoma detection. An important relationship with the prognosis of prostate cancer was noticed through the strong relationship of Ki-67 marker with Gleason's grading. Therefore, we propose that this marker can be applied along with other prostate cancer prognostic factors.

[Hayam E. Rashed, Kateb M.I, El., Ragab A.A., Soheir S. Shaker. EVALUATION OF MINIMAL PROSTATE CANCER IN NEEDLE BIOPSY SPECIMENS USING AMACR (P504S), P63 AND KI67. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):12-21] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.03

 

Key words: Prostate cancer, AMACR(P504S),P63 gene, KI67 marker, needle biopsy

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Paradoxical TRAIL Activity in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Cell Line AP-1060

 

Yiwu Sun, Hongbao Ma

 

Department of Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA

yiwu_sun@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: TRAIL as a member of TNF ligands is involved in the anti-tumor mechanisms by its cytotoxic activity inducing apoptosis, and has been explored as a tumor target reagent in the therapy of different tumors. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), TRAIL was used to be token as a crucial molecule that was up-regulated by retinoic acid and induced the blast cell to differentiation and apoptosis. However, our findings indicated that AP1060 cell, an APL cell line, produced a high level of TRAIL, and its growth and proliferation depended on the auto-secreted TRAIL. Furthermore, the above phenomenon may be related to the TRAIL-mediated NF-kB activation. It suggests that there may be a new therapy approach to the subtype of APL.

[Sun Y, Ma H. Genes Reprogramming During ATRA-induced Differentiation of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):22-28]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.04

 

Keywords: TRAIL; acute promyelocytic leukemia; retinoic acid; induced differentiation

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The Relationship between Principal’s Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles in Primary Schools

 

Mojgan Mirza1 and Ma’rof Redzuan2

 

1 & 2: Department of Social and Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

1E-mail: Mirza_KLA@yahoo.com, 2 marof@putra.upm.edu.my

 

Abstract: There are various studies done on relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership, only a few of them were took part in educational organizations by focusing on view point of the Bass & Avolio’s leadership styles and Bar-On’s theory of emotional intelligence. This research made an attempt to prepare an empirical research-evidence for supporting the proposed link between school principal’s emotional intelligence and leadership styles. Collected data (n=268) were analyzed by using. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The result indicated statistically significant relationship between principal’s emotional intelligence and leadership styles. This significant relationship resulted that the higher level of the principal's emotional intelligence is linked to the transformational leadership style. In contrast, transactional and laissiez-fair leadership styles were not positive associated with emotional intelligence. Consequently, school programmer should be focused on the especial training methods to enhance principal's emotional intelligence level whereby they can develop the transformational leadership style qualities. These development qualities concerns about transforming the present condition and followers requirements.

[Mojgan Mirza and Ma’rof Redzuan. The Relationship between Principal’s Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles in Primary Schools. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):29-33] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.05

 

Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-faire, Principals, School

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Synthesis of Ursolic Acid Derivatives and Research on Their Cytotoxic Activities

 

Yanqiu Meng, Lingli Cai and Yu Zhang 

 

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Jing Ji Kai Fa Qu 11th street, Shenyang Liaoning 110142, China

mengyanqiu@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: In order to search for effective hepatic protectant and antineoplastic drugs, methods using ursolic acid as the lead compound, eighteen novel compounds were designed and synthesized by modified at the C-3 and the C-28 positions of ursolic acid (UA). The structures of the derivatives were confirmed by IR, MS, 1HNMR,13C NMR andelemental analysis. Effects of the derivatives on in vitro growth of 3 cell lines (HeLa, SKOV3 and BGC-823) were determined by MTT method. The results show that compound 9and11 has high antineoplastic activity. So the results of this thesis will benefit the further investigating on the modification and anti-tumor activity of pentacyclic triterpenes.

[Yanqiu Meng, Lingli Cai,and Yu Zhang. Synthesis of Ursolic Acid Derivativesand Research on Their Cytotoxic Activities Life Sci J 2012;9(4):34-41] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.06

 

Keywords: ursolic acid derivatives; hepatoprotective effect; anti-tumor activity

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Tourism and its history

 

Mohammad Ebrahim Alinejad, Zahra Razaghi

 

Payame Noor University (PNU), Sari, Iran

Alinejad2884@gmx.com

 

Abstract: Tourism has many definitions that most of them are surveyed in economical aspect. Tourism is described as a social activity that includes human behavior, using resources, interaction with other people, economic and environment. Tourism industry is one of important phenomenon in three last millennium, in half past century with increasing growth has more influences in economical dynamism and growth and cultural interactions between countries. As, most of scientists know this century as tourism century. In last year’s, tourism is known as a industry without smoke and more income in universal business and also important element in improving and adjusting commerce balance and payment balance in most of countries. This industry is considered as a unique industry and has more fans. considerable growth in tourism in fifty last year, shows abundant importance of economical and social aspect of this phenomenon.so in this research, in addition to defining tourism basics and different definitions, we say symbols of this industry to recognizing different types and knowing existent capacities in this industry, use this without smoke industry optimally. Method of this research is library studies.

[Mohammad Ebrahim Alinejad, Zahra Razaghi. Tourism and its history. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):42-46] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.07

 

Keywords: Tourism, Development, Approach

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HIV/AIDS, Women Farmers, and Livelihood Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Productivity in Prevalent And Non-Prevalent Areas of Benue State, Nigeria

 

Oladele, O.I

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus. South Africa. oladele20002001@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The study was carried out in Benue State of Nigeria by the use of questionnaires administered to 200 women farmers in HIV prevalent and non prevalent areas. Frequencies and percentages were used to explain descriptive data while t-test was used to analyse the inferential statistics. The awareness and knowledge of HIV among women farmers was average, and there was no behavioural change towards sex as almost all respondents shy away from the use of condoms. There is significant difference in farm size in the prevalent areas (t = 2.982 P < 0.05) as compared to non prevalent areas. The non-prevalent areas had a higher mean score than the prevalent areas. The results obtained from the study showed that there was a general decrease of agricultural productivity in HIV prevalent areas than non-prevalent areas. In conclusion, the two study areas, which represent the prevalent and non-prevalent areas, HIV was established to be high in both transmission and prevalence. Over 70% of the respondents are sexually active, the study indicates that the rate of promiscuity is high and among the respondents as unmarried residents has had at least 3 sexual partners. The knowledge and use of condoms is low. Only 7% and 6% of respondents in non-prevalent and prevalent areas have used condoms. The epidemic has severely affected and worsens the economic situation within the respondents, and has therefore placed demands on women who are both agricultural workers and caretakers.

[Oladele O.I. HIV/AIDS, Women Farmers, and Livelihood Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Productivity in Prevalent And Non-Prevalent Areas of Benue State, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):47-50] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.08

 

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, women, farmers, livelihood, productivity

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Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Management of Cold Water Fish Farming

(Case Study: Qazvin Province)

 

Seyed Mohammad Shahroudi PhD

 

Faculty of industrial Engineering and Management, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, Mosavi.shams@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Today, fish farming and breeding is considered as one of the most significant sources of protein supply in the world so that we can observe the remarkable improvements in this field. Artificial methods of fish breeding began in China and dates back to 3000 years ago. However, though the precedence of breeding fish in a pool is long, the artificial reproduction is a new experience. The first step in artificial fertilization was taken by a German scientist named Ludwick Jacobi. Despite the long experience of fish farming in the world, in Iran, it has been started in 1972 by reproducing Acipenseridae and in 1959 by reproducing rainbow trout. Industrial and economical growth as well as the need for supplying food for the growing population and the higher quality of fish protein compared to that of other kinds of meat has caused an increasing interest in the fish and fishing in the seas and water resources and has made it an important source of attracting foreign currency. Iran should also take the same actions considering the current policies. Therefore, reproduction of cold water fish should be taken into consideration as one of the most significant issues in this regard and all kinds of facilities should be provided for its optimal application[3]. There is a high potential in national waters of Iran in this regard few of which are currently being used. One reason for this is the lack of technical knowledge and required experience in fish farms management. Most farmers who engage in this occupation have suffered losses or have not used the available facilities properly due to the lack of sufficient technical and scientific knowledge. Regarding the above-mentioned issues, this study aims to signify the effective factors in the production of cold water fish farms and prioritize them based on decision making methods of AHP[4].

[Seyed Mohammad Shahroudi. Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Management of Cold Water Fish Farming (Case Study: Qazvin Province). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):51-62] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.09

 

Keywords: Prioritizing, Management, Fish Farming, AHP

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Object Oriented Metrics for Prototype based Languages

 

Syed Ahsan, Faisal Hayat, Muhammad Afzal, Tauqir Ahmad, Khadim H. Asif, H.M. Shahzad Asif, Yasir Saleem

 

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan)

Ahsancs.gmail.com

 

Abstract: Prototype (classless) based object oriented programming approach has several advantages for representing default knowledge and dynamically modifying concepts over traditional class based languages. Many modern languages like C#, JavaScript and others are in part or completely utilizing astounding features of prototypes. With this growing interest in adoption of prototypes a sheer need is emerging to redesign software metrics for prototype based languages. These paper highlights issues for prototype based software metrics for object oriented programming.

[Syed Ahsan, Faisal Hayat, Muhammad Afzal, Tauqir Ahmad, Khadim H. Asif, H.M. Shahzad Asif, Yasir Saleem. Object Oriented Metrics for Prototype based Languages. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):63-66] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.10

 

Keywords: Software life cycle, software complexity, design metrics, prototype object modeling

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Analysis of an Edge-Core Joint Node in OBS Networks

 

Farrukh Zeeshan Khan, Faisal Hayat, Muhammad Afzal, Syed Ahsan

 

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan)

fsl.hayat@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Optical burst switching (OBS) has been introduced as a short term implementable solution for future all-optical networks. Its performance evaluation received a considerable attention and does not seem to be weaken. In prevalent studies, an OBS network is strictly divided into edge and core domains, while practically for future all-optical mesh network deployments; this is not valid for most of nodes. In these networks, not only a few but probably majority of the nodes will have to combine both functionalities to provide flexible operation. Such nodes are termed herein joint edge-core OBS nodes. In this paper, an architecture of a joint edge-core OBS node is studied and a new scheduling algorithm have been proposed to multiplex the local assembled traffic along with the transit traffic. Thorough simulations have been done on benchmark networks to show the significance of edge scheduling in joint edge-core OBS nodes.

[Farrukh Zeeshan Khan. Analysis of an Edge-Core Joint Node in OBS Networks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):67-73] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.11

 

Keywords: Optical burst switching, Joint edge-core node

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Modelling Scheduling Systems with Exhaustive Priority Service

 

Muhammad Faisal Hayat, Tauqir Ahmad, Muhammad Afzaal, Khadim Asif, H. M. Shahzad Asif, Yasir Saleem

 

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan). fsl.hayat@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Scheduling systems are an integral part of edge nodes in modern communication systems. These nodes aggregate the incoming traffic flows and groomed traffic is sent to core network. The aggregation is done on the basis of scheduling criteria. In this work, we have analyzed a scheduling system where high priority traffic is exhaustively served. The modelling approach we have used is Markov chain modelling. It is assumed that buffers available are of finite nature. Important performance measures such as blocking and waiting probabilities and mean flow time have been analyzed to give an insight into the system behavior. To prove the accuracy of analytical modelling, all results have been simulated.

[Muhammad Faisal Hayat. Modelling Scheduling Systems with Exhaustive Priority Service. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):74-80] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.12

 

Keywords: Optical burst switching, Joint edge-core node

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The effects of some agricultural By-products on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility of Holstein dairy cow 

 

1Farzad. Abdollahzadeh, 2*Rahim Abdulkarimi

 

1,2Islamic Azad University, Boukan Branch, Boukan, Iran

E-mail: Rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with ensiled mixed tomato and apple pomace (EMTAP) on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility of diets. Six multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid lactation were used in 3×3 Latin square design and fed alfalfa hay plus concentrate mixture with three levels replacement with EMTAP (0, 15, 30%) during 63 days. Results showed that, differences between treatments were significant. Feeding EMTAP resulted in a significant higher acetic and propionic acids and total volatile fatty acids concentration and significant (P<0.01) lower rumen pH. The substitution of EMTAP in dairy cow diets is associated with a better DM, OM, CP and NDF digestibility. It was concluded that, EMTAP can efficiently replace up to 30% alfalfa hay. The nutritive value of tomato and apple pomace could be improved when they are used together (50:50) in dairy cows diet.

[Farzad. Abdollahzadeh, Rahim Abdulmalaki. The effects of some agricultural By-products on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility of Holstein dairy cow. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):81-85] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.13

 

Keywords: agricultural By-products; tomato pomace; apple pomace; dairy cow

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Influence of economic world crisis in tourism negative growth in Tajikistan with short look at tourism destinations

 

MOHAMMADMAHDI MOTAHEDIN

 

PhD student of management, marketing trends, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Motahedinm@gmx.com

 

Abstract: Tourism industry has been confronted with challenges like other activities and economical circles parallel with economic world crisis and different industries and jobs like tourism are goal and cause severe decline and downfall, this is right when according to WTO (tourism world organization) report, tourism is one of main economic activities after oil industries and constructing automobiles. And researchers declare in surveys that tourism industry include more than eleven percent of total world national gross production. Tourism world costs expenditures are 2000 million dollar and countries share has been declined after economic world crisis of these numbers. This problem causes to influences on Tajikistan that has different tourism destinations such as remedial hot water resources and tourist journeys for remedy and recovering, is one of main purposes of tourism of this country. As formal statistics of tourism organizations in Tajikistan country shows negative growth of tourism entrance statistics to this country.

[MOHAMMADMAHDI MOTAHEDIN. Influence of economic world crisis in tourism negative growth in Tajikistan with short look at tourism destinations. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):86-88] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.14

 

Keywords: Tourism industry, remedial tourism, tourism organizations, economic world crisis, Tajikistan.

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Review of the status of children’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran's legal and judicial sources

 

Esmail Ykhkshy Far

 

Tajikistan Academy of science, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Yakhkeshifar47@gmx.com

 

Abstract: Considering the fact that children are among the most vulnerable communities and since they can’t overcome adversity due to their young age and intellectual and physical immaturity, placing priority on their basic and natural rights is something obvious and is the natural and legal authorities’ responsibility. Since all human beings are subject to the rights and freedoms enshrined in the constitution without considering their race, color, gender, language, religion, and so on, children must have particular rights because they make the country’s future so that their welfare, liberty, happiness, and beliefs must be formally recognized and necessary facilities and equipments must be properly and healthily provided for their physical, mental, ethical and social growth in a healthy free environment. Children need adequate family and social security and special support including certain care before and after birth. Even children who are intellectually and physically disabled need special care and attention together with proper training appropriate to their disability status.

[Esmail Ykhkshy Far. Review of the status of children’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran's legal and judicial sources. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):89-95] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.15

 

Keywords: Child Children Rights - Legal Sources - Islamic Republic of Iran

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Predicting test effectiveness using performance models in Life Science IT projects

 

Venkatesh1, Priyesh Cherurveettil 2, Thenmozhi. S3, Balasubramanie. P 4

 

1. Associate Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Office: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: venkijv@gmail.com

2. Ph.D Part Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025 Regional Office: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: priyesh.cherurveettil@gmail.com

3. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Gnanamani College of Technology,

AK Sumuthiram, Pachal - 637018, Namakkal District. Tamilnadu, India. Email: thenmozhi.s1983@gmail.com

4. Professor,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kongu Engineering College,

Perundurai, Erode - 638 052. Tamilnadu, India. Email: pbalu_20032001@yahoo.co.in

 

Abstract Testing plays an important role in any project irrespective of the domain. The ability to test right before it reaches the intended customer matters. Test effectiveness is an important metric that tracks the ability of the testing team. The efficiency of a tester to cover all aspects of testing and ensuring 100% coverage determines the quality of the product. There could be number of factors that influence the test effectiveness. Organizations rely on the quality assurance team to strategize and plan the testing phase. Past experience in handling similar testing projects matter. Shifting left, the opportunity to be in pro-active mode helps to improve the efficiency. Predictive process performance models can be built for test effectiveness. This paper illustrates the process performance model to predict test effectiveness based on data from life science project in an organization.

[Venkatesh, Priyesh Cherurveettil, Thenmozhi. S, Balasubramanie. P. Predicting test effectiveness using performance models in Life Science IT projects. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):96-100] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.16

 

Keywords- process, performance, test effectiveness, defects, metrics

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Breviscapine Reduces the Acute Lung Injury Induced by Left Heart Ischemic Reperfusion in Rat through inhibition of the Expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1

 

JI Mingli1, SONG Xiaorong2, QIAN Zhibin2, Wang Yuxia1, YANG Yuting2, QIIN Yu2, WANG Jiangang1, GUO Yong1

 

1 Department of Pathophysiology of Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, China

2 Department of Functional Lab of Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, China

sxrong308@163.com

 

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of breviscapine on expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in rat with acute lung injury induced by left heart ischemic reperfusionand the mechanism of breviscapine protecting respiratory function. Methods 60 rats were divided into 2 equal groups randomly: group 1 is treatment group (TG), group 2 is control group(CG).All rats were made left heart ischemia-reperfusion model by ligaturing the anterior descending branch 30min and loosing. Rats in this group were intravenous injected breviscapine (10mg·kg-1) when the myocardial ischemia had been for 10 minutes. Whilethe rats of CG were treated with normal saline.The same amount of rats in 2 groups were killed at 3 point in time: 30min after ligaturing (T1), 30min after loosing(T2) and 60min after loosing (T3).All rats were recorded and observed respiration curve with BL-420 biological signal collect and analysis system, measured the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6)and inflammatory cell adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) with Immunohistochemistry, measured the expression of IL-6 in peripheral blood and bronchial alveolarlavage fluid with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, and measured the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue with colorimetry. Results In T1, T2 and T3,the level of the expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in CG were higher than those in TG, the activity of myeloperoxidase in lung tissue of CG was stronger than that of TG, the expressions of IL-6 of CG were higher than those of TG in peripheral blood and bronchial alveolarlavage fluid, and the amplitude and duration time of respiration curve of TG was higher than those of CG. The comparison were great. Conclusions Breviscapine can inhibit the expression of ICAM-1, which means that leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation and release reaction of can be reduced in the pulmonary circulation, the expression of IL-6 can be decreased, and inflammatory cascade response will be reduced to protect respiratory function.

[JI Mingli, SONG Xiaorong, QIAN Zhibin, Wang Yuxia, YANG Yuting, QIIN Yu, WANG Jiangang, GUO Yong. Breviscapine Reduces the Acute Lung Injury Induced by Left Heart Ischemic Reperfusion in Rat through inhibition of the Expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):101-104] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.17

 

Key wordsbreviscapine; left heart ischemic reperfusionacute lung injuryinflammatory cell adhesion molecules 1;interleukin 6

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[Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):105-110] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

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Evaluation of interleukin 8, 12 & 33 serum level in patients with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis and healthy subjects

 

Mohammad Ayoub Rigi Ladez1, Sirous Risbaf Fakour*2 and Mohsen Karbasi3

 

1: Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan-Iran

2: Department of maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan, University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan- Iran

3: Dentist, faculty of dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan-Iran

 *Corresponding Author:

Sirous Risbaf Fakour (DDS,MS), Department of maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan- Iran

Email: c_risbaf@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Environmental, genetic and immune factors are involved in progress of the disease. Recently numerous studies have focused on the role of different cytokines in development of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the serum level of IL-8, IL-12 and IL-33 in patients withchronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) and healthy individuals.A total of 96 subjects were included in the study of which 35 patients had chronic periodontitis, 26 patients had generalized aggressive periodontitis and 35 persons was healthy group. 3ml blood obtained from each person and serum samples separated. Level of IL-8, IL-12(p70) and IL-33 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Data analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney testand SPSS Ver.16 software.The level of IL-12 increased significantly in chronic and aggressive patients than in health group (p=0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference at IL8 dose level between periodontitis patients and healthy group (p>0.05). The amount of IL-33 was no difference between patients and healthy group (p>0.05).There was a significant association between the level of IL-12 with chronic periodontitis and GAP.

 [Mohammad Ayoub Rigi Ladez, Sirous Risbaf Fakour and Mohsen Karbasi. Evaluation of interleukin 8, 12 & 33 serum level in patients with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis and healthy subjects. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):111-117]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.19

 

 Key words: interleukin-8, interleukin-12, interleukin-33, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis

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Assessment of Land Degradation and Farm-Level Deforestation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

 

A.S. Oyekale+ and A.H. Adeleke ++

 

+Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa, asoyekale@yahoo.com

++Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

 

Abstract: Land degradation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been aggravated by deforestation with resultant losses of vital biodiversity. In this paper, we provided an assessment of land degradation with drivers of deforestation in selected states in the Niger Delta. Data were collected with multi-stage sampling procedure and analyzed using descriptive and Tobit regression methods. Results show that average age of the farmers is 51.55 years with average years of education being 8 years. The farmers recognized a degraded land through the colour (20.79%), depth of the soil (4.4%) and performance of maize crop (71.73%). Deforestation is positively influenced by sex of the household heads, market distance, population per forest land, purchased land, sold land, fertile land and population density. Legislations for curtailing the pace of deforestation should be enforced with some hints on population control.

 [A.S. Oyekale and A.H. Adeleke Assessment of Land Degradation and Farm-Level Deforestation in The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Life Sci J 2012;9(4):118-122]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.20

 

Keywords: land degradation, deforestation, legislations, Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Benefit Incidence Analysis of Public Health Expenditures and Households’ Caregiver Preferences in Ogun State, Nigeria

 

Onademeru, S.+ and A.S. Oyekale++

 

+Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa.

asoyekale@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:The study seeks to determine the factors that influence public health care seeking behaviour based on the poverty status of households in rural areas. The primary data were collected with well-structured questionnaire while the secondary data were obtained from the local government health records. Descriptive analytical methods, benefit incidence analysis and Multinomial logit regression were employed for data analysis. The results show that average spending on health by households is N456.40, while the health subsidy accruing to household from government is N687.98. Benefit incidence analysis shows majority of government spending accrue to the poorest segment of the population. Also, the factors that significantly influence (p<0.05) households patronage of private clinics are years of education, presence of hygiene facilities and registration cost. Furthermore, age of household head, family size, presence of hygiene facilities, communication access (GSM), drug and registration cost will make household patronise chemist. Years of education of household head, registration cost and hygiene facilities will make household patronise self-care. Adequate education to alert households of the risks involved in inadequate decision regarding health problems and adequate funding of government hospitals were recommended, among others.

[Onademeru, S. and A.S. Oyekale. Benefit Incidence Analysis of Public Health Expenditures and Households’ Caregiver Preferences in Ogun State, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):123-130]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.21

 

Keywords: public health, poverty, benefit incidence analysis, Ogun state

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Environmental Impact Assessment of Large Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complexes On Urban Spaces Case Study: Hezar O Yek Shahr Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complex District 22 of Tehran Municipality

 

Seyyed Rahim Moshiri, Ahmad Donya Mal

 

 Faculty, Tehran Science and Research Department, Islamic Azad University

 PhD Student, Geography and Urban Planning, Tehran Science and Research Department,

Islamic Azad University. donyamali.a@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Result of studies conducted and predictions made by World Bank and other international organizations indicate that two third of world population will live in the urban areas in the third millennium. Urban living in Iran has experienced a rapid growth during past 4 decades. Increased numbers of cities, wide spread migration from rural areas, and higher birth rate have significantly increased urban population. Higher disposable income and reduced work hours have improved social welfare. These changes have produced complicated and encompassing consequences in urban areas at national and local levels, including air and environmental pollution, densely populated urban areas, plus difficulties and inequalities in city and social services. Providing for social needs of various age groups in such circumstances and under heavy influence from world developments require extensive planning. A part of this planning includes provision of additional public recreational spaces. The complicated nature of urban living demands special focus on projects which may contribute to social welfare by increasing the available public areas including recreational parks. One such project is Hezar O Yek Shahr Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complex in District 22 of Tehran Municipality. This project is being implementing on a 150 hectare divided into seven zones assigned for recreation, tourism, sports, education, cultural activities, and public services. This project is one of a kind in Iran and Middle East. Hezar O Yek Shahr project is already under development at a total estimated cost of about $2 billion. As an indication of the size of this undertaking, this project will require 993,000 cubic meters of earth removal and 404,000 cubic meters of filling. This complex will have various subdivisions for hotels, shopping centers, recreation area, water-park, and amusement center. The amusement park alone will have 83 attractions. It is estimated that 141961 visitors will visit this complex per day. Article 50 of Iran Civil Laws and article 172 of The 5th Iran National Development Plan require environmental impact assessment of any project to be undertaken by any large production, industrial, service, and infrastructural unit. In compliance with the legal requirements, the environmental impact of this large and significant project was assessment in this study by using Pastakia Matrix. This study examined the impact of 18 civil and infrastructural activities on environmental parameters in two phases of project construction and operations. The results of this study showed that the project implementation option had higher number of positive impacts. Consequently, the implementation of this project is preferable over non-implementation option. However, project implementation is supported as the final decision subject to implementation of certain management measurements.

[Seyyed Rahim Moshiri Ahmad Donya Mali. Environmental Impact Assessment of Large Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complexes On Urban Spaces Case Study:Hezar O Yek Shahr Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complex District 22 of Tehran Municipality. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):131-152] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.22

 

Keywords: Hezar O Yek Shahr Tourist, Recreational, and Sports Complex, City Tourism, Urban Living, Environmental Impact.

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Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity of Valproic acid in albino mice, Histological and Histoistochemical studies

 

Ibrahim, M. A

 

Department of zoology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University

Basma_rw@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is an abnormal functional state of the central nervous system that is characterized by uncontrolled nerve cell activity and clinicaly by convulsive seizure with or without loss of consciousness. Valproic acid is widely used antiepileptic medication and has sever toxic effect on liver, this study aimed to investigate the histopathological and histochemical changes due to the effects of therapeutic dose (25mg/kg b.w.) of antiepileptic drug (Valproic acid) in albino mice. Material and methods: Forty mice were used, they were divided into four groups, one group serves as control group and the other three groups (A, B and C) administered the drug as follow: Group A received Valproic acid for 15 days, group B received Valproic acid for 30 days and group C, the recovery group (animals were administrated with drugs for 30 days then administration was stopped for another 10 days). The animals were sectioned 24 hours after the last dose, liver was taken for histopathological and histochemical studies. Results: The drug induces toxic effects on liver tissue which showed vacuolar degenerative changes, hypertrophied nucleus with fragmented chromatine, inflammatory cells aggregates and congested vasculature.Conclusion: Valproic acid has sever toxic effects on liver tissue and the toxicity was time related. Sort of recovery was recorded after discontinuation of the drug so its effect was reversible.

 [Ibrahim,M. A. Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity of Valproic acid in albino mice, Histological and Histoistochemical studies. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):153-159] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.23

 

Key words: liver- tissue- valproic acid- hepatotoxicity.

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Optimal operation of a Microgrid in the Power Market Environment by PSO Algorithm

 

Mehdi Akbarpour 1*, Rasoul Esmailnia shirvani2, Mohammad Lohi3, Hosein khalilifar4

 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Minab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Minab, Iran

2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Nour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran

3. Hormozgan Electrical Power Distribution Company, Hormozgan, Iran

4. Nima Consultant Engineering Company, Iran

akbarpourmehdi@gmail.com

 

Abstract- In this paper for optimal operation of a microgrid a model is represented including wind turbine, photo voltaic, generator diesel, battery bank, converter, critical load and controllable load. This Microgrid Management System (MMS) generates an optimum operation plan for a microgrid on next day. Modeled microgrid has ability of converting electric energy to main grid. At proposal model, uncertainty in predicting wind velocity is considered. Operation of this microgrid with purpose of reduction of cost is optimized. In this paper, the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO) is used for optimization. At the end of a model example for applying the results of the proposed model will be examined and analyzes the results. Results show that the model is an appropriate method for the operation of this microgrid.

[Mehdi Akbarpour, Rasoul Esmailnia shirvani, Mohammad Lohi, Hosein khalilifar. Optimal operation of a Microgrid in the Power Market Environment by PSO Algorithm. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):160-170]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.24

 

Keywords: Microgrid, Optimal Operation, Reduction of Cost, Uncertainty, Power Market, PSO Algorithm

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A Hybrid Intelligent Information System for the Administration of Massive Mass of Hajjis

 

Mohamed Osama Khozium

 

Department of Engineering, MCC-UQU, Center of Research Excellence in Hajj and Omrah (Hajj Core)

Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

osama@khozium.com

 

Abstract: In this paper the development of a hybrid intelligent information system for the administration of massive Hajjis crow has been described. The main objective is to design an information system to manage the crowd during one of Hajj rituals, "Nafra" so as to avoid crowding disasters. The developed system incorporates data acquisition and processing via several thermal cameras deployed as sensors at strategic points on “Nafra” access roads. The sensors are linked to an analysis module, which in turn measures crowd flow and density in real time. The analysis results are fed into a fuzzy logic module to determine the priority of roads with respect to their widths and lengths. Then, the integrated decision support system generates decisions to the controllers in order for them to take the appropriate actions. Hybridization is done by integrating fuzzy logic, operations research and decision support to produce alternate decisions to the system controllers enable them to control the movement of the huge crowd. The paper illustrates different system components. It also describes the architecture of each component as well as the architecture of the entire system. A complete case study is illustrated with real snap shots of system screens in order to prove the system methodology. The results show solid decisions that help the authorities manage the huge pilgrim crowds. The system can contribute to provide complete safety for crowds during the “Nafra” event that attracts millions each year.

[Mohamed Osama Khozium. A Hybrid Intelligent Information System for the Administration of Massive Mass of Hajjis. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):171-180]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.25

 

Keywords: Hajj, Islamic informatics, hybrid crowd management, crowd density estimation, crowd monitoring

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Clinical and Laboratory Examinations of Diarrhea and Dehydration in Newborn Friesian Calves with Special Reference to Therapy with Hypertonic and Isotonic Solution

 

Abdel Khalek R. El-sheikh.1, Hayam M. Samy Morsy2, Tarek H. Allam Abbas2 and Wafaa M. Abdelrazik1

 

1Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 2Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 3Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, Egypt

onetwovet@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was carried on 61 calves from different farms at Sharkia governorate. From these calves 25(healthy control calves) and 36 diarrheic dehydrated calves were used for this study. The calves had normal body temperature. The clinical signs of the diseased calves included a whitisg to yellowish diarrhea with foetid odour and highly moisture percent of faeces. Moderate and severe dehydration were recorded including varying degree of dryness of skin, sunked eyes, recumbency, sometimes coma and death occurred. 18 calves showed hyperpnea with standing position but need help to stand (moderate degree of dehydration and clinical acidosis). Other 18 calves showed lrecombency, a decrease of heart beats and respiratory rates (severe degree of dehydration and clinical acidosis). Blood analysis of diseased calves showed acidemia as well as a significant increase in erythrocytic count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume with a non significant variation in Leucocytic count. Serum analysis showed an increase of the total protein, total solids, a significant increase of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine as well as hyponatremia, hypocholoremia and hyperkalamia. Thereapeutic trials: Antidiarrheal drugs as well as isotonic solution in moderate dehydration and hypertonic together with isotonic in severe dehydration were used for treatment. It could be concluded that diarrhea and dehydration in calves has a harmful effect on general health condition, gastrointestinal tract, body fluid, blood, serum and faecal contents. Hypertonic together with isotonic solution and antidiarrheic drugs safe the animal life and control this problem.

[Abdel Khalek R. El-sheikh, Hayam M. Samy Morsy, Tarek H. Allam Abbas and Wafaa M. Abdelrazik. Clinical and Laboratory Examinations of Diarrhea and Dehydration in Newborn Friesian Calves with Special Reference to Therapy with Hypertonic and Isotonic Solution. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):181-184]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.26

 

Key words: Calves, Diarrhoea, Dehydration, blood, serum, hypertonic, isotonic solution.

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Seroepidemiology evaluation of Toxoplasma IgG values in women at their marriage age and pathogenesis factors

 

Hossein Ali khazaei1,Mohammad Bokaeian2, Mani Javadimehr3, Gholam Reza Soleimani4, Amin Khazaei5, Behzad Narouie*6, Mohammad Jafari Modrak7 and Agheel Miri8

 

1: Department of Immunology & Hematology, School of Medicine, Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

2: Department of Microbiology, Paramedicine College, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

3: Department of Medical English, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,Iran

4: Department ofPediatrics, Research center for children and adolescences health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

5: Dentist,Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

6: General Practitioner, Researcher of Clinical Research Development Center, Ali -Ebne -Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

7: Department ofParasitology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

8: General Practitioner, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

 

*Corresponding Author: Behzad Narouie (MD), Researcher of Clinical Research Development Center, Ali-Ebne- Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan-Iran; Email: b_narouie@yahoo.com; Telefax: +98541_3414103

 

Abstract: Protozoan Toxoplasma gondi is an important cause of serious infections spreading among the human population and domestic animals in the world and the chronic phase in animals is after asymptomaticsyndromes. What's disease, acute infection, asymptomatic? In allcases of acute infection due to the persistence of parasite cysts observed, the disease is caused by the reactivation of cysts. Married women exposed to the disease could predispose them to disease, This study aimed at determining the level of IgG antibodies at the time of their marriage counseling has been done in Zahedan. During this descriptive – analytical study, 280 women referring to the Razmjoo moghaddam central laboratory of Zahedan from February 2009- to December 2009 were measured for IgG by ELISA method. Then blood samples were taken from them and the level of blood IgG antibody was measured by ELISA method and the results with obtained IgM measurement and their relationship with demographic issues, including those of residence, education level, were noted. Home cat care and pet at home, and how the meat is cooked were surveyed.28.2% of patients with type IgG antibodies were having significant positive correlation with the maintenance of home cats and how the meat was cooked. In other words, women who kept cats in their home and had half-cooked or raw meat to eat, showed increased positive antibody. The results of these studies indicated that a high percentage of susceptible women of childbearing in Zahedan city, were without a note of antibodies against Toxoplasma and thus they are susceptible to infection. Thus in order to prevent infection of susceptible pregnant women and prevent problems that may arise during pregnancy, awareness and control of pathogens associated with disease, education and health care practice, are recommended.

[Hossein Ali khazaei, Mohammad Bokaeian, Mani Javadimehr, Gholam Reza Soleimani, Amin Khazaei, Behzad Narouie, Mohammad Jafari Modrak and Agheel Miri. Seroepidemiology evaluation of Toxoplasma IgG values in women at their marriage age and pathogenesis factors. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):185-190]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.27

 

Keywords: Antibody, Toxoplasma gondi, ELISA

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The Condition of Hydrogen and Cell Battery in Iran

 

Mahmood Baghban Taraghdari1, Mohammad Reza Asadi Asad Abad2, Fatemeh Mohagheghzadeh3 and Mohammad Ranjbar Kohan2

 

1Department of Agricultural, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran

2Young Researchers Club, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Qazwin, Iran

3Department of Economics, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran

Corresponding Author: Mohammad Reza Asadi Asad Abad, Email: Asadi_reza2007@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Today, the consequences of human intervention in the environment are more evident than any time before. Development has been synonymous with the nature and environment protection and in economic indexes of national accounts, such as gross domestic product, taking natural and environmental resources into account is so important. Energy is a basic need for economic development and providing welfare and comport for human life. Regarding what was said, the only way to human is using new clean green and renewable energies. Therefore in this study, in addition to a brief introduction on hydrogen energy and cell battery, the condition of these kinds of renewable energies in Iran will be discussed.

[Mahmood Baghban Taraghdari, Mohammad Reza Asadi Asad Abad, Fatemeh Mohagheghzadeh and Mohammad Ranjbar Kohan. The Condition of Hydrogen and Cell Battery in Iran. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):191-196]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.28

 

Key words: energy- hydrogen- cell battery- Iran

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Rapid Detection of Bcr-Abl Fusion Proteins by Immunobead Assay Flow Cytometry in Leukemia Patients

 

Nihal M Heiba

 

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

nihalhieba@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Philidalphia(Ph) chromosome [t(9;22)(q34;q11)] which results in the production of BCR-ABL fusion protein, with deregulated tyrosine kinase activity, is a hallmark of chronic myelod leukemia(CML) and present in a high risk group of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). This BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase has been specifically targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) which have profoundly modified the treatment and prognosis of the diseases harboring this genetic abnormality. Consequently, the rapid and accurate detection of BCR-ABL is of utmost importance in the diagnosis and optimal management of leukemias. Currently applied techniques are RT-PCR and cytogenetic analysis, which are costly, time-consuming, and require specialized laboratories. We utilized a recently developed immunoassay that qualitatively identifies the presence of BCR-ABL proteins in the leukemic cell lysate. The BCR-ABL is captured and detected by a cytobead assay and analysed by flow cytometry. We aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of this technique in detecting BCR-ABL in ALL patients and identifying CML cases among CML-suspected patients. The assay was conducted on 100 peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of 20 healthy controls, 55 patients suspected of having CML and 25 ALL patients. Results were compared to those obtained by conventional karyotyping and flouresence in situ hybridization (FISH). BCR-ABL protein was positive in 35/55(63.6%) of CML suspected cases and 15/25(60%) ALL cases with 100% concordance with cytogenetic analysis data. The procedure was simple and feasible and proved to be reliabe in rapidly idenyifying CML cases and Ph+ALL allowing for their prompt management.

[Nihal M Heiba. Rapid Detection of Bcr-Abl Fusion Proteins by Immunobead Assay Flow Cytometry in Leukemia Patients. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):197-203]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.29

 

Key words: BCR/ABL, flow cytometry, acute leukemia.

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Self Esteem, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Faculty Members of Secondary Level Teacher Training Programme in Mysore (India)

 

*Moslem Cherabin1, Dr. Praveena, K. B.2, Hamid Mohammad Azimi3, Ali Qadimi4, Roghaiyeh Shahani Shalmani5,

 

*Moslem Cherabin1 (Corresponding author)

Research Scholar in Education, Department of Studies in Education, University of Mysore, *Moslem_yk2008@yahoo.com

2Dr. Praveena, K. B.

Asst. Professor in Education, Department of Studies in Education, University of Mysore, friendlypraveen@gmail.com

3Hamid Mohammad Azimi, 4Ali Qadimi, 5Roghaiyeh Shahani Shalmani

Research Scholars in Education, Department of Studies in Education, University of Mysore

 

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the demographic variables of length of teaching experience and age, affects self esteem, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of faculty members of educational colleges in Mysore (India). In addition, the study aimed to find out the relationship between the three variables i.e. self esteem, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of faculty members of educational colleges in Mysore. This research has been designed with a descriptive model. The study was carried out on all the faculty members who are working in educational colleges, affiliated to the University of Mysore in Mysore. The sample for the present study was drawn using stratified random sampling technique. About 165 survey questionnaires were distributed in 2012.Multiple follow ups yielded 134 statistically usable questionnaires. For collecting data, three standard measures of Rosenberg self esteem scale (1965), a job satisfaction scale developed by Singh and Sharma (1999) and organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday, Steers, and Porter (1979) were used to confirming the research hypotheses; and for analyzing the obtained data, the statistical methods of one way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test). The findings of the study indicated a significant difference between length of teaching experience and age of faculty members with reference to their self esteem. But with regard to job satisfaction and organizational commitment there was no significant differences. Test statistics revealed that teacher’s self esteem, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were mutually related. Based on the results of this study, self esteem was found to be negatively related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. These findings are important since previous research has not tested these variables together.

[Cherabin M, Praveena K.B, Mohammad Azimi H, Qadimi A, Shahani Shalmani R. Self Esteem, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Faculty Members of Secondary Level Teacher Training Programme in Mysore (India). Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):204-214] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.30

 

Keywords: Self esteem; job satisfaction; organizational commitment; educational college; faculty member

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The Comparison of Intracoronary Versus Intravenous Eptifibatide Administration during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

 

Morteza Safi MD1, Mohammad Hasan Namazi MD1, Hosein Vakili MD1, Habibollah Saadat MD1, Ramin Khameneh Bagheri MD2*, Javad Ramezani MD2, Mostafa Ahmadi MD3, Amin Sahebi MD4

 

[1]Cardiovascular Department, Shahid Beheshti Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

2 Cardiovascular Department, Emam Reza Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Cardiovascular Department, Ghaem Educational, Research and Treatment Center,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

4Cardiovascular surgery Department, Emam Reza Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

drramin2004@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Administration of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, including eptifibatide is an effective adjunctive treatment strategy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Recent data suggest that the intracoronary administration of these drugs during PPCI may increase the efficacy of them. Methods: A total of 40 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing PPCI within 12 hours of symptom onset were randomized to either intracoronary or intravenous two boluses of eptifibatide (0.180 µg/kg) each 10 minutes. The primary endpoints of the trial were enzymatic infarct size, myocardial reperfusion measured as ST-segment resolution (STR), and post-procedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade flow of infarct related artery. The secondary endpoints were intra-procedural adverse effect (arrhythmia) and no-reflow phenomenon, in-hospital mortality, reinfarction, hemorrhage and post-procedural global systolic function. Results: Post-procedural TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 95% and 90% of the intracoronary (IC) and intravenous (IV) groups (P=0.61). The enzymatic infarct size assessed by the area under the curve of creatine phosphokinase-mb (CPK-mb) in the first 48 hours after PPCI (µmol.L-1.h-1) was similar in the IC and IV groups with 7206 (IQR, 5346.75 to 10384.50) versus 7294 (IQR, 10384.50 to 10384.50), P=0.87. Complete STR was achieved in 55% and 40% of the IC and IV groups (P=0.27). No deaths, urgent revascularizations, reinfarctions, or TIMI major bleeding events were observed among the both groups. Conclusion: Although, the IC administration of eptifibatide is safe, but does not add a benefit in comparison to the standard IV route.

[Morteza Safi MD, Mohammad Hasan Namazi MD, Hosein Vakili MD, Habibollah Saadat MD, Ramin Khameneh Bagheri MD, Javad Ramezani MD, Mostafa Ahmadi MD, Amin Sahebi MD. The Comparison of Intracoronary Versus Intravenous Eptifibatide Administration during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):215-222]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.31

 

Keywords: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, ST elevation myocardial infarction, Eptifibatide, Intracoronary, Intravenous.

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Effects of Inducing Plant Growth on performance and performance Components of Corn (Zea mays L.)

 

Ahmad Karimi1*, Mehdi Tajbakhsh2, Reza Amir nia3, Ali-Reza Eivazi4, Korosh Karimi5

 

1. Young researchers club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University

2. Full Professor of Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture - Urmia University

3. Asistant Professor of Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture - Urmia University

4. Researcher in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Western Azerbaijan,Urmia-Iran

5. Young researchers club, khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University

Corresponding email: Ahmad_karimi@hotmail.com

 

In order to examine the effect of spraying plant growth inducers on performance and performance components of corn in the double-cross 704 corn, a test in the form of a randomized complete block design under condition of a farm with eight replications and six treatments of plant growth inducers, Marmarine, HB_101, auxin, cycocel, ethephon and control was performed. Analysis of variance of data showed that characteristics of the number of rows of grain, number of grains per row, number of grains per maize, grain weight per maize, weight of 1000 grains, cob weight, grain performance and harvest index were significant at the 5% level. The Marmaryn, HB-101 and auxin treatment led to increase in the number of rows of grain, number of grains per row, number of grains per maize, grain weight per maize, weight of 1000 grains, cob weight, grain performance and harvest index. So that the greatest value was related to Marmarine treatment, then HB_101 treatment and eventually auxin treatment. Also, Cycocel did not indicate any significant effect on the performance and performance components of corn except for reducing the weight of 1000 grains. Ethephon decreased grain number per row, number of grains per maize, weight of 1000 grains and cob weight, but its impact on the performance was not statistically significant.

[Ahmad Karimi, Mehdi Tajbakhsh, Reza Amir nia, Ali-Reza Eivazi, Korosh Karimi. Effects of Inducing Plant Growth on performance and performance Components of Corn (Zea mays L.). Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):223-229]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.32

 

Key words: performance components, inducing plant growth substances, and corn.

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Rule of Rectal Manometry in Late Management of Fecal Incontinence in Patients Treated By Posterior Sagital Anorectoplasty

 

Jamal S. Kamal

 

FRCSI, FACS, King Abdul Aziz university, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

drjamalkamal@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Eleven patients with proximal types of imperforated anus (mean age 15 Y) were evaluated clinically by a single examiner and by rectal manometric studies. All were males with problems related to fecal continence. It was found that local examination alone is enough to put a plan for further management with no need for Manometric evaluation.

[Jamal S. Kamal. Rule of Rectal Manometry in Late Management of Fecal Incontinence in Patients Treated By Posterior Sagital Anorectoplasty. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):230-233]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33.

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.33

 

Key words: long term management – local examination

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The Impact of Selected Aerobic Aquatic Exercises on the Depression and Happiness Levels of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (M.S)

 

Seyyed Mahmoud Hejazi1, Mahmoud Soltani1*, Seyyedeh Asiyeh Ardalan Javan2, Farnaz Aminian2, Seyyed Mehdi Hashemi3

 

1. Department of Physical Education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

2. MSc of Physical Education and Sport Sciences

3. Msc of pathology and corrective actions, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

Soltani.mahmood@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (M.S) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The chronic nature of the disease, lack of prognosis, lack of any definitive cure and affecting the individual in the young age will cause several mental disorders in patients, including depression and low rate of happiness. Objective: Evaluation the effect of aquatic exercise programs on depression and happiness levels of the patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S). Methodology: In this quasi-experimental research, 40 patients with M.S. with grades 1 to 4 were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The exercise program was performed for the experimental group for eight weeks, three sessions per week with 50-60 percent of the maximum heart rate. The depression and happiness rates were evaluated using the Beck Depression questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire at intervals before and after the exercise. Analysis of the data was performed by independent t test, and the data normalization was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: The test group, regarding the depression level (p < 0.001) and happiness level (p < 0.002) after exercise had significant changes compared to the pre-exercise time. Thus, the mean differences for depressions and happiness levels of these two groups were obtained respectively as 4.65 and -7.80. Conclusion: Regular aquatic exercise provides more productive emotional communications and also causes the improvement of depression and increased happiness in M.S. patients. Hence, doing these exercises is recommended as an effective non-pharmacologic therapy method in addition to drug therapy.

[Mohammad Bagher Toorang. Evaluation of Golshan Shabestari and Raz mashahed’s characteristics. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):234-240] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.34

 

Key words: Multiple sclerosis, Aquatic exercise, Depression, Happiness

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Distribution of Radionuclides in the Leachates for Several Rock Types at Different Time Intervals

 

A. Nada

 

Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

afafhero_nada@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In the present study, the behavior of the different isotopes activity concentrations for three different rock samples (siltstone, shale and sandy dolomite) as well as in the different leachates of these rocks were studied at different time intervals, using a HP-Ge spectrometer. The activity concentration of 238U for the leachates gradually increases while that for 235U is nearly constant. The results revealed that the solubility gradually decrease from 235U to 234U, 238U and 226Ra respectively. The reason for the higher 234U concentrations in leachates is due to α- recoil process which enhances the mobilization and solubility of the decay product of 234U relative to the parent (238U).Also the238U activity concentration percent in leachates to that in origin samples increases towards equilibrium state due to the growth of the 234Th. It is noticed that the238U% of siltstone and shale are very close and higher compared to dolomite which is much less in spite of the higher activity of the dolomite rock sample. The ratio (234U/238U) for the first measurement of the leachates was considered at zero time as 1.09±0.17, 1.4±0.21 and 1.6±0.18 for siltstone, shale and sandy dolomite respectively. The enrichment of 234U is accordingly related to the crystal damage and leaching, which are the main mechanisms for the (234U/238U) disequilibrium. The variations in the activity ratio ((238U/235U) are related to the increase in the activity concentration of 238U with time and also to very little variations in 235U.The solubility for Ra, Th, and K are very low and mainly remain in the residuals.

[A. Nada. Distribution of Radionuclides in the Leachates for Several Rock Types at Different Time Intervals. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):241-248]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.35

 

Key Words: Gamma-spectrometry; Leachates of rock types; Uranium activity ratios.

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The Use of Different Laboratory Methods in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection; A Comparative Study

 

Nermin H. Ibrahim (a*), Azza Abdulazim Gomaa(a), Mohamed Ahmed Abu-Sief (b), Tamer M. Hifnawy(c), Mervat Abd El-Baseer Tohamy (a)

 

aMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt

bInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt

cPublic Health and Community Medicine Department, Beni Suef University, Egypt

*nerhassan@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori are well recognized as a major cause of gastrointestinal illnesses and gastric cancers. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess different methods for detection of H. pylori in the oral cavity (saliva and dental plaque) and in gastric biopsy among patients with gastric affection, as well as, detection of H. pylori antigen in stool. Moreover, to evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated strains. Methods: Specimens were obtained from Endoscopy Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University Hospital, Egypt. Thirty patients were subjected to detailed history and different sampling; gastric biopsy, oral and stool samples. The oral and gastric samples were processed and cultured. Thereafter, microscopic examination and rapid urease tests (RUTs) were conducted. The isolates were identified and evaluated for their antibiotic susceptibility to several antibiotics. Results: The selected patients had a mean age of 36.23 + 6.317 years. They included 17 males (56.7%) and 13 females (43.3%). 90% of the cases were found positive by culture of the gastric biopsies, while, 96.7% were positive in oral cultures. 92.5% of the gastric samples showed positive results by microscopic examination, however, RUTs were positive in 63.3% of the gastric samples and in 73.3% of the oral samples, meanwhile, 66.7% of patients were found positive by testing their stool for H.pylori antigens. The prevalence of resistance among gastric and oral isolates to Amoxycillin, Amoxycillin/Clavulinic acid, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Clarithromycin, Tetracycillin and Metronidazole were; (3.7 and 17.2 %), (11.1 and 24.1 %), (11.1 and 20.7 %), (11.1 and 24.1 %), (25.9 and 37.9 %) and (96.3 and 100 %) respectively. Conclusion: There is an evidenced association between gastric affection and oral H. pylori recognition that even exceeds stool detection of H. pylori antigen. Moreover, continuous evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility should be carried out and clinicians should be aware about it to select the appropriate empiric regimen for H. pylori eradication.

 [Nermin H. Ibrahim, Azza Abdulazim Gomaa, Mohamed Ahmed Abu-Sief, Tamer M. Hifnawy, Mervat Abd El-Baseer Tohamy The Use of Different Laboratory Methods in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection; A Comparative Study. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):249-259]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.36

 

Key words: H. pylori, gastric diseases, antibiotic susceptibilities, RUT, Oral H. pylori

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New Binary PSO based Method for finding best thresholds in association rule mining

 

Abdoljabbar Asadi1, Mehdi Afzali2, Azad Shojaei *3, Sadegh Sulaimani4

 

1 Department of Computer Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Ira

2 Department of Information Technology Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

3 *Department of Computer, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran

4 IT and Computer Eng. Dept., University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Azad.Shojaei@gmail.com

 

Abstract: One of the important data mining techniques is association rule finding. Apriori is the most famous algorithm based on this technique. But it has a major weakness which cannot calculate the minimal value of support and confidence and these parameters is estimating intuitively by the user and this has an important effect on the algorithm performance. Main goal of this paper is to presenting an optimal method to find suitable values of minimum threshold for support and confidence by means of Binary Particle Swarm Optimization. Data used for the paper is a 4000 random records sample from Foodmart 2000 Database. Implementation of the proposed method has been done using R2010b version of MATLAB software. Proposed algorithm improves the performance of association rule mining by automatically setting suitable values for minimum support and confidence thresholds.. [Abdoljabbar Asadi, Mehdi Afzali,Azad Shojaei, Sadegh Sulaimani, New Binary PSO based Method for finding best thresholds in association rule mining. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):260-264] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.37

 

Keywords: data mining, association rule mining, minimal support, minimal confidence, particle swarm optimization

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Metabolic diseases: disease problems of Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goats

 

Farzad Abdollahzadeh*1, Tofiq Froghi 2

 

1,2 Islamic Azad University, Boukan Branch, Boukan, Iran

E-mail: Farzad.Abdolahzadeh@gmail.com

 

Abstract: A metabolic disease technically refers to altered metabolism, but as used in this context refers to conditions which have their origin in nutrition or management as contrasted to infection. There are a number of such conditions which can occur with sheep and goats, but seldom represent a major constraint under commercial conditions. Included in these are acidosis, bloat, grass tetany, milk fever, posthitis, swelling disease (edema), urinary calculi, white muscle disease, etc,. Few of these actually cause serious troubles with goats under grazing conditions.

[Farzad Abdollahzadeh, Tofiq Froghi. Metabolic diseases: disease problems of Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):265-269] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.38

 

Keywords: Metabolic Diseases, Markhoz Goat, Iranian Angora

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The effects of some agricultural By-products on blood metabolites, chewing behavior and physical characteristics of dairy cow diets

 

Farzad. Abdollahzadeh1, Rahim Abdulkarimi*2

 

1,2Islamic Azad University, Boukan Branch, Boukan, Iran

E-mail: Rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding ensiled mixed tomato and apple pomace (EMTAP) on blood metabolites and chewing behavior of dairy cow. Six multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid lactation were used in 3×3 Latin square design and fed alfalfa hay plus concentrate mixture with three levels replacement with EMTAP (0, 15, 30%) during 63 days. Results showed that, differences between treatments were significant. Feeding EMTAP resulted in higher glucose, cholesterol, BHBA, triglyceride, and total protein (P<0.01) concentrations then control diet. Data showed that, total eating time (hours per day) was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by treatments, but time spent eating, ruminating and total chewing activity per daily intake (kg) of DM and NDF decreased significantly with increasing EMTAP in diet. It was concluded that, EMTAP can efficiently replace up to 30% alfalfa hay. The nutritive value of tomato and apple pomace could be improved when they are used together (50:50) in dairy cows diet.

[Farzad abdollahzadeh, Rahim Abdulkarimi. The effects of some agricultural By-products on blood metabolites, chewing behavior and physical characteristics of dairy cow diets. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):270-274] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.39

 

Key words: blood metabolites; chewing behavior, agricultural By-products.

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Metabolic Bone Disease in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

 

Naglaa F. Boraey1, Ahmad Addosooki2, Mohammad A. Mohammad3 Marwa M. El-Sonbaty4, and Safinaz E. El-Toukhy5

 

1Department of Pediatrics; 2Orthopedics; and 3Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 4Department of Child Health, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; 5Faculty of Science (Girls), King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, K.S.A. and Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. naglaboraey@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) may be at risk for metabolic bone disease (MBD) because of biochemical derangements caused by the renal disease, as well as the corticosteroid effects on bone. We studied 70 children with INS for clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence of MBD. These patients were divided into two groups: 55 frequent relapsers (FR; group I), and 15 infrequent relapsers (IFR; group II). Thirty healthy children matched for age and sex constituted the control group. Bone mineral density (BMD) of these children was evaluated by the Achilles Express Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) device. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze factors predictive of low BMD T- score. We observed that nephrotic children had significantly lower mean BMD T- scores compared with controls (-1.99 ± 0.74 versus -0.39 ± 0.87; P = <0.0001). Also, children in group I were found to have significantly lower mean BMD T- scores compared with group II (-2.1± 0.67 versus -1.31± 0.64; P = <0.0001). We also observed that 32.7% of group I had osteoporosis compared to none of group II (P= 0.01). Significantly higher doses of steroids over longer duration of therapy were administered to group I compared with group II (P = < 0.0001 and 0.0004 respectively). On multivariate analysis, the only factor found to be predictive of a low BMD T-score was greater cumulative steroid dose (P= 0.02). We concluded that children with INS are at risk for MBD, especially those receiving higher doses of steroids. Regular BMD evaluation and appropriate therapeutic interventions are recommended for these children. The role of prophylactic therapy in such patients needs to be further investigated.

[Naglaa F. Boraey, Ahmad Addosooki, Mohammad A. Mohammad; Marwa M. El-Sonbaty, Safinaz E. El-Toukhy. Metabolic Bone Disease in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):275-280]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.40

 

Key words: Metabolic bone disease, Nephrotic syndrome, Bone mineral density, Osteoporosis.

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The Consequences of Divorce on Individual, Family and Society

 

Shamsi Miri Ghaffarzadeh*1, Hassan Nazari 2

 

1Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Management, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran

E-mail: solarraha@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Divorce is an effect of several complicated psychosocial causes. It is an obvious reason for the underlying conflicts, lacking the balance and harmony of a relationship, which lead couples through a decision making process to end up their marriage. In all cultures, divorce has not been welcome. Reviewing statistics and studies on its causes that strived to find solutions for its reduction, indicates the significance of divorce and the traces of its negative effects left on various aspects of the human society. Divorce, either directly or indirectly, affects the mental health of couples, children, relatives and friends. The lack of comprehensive and inclusive studies on this issue urged us to set the aim of this study to identify the consequences of divorce.

[Shamsi Miri Ghaffarzadeh, Hassan Nazari. Consequences of Divorce. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):281-285] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.41

 

Keywords: Consequences, Divorce, Individual, Family, Society.

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HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) culture assessment via HSEMS (Health, Safety and Environmental Management System) (Case study in Arvandan Oil and Gas Company)

 

1Almassi, Zia addin(phd), 2RamazanMirzaei, 3 Mahnaz nasrAbadi, 4*Hedayat Allah Kalantari, 5 Alireza Ghaseminejad

 

1University lecture, University of Environment, karaj, IRAN

2Health promotion research center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zahedan, IRAN

3Department of HSE (Ms), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN

4Department of HSE (Ms), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN

5Arvandan Oil and Gas HSE Manager, Software Engineer, IRAN

*hdk_1359@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nowadays it's believed that most of the accidents in industries are due to inconsideration and mistakes made by worker rather than errors in equipment and machines. So it seems that implanting an appropriate HSE culture would be a useful step toward a decrease in workplace accidents. Obviously developing an HSE culture first corrects individual behaviors then decreases human errors. Although implantation of an HSE culture deals with a number of factors, based on the results of the current study, management is the key factor. In fact values, incentives and behavioral patterns that show commitment to work methods and abilities of an HSE culture, are the main material which build the HSE culture. This study mainly discusses HSE cultures including commitment, leadership, policy, strategic objectives, organization, documentation, resources, risk assessment and management, planning, stability and revision and auditing. In this study, 175 employees of Arvandan Oil and Gas Company were chosen by Morgan table out of 320 employees then the questionnaires were distributed among them. Reliability and perpetuity of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha (0.971). Data from the questionnaire was transferred to data bank and statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS19 software. The desirability of the HSE culture was classified in a 5-point range using Likert's scale, ranging from "completely desirable" to "completely undesirable". Results of T and Friedman test showed that cultural elements of HSE are in a desirable level in Arvandan Oil and Gas Company.

[Almassi, Zia addin, RamazanMirzaei, Mahnaz nasrAbadi, Hedayat Allah Kalantari, Alireza Ghaseminejad. HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) culture assessment via HSEMS (Health, Safety and Environmental Management System) (Case study in Arvandan Oil and Gas Company). Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):286-293]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.42

 

Key words: system, management, safety management, health and environment, culture, HSE culture

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The Relationship between Locus of Control and Marital Satisfaction of Couples

Askari Asghari Ganji (Corresponding author) *, Drshokouh Navabinezhad **

 

* Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

Tel: 0037494244521, E-mail: asghariganji@yahoo.com

** Faculty Member, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: The goal of the present research is to examine the relationship between locus of control and marital satisfaction of couples. The method of this research is descriptive one and of correlation kind. Statistical population includes the married students of Islamic Azad University of Sari. Research sample includes 62 couples who were selected by multi-step clustered sampling method. Research tools include locus of control (Rotter) and marital satisfaction (Enrich). Data was analyzed using of the methods of descriptive statistics and deductive statistics (The agreed correlation coefficient, X2 square, and T-test). The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between internal locus of control and marital satisfaction of the couples. Also, results showed that there is no significant difference between the gender and the kind of locus of control, gender and level of marital satisfaction of the couples. Regarding the finding of the research, couples who suffer from decrease and dissatisfaction in marital relationship, have external locus of control, therefore, for improvement of marital relationship problems and having a coordinated, attractive and satisfactory marital relationship, it is suggested to replace internal control instead of external control.

[Askari Asghari Ganji, Drshokouh Navabinezhad. The Relationship between Locus of Control and Marital Satisfaction of Couples. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):294-298]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.43

 

Keywords: Locus of control, marital satisfaction of the couples

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Correlation between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CDH17 gene and Gastric Carcinoma

 

1RenYin Chen, 1XiaoBo Liu, 2 Juan Chen, 1JuanJuan Cao, 1JianPing Yang, 1Hui Meng, 3GuoQiang Zhao, YuFeng Zhang

 

Author’s Affiliations:1 Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China and Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, Henan 2 Zhengzhou University School of pharmaceutical Sciences 3 Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou UniversityChina

Corresponding author: Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 450052 Phone:008613673665032 E-mail: zhangyufeng@zzu.edu.cn

 

Abstract: Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the world. The gene expression profile and molecular grouping of gastric cancer has been a challenging task due to its inherent complexity and variation among individuals.We sought to the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms in extron 6 A58G site of CDH17 gene and gastric carcinoma.The method of the polymerase chain reaction - conformation polymorphism single-strand (PCR-SSCP) was used to detect genotype, combined with DNA sequencing was used to check the correctness of genotype.①The genotype frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site: A/G type has 52 cases (76.47%), G/G type 11 patients (16.18%), A/A type 5 cases (7.35%). The allele frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A and G were 45.59%, 54.41% respectively.②The genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has no significant correlation with the gender, age, size, invasion depth, macroscopic appearance, histologic type and differentiation of gastric carcinoma (P0.05). The genotype frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has correlation with lymph node metastasis and TNM grade of gastric carcinomaP0.05).③The allele frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has no significant correlation with the gender, age, size, invasion depth, macroscopic appearance, histologic type, differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM grade of gastric carcinoma(P0.05). The genotype frequencies and of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has correlation with lymph node metastasis and TNM grade in patients with gastric carcinoma.

[RenYin Chen, XiaoBo Liu, Juan Chen, JuanJuan Cao, JianPing Yang, Hui Meng, GuoQiang Zhao, YuFeng Zhang. Correlation between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CDH17gene and Gastric Carcinoma. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):299-303]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.44

 

Keywords: Gastric Carcinoma; the CDH17 Gene; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

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Continuing Issues in the Use of Pesticides for Procuring Life in Developing Countries

 

Dr. Venkatesh. J1, Priya. S2, Balasubramaniam. M3, Aarthy. C4, Thenmozhi. S5, Dr. Balasubramanie. P6

 

1Associate Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: venkijv@gmail.com

2Ph.D Part Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: priyaashanmugam@gmail.com

3Ph.D Full Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: mailtoaarthy@gmail.com

4Ph.D Part Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: mbalu07@gmail.com

5Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Gnanamani College of Technology,

AK Sumuthiram, Pachal - 637018, Namakkal District. Tamilnadu, India. Email: thenmozhi.s1983@gmail.com

6Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kongu Engineering College,

Perundurai, Erode - 638 052. Tamilnadu, India. Email: pbalu_20032001@yahoo.co.in

 

Abstract The basis for pesticide use in agriculture is that costs related with pesticide pollution are to be reasonable by its benefits, but this is not so apparent. Regarding the benefits by simple economic analysis has improved pesticide use in agriculture and thus produced pesticide persuaded public harms. This paper effort to explore the research gaps of the economic and social concerns of pesticide use in developing countries, predominantly with an example of India. We contend that although the negative sides of agricultural development. We assume that, if these difficulties are grasped and accounted for, the remunerations from the current use of pesticides could be remunerated by the costs of pollution and ill human health. This paper also explains different pathways and mechanisms for disregarding. In view of prospective and overall negative impacts of pesticide use, we recommend alternate ways of controlling pests such as unrestricted unified pest management along with education and training activities.

[Venkatesh. J, Priya. S, Balasubramaniam. M, Aarthy. C, Thenmozhi. S, Balasubramanie. P. Continuing Issues in the Use of Pesticides for Procuring Life in Developing Countries. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):304-308]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.45

 

Keywords: cost-analysis, developing countries, interdisciplinary, integrated pest management, relegation, pesticides.

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Advanced esophageal carcinoma without obvious superficial mucosal alteration

 

Zhu Jiang 1 2, Xiangnan Li1 2, Yang Yang 1 2, Song Zhao 1 2

 

1. Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

2. Lung cancer diagnosis and treatment research center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

zhaosong@zzu.edu.cn

 

Abstract: Objective: To explore the diagnosis, etiology, clinical feature and treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma with no obvious superficial mucosal alteration. Method: Between December 2004 to December 2009, we treated eight patients who suffered advanced esophageal cancer but were not found obvious superficial mucosal alteration by fiber-esophagoscopy. The bulging mucosa was smooth and biopsy examination showed chronic mucosal inflammatory. Without definite diagnosis, the patients (five men and three women) underwent esophagectomy in our department. Clinic data and tumor characteristics of them were analyzed retrospectively. Result: Two patients died after the operation, while the other six recovered uneventfully. Postoperative histological examination confirmed six squamous carcinoma (SCC) and two adenocarcinoma (ADC) and the tumor originated in the lamina propria mucosa, muscularis mucosae or submucosa, while mucous epithelium found no tumor cells. Until now, one patient is still alive more than five years, one survived about five years, three survived less than five years, and another one had been dead within two years. Conclusion: As the symptom of this kind tumor is mild and the diagnosis is difficult before surgery, the surgeons should be patient when they encounter these patients. Long time follow up is very important.

[Jiang Z, Yang Y, Li XN, Zhao S. Advanced esophageal carcinoma without obvious superficial mucosal alteration. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):309-311] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.46

 

Keywords: Esophageal carcinoma; submucosal carcinoma; surgery

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Semi-Settled Pastoralists’ Knowledge And Utilisation Of Hiv/Aids Prevention Techniques

 

1Oladele O.T, 1Olujide, M.G, 2Oladele O.I.

 

1. Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

2. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, South Africa, oladele20002001@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper examined Semi- Settled Pastoralists’ knowledge and Utilisation of HIV/AIDS Prevention Techniques in South West Nigeria. The derived savannah areas of Oyo and Ogun states of Nigeria were selected for the study due to high concentration of semi-settled pastoralists who are distributed within 5 and 10 Local Governments Areas (LGAs) in Ogun and Oyo States respectively. Fifty percent of the LGAs were randomly selected from each state. Ninety-four semi-settled pastoralists’ households were randomly selected from 1,174 in Ogun State, while 236 households were selected from 2,942 in Oyo State. An adult respondent was selected in each of the households to give a total of 330 respondents for the study. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data relating personal characteristics, sources of HIV information and utilisation of HIV/AIDS prevention techniques. The result shows that the mean age of the respondents in Ogun State, Oyo State and across the states were 36.3, 38.7 and 38.0 respectively. Across the states, about 83.0% of the semi-settled pastoralists were below 51years of age. In terms of knowledge on HIV/AIDS prevention techniques were presented. Semi-settled pastoralists had high knowledge on 15 items. These include, sharing syringes / needles (), sharing of spouse (), sharing tattooing instrument () and screening blood before transfusion (). On the other hand, semi-settled pastoralists had low knowledge about items such as HIV can be transmitted through air (), HIV transmission through food (), pre-marital sex () and use of condoms () among others. Semi-settled pastoralists had high utilisation in 10 HIV/AIDS prevention techniques across the states. These include, screening of blood before transfusion (=0.8); usage of new needles for tattooing (=0.7); usage of new syringes and needles for injection (=0.7) and use of personal blade / razor for cutting my nails (0.7).

[Oladele O.T, Olujide, M.G, Oladele O.I. Semi-Settled Pastoralists’ Knowledge And Utilisation Of Hiv/Aids Prevention Techniques. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):312-318] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.47

 

Keywords: Pastoralists Information Sources, HIV/AIDS Prevention Techniques, Nigeria

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Cultural spaces in urban identity

 

Nasim Fazeli 1, Shadi Babaei 1, Behnam Ghasemzadeh (corresponding Author) 2

 

1. Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Allameh Dehkhoda Higher Education Institute

2. Department of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Behnam.ghasemzadeh@ymail.com

 

Abstract: Looking at valuable tissues, it is noticed that cultural spaces have the most important position in urban identity. City identity is the resultant of all forces for changing the city to a cohesive physical-social arena and to strengthen cultural-social prestige and structural phenomenology of urban identity using the effects of these arenas. What creates the urban identity is the coordination between architectural and urban spaces with the performance and the content of physical-social phenomena in a city. Cultural performance spaces are among the most important of these spaces which have the important and valuable role in the hierarchy of urban identity. This study investigates the importance and clear position of the spaces with the cultural using for strengthening and promoting the urban identity. This research in regard to implementation process is qualitative, descriptive and then analytical. The investigation and the concepts are based on library and documentation methods. The results indicate that cultural spaces can be considered as one of physical-social phenomena of a city. Despite of different problems in the design, cultural spaces should be built in coordination with the framework determined in the principles of urban identity. Hence in creating these spaces, a suitable design of the city identity can be imaged by benefiting from past experiences and new thinking. Whatever systematic principles of urban and architectural design have more effective communication with urban identity structure, the stability of urban identity will be provided.

[Shadi Babaei, Nasim Fazeli, Behnam Ghasemzadeh. Cultural spaces in urban identity. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):319-324] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.48

 

Keywords: Urban Identity, cultural Spaces, Architecture, Urban spaces

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The Anti-angiogenesis Properties of Two Tumstatin Synthetic Peptides in Infant Hemangioma

 

Yi-lun Liu1*, Tuan-jie Hou2*, Wei-hua Liu1, Jing Sun3, Yue-ming Liu1, Hai-rong Liu1, Peng Ruan1

 

1 Department of Burns Surgery and Experiment Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500,China

2 Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Center, Subei People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China

3 Department of Pathology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China.

* These authors contributed equally to this work. E-mail: 13375280848@163.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this paper was to describe the anti-angiogenesis properties of the two tumstatin synthetic peptides, T3 and T7, which corresponded to 69-88, 74-98 respectively of amino acid sequence of tumstatin, on infantile hemangioma endothelial cells in vitro. The MTT assay results demonstrated that the tumstatin peptides, T3 and T7, could inhibit the proliferation of hemECs in the culture media with 0.025 volume fraction of FBS in a dose dependent manner. When the volume fraction of FBS in the culture media rose, it was deduced that more gowth factors exerted their effect promoting proliferation to the extent that the difference between different dose groups were covered up. Additionally, it was observed in the tumstatin peptides groups that the cell morphology had changed, the cells became contracted and sparse compared with the control group.Further, the cell cycle assay demonstrated that the two tumstatin peptides could arrest the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in the hemECs.This results were consistent with the prior MTT assay results, and showed the reasonable cause why the two peptides could inhibit the hemECs proliferation. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the two tumstatin peptides could inhibit the migration of hemECs by the in vitro wound healing assay.

[Liu YL, Hou TJ, Liu WH, Sun J, Liu YM, Liu HR, Ruan P. The anti-angiogenesis properties of two tumstatin synthetic peptides in infant hemangioma. Life Sci J. 2012;9(4):325-329] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.49

 

Keywords: tumstatin; anti-angiogenesis; infant hemangioma; endothelial cells

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Detection of polymorphism in exon 26 of apoB gene in Khazak breed chickens

 

Amin Shahabi1, Hamid Reza Seyedabadi2, Zahra Roudbari*3

 

1 Ph.D Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University(IAU), Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.

3 Ph.D Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

*Corresponding author E-mail: rodbari.zahra@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to detect the polymorphism in exon 26 of apoB gene in Khazak breed Chickens. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the primary apolipoprotein of low density lipoproteins, and is responsible for carrying cholesterol to tissues. The apoB gene is located on chromosome 3 and consists of thirty exons and twenty- nine introns. in this study, sixty sample selected of laying chickens native khazak breed to the region of Sistan and Baluchestan and DNA genomic was extracted from follicle end feather and genotyping by the PCR-RFLP method. The PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme AcyI and then separated electrophoresis using 2% agars gel. A mutation was identified on exon 26 in chromosome 3. AA, AB and BB Genotypes were detected in this population, respectively with frequency of 16.7, 28.3 and 55 percent. The frequency of an allele and B allele was estimated, respectively 0.3083 and 0.6917 percent. The B allele was more frequent than B allele and BB genotype was more frequent than other genotypes in this population. Chi square(χ2) test and G test showed Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium in the population and this polymorphism was approved using sequencing method with ABI sequencing system.Thus, according to the results observed and the important role of this gene in egg production, this gene appears to be an important candidate gene in native chickens used in breeding program.

[Amin Shahabi, Hamid Reza Seyedabadi, Zahra Roudbari. Detection of polymorphism in exon 26 of apoB gene in Khazak breed chickens. Life Sci J 2012; 9 (4):330-333] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.50

 

Key word: Polymorphism, ApoB gene, Khazak Chickens

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Nutrition and feeding: the type of nutrients required by Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goat

 

Tofiq Froghi, Azad Hosaini

 

Islamic Azad University, Maku Branch, Maku, Iran

tofiq.froghi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Goats are known to be both more able and more willing than some species to select and consume a wider variety of material and to select those plants or plant parts having higher nutritive value.The type of nutrients required by all animals is essentially the same and these are energy (carbohydrates, fat), protein, minerals, vitamins and water. Although fat is shown here as an energy source there does appear to be a limited requirement for fat itself, but this is not considered to represent a problem. These nutrients provide the raw materials or resources for body maintenance, muscular activity, growth (meat production), reproduction as well as milk and fiber production. Nutrients interact to serve different functions which will be reviewed briefly. Energy is obtained from dietary carbohydrates (sugars, starch and fiber) and fats. Protein is the nutrient which might be considered the second most limiting for both fiber and milk production in the Angora goat. Vitamins are a group of compounds which are required in minor amounts. Generally these are grouped as the fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) or the water soluble vitamins (C and the B complex group).

[Tofiq Froghi, Azad Hosaini. Nutrition and feeding: the type of nutrients required by Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):334-338] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.51

 

Keywords: Nutrition; Feeding; Markhoz goat

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Estimated income elasticity and price elasticity of olive in Iran

 

 

1Seyed Nematollah Mousavi, 2Fatemeh Mohammadi and 3Farzaneh Taheri

 

1,2,3 Department of Agricultural Economics,Marvdasht Branch,Islamic Azad University,Marvdasht,Iran

 

*Corresponding author: mousavi_sn@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The objective of this study is to consider the income elasticity and price elasticity of olive products on consumption in Iran using Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach in order to estimate the relationship between variables. The required data are in the Agri- jahad website, statistical state of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and also in different publishes of central bank for 1991-2007. The result of this study shows that both income and price variables whether in short time or long time have important effects on consume of this production and also compare the effects of this variables in short and long time and shows that use of olive in short time is sensible and meaningful.

[Seyed Nematollah Mousavi, Fatemeh Mohammadi and Farzaneh Taheri. Estimated income elasticity and price elasticity of olive in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):339-343] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.52

 

Key words: ARDL method, Olive, FARS province, Income elasticity, Price elasticity.

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Inter and intra professional collaboration in the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in nursing education: lesson for South Africa

 

M A Rakhudu1 A. Amaize2; U. Useh 1 &. M Maselesele1

1 North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa

2. Johns Hopkins University, United States of America

 

Abstract.: Purpose: This review examines various examples of collaboration in PBL implementation, particularly between academic and practice entities. Methods: The updated integrative review (IR) approach according to Whitemore and Knalf (2005) was utilized to guide this search and understand the extent to which PBL is collaboratively implemented in nursing education for pre-registration programme. Findings: Collaboration emerged as a consistent theme – whether between academics and practitioners in the supervision and guidance of nursing students, between faculty members and real patients in facilitating PBL group tutorial sessions, between inter-professional students in PBL learning, or between nurses of different specialties in developing PBL scenarios.

[Rakhudu M A; Amaize A; Useh U; &. M Maselesele. Inter and intra professional collaboration in the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in nursing education: lesson for South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):344-353] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.53

 

Key concepts: Collaboration, implementation and problem based learning, inter-professional, intra-professional

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The effect of betamethasone on fetal movement, biophysical profile and fetal circulation in preterm fetuses

 

Soghra kazardoost¹, Parichehr pooransari*², Masoome mirzamoradiMD³, Hashemi Mohammad Abad Nazir⁴.

 

1. Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Imamkhomaini hospital, Tehran University of medical sciences

2- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Imam Sajad hospital, yasuj university of medical sciences

3- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, mahdieh hospital,shahid beheshti university of medical sciences

4- Department of psychiatry, Faculty of medicine, Yasuj University of medical sciences

*Corresponding author: ppooransari@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: Evaluating the effect of antenatal betamethasone on the biophysical profile and Doppler indices of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five preterm labor singleton pregnancies (gestational age, 26-34 weeks) were studied prospectively. These patients received two consecutive doses of betamethasone 24 hours apart to accelerate pulmonary maturation. Fetal biophysical profile (BPP) and Doppler assessment were performed twice, on admission and 48 hours after administration of the first dose. The mother recorded fetal movement before, during and after the study periods. Comparison was made between biophysical profile score, fetal movement and Doppler indices of the umbilical and middle cerebral artery before and after betamethasone administration. Continuous data were compared by paired t test and dichotomous data were compared by McNemar test between pre and post treatment evaluations. The statistical significance was set at 0.05 levels. Results: Twenty-five women–median age, 26 (19-42) years; median of gestational age, 32 (26-34) weeks–which were referred to Imam Sajjad hospital, Yasuj from August 2010 to December 2011 were enrolled into the study. There was significant different in fetal movement before and after betamethasone administration (p=0.004). The frequency of BPP scores ≤8 increased from 13 to 21 subjects (p=0.039) at post treatment evaluation which was significant statistically. There was statistically significant difference in the reduction of umbilical artery PI (0.10) (95%CI: 0.01-0.19) and RI (0.07) (95%CI: 0.08-0.06)), but these changes were not important clinically. The mean changes of MCA PI and RI were 0.01 (95% CI:-0.16-0.19) and -0.01 (95% CI:-O.08-0.06), respectively. Conclusion: After betamethasone administration, fetal movement, BPP scores and umbilical artery indices were decreased, while MCA Doppler indices were not affected.

 [Soghra kazardoost, Parichehr pooransari,Masoome mirzamoradi, Hashemi Mohammad Abad Nazir. The effect of betamethasone on fetal movement, biophysical profile and fetal circulation in preterm fetuses. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):354-356] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.54

 

Keywords: Betamethasone, Biophysical profile, Doppler indices, fetal movement

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A new review on Cooperative diversity in wireless networks

 

Monire Norouzi 1, Alireza Souri 1, Mohammad esmaeel Akbari 2

 

1. Department of Computer Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

m-norouzi@iau-ahar.ac.ir, a-souri@iau-ahar.ac.ir, m-akbari@iau-ahar.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Today, wireless communication systems will be built for cooperation rather than for more coexistence. Cooperative communication is a hot topic of current research and many researchers believe it to be the next big step after multiple-input multiple output systems. The important idea is that multiple nodes cooperate in order to increase the link quality, reliability and data rate of the system. In the future, the density of active nodes competing for a common wireless channel in cellular as well as access or ad hoc networks will increase significantly. Therefore, node cooperation is an efficient means of achieving these gains.

[Monire Norouzi, Alireza Souri, Mohammad esmaeel Akbari. A new review on Cooperative diversity in wireless networks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):357-361] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.55

 

Keywords: cooperative diversity techniques, Virtual MIMO, fading channels, Rayleigh fading

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BUILDING ORIENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON HOUSE PLAN CONFIGURATION FOR THE CLIMATE OF LAHORE

 

Sabahat Arif,Arif Khan and Khalid Alamgir

 

1 Department of Architectural Engg. & Design, University of Engg. & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

2National Institute of Vacuum Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

sabahatarif@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: This study on Passive design considerations for the solar orientation focuses residential buildings for its application in retrofitting the developments is proposed for energy conservation by the government and private sectors. This study integrates the experimental findings on test rooms at main orientations as a PhD dissertation for implementation in the residential sector in addition to many other identified features. Different practical environmental data is calculated for climatic consideration in architectural and urban design. The standard house planning and its configuration is presented in relation to orientation for the thermal control. The results of experimental study and simulations showed the SW an optimum orientation for heating and cooling requirements.

[Sabahat Arif,Arif Khan and Khalid Alamgir. BUILDING ORIENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON HOUSE PLAN CONFIGURATION FOR THE CLIMATE OF LAHORE. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):362-368] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.56

 

Keywords: Orientation, plan configuration, climate, altitude, temperatures.

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Role of Professional and Technical Training in Human Development

 

Ensieh Zahedi

 

Faculty Technical and Vocational University

 

Abstract: Human development is the latest approach in developmental concept. Its objective is to "increase human choices" with the intention to improve living quality. This approach focuses on human and uses education as its main tool for human development. The idea is that a training individual acquires abilities and competences that turn that individual into an asset to be utilized for achievement of defined objectives. What is important in training programs is to indentifying specific qualities that may introduce individual and social changes to bring about improved quality of life. This article searches for training concepts that may promote educational, economic, social, and cultural equality.

[Ensieh zahedi. Role of Professional and Technical Training in Human Development. Life Sci J2012;9(4):369-376] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.57

 

Key words: Development, Human Development, Human Development Approaches, and Competences.

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A Methodology for Developing C2 Complex Systems Simulator

 

Kamal Mirzaie1 and Mehdi N. Fesharaki2

 

1,2Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: Kamal Mirzaie; Email: k.mirzaie@srbiau.ac.ir

 

 Abstract: The design and development of an appropriate simulator for C2 complex systems is field of research. Researchers in this field are trying to create simulation models to describe the behavior of C2 complex systems. Like any other application softwares, the design and development of C2 complex systems simulator needs a methodology to make analysis, design, and development more accurate and produce a high quality software simulation. C2 simulator software usually models and simulates C2 complex systems using multi agent approach. However, the multi agent simulator is basically different from the agent based business applications. Therefore for developing former one we need a special methodology. In this paper, a methodology based on Capra cognitive framework for modeling and simulating C2 complex systems has been proposed. This methodology determines the main steps for the analysis, design, and development of C2 simulator. In addition, since the proposed methodology utilizes the basic concepts of complex systems, it may be used for modeling the main concepts and components of other complex systems such as ant colony and stock market.

[Kamal Mirzaie and Mehdi N. Fesharaki. A Methodology for Developing C2 Complex Systems Simulator. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):377-386] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.58

 

Keywords: Bio-cognitive, Capra Framework, Command and control (C2), Complex system, Methodology, Multi Agent Systems (MAS), Living Systems.

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Evaluation and Investigation of Risk Management in Iranian Construction Industry

 

 1Farzad Hatami and 2Hossein Behsan

 

1Assistant Professor, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

hatami@aut.ac.ir

 2M.Sc. student, Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran hosein_behsan@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper reports - on the basis of a questionnaire survey of the largest Iranian contractors - a perspective of construction risk, and the effective actions taken for the management of such risks, particularly those of time and finances. The study, the first inIran, focuses on the assessment, allocation and management of construction risks. The paper also presents two types of riskmanagement methods: preventive, which are effective at the early stages of the project life, and mitigative, which are remedialactions aimed at risk minimization during construction. The research found that contractors show more willingness to accept risksthat are contractual and legal-related rather than other types of risks. The research results also indicated that the application of theformal risk analysis techniques in the Iranian construction industry is limited.

[Farzad Hatamiand and Hossein Behsan. Evaluation and Investigation of Risk Management in Iranian Construction Industry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):387-399] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.59

 

Keywords: Risk allocation; Risk impact; Risk management; Construction; Contractors

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First description of the adult stages of Postorchigenes sp. (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) and Malagashitrema sp. (Trematoda:Homalometridae) infecting the common chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) in Egypt

 

Kareem Morsy1; Nadia Ramadan2; Salam Al Hashimi2; Medhat Ali2; Abdel-Rahman Bashtar1

 

1 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Zoology Departments, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Kareemsaid156@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In the present study, the morphological and morphometric characterization of two species of digenetic trematodes infecting the large intestines of the common chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) were described by means of light microscopy as a first description. 30 and 37 out of 115 (26.1 % and 32.1%) of this lizard species were found to be naturally infected with Postorchigenes sp. (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) and Malagashitrema sp. (Trematoda: Homalometridae) respectively. Postorchigenes sp. possesses a body which is oval, spinulate with an oral sucker bigger than acetabulum. The prevalence of Postorchigenes sp. reported from the present study were agreed with the previous studies carried out by Kennedy et al. (1987) who described a three species of digenea from seven species of lizards in Idonesia. Malagashitrema sp. possesses oral sucker larger than acetabulum. The presence of Malagashitrema sp. proved that Malagashitrema is a genus with species linked to Chamaeleo spp. These trematodes adapted to different areas, making their presence are possible in different geographical regions in the world and appears to be a species adapted to Chamaeleo spp.

[Kareem Morsy; Nadia Ramadan; Salam Al Hashimi; Medhat Ali; Abdel-Rahman Bashtar. First description of the adult stages of Postorchigenes sp. (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) and Malagashitrema sp. (Trematoda:Homalometridae) infecting the common chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):400-405] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.60

 

Key words: Digenea - Postorchigenes sp. - Malagashitrema sp. - Chamaeleo chamaeleon - Light microscopy.

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Use of 8-hour and 12-hour Urine Sample for Prediction of Significant Proteinuria

 

Minoo Rajaei 1, Parvaneh Pazouky 2, Maryam Azizi Kutenaee 3, Laila Haghani 1, Pouneh Nekouei 4, Mitra Ahmad Soltani 5, Soghra Fallahi 6

 

1. OB GYN, Associate Professor, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

2. OB GYN, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

3. OB GYN, Assistant, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

4. MD, Research Fellow, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

5. MD, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

6. MS, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

Fallahi_leila@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The combination of hypertension and proteinuria such as preeclampsia during pregnancy markedly increases the risk of prenatal mortality and morbidity. 24hour urine protein estimation is the gold standard for assessment of proteinuria. This study was undertaken to determine whether an 8hour & 12hour protein estimation correlated with that of a formal 24hour collection. The study population included 65 pregnant women over 20 weeks gestation with hypertension admitted for assessment of proteinuria in Bandar Abbas Dr. Ali Shariati hospital. Urine samples were collected over 24hours with the first 8hours, next 4 hours, and remaining 12 hours collected in separate containers. The urine volume, and total protein levels were measured in the 8, 12, and 24 hours samples and compared each other. Of 65 patients 35 had no proteinuria, 27 had mild proteinuria and 2 had severe proteinuria. 8 hour sample predicted significant proteinuria with sensitivity of %63, specificity of %91 positive predictive value of %86 and negative predicative value of %82. Total protein values for 8 and especially 12hour sample correlate positively with values of 24hour sample for patients with proteinuria.

[Minoo Rajaei, Parvaneh Pazouky, Maryam Azizi Kutenaee, Laila Haghani, Pouneh Nekouei, Mitra Ahmad Soltani, Soghra Fallahi. Use of 8-hour and 12-hour Urine Sample for Prediction of Significant Proteinuria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):406-408] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.61

 

Keywords: Pregnancy, Proteinuria, Preeclampsia

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Some aspects of chemical procedures & application trends of polyaniline as an intrinsically conductive polymer

 

Alireza Valipour1, Peyman Najafi Moghaddam 2, Bakhtiyar A. Mammedov 3

 

1. Technical institute of Urmia Shahid Beheshti faculty, Technical & Vocational University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran

2. Department chemistry, Science faculty, Urmia University, Urmia – Iran

3. Institute of polymer materials of AMEA

 

Abstract: Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have been studied extensively due to their intriguing electronic and redox properties and numerous potential applications. Polyaniline, its derivatives and composites has been recognized as ICPs. These polymers are attractive materials owing to good stabilities, easy synthesis, desirable conductivity; exhibits extraordinary electronic properties. Because of this; they finds a wide variety of applications such as electromagnetic, interference shielding, energy storage, catalysis, chemical sensing, biochemistry, smart clothing, corrosion devices and microwave absorption industries. However, it is inherently brittle and poor in processability; To improve these restrictions and extend it functions, the fabrication of it advanced composites has attracted a great deal of attention & various procedures have been adapted. The scaled–up assays in this area, offers a wide scope of scattered literatures frequently utilized for “experts in the field”. Assembling this ill–matched data was the main purpose our ventures in this article. Scince; Assays, gaps, particular themes in other papers overall assessed; aligned in this review article & outlined in sub–topics such as fundamental concepts, engaging procedures, improvement methods and application trends for emerge literature approvable in advanced science & educational journals.

[Alireza Valipour, Peyman Najafi Moghaddam, Bakhtiyar A. Mammedov. Some aspects of chemical procedures & application trends of polyaniline as an intrinsically conductive polymer. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):409-421] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.62

 

Keywords: polyaniline, inherently conductive polymers, doping, processability, composites

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The Relationship Between A Woman’s Position During Labor And The Level Of Feeling Pain In The Active Phase Of Labor

 

Dousti Rana

 

Department of midwifery of Urmia University - Midwifery - Orumieh - Iran-

 

Abstract: Many pregnant women worry about labor pain and they are mostly willing to perform cesarean delivery. Nowadays many pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to reduce labor pain. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of changing a woman’s position in the active phase of labor on the level of feeling pain during the delivery. This clinical trial was performed on 400 pregnant women in the active phase of labor who were selected according to the purposive sampling method. Samples were asked to fill out the questionnaire and personal questions, after that they placed in a sitting position and then after 15 minutes they changed their position and placed in a supine position. Changing the position iterated every 15 minutes and the level of pain in lower back and abdomen were determined by a pain ruler and finally the results were recorded. Data were analyzed through independent T-test and Chi-square.The majority of women who were in sitting position had lower abdominal pain rather than who were in supine position and changing the position from sitting to supine intensified the pain more than before. There is a significant relationship between a woman’s position during labor and the level of feeling pain in lower back and abdomen in the active phase of labor (p=0/000). Sitting position can reduce lower back pain and also lower abdominal pain; it can also change the level of severe pain into the moderate one and the level of moderate pain into the mild one in the active phase of labor.

[Dousti Rana. The Relationship Between A Woman’s Position During Labor And The Level Of Feeling Pain In The Active Phase Of Labor. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):422-425] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.63

 

Keywords: Sitting Position; Supine Position; Labor Pain

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Analyzing the Roots of Mystical Morality and Its Application in the Modern Societies

 

Hassan Davoodi

 

PhD Mystical philosophic student of Tajikistan science Academic

Davoodih@ymail.com

 

Abstract: In analyzing the issue raised, first the mood, morality and mystical morality were defined, and the Islamic and non-Islamic roots of asceticism, and mysticism were studied. Then, the reasons for developing the mystical morality, including anti oppression, introspection, popularity, political power and the equality of the morality with the mysticism, and the asceticism foundation were considered. Then, through comparing the specifications of this morality and the needs of the modern societies, it was found out that the mystical morality (with roots in asceticism and mysticism) is able to solve the spiritual problems and the ethical needs of the societies. Moreover, it was explained that the specification of tolerance and intolerance against the strictness of the religion methods is regarded as the superiority of the mystical morality.

[Hassan Davoodi. Analyzing the Roots of Mystical Morality and Its Application in the Modern Societies. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):426-434] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.64

 

Keywords: morality, mysticism, asceticism, Islam, religions, jurists

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The Perfecting of Product Distribution Management; Supply Chain Demand Approach

 

Yadollah Nemati (corresponding author)

Pasargadae Institute, Shiraz, Iran

www.pasargad-ihe.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The distribution process includes, beside the transport of the products, the operations of purchasing, of consignment, of concession, of depositing and storage and a lot of other commercial operations. The aim of this paper is introduce a model for supply chain demand. Also, this paper investigated the role and the status of the transport system in the distribution management.

[Yadollah Nemati. The Perfecting of Product Distribution Management; Supply Chain Demand Approach. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):435-441] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.65

 

Keywords: Product Distribution Management, Supply Chain Demand

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A case study on grade 8 municipals of Fars Province1

 

Masoud shahsavani, Hassan Soltani, Narges Samadpoor

 

Department of Management, Neyriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyriz, Iran

shahsavan_2@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The present study aims to review the impact of internal marketing on customer orientation in the grade 8 municipalities in Fars. Within the proposed research model, the effect of customer orientation as an exogenous variable on three variables of internal marketing, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment was studied and then Indirect effect of internal marketing on customer orientation and organizational commitment was surveyed. This study was a descriptive-survey research. Statistic population included employees of grade 8 municipalities in Fars Province forming a sample of 153. As the simultaneous effect of multiple independent and dependent variables was supposed to be measured, structural equations method (Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations) using the Lisrel software was applied to analyze the data and test the hypotheses in the present study. The results of this study indicated that internal marketing affects customer orientation. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between internal marketing with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and hypotheses about the impact of job satisfaction on customer orientation and organizational commitment were confirmed. But the impact of organizational commitment on customer orientation was not confirmed. Finally, indirect impact of internal marketing on customer orientation and organizational commitment through job satisfaction was confirmed, but indirect impact of internal marketing on customer orientation through organizational commitment was not confirmed. In addition to direct effects of these variables, their indirect impact on each other was also measured.

[Masoud shahsavani, Hassan Soltani, Narges Samadpoor. A case study on grade 8 municipals of Fars Province. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):442-446] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.66

 

Keywords: Internal marketing; Job satisfaction; Organizational commitment; Customer orientation

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Investors Behaviour and Information Asymmetry: an Experimental Research in Iran

 

Ghodratollah Talebnia; Zahra Poorzamani; Ahmad Yaghoobnezhad; Ali Bayat

 

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989123360370 E- mails: GH_Talebnia@yahoo.com

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989123502196 E- mails: zpoorzamani@yahoo.com

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989121138500 E- mails: yaghoob_acc@yahoo.com

 (Corresponding author)

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989127413313 E- mails: Ali.Bayat22@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Voluntary disclosure reduces information asymmetry between investors and stakeholders. In this study, to evaluate different decision-making styles, a cognitive and behavioural model is used. The field of this research are in the Processing "Brunswick Leans Model" is placed in behavioural accounting. This research uses a quasi-experimental method. The research is conducted in 2012 in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE.). For purposes of this study, an Experimental group (176 respondents) and a control group (158 respondents) in is divided into four new ones, which represent the four dominant styles of decision-making, namely directive, analytical, conceptual, and behavioural. As an addition, investors are divided according to their brains’ dominant style of decision-making and cognitive complexity so that uncertainties about the tolerance level are classified. Evidence shows that those who have their left brain as more dominant are likely to use more items, on average, to process information. As an addition, Behavioural decision-making style uses lowest items to process information than other styles. Indeed, the results show that all styles in the Experimental group have less information asymmetry than the control group. These findings support the voluntary disclosure of information by companies to reduce the level of information asymmetry that the market offers.

[Ghodratollah Talebnia; Zahra Poorzamani; Ahmad Yaghoobnezhad; Ali Bayat. Investors Behaviour and Information Asymmetry: an Experimental Research in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):447-457] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.67

 

Keywords: Voluntary disclosure, decision styles, lens processing model, information Asymmetry

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Nerve Conduction Velocity of Sciatic Nerve in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats: Effect of Corn Oil and Omega 3 Fatty Acids Supplement

 

Laila Ahmed El sayed, Samah Elattar, and Nashwa Eltablawy

 

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

omarattar1993@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a major susceptibility factor leading to the development of various conditions of the metabolic syndrome. In obese rats, slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity was observed. Fatty acids metabolism disturbance is very important in the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this work is to consider the role that balanced diets high in omega 6&9 PUFA (corn oil) or supplying rats with omega 3, play in modulating the impaired nerve function in obese rats. Methods: Thirty two adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to receive normal chow (NC) (n=8) or high fat diet HFD (n=24), for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, body weight and body mass index(BMI) were measured and the NC group(n=8) continue their normal chow diet, Group 1 (NC) and served as a control group and the obese rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 8 rats each: Group 2: Ob + HFD group, they continue their high animal fat diet, Group 3: Ob+HFD + corn oil group, they are obese rats received high fat diet containing corn oil and Group 4: Ob + HFD + Omega 3 group, they are obese rats, fed high animal fat diet supplemented with omega 3 (0.4 g/kg) daily. After five weeks, the final body weight was measured and BMI was calculated and blood samples were collected for measuring fasting plasma glucose level, insulin level and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) test were evaluated. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs) were measured. The rats were then killed and sciatic nerves were carefully dissected for measuring the nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were estimated in the nerve tissue of the 4 groups. Results: The results of this study showed a significant increase of body weight (gm) and BMI (kg/m2) in high fat diet group (p< 0.05) after 12weeks of the start of the diet when compared to the control group (NC). There were significant elevations in the final weight (gm) and BMI (kg/m2), a significant elevation in insulin level (µIU/l) and HOMA-IR test, a significant increase in nerve malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) (m/s) after 5weeks of high fat diet in (Ob+HFD) group, when compared to NC group. Changing diet composition for 5weeks in Ob+ HFD+corn oil and Ob+HFD+omega 3 groups, did not induce any significant variation in body weight, BMI, or fasting blood glucose level as compared to Ob+HFD group. Insulin level (µIU/l) and HOMA-IR test were significantly decreased in Ob+ HFD+corn oil and Ob+HFD+omega 3 groups compared to Ob+HFD group. Plasma cholesterol levels (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), and free fatty acids (FFA) (mmol/l) were significantly decreased after 5weeks diet in Ob+ HFD+corn oil or Ob+HFD+ Omega 3 groups when compared to mean values of Ob+HFD group. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were significantly decreased but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased in Ob+HFD+corn oil and Ob+HFD+omega3 groups compared to Ob+HFD. NCV(m/s) in Ob+HFD+ corn oil group was significantly increased compared to Ob+ HFD and their values in Ob+HFD+ corn oil group showed no significant variation as compared to NC group. While there was a significant increase in NCV in Ob+ HFD+Omega 3 group as compared to Ob+ HFD group, there was still a significant decrease compared to NC group. Conclusion: The results of this study may have important clinical and speculative implications. Corn oil or omega 3 supplementation may be effective in obesity induced neuropathy. The mechanism of their effects is multifactorial including improving insulin sensitivity, correction of dyslipdemia, reducing oxidative stress and an anti-inflammatory effect. This possibility should be carefully considered and examined in future trials of essential fatty acid supplementation.

[Laila Ahmed El sayed, Samah Elattar, and Nashwa Eltablawy. Nerve Conduction Velocity of Sciatic Nerve in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats: Effect of Corn Oil and Omega 3 Fatty Acids Supplement. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):458-471] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.68

 

Key words: nerve conduction velocity, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, corn oil, omega3, insulin resistance.

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Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 1: Gas Reservoirs

 

Muhammad Khurram Zahoor1,*, Azam Khan1

 

1Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: mkzahoor@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Well testing is of great importance in petroleum engineering, to have a kind of firsthand knowledge and estimating formation permeability, wellbore damage/ skin, etc. These parameters are further required to estimate production rate from a well and at the same time gives an idea of its productivity. These reservoir related parameters calculation is strongly dependent on formation thickness. Any uncertainty in formation thickness leads to ambiguous results, which in turn influences further reservoir development studies. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of such uncertainties and highlighting their effect on the resulting estimations, while considering cases of gas, oil and multiphase flow reservoirs one by one. The obtained results in case of gas reservoir shows that uncertainty in formation thickness has strong influence on well test estimated data.

[Zahoor M. K., Khan A. Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 1: Gas Reservoirs. Life Sci J 2012:9(4):472-474] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.69

 

Keywords: Gas reservoir testing; thickness uncertainty; payzone uncertainty

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Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 2: Oil Reservoirs

 

Muhammad Khurram Zahoor1,*, Azam Khan1

 

1Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: mkzahoor@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Formation thickness is of vital significance in estimating different reservoir parameters in oil reservoirs. Any error or uncertainty in formation thickness can contribute as tremendous source of error while estimating different parameters based on well testing, like, permeability, radius of investigation, etc. In this second part of the study, a pressure-buildup test has been analyzed, while incorporating the uncertainties in formation thickness. The effect of these uncertainties has been included in different calculations like, permeability, skin-factor, radius of investigation, wellbore storage, etc. The results show that the uncertainty in formation thickness affects all the aforementioned parameters, though the degree of influence can be different.

[Zahoor M. K., Khan A. Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 2: Oil Reservoirs. Life Sci J 2012:9(4):475-477] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.70

 

Keywords: Oil reservoir; interpretation uncertainty; uncertainty impact

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Error Generated due to Inaccuracy in Payzone Thickness While Interpreting Multiphase Flow Buildup

Well Test Data

Muhammad Khurram Zahoor1,*, Azam Khan1

1Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

1,*mkzahoor@yahoo.com, 1engr_azam@hotmail.com

Abstract: While performing reservoir related studies either conducted by an engineer or a production geologist, one have to deal with number of uncertainties arising from different sources based on the manner by which different properties required to be used as an input while evaluating buildup well test data. Out of the required input parameters, payzone thickness have a kind of key significance, as most of the well test estimated data is directly or either indirectly depend on it. Most of the petroleum reservoirs have multiphase flow, so in this study buildup test data for multiphase flow have been analyzed while incorporating the payzone thickness uncertainty.

[Zahoor M. K., Khan A. Error Generated due to Inaccuracy in Payzone Thickness While Interpreting Multiphase Flow Buildup Well Test Data. Life Sci. J 2012:9(4):478-479] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.71

 

 Keywords: multiphase fluid reservoir; multiphase well test data; payzone uncertainty

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Water Quality Assessment of Taleghan River

 

Hamid Reza Sharif Vaghefi1, Amir Hajiali2, Farzam Shaybani3

 

1. Department of Environmental Yerevan State University, Armenia

2. Department of chemistry Yerevan State University, Armenia

3.Department of Environmental management,Tehran university, Iran

sharifvaghefi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: There are several factors influencing the water quality based on its usage. The quality of drinking water is of the vital concern for human health and life. An essential attempt has to be done to develop a water quality index (WQI) corresponding with different conditions and characteristics of the relevant river or water body such as geographical, hydrological, discharge rate and pollution sources. The index is not specifically focused on human health or aquatic life regulations. However, a water index based on some very important parameters can determine a simple indicator of water quality. In the present study, the Taleghan water quality has been evaluated by available NSF water quality index. Subsequently, the nine present NSF parameters’ weights have been changed and modified using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method as well as experts’ opinions in the field in a way to satisfy local conditions. In the newly developed WQI, more weights are given to relation with these parameters it can be said that the factors like dissolved oxygen (Do), fecal coliform (F.c) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) when compared with NSF-WQI.

 [Hamid Reza Sharif Vaghefi, Amir Hajiali, Farzam Shaybani. Water Quality Assessment of Taleghan River.Life Sci J 2012;9(4):480-484] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.72

 

Keywords: Water Quality; NSF Index; Talegan River; Iran

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Comparison of serum calcium, total protein and uric acid levels between hypertensive and healthy pregnant women in an Iranian population

 

Azin Alavi 1, Keramat allah Jahanshahi 1, Samie Karimia 1, Nasim Arabzadea 1, Soghra Fallahi 2

 

1. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shariati hospital, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

2. MS, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

Fallahi_leila@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare serum calcium, total protein, and uric acid levels between hypertensive and healthy pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, 100 healthy and 48 hypertensive pregnant women with singleton pregnancy who were at ≥ 28 weeks of gestation were included and serum calcium, total protein, and uric acid levels were compared between these two groups. Hypertensive group consisted of 28 subjects with mild preeclampsia, 17 with severe preeclampsia. Mean (±SD) serum calcium level was 7.88 (±0.94) mg/dl (range, 6.94-8.82) in hypertensive and 8.28 (±0.77) mg/dl (range, 7.51-9.05) in control group (P = 0.01). Mean (±SD) serum total protein level was 6.023 (±0.91) gr (range, 5.32-7.14) in hypertensive and 6.13±0.77 (5.36-6.9) in control group (P > 0.05). Mean (±SD) level of serum uric acid was 5.32 (±1.41) mg/dl (range, 3.91-6.73) in hypertensive and 4.55 (±1.14) mg/dl (range, 3.41-5.09) in control group (P = 0.001). Mean serum Ca level was significantly lower in hypertensive pregnant women in comparison with healthy ones. Considering this factor in prenatal care is important.

[Azin Alavi, Keramat allah Jahanshahi, Samie Karimia, Nasim Arabzadea, Soghra Fallahi. Comparison of serum calcium, total protein and uric acid levels between hypertensive and healthy pregnant women in an Iranian population. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):485-488] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.73

 

Keywords: Calcium; Uric acid; Pregnancy; Hypertensive disorder

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FACTS devices stabilizer design by using Genetic Algorithms

 

Ali Zarei1, Kayvan Karimi Tarazani2, Negin Zarei3, Yousef Katal4

 

1, 2, 3, 4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Ali_Zarei @yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Stability of power system is an important issue and should be considered and improved. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) can be used to improve power system stability. Stability enhancement can be improved via damping of low frequency oscillations (LFO). Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) can be used for LFO damping. In this paper SSSC is used to damp out LFO and a supplementary stabilizer based on SSSC is designed. Genetic Algorithms (GA) is used to adjust the parameters of the proposed stabilizer.

[Ali Zarei, Kayvan Karimi Tarazani, Negin Zarei, Yousef Katal. FACTS devices stabilizer design by using Genetic Algorithms. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):489-492] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.74

 

Keywords: Low Frequency Oscillations, Static Synchronous Series Compensator, Supplementary Stabilizer, Genetic Algorithms

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Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and sedimentary environment of of the Oligo-Miocene sequence (Asmari Formation) in Chidan area, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran

 

Narges Monjezi1٭, Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi2, Mohsen Davoudi Nezhad3

 

1Empirical sciences Department,Islamic Azad University Dezful Branch, Dezful, Iran.

 2Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran.

 3National Iranian drilling Company, Ahwaz, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Narges Monjezi

 

Abstract: The foraminifers biostratigraphic study in Chidan area led to recognition of 2 biozones, In this study, eight different microfacies types have been recognized. These carbonate microfacies belonging to: open marine (A), bar/shoal (B), lagoon (C) and tidal flat (D). The depositional environment of the Asmari Formation is interpreted as a shallow carbonate ramp.

[Narges Monjezi, Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi, Mohsen Davoudi Nezhad. Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and sedimentary environment of of the Oligo-Miocene sequence (Asmari Formation) in Chidan area, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):493-503] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.75

 

Key words: Asmari Formation; Zagros; Chidan; Gachsaran; Pabdeh; Zagros; Iran

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Investigation of the Parameters of EDM Process Performed on Smart NiTi Alloy Using Graphite Tools

 

Hamid Reza Sabouni1, Saeed Daneshmand2

 

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sabouni@iaukhsh.ac.ir and s.daneshmand@iaumajlesi.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are types of Smart Materials (SMs) which are used in many industries nowadays. The high hardness value and the intelligence of these alloys have made the traditional machining processes not cost effective or incapable of machining ability these metals. The NiTi alloy is one of the SMAs, which are used in aerospace and medical industries. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a known method for the machining of shape memory alloys. In this research, the effect of input parameters of electrical discharge machining including the voltage (V), discharge current (A), pulse-ON-duration (μs), pulse-OFF-duration (μs), tool material and the dielectric on the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate and surface roughness has been investigated for NiTi alloy. Graphite tools and de-ionized water have been used for the machining operation, and the Taguchi’s method, LI8 orthogonal array and the ‘Minitab R.16.1.1’ software have been employed for the design of experiment. The results indicate that with the increase of discharge current, the tool wear, material removal rate and surface roughness increase. The increase of voltage causes the reduction of tool wear and material removal rate, but it has little effect on surface roughness. With the increase of pulse-ON-duration, the surface roughness increases and the material removal rate diminishes. Also the increase of pulse-OFF-duration, up to a certain time, leads to the increase of material removal rate and tool wear rate (TWR) and the reduction of surface roughness.

 [Sabouni H.R, Daneshmand S. Investigation of the parameters of EDM process performed on smart NiTi alloy using graphite tools. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):504-510] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.76

 

Keywords: Electrical discharge machining; Shape memory alloys; Smart material; Graphite tool; Material removal rate; Tool wear rate

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Environmental management accounting with an emphasis on it cost

 

Issa Heidari

 

Department of Accounting, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

Heidariisa@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Although environmental costs are only one of the many costs incurred by businesses, they deserve management’s attention. For companies in the service sector with office environments, better insight into environmental costs can lead to them being reduced while environmental performance is improved with costs being offset through the recycling or sale of waste and improved costing of services It will also help with the justification of environmental improvement initiatives, and support of a company’s environmental policy, management system or data collection for public reporting. Environmental management accounting can be used as a tool to reap these benefits, and refers to “the process of identifying, collecting and analyzing information about the environmental costs and performance to help an organization’s decision making.”

[Issa Heidari. Environmental management accounting with an emphasis on it cost. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):511-517] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.77

 

KEY WORLDS: environmental management, accounting management, cost management

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Detection of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing Bacilli and Characterization of phaC Synthase of Bacillus sp. SW1-2

 

Mahmoud M. Berekaa1,2*

 

1Environmental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dammam University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

2Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Maharam Bek, Alexandria, Egypt

Email: Berekaa2005@yahoo.com; Tel: 002-03 3922316; Fax: 002-03 3911794

 

Abstract: AAbstract: Group of bacilli phenotypically screened for synthesis and intracellular accumulation of PHAs granules by the use of Sudan black B stain, eight strains were detected. Pair of specific PCR primer was designed and applied for genotypic detection of phaC synthase gene. Approximately, 760 bp DNA fragment was successfully amplified in the eight strains. Among the positive strains, Bacillus sp SW1-2, produced 40 g/L of the biopolymer during growth on modified E2 medium supplemented with glucose after 36 h. Spectroscopic analysis by C13 NMR and H1 NMR revealed four narrow peaks (lines) (CH3; 21.2 ppm, CH2; 42.7, CH; 68.5 and C=O; 169.7 ppm) and 3 groups of signals (2.45, 2.58 and 5.2 ppm) were identical and characteristic to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB); respectively. Furthermore, the amplied PCR fragment, from genomic DNA of Bacillus sp SW1-2, was cloned in pGEM-T-Easy vector and sequenced with the universal T7 and SP6 primers. It showed 99% identity to phaC gene for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase of many B. megaterium strains deposited in Genbank. While showed 73% and 72% identity to synthases of Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus sp. INT005, respectively.

[Mahmoud M. Berekaa. Detection of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing Bacilli and Characterization of phaC Synthase of Bacillus sp. SW1-2. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):518-529] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.78

 

Keywords: Polyhydroxybutyrate, genotypic, Bacillus megaterium, phaC synthase, NMR

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Evaluation of the efficiency of Restaurants using DEA Method (the case of Iran)

 

1*Davood Gharakhani, 2Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, 3 Sajjad Jalalifar

 

1*Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com

2Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran Email:a_pourghafar@yahoo.com

3Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and ranking of 15 Restaurants in Iran, paying attention to efficiency improvement using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The model considers three inputs (monthly working hours, branch area (square meters), and years of experience as manager) and two outputs (monthly number of customers who bought something from the branch, and monthly sales in USD). The results indicate that data envelopment analysis is a Useful tool to evaluate the efficiency of Restaurants. Moreover, the results show that Noor restaurant and Nemoone restaurant is the most efficient restaurants Compared to other restaurants. Restaurants or other service providers should find this alternative DEA model helpful and more flexible in re-examining their resource utilization and possibly reshuffling their resource pool.

[Davood Gharakhani, Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, Sajjad Jalalifar. Evaluation of the efficiency of Restaurants using DEA Method (the case of Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):530-534] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.79

 

Keywords: Efficiency, Evaluation‚ Restaurant, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

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Phenomenology of Scientific Board’s Views about Electronic Learning

 

Ghassem Abedi1, Farideh Rostami2, Rezaali Mohammadpor1, Abdolazim Nejatizadeh3, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari4, Hamid Reza Miri4, Nasrin Tayyari5, Ali Alizadeh5*

 

1Health sciences research center, Faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

2Health sciences research center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

3Research &Technology Department, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

4Trauma &Emergency Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

5 Educaion Department, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

*Corresponding author: Ali Alizadeh, PhD

Depasrtment of Education, Hormozgan Unievrsity of Medical Sciences; Tel: 3335013

Email: alizadeh266@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Increased availability of appropriate software and hardware has built a new horizon in educational institutions in order to facilitate electronic learning, especially the development of global web net. Importance of this problem in medical sciences which is associated with human life is twice. Hence the aim of this study was phenomenology of scientific board’s views about electronic learning in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.In this descriptive study 40 scientific board members of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. The method was based on goal and information was collected on basis of deep and semi-structured personal interview, and encoded and analyzed with Smith method. The results were grouped in 5 clusters and 15 groups. The main extracted cluster included: information, public facilities, availability, organization, language and comment evaluation. According to some advantages of electronic learning, there is no doubt about necessity of electronic learning. But the most concern in using electronic learning is expressed in aspect of information and public facilities, availability and comment evaluation that prompt lack of tendency and affinity of scientific boards in using this method, mentioning that adaption of some existing processes in world and using other countries experiences in achieving the most comprehensive model in university from Educational Development Center is unavailable. (Abstract truncated at 212 words).

[Ghassem Abedi, Farideh Rostami, RezaaliMohammadpor, Abdolazim Nejatizadeh, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari, Hamid Reza Miri, Nasrin Tayyari, Ali Alizadeh. Phenomenology of Scientific Board’s Views about Electronic Learning. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):535-539] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.80

 

Keywords: phenomenology, view, scientific boards, electronic learning

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Ratings of Iranian Cement Companies Based on Financial Ratio Analysis

 

Issa Heidari

 

Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

Heidarissa@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This research discusses Ratings of Iranian cement companies according to the analysis of their financial information. In this grading, it was determined how successful is the management of companies. In fact, Ratings companies is classifying them based on the ability of managers to maintain profitability of companies. In today’s competitive world in which the most important issue is survival of organizations, managers are required to adopt appropriate strategies through studying market and competitors accurately. This way, they would be helpful for the organization like an accurate and planned program. The grade, which is allocated to a company, may be related to different factors; however, In this research, we have analyzed financial ratios and determined the grade and position of every 23 cement companies of Islamic Republic of Iran on profitability and determined their management level.

[Issa Heidari. Ratings of Iranian Cement Companies Based on Financial Ratio Analysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):540-544] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.81

 

Keywords: Ratings, profitability, competitive, management level, financial ratios

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Management Accounting and its Role in Organizations

 

Issa Heidari

 

Shushter Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran

Heidariisa@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this study, the role and importance of management accounting in organizations in achieving the organizational goals has been discussed. Management accounting in the world has enjoyed a rapid growth and dynamics and has regularly presented new intellectual products to the managers and leaders of the organizations. In addition, management accounting, as new business knowledge, can help the managers in successful interactions with one another with a variable environment through providing information. Managers in both profit and nonprofit organizations have an interaction with their own management accounting system. Sometimes, a manager uses the management accounting system for planning and decision making and in some other times, this system measures the performance and affects the managers’ behavior. Management accounting system is considered as a source of information for making planning decisions and at the same time it is considered as a part of control system of an organization. Management accounting helps to create value in an organization through improving decision making process and control of organizational members.

[Issa Heidari. Management Accounting and its Role in Organizations Life Sci J 2012;9(4):545-550] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.82

 

Key words: management accounting, cost management, Development, Organization

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Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) to Measure Inefficiency in Food Industries of Iran

 

Ahmad Afrooz

 

 Economics Department of Payam-e Noor University, Iran, & Payam-E Noor University Sirjan.

aaffzz88@yahoo.com,

 

Abstract: The food industries in Iran is widely recognized as a 'sunrise industry', with a huge potential for uplifting the agricultural economy, creating large scale processed food manufacturing and food chain facilities and resulting in the generation of employment and export earnings. Due to the importance of Food Industries in Iran this paper estimated and investigated the efficiency in this industry. The stochastic frontier approach is applied. The result showed that the measure of the average technical inefficiency of the Iranian food industries was 26%. In other words, the food industries of Iran are only 74% technically efficient. The important factors that affect on efficiency in food industries of Iran are Education (ED), skilled (SK), specialization (SP) and workers insurance (IN). All the factors have the expected significance values and are consistent with theory.

[Ahmad Afrooz. Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) to Measure Inefficiency in Food Industries of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):551-555] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.83

 

Keywords: Technical Efficiency (TEF); Technical Inefficiency (TINEF); Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA); Food Industries (FI).

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Approach Based on Motivation Theories

 

Hamid Taboli

 

Department of Management studies, Payam-E Noor University, I.R.Iran.

& Payam-E Noor University Kerman. htaboli@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Motivation theories and their application constitute one of the broadest issues among researchers of organizational behaviour of which motivation is the most fundamental issue.Therefore, in this paper, four new theories of motivation are studied to explain the effects of these theories in organizations. The results show that applying these theories in the organization improves employee performance and job satisfaction, and that using these theories, can be justified, the rate of productivity, absenteeism and staff mobility, in the use and application of these theories needs to be carefully because the only motivating factor in the break back, will not be enough to boost performance. These theories are three needs theory, equity theory, expectancy theory and attribution theory.

[Hamid Taboli. Approach Based on Motivation Theories. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):556-560] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.84

 

Keywords: Three needs theory, equity theory, expectancy theory, attribution theory, productivity, satisfaction

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The Survey Relationship between Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions from Viewpoint of Customers in Arak Private Bank Branches

 

Yones Rasoul Dasht, Alireza Fazli

 

[1],2 Department of Management and Accounting, Boukan Branch, Islamic Azad University,Boukan, Iran

yonesrasoldasht_1980@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: One of the biggest contemporary challenges of management in service industries is providing and maintaining customer satisfaction. Service quality and customer satisfaction have increasingly been identified as key factors in the battle for competitive differentiation and customer retention. Service quality brings many advantages to the company. It allows the company to differentiate itself from its competitors by increasing sales and market shares, providing opportunities for cross-selling, improving customer relations and thus, enhancing the corporate image. It results in the satisfaction and retention of customers and employees, thus reducing turnover rates. The purpose of this research is to survey relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral intention in the private banks, to measure service quality we used an adaptation of the SERVQUAL scale. To test hypothesis used structural equation models and LISREL Software. Finally second and third hypothesis are accepted also research results suggest that dominant dimensions of Service Quality in the Private Bank Are: 1) Responsiveness., 2) Knowledge., 3) Tangibles and 4) Recovery.

[Yones Rasoul Dasht, Alireza Fazli. The Survey Relationship between Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions from Viewpoint of Customers in Arak Private Bank Branches. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):561-566] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.85

 

Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Behavioral Intentions

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Synthesis of some medicinal and biological active (E)-2-arylidine-4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl)phenylamino)butanoic acids and (E)-4-(3-arylidene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides

 

Boshra M. Awad,* Shadia M. Abdallah, Halima A. Hefny, Mervat H. Abdou, Fatehia I. Abd-Elmonem and Noura A. Abd-Elmonem

 

Chemistry Department, University College of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis-11341, Cairo, Egypt

boshra_awad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Microwave irradiation of anhydride (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione 1 gives with N-aryl-4-aminobenzenesulfonamides (a and d) separable mixtures of (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl)phenylamino)butanoic acids 3 and 6, and (E)-4-(3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides 10 and 13, respectively. Also anhydride (E)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione 2 gives with amines (a, b, d, and g), separable mixtures of (E)-2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)- 4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl) phenylamino) butanoic acids 16, 17, 19 and 22, and (E)-4-(3- (benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-aryl-benzenesulfonamides 23, 24, 26, and 28, respectively. On the other hand, reaction of 1 with amines (b, c, e, and g) gives benzenesulfonamides 11, 12, 14, and 15, whereas compound 2 gives with amines (c and e) the corresponding benzenesulfonamides 25 and 27, as only products. Compounds 1 and 2 give, either in presence or absence of solvent DMF, with amine (f) the corresponding butanoic acids 8 and 21, respectively. Microwave irradiation of (g) with 1 gives benzenesulfonamide 15 as an only product, whereas with 2, it gives a separable mixture of 22 and 28, whereas in DMF, it gives compound 28 as an only product. Reaction of 1 and 2 with (a-g) using the conventional thermal heating technique, gives the corresponding butanoic acid derivatives 3-7, 9 and 16-20, 22, respectively.

Trials to react 1 and 2 with (f) were unsuccessful. The structural formulas of the products obtained 3-28 were assigned by their spectral analysis. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of some prepared compounds have been studied and reported.

[Boshra M. Awad, Shadia M. Abdallah, Halima A. Hefny, Mervat H. Abdou, Fatehia I. Abd-Elmonem and Noura A. Abd-Elmomem. Synthesis of some medicinal and biological active (E)-2-arylidine-4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl)phenylamino)butanoic acids and (E)-4-(3-arylidene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):567-577] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.86

 

Keywords: Microwave irradiation, butanoic acids, arylbenzenesulfonamides, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities

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Length of trauma patients’ stay in imam Reza hospital as a tertiary center of Trauma and effective factor such as Routine Trauma X-rays

 

Alireza Aala1, Sajjad Ahmadi1, Samad Shams Vahdati1, Ali Jannati2, Hesam Rahmani1, Ali Taghizadie1, Payman Mohramzadeh1, Mahbob Poraghayi1, Hamidreza Morteza Beigi1, Vahid Dehghan Manshadi 3 

 

1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. School of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

dr-dehqan@yahoo.com 

 

Abstract: Emergency department is the first place that medical team gets contact with the patient. In order to have higher standards in traumatic patient care, continuous quality control is an essence and time is an important factor for this perspective in emergency department. Current study evaluates management of traumatic patients visiting emergency department (ED) in Imam Reza hospital by assessing length of stay and its effective factors such as Routine Trauma X-rays. Between April and December 2011, 300 traumatic patients visiting emergency department, Imam Reza hospital were randomly studied. Time needed to perform the routine trauma x-rays (lateral cervical vertebra, AP chest and AP pelvis radiographies), and the length of stay (LOS) in the ED were recorded. Mean physician and nurse first visit was 7.93±0.47 and 11.91±9.38 minutes, respectively. X-rays in was performed within 70.30±53.08 minutes. Mean surgery and neurosurgery visits were obtained within 37.40±3.16 minutes and 33.48±2.10minutes, respectively. The average LOS in the ED was 404±238.51 minutes. There was no significant difference in LOS in the ED according to age, gender and trauma severity. Total ED stay of trauma patients in our ED was found to be significantly longer than other advanced centers. Structural improvement of emergency department and diagnostic modalities availability could reduce LOS in ED.

[Alireza Ala, Sajjad Ahmadi, Samad Shams Vahdati, Ali Jannati, Hesam Rahmani, Ali Taghizadie, Payman Mohramzadeh, Mahbob Poraghayi, Hamidreza Morteza Beigi, Vahid Dehghan Manshadi. Length of trauma patients’ stay in imam Reza hospital as a tertiary center of Trauma and effective factor such as Routine Trauma X-rays. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):578-582] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.87

 

Keywords: Emergency department; Trauma; Trauma management

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Study on uterine artery blood flow in myomatous uterus

 

Fatemeh Ghaterh Samani1, Roghaieh Jabbary2, Sepehr Taghizadeh 3

 

1. Assistant professor of Radiology, Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. Rdiologist, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Infectious and Tropical disease research center, Infectious diseases department, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

s_taghizadeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Leiomyomas constitute the most common female pelvic tumor, becoming increasingly prevalent with age. Although transabdominal ultrasound is usually used for observation of the large uterine tumors outside the focal zone of the transvaginal transducer, but transvaginal ultrasound is the standard imaging modality for this purpose. Recently with introduction of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography some studies have been performed on uterine artery blood flow in myomatous uterins, however these studies are scanty. Our object in this study is the determination of probable particular effects of leiomyoma on blood flow in uterine arteries. In this cross sectional study 50 women with myomatous uterine and 50 healthy volunteer woman were enrolled in the study. Transvaginal color Doppler was used for observation of uterine arteries and vascularity of myomas. The mean uterine volume was significantly lower in control group (97.00 ± 37.71 cm3) than in cases (3S1.16 ± 222.94 cm3). The mean peak systolic velocity (PSV) was significantly lower in control group (36.42 ± 9.28 cm/s) than in case group (49.34 ± 16.37cm/s). Significant correlation between uterus volume and PSV was not seen in control group but medium positive correlation between mean uterus and mean PSV was seen in case group. Mean pulsatility index (P1) was 1.59 ± 0.36 in case group and 2.40 ± 0.46 in control group. Significant correlation between mean uterus volume and mean pulsatility index (PI) in study group was seen. Mean resistance index (RI) was 0.74 ± 0.19 in case group and 0.85 ± 0.23 in control group. No correlation was found between uterine volume and number of myomas. Only in %34 cases myomas artery was detectable and mean myomas artery RI was 0.57 ± 0.18. We observed significant differences between uterine arterial Doppler indices in patients with myomatous uterins and control group. The presence of myomas result in uterine volume increasing and uterus Volume has significant correlation with PI decreasing. Also PSV has significant correlation with uterine Volume. This significant difference suggests that, we can use serial measurements in duration of treatment in monitoring response to medical treatment.

[Fatemeh Ghaterh Samani, Roghaieh Jabbary, Sepehr Taghizadeh. Study on uterine artery blood flow in myomatous uterus. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):583-586] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.88

 

Keywords: Myomas; Peak Systolic Velocity; Vascular Impedance; Transvaginal Color Doppler Sonography

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InvestigatingThe Effect of Number of Steps on Energy Dissipation of Stepped Spillways Based on the New Design Approach

 

Mohammad Karami

 

Department of Civil Engineering, Dehloran branch, Islamic azad university, Dehaloran, Iran

karami_m1358@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Stepped spillways are hydraulic structures that, because of their significant capacity in energy dissipation, have been widely used by designers. Flow mechanism over them is complex and many investigations have been performed to study that mechanism. The effect of some parameters such as the number of steps in energy dissipation has not been fully investigated. In this study the latest design criteria have been reviewed and then an algorithm has been developed to design the stepped spillways which are based on the effect of number of steps. Results show that the number of steps affects the energy dissipation. With increasing the number of steps energy dissipation increases and then decreases. Thus for specific discharge and spillway slope, the number of steps can be optimized for maximum energy dissipation. By reducing design discharge the optimum number of steps increases. Research work on this subject can be continued in the future and various aspects of the design parameters may be investigated

[Mohammad Karami. InvestigatingThe Effect of Number of Steps on Energy Dissipation of Stepped Spillways Based on the New Design Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):587-592] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.89

 

Keywords: Design discharge, Energy dissipation, Number of steps, Spillway slope.

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The Role of Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor Antibodies in Head and Neck Intermediate Grade Soft Tissue Tumors

 

Amani N. Abd El-Latif1 and Ibrahim M. Zeitoun2

 

 1Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt

2Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt

Amany.noureldin@pua.edu.eg; We­­_as@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: Intermediate soft tissue tumors were included in the new WHO classification of soft tissue tumors. They were addressed as locally aggressive tumors with reports of their recurrence or even malignant transformation. This study was conducted to detect the immunoepxression of Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor in order to predict their potential for malignant transformation. Methods: Twenty three different intermediate soft tissue tumors were included as well as three recurrent cases diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. All lesions were prepared and were subjected to Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor antibodies. Results: From the 26 selected cases, 9 were Juvenile fibromatosis, 5 were haemangiopericytoma. 9 were desmoplastic fibroma 3 of which showed recurrence and were diagnosed as Fibrosarcoma. All cases of jeuvenile fibromatosis, desmoplastic fibroma and fibrosarcoma, showed positive nuclear reaction to Beta Catenin antibody. Cytoplasmic reaction of Platelet Derived Growth Factor antibody were observed in 6 cases of juvenile fibromatosis and 5 cases of desmoplastic fibroma as well as the 3 cases that showed recurrence in the form of fibrosarcoma. Conclusion: Intermediate tumors have a benign clinical course, but their clinical behavior is unpredictable.

[Amani N. Abd El-Latif and Ibrahim M. Zeitoun. The Role of Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor Antibodies in Head and Neck Intermediate Grade Soft Tissue Tumors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):593-596] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.90

 

Keyword: Intermediate soft tissue tumors, Beta Catenin, Platelet Derived Growth Factor

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91

Review Article

Management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC)

 

Ali M. Al-Amri, MD.

 

Department of Internal Medicine/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Address of Correspondence: Dr. Ali M. Al-Amri, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 31952, PO Box 40182, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Telephone 9663896741, E-mail aliamri49@hotmail.com.

 

Abstract: Chemotherapy, so far, of metastatic breast carcinoma is not curative using the currently available chemotherapeutic, hormonal or biologic agents. The treatment of metastatic breast cancer is aimed mainly at alleviation of symptoms rather than cure. The first choice of therapy is dependent on patient age, performance status, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), involvement of the viscera, or enrollment of patients in investigational trials. Combination of chemotherapeutic drugs showed an advantage for survival, tumor response and time to progression, with adverse effects of these agents. It is very important, therefore, to balance between the benefits of treatment and the adverse effects and complication of therapy.

[Ali M. Al-Amri. Management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):597-601] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.91

 

Keywords: chemotherapy, metastatic, HER-2, breast, combination

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Study on infectious causes of hospitalization in intravenous drug users

 

Zhinous Bayatmakoo1, Roshanak Bayatmakoo2, Parviz Saleh3, Sepehr Taghizadeh4

 

1. Research center of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. Department Of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine ,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3. Research center of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4. Infectious and Tropical disease research center, Infectious diseases department, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

s_taghizadeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: To evaluation of common infections in Intravenous drug users (IVDU). In a descriptive-analytical study that performed in Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center of Tabriz form 2001-2011, 64 patients (63 male & one female) with IVDUs and had infectious signs were enrolled in to the study. The mean age of studied patients was 37.05±9.35 years. Heroin was the principle drug consumed by 78.125% of IVDUs. The most common chief complaints of patients were referring to liver biopsy, cough and pain with 21.87%, 20.31% and 20.31%, respectively. The most involved organs were liver (31.25%), lung (25%) and lower extremities (18.75%). Hepatitis 29.68%, skin infections 23.43%, pulmonary infections 21.87%, peripheral vascular infections 15.62%, AIDS 4.68%, endocarditic 1.56%, epididimorchitis 1.56% and drug toxicity 1.56% were the infectious etiologies of hospitalization in IVDUs. The most infections cause of IVDU hospitalization was hepatitis, skin infection and pulmonary infections.

[Zhinous Bayatmakoo, Roshanak Bayatmakoo, Parviz Saleh, Sepehr Taghizadeh. Study on infectious causes of hospitalization in intravenous drug users. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):602-606] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.92

 

Keywords: Intravenous drug users; Drug; Infections

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Evaluation cervical cord changes in the patients with MS and their comparison with vasculitis patients

 

Masoud Nikanfar1, Saeid Charsouei1, Zinat Miabi2, Sheida Sha'afi1,Maziyar Hashemilar1, Mehdi Farhodi1, Ali Asghar Ebrahimi3, Alireza Khabbazi3, Reza Rikhtegar Ghiasi1

 

1. Neuroscience research center (NSRC), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

scharsouei@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis disease (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate cervical cord changes and to determine abnormal cervical cord prevalence in the patients with MS and their comparison with vasculitis patients. In a descriptive-analytic study carried out on 50 patients with MS, 40 patients with vasculitis and 50 people as control group in Tabriz Razi hospital, we studied cervical cord changes and the prevalence of cervical cord abnormalities in the patients with MS and vasculitis. From 50 MS patients, only four people had diffused lesions in spine that were all related to Primary Progressive (P-P) type. From the 22 patients with MS, having spinal symptoms during the study, focal lesions were revealed in the cervical cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of eight people (36.4%) whereas the lesions were found in 28 patients with MS who had no spinal symptoms. Diffused lesions were also found in the cervical cord MRI of four patients (18.2%) who had spinal symptoms whereas the lesions were found in the 28 patients with MS who had no spinal symptoms. There was a meaningful and the reverse relations between EDSS mean and transverse cross-section of cervical cord. In every five patients with MS one patient had demyelinated lesions in cervical spine which was more obvious in progressive types and atrophy degree of cervical spine was more in the patients with P-P and Secondary progressive types compared to the patients with relapsing remitting.

[Nikanfar M, Charsouei S, Miabi Z, Sha'afi SH, Hashemilar M, Farhodi M, Ebrahimi A, Khabbazi A, Rikhtegar Ghiasi R. Evaluation cervical cord changes in the patients with MS and their comparison with vasculitis patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):607-613] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.93

 

Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis;Cervical Cord Changes; Vasculitis; MRI

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[Life Sci J 2012;9(4):614-620] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94

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Examining the relationship between activities (components) of quality management and their impact on quality outputs (case study of industrial estate Company of Kermanshah province)

 

Yousef Jalilian1, Omid Jalilian2 (Corresponding Author), Seyed Reza Hasani3, Hamid Jalilian1, Hossein Jalilian1

 

1- Department of Business Management, Eslamabad-E-Gharb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eslamabad-E-Gharb, Iran

2- Department of Accounting, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

3- Department of Business Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

 

Abstract: This study aimed at determining the relationship between activities (components) of comprehensive quality management and investigating direct and indirect effects of these activities (components) on quality outputs in small and medium industries. The objectives of this study are: 1. creating more understanding and insight about the mentioned variables; 2. determining the priority of the measured variables; 3. determining variables that have the greatest impact on quality outputs in this study; 4. utilizing the results in order to increase quality outputs in small and medium industries; 5. Raising the competitive ability given the importance to the variables, that have greater impact on quality outputs. Thus, some questionnaires were distributed among statistical population of the study which were 186 active small and medium companies located in industrial estates covered by industrial estates company of Kermanshah province in 2010. The studied model assumptions were tested that were the relationship between independent variables of total quality management such as leadership, quality tools and techniques, quality planning, human resource management, customer focus, process management, supplier management, continuous improvement and learning and their influence directly and indirectly on quality outputs using statistical method of structural equations. Findings support the relationship between quality management measures and their positive effect on quality outputs.

[Yousef Jalilian, Omid Jalilian, Seyed Reza Hasani, Hamid Jalilian, Hossein Jalilian. Examining the relationship between activities (components) of quality management and their impact on quality outputs (case study of industrial estate Company of Kermanshah province). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):621-626] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.95

 

Keywords: leadership, continuous improvement, customer-focused, learning, management process, total quality management

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High Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing Paradigm through Single Sign On

 

1Yasir Saleem, 1Muhammad Munwar Iqbal, 2Muhammad Amjad, 1Muhammad Salman Bashir, 1Muhammad Faisal Hayat, 1Muhamamd Farhan, 1Amjad Farooq, 1Abad Ali Shah

 

1 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, UET Lahore, Pakistan

2Electrical Engineering, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

1ysaleem@gmail.com, 2munwariq@gmail.com

 

 

Abstract: Cloud computing is very emerging technology and have economical computation over the current infrastructure. Cloud computing provides the services on the basis of as you pay as you go. Privacy and security is still at top level risk in cloud data management environment. Privacy of the data is affected as cloud users have not fully aware about the location of the data kept on servers. Data segregation is another problem during the storage of data. Identity management is a big issue that is faced by the cloud users. In the research paper we will propose a model to improve the data security and privacy in the cloud environment. Single Sign On uses the different identity management methods to enhance the privacy and security of the cloud users like OAuth, OpenId, and SAML etc. Securing the identity management is very effective method to secure your authorization and access management that makes surety to providing the secure cloud data management environment.

[Yasir Saleem, Muhammad Munwar Iqbal, Muhammad Amjad, Muhammad Salman Bashir, Muhammad Faisal Hayat, Muhamamd Farhan, Amjad Farooq, Abad Ali Shah. High Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing Paradigm through Single Sign On. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):627-636] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 96

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.96

 

Key words: Grid Computing, Utility Computing, Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Cloud Computing

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A Comparison of Output Waveforms of Different Alternating Current Sources and Uninterruptible Power Supplies of Various Brands

 

Abdul Rauf Bhatti1, Abdul Ghafoor Bhatti2, Muhammad Amjad3, Yasir Saleem4, Prof. Dr. Tahir Izhar5, Muhammad Faisal Hayat6

 

1,2Electrical Engineering Department, GC University, Allama Iqbal Road Faisalabad, Pakistan

4,6CSE Department, UET, L-90 Staff Colony UET, G.T. Road, Lahore,

3Electrical Engineering, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

5Electrical Engineering Department, UET, G.T. Road, Lahore,

1bhatti.abdulrauf@gmail.com, 4ysaleem@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Electrical Energy is the lifeline of domestic, industrial, agricultural and approximately every field of life. Generally available appliances at domestic and industrial levels are of Alternating Current (AC) nature that is they operate on Alternating Current. This type of Current can graphically be shown by pure sinusoidal wave. All of the appliances are designed to operate on pure sine wave but most of the electrical energy sources, converters and various types of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) available in the market give the output which is not of pure sinusoidal wave shape and contains harmonics and interharmonics. These harmonics can cause overheating of the devices and many other problems that ultimately damage the device/appliance or at least decrease the life of electrical gadgets. This research is going to evaluate the shapes of these waveforms, their harmonics and then to establish a hierarchy among the sources on the basis of characteristics of their resultant output waveforms. For the purpose mentioned above, a very high range digital oscilloscope with ultra zoom capabilities has been used. It will provide ease to suggest a new buyer of the energy source in setting priority amongst the available alternatives qualitatively.

[Abdul Rauf Bhatti, Yasir Saleem, Muhammad Amjad, Abdul Ghafoor Bhatti, Tahir Izhar, Muhammad Faisal Hayat. A Comparison of Output Waveforms of Different Alternating Current Sources and Uninterruptible Power Supplies of Various Brands. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):637-642] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 97

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.97

 

Keywords: harmonics, interharmonics, UPS, AC power sources, power converters, electrical energy sources

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Population Aging Trend and Necessity of Geriatric Medicine in IRAN.

 

1. Ali Alizadeh *, PhD of Health Education. Department of Education. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

2. Mirza Ali Nazarnejhad, MD. Shahid Mohammadi Clinical Development Research center Department of Research and Technology. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

3. Jahan Pour Ali Pour, PhD of Health Education. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran

4. Gholamali Javidan, PhD of Nutrition. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran

5. Abdolazim Nejatizadeh, MD PhD. Assisstant Professor of Molecular Genetics. Shahid Mohammadi Clinical Development Research center Department of Research and Technology. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

6. Syed Mohamad Moosavi, MD. Associate professor of gasteroenterology. Department of Education. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

7. Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari *, MD. Shahid Mohammadi Clinical Development Research center Department of Research and Technology. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

 

Abstract: As the world population is getting older, health care for elderly becomes important. Distribution of specialties related to elderly health care is highly variable. To assess the distribution of specialties related to elderly and the aged population (i.e. over 65 yrs.) a prospective analytical study was designed from 1999-2009. During this 10 year period ageing process was increasing, initially slow but rapid in the last years. Internists, cardiologists, neuro-psychiatrics, and neurologists in the beginning of period had an increasing trend and declined in the mid-period then had decreasing trends. Orthopedic surgeons were almost increasing in all of the decade.In present, the number of geriatricians are fewer than 10 in the whole country, and health policy should move toward health care providing for elderly. Keeping in mind that aging process is increasing recently, number of specialists and physicians caring for elderly should also increase. (abstract: truncated at: 144 words).

[Ali Alizadeh, Mirza Ali Nazarnejhad, Jahan Pour Ali Pour, Gholamali Javidan, Abdolazim Nejatizadeh, Syed Mohamad Moosavi, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari. Population Aging Trend and Necessity of Geriatric Medicine in IRAN. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):643-648] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 98

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.98

 

Key words: ageing, geriatrics, population

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EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE CROSS TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION

 

Mr S. Arunkumar1 and Dr S. Parimala2

 

1Assistant Professor, Excel Business School, Nammakal-637303, Tamilnadu, India.

2Head Of the Department, School of Management Studies,SNMV Arts and Science college,Coimbatore-641006, Tamilnadu, India

Email: sarunkumar717@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT: Employee retention is the leading problem, which all organizations are now facing in the international aggressive environment. While soaring employee turnover reflects on squat morale and be short of of motivation, entertainingly, seen from a different angle the nonappearance of turnover rapidly results in de-motivation because the opportunity of lateral and forward-motivation is out of action from employees. It is in opposition to human personality to stay static, performing the similar duties day in day out, with no hope of change in regular or opportunities for improvement. Moreover, the routine methods of employee motivation such as financial rewards and perks have been not here at the back in preventing employee turnover. This article reports employee cross training as a significant motivational practice to retain employees, compared to other motivational factors like performance based reward, functioning situation, guidance, perks and perquisites. For this reason a survey was conducted on 100 executives and managers from 20 different companies. The results exposed that cross training significantly prevents turnover.

[S. Arunkumar and S. Parimala. EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE CROSS TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):649-652] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 99

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.99

 

KEYWORDS: Employee Retention, Employee Cross Training, Motivational practice, Retain employee.

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The impact of teaching professional self-concept on clinical performance perception in nursing students

 

Iran Jahanbin 1, Zohreh Badiyepeyma 2, Farkhondeh Sharif 3, Fariba Ghodsbin 1, Sare Keshavarzi 4

 

1 Department of Community Health Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

3 Department of Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

4 Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

jahanbii@sums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The nurses’ self-concept can be defined as information and beliefs that nurse have about their roles, values, and behavior which help individuals function at a higher level and use their learning experiences optimally. This study aimed to determine the effect of professional self-concept teaching on clinical performance perception of senior nursing students. A preliminary study was conducted to confirm the validity and reliability of the nurse self-concept questionnaire (NSCQ) and 6-dimension scale of nurse performance (6-DSNP). The participants consisted of 72 senior nursing students, sixty of whom agreed to participate in the study and complete the questionnaires. Then, the students were randomly categorized into case (n=24) and control (n=36) groups. The case group participated in the professional self-concept workshops for two days. Immediately (T2) and three months after the intervention (T3), the questionnaires were filled by both groups. The 6-DSNP score of the participants attending the workshop was significantly higher than that of the subjects in the control group (p<0.0001). Therefore, professional self-concept teaching can significantly affect the clinical performance of nursing students. Therefore, incorporating professional self-concept teaching into the nursing program can be effective for their clinical performance, and help nursing students have positive attitudes towards their competencies.

[Jahanbin I, Badiyepeyma Z, Ghodsbin F, Sharif F, Keshavarzi S. The impact of teaching professional self-concept on clinical performance perception in nursing students. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):653-659] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 100

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.100

 

Keywords: Professional self-concept; clinical performance; nursing students; nursing education

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The Evaluation of a Teacher Training System; A Study on the Efficacy of Teaching Training Policy in the last three decades in the field of English Teaching in Iran

 

Heidar Nargesy

 

Modares Teacher Training University, Sohravardi Square, Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran

nargesy@gmail.com; Tel: +989188734391

 

Abstract: After the establishment of modern style schools and colleges in Iran in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the need for trained and qualified teachers became the concerns of the authorities then. Some professors and teachers from Europe were the first pioneers who came and trained some teachers based on those days’ standards. Since then, there have been a lot of changes in the curriculum and the syllabus designs of the academic teaching generally and English teaching specifically. Teaching English academically in Iran has had so many ups and downs during the last three decades. Unfortunately, the outcomes of these alternations do not show hopeful horizons to the usage of English language fruitfully.

[Heidar Nargesy. The Evaluation of a Teacher Training System; A Study on the Efficacy of Teaching Training Policy in the last three decades in the field of English Teaching in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):660-663] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 101

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.101

 

Keywords: Teacher training, EFL

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Studying the Variations in Ratio of Capital Resources toward the Equity Returnin Tehran Stock Exchange

 

Zahra Rahmati1, Amin Noshadi2, Shahroch Bozorgmehrian 3

 

1. Department of Accounting, Abdanan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abdanan. Iran

2. Department of Accounting, Dehloran Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDehloran. Iran

3. Department of Accounting, Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran 3. Department of Accounting, Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran 

z_rahmatia@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The increase in shareholders' wealth from the leverage of debts is an important principle that forces the managers of the companies to pay enough attention to the time of the financing. Financial experts look for an optimized combination of the capital to maximize the company's value and consequently, to maximize the shareholders' wealth. In this regard, they have considered the effects of tax-savings from interests of debts and the low rate of debts costs in comparison to other capital resources. Some theories have been proposed in this regard that mainly focus on the positive effects of usingleverage of debts in increasing the shareholders' wealth. This research intends to investigate the effects if financing on the equity turnover of the active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, the companies who have used loans or capital increase as a financing way in a 5-year interval have been selected. The effects of two mentioned financing methods (loans and capital increase) on the ratio of their equity turnover have been tested on the basis of their financial reports. The results show that the ratio of total assets to the equity (leverage intent) is significant among the group of companies that have received debts and the group of companies that have increased their capital; but the ratio of equity turnover and the ratio of total assets, and the ratio of net profit to sales is not significant among the two groups of the companies. In other words, getting the loan by the active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has not led to create a desirable financial leverage.

[Zahra Rahmati, Amin Noshadi, Shahroch Bozorgmehrian. Studying the Variations in Ratio of Capital Resources toward the Equity Returnin Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):664-669] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 102

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.102

 

Keywords: Debt, Equity, Financing, Shareholders' Wealth

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The Relations between the Life Skills and the Sport Success among the Athletic

 

Yadollah Azadi

 

Psychology of sport, Yerevan state university, Yerevan, Armenia

Yadollah_azadi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study is to assign the relations between the life skills and the sport success among the athletic students. Method: By randomly selection of 391 athletic students, they answered the questionnaires based on sociology and the life skills. In order to analyze data, the descriptive and assigned statistics were used by Pierson’s correlative coefficient and Regression coefficient, and test. Results: Results show that there is an effective relation between life skills and their aspects, it means that there is a positive, meaningful relation between consciousness, sympathy, the effective relation, finding any way to solve the problem, the relations between people, making decision, the creative thinking, the critical thoughts, resistance to anxiety, and the success in sport. The results show that %21 of success in sport is assigned by life skills. Among 10 skills, there are skill relations to solve problems, and the resistance to anxiety predicts the success in sports. Conclusion: Regarding the relations between life skills and the success in sport, it is necessary to plan in order to progress the life skills to athletic students.

[Yadollah Azadi. The Relations between the Life Skills and the Sport Success among the Athletic. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):670-672] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 103

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.103

 

Key Words: life skills, the success in sport, athletic, students.

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Investigate and Explain the Relationship Between Human Resource Competency Dimensions with Organizational Performance

 

Afsharfar Firooz

 

Student HRM (Ph.d), Tehran-IRAN

Afsharfar_6@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Human resource has been exposed to many challenges and developments in recent decades. These challenges and changes. Has affected all aspects of human resource functions, including custodians, units and human resources systems. Custodians of human resources in the era of newly emerging are responsible new roles. Such roles that the custodians of human resources to effectively perform the tasks and activities have to do, are include strategic partner, functional export, Employee Advocate, human capital developer, This roles is to indicate what activities and actions must be performed. For playing efficient of roles, which requires new competencies of the human resources custodians in that field should be capable, the current research with studding aspects of competence in human resources, tried to investigate the efficient of this aspects on the organizational performance in Organizations case study.

[Afsharfar Firooz. Investigate and Explain the Relationship Between Human Resource Competency Dimensions with Organizational Performance. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):673-678] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 104

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.104

 

Keywords: Human resources competence, Human resources custodians, Aspects

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 Ginsenoside Content in The Leaves and Roots of Panax ginseng at Different Ages

 

Xiang-guo Li1, Yi Zi Yan1, Xuan-ji Jin2, Yong Kyoung Kim3, Md. Romij Uddin3, Yeon Bok Kim3, Hanhong Bae4, Young Chang Kim5, Sang Won Lee5 and Sang Un Park3*

 

1Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China

2Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130061, Jilin, China

3Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea

4School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea

5Herbal Crop Research Team, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 369-873, Korea

supark@cnu.ac.kr

 

Abstract: Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants in Asia, particularly Korea. Triterpene saponins (ginsenosides) are the main bioactive compounds in P. ginseng. The present study investigates the growth characteristics and variation of ginsenoside content in the leaves and roots of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) at different growth stages (from 1 to 6 years). Variation in ginsenoside content of both the leaves and roots was higher at the beginning of growth (1-3 years) and then increased with decreasing rates. Root fresh weight increased by 3.3, 5.0, 2.2, 3.0, and 1.7 times for successive year intervals. In comparison, leaf fresh weight increased by 4.6, 2.6, 3.7, 2.4, and 1.2 times for successive year intervals. Analysis of Korean ginseng leaves and roots indicated the presence of 10 ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rh1) with the leaves containing higher levels of ginsenoside than the roots. All ginsenosides were maximally accumulated in the leaves during the early growth stages(1st and 2nd years), whereas maximum accumulation was recorded in the roots during the later growth stages (~5 years) Levels of ginsenoside Re, Rd, Rg1 and Rc were higher in the leaves than other ginsenosides at all growth stages. Rb1, Rc, and Rb2 ginsenosides levels exhibited wide variation in the leaves across each year interval compared to the other 7 ginsenosides. Rb1 accumulated more in the roots than in the leaves of Korean ginseng. Of the 10 ginsenosides examined, Rf ginsenoside content in the roots exhibited wide annual variation, with a difference of 3.3 times between the highest and lowest content. Overall, ginsenosides levels were much higher in the leaves compared to the roots, with plant age also contributing to variation in the levels of ginsenoside compounds.

 [Li X, Yan YZ, Kim YK, Uddin MR, Bae H, Kim HH, Park SU. Ginsenoside Content in The Leaves and Roots of Panax ginseng at Different Ages. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):679-683] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 105

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.105

 

Keywords: Panax ginseng; ginsenosides; leaf; root; growth pattern

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Capparis spinosa L. Propagation and Medicinal uses

 

Sharrif moghaddasi Mohammad1, Hamed Haddad Kashani2, Zohre Azarbad2*

 

1.Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department,Saveh branch,Islamic Azad University,Iran

2.Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

Azarbad_zo@kaums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The caper bush (Capparis spinosa L., Cappari daceae) has been introduced as a specialized culture in some European countries during the last four decades. The economic importance of caper plant (young flower buds, known as capers, are greatly favored for seasoning and different parts of the plant are used in the manufacture of medicines and cosmetics) led to a significant increase in both the area under cultivation and production levels during the late 1980s. The main production areas are in harsh environments found in Morocco, the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, Turkey, and the Italian islands of Pantelleria and Salina. This species has developed special mechanisms in order to survive in the Mediterranean conditions, and introduction in semiarid lands may help to prevent the disruption of the equilibrium of those fragile ecosystems.

[Sharrif moghaddasi Mohammad, Hamed Haddad Kashani, Zohre Azarbad. Capparis spinosa L. Propagation and Medicinal uses. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):684-686] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 106

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.106

 

Keywords: Capparis spinosa, flower buds, medicines, cosmetics

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Do actions speak louder than words? An empirical investigation in terms of organizational performance in manufacturing organizations.

 

Syed Athar Masood1, Mirza Jahanzaib2, Khalid Akhtar2, Muhammad Shahbaz3

 

1National University of Sciences & Technology, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering Management, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

2Industrial Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

3Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

s.a.masood@ceme.nust.edu.pk

Abstract: During the last years, organizational performance of manufacturing organizations is considered to be a key for a country’s economy. As a result of high positive performance of manufacturing organization; the overall effects on the society have attributed the attention and the interest of organisational researchers. Armstrong and Baron (2003) highlighted the need of performance management as being strategic, integral (vertical, functional, human resource integration and integration of individual needs), focus on performance improvement as well as with the development. Gates and Otley (1999) further broaden the scope of performance measurement to include strategy development and the taking of action. In this study, researcher investigates the extent to which an organizational performance is affected by the actions of manufacturing leaders than by just implementing strong rules and regulations in the manufacturing organization. It was also examine whether differences in manufacturing organizational performance and actions of their leaders relate directly to manufacturing organizational performance or vice versa. There are number of tools and techniques available to measure organizational performance e.g. balance score card theory (BSC) by Kaplan and Norton (1992) based on stakeholder theory. The balanced scorecard approach was used as an operational tool, and it is employed to measure and improve operational performance of manufacturing organizations. According to Professor, Bob Kaplan, balance scorecard approach has further extended the measurement of organizational performance. Lipe and Salterio’s (2000) observed that the application of balance scorecard approach facilitates managers’ judgment, they further elaborate that balance scorecard approach improves managers’ judgement regarding what is actually essential without any overloading of information. Further according to Tomasello M et al (2005), humans are more skilled than other animals at discerning what others are perceiving, intending, desiring, knowing, and believing—allowing group decision based on mutual discussion. It is therefore expected that the performance of the manufacturing organizations in this study to be attributed to the ability to actually do the job of their subordinates by the manufacturing leaders and thus set an example for the workers and thus enhance the performance of the manufacturing organization. Based on the results of data analysis of 132 manufacturing organization leaders/workers, it was found that organizational performance measured using balance score card approach is negatively related to both strong rules and regulations than by the actions of manufacturing organization leaders. Researcher argues this is due to strong rules and regulations in manufacturing organizations and so subordinates own innovativity reduces and causes organisational performance at stack. On the other hand manufacturing leaders’ positive attitude has a significant positive relation between manufacturing organisational performance. Finally, it was also observed that manufacturing leaders educational background, related field experience positively influences the manufacturing organizational performance. Overall, results suggest that the more skilled and experience a manufacturing leader has, the more positive is the organizational performance. In a nut shell it can be concluded that manufacturing organizational performance is directly related to the actions of manufacturing leaders as well as the skills, experience and ability to do the job of his/her subordinate. A model for improving performance of manufacturing organizations has been developed as a result of data analysis of this study and is presented in this paper to enhance the performance of manufacturing organizations.

[Syed Athar Masood, Mirza Jahanzaib, Khalid Akhtar. Do actions speak louder than words? An empirical investigation in terms of organizational performance in manufacturing organizations. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):687-693] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 107

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.107

 

Keywords: Manufacturing Organizational Performance; Actions of leaders; Skilsl and experience of leaders, Balance Score Card

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Reflects of Epicurism of Khayyam Quatrains in the West

 

Tahereh Jaberizadeh

 

Zahedshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedshahr, Iran

PhD Candidate, Comparative Literature. Shekoofeh116@yahoo.com. Tel: +374 55874123

 

Abstract: Omar Khayyam (1047-1123) was born in the Seljuk period, one of the greatest eras of Iranian history in terms of the profusion of towering figures in different branches of learning. He was the man who, in collaboration with other astronomers, succeeded to devise the Jalalian calendar in the region of Malikshah (1073-1092), an enormous achievement indeed. Khayyam, in his Quatrains, challenged religious doctrines, alluded to the hypocrisy of the clergy, cast doubt on almost every facet of religious belief and appeared to have advocated a type of humanism.The draft sybaritic image of Khayyam after translation of Fitzgerald in the West that has led established pubs and wine called Omar Khayyam, often based on hedonistic approach of Rubaiyat For finding the effect of quatrain of Khayyam in the Europe, it needed to define some philosophical terms as Epicurism, Hedonism and materialism, then study the philosophical approaches of these quatrains in the west and analyzed them according of political and social situation of that era. This research, by referring to some methods of criticism, based on written historical events and the phenomenological model, tried to present the new theoretical point of view of relatively realistic message of Khayyam in the world.

[Tahereh Jaberizadeh. Reflects of Epicurism of Khayyam Quatrains in the West. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):694-697] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 108

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.108

 

Keywords: Omar Khayyam; Seljuk period; Iranian; history; Jalalian; Malikshah

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General Overview on Educational Institutions in Islamic Civilization

 

Hamid Alami

 

Department of Theology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

 

Abstract: The scientific condition of the Arabian Peninsula before Islam and even at the beginning of Islam was so disappointing that the number of literate people did not exceed 16 0r 17 at the time of Muhammad. Then the first sparks of learning and literacy started with the Quran messages. In this way Quran verses and the Prophet’s tradition became the best guides and sources of inspiration for learning and literacy. This book from the one hand encouraged people to think and respect knowledge and make distinction between those who are literate and those who are illiterate (1), and on the other hand, broaden their view point toward learning and made them seek knowledge; since the first Ayah (verse) of Quran started with the words “read in the name of God who created you.” (2) It shows that the first steps of learning starts with reading; and knowledge changes the darkness of ignorance to the light of recognition and reading opens the gate of wisdom. Prophet Muhammad with the emphases on learning and literacy encouraged Muslims toward learning and increasing their knowledge and understanding. Because preserving the Suras (chapters) of Quran was very important to him, he had an especial concern over oral and written learning of these Suras among his followers in the mosque. Apart from its religious entity, mosque became an important place for learning and education and Muhammad is considered as the first teacher of Islamic society. (3) In addition to the encouragement found in holy Suras for literacy, establishment of the schools and universities which were done by Imams, created a kind of jubilee among Muslims in the history of Islam and made the act of establishing schools as important and valuable as making a mosque. For this reason after a short time several schools, Maktabs, and mosques opened in Islamic nations. And these schools had a considerable role in the progress and growth of Islamic civilization and helped Muslims come to the pick of their civilization in the first few centuries.

[Hamid Alami. General Overview on Educational Institutions in Islamic Civilization. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):698-702] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 109

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.109

 

Keywords: learning, mosque, school, Islam

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 Signal Separation using Non-negative Matrix Factorization Based on R1-norm

 

W. kider and M. E. Abd El Aziz *

 

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig Egypt, P.O. Box 44519. *abd_el_aziz_m@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) based methods have found use in the context of blind source separation, semi-supervised, and unsupervised learning. These techniques require the use of a suitable cost function to determine the optimal factorization, and most work has focused on the use of least square formulation which is prone to large noise and outliers. In this paper we developed robust NMF algorithm using -norm which exhibit stability and robustness w.r.t. large noises. This algorithm is as efficient as the algorithms for least square formulations, avoiding the significant computational complexities routinely associated with -norm formulations. The experimental show that -NMF can effectively separate the observed that contain outliers better than standard NMF.

[ W. kider and M. E. Abd El Aziz. Signal Separation using Non-negative Matrix Factorization Based on R1-norm. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):703-707] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 110

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.110

 

Keywords: Blind signal separation, non-negative matrix factorization, -norm, -NMF.

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Comparison of empirical correlations for the estimation of conjugate heat transfer in a thrust chamber

 

M.J. Iqbal1, N.A. Sheikh2, H.M. Ali1, S. Khushnood1, M. Arif1

 

1. Department of mechanical engineering, University of engineering and technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

2. Department of mechanical engineering, Muhammah Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

ndahmed@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Due to high temperatures and pressures in the thrust chamber, regenerative cooling along with film cooling is one of the basic requirements for safe operation. This is ensured by controlling the rate of heat transfer from the walls of chamber through the coolant flow rate. For optimum performance of thrust chamber using efficient combustion, specific heat transfer rates through the nozzle section are required to guarantee the structure integrity of the chamber. Analytical procedures for the thermal design of thrust chambers are fairly limited and designers have to rely on empirical relationships and/or computational methods to calculate the heat transfer rates. Experimental correlations are usually used to predict heat transfer through the internal wall however the exact mechanism of heat transfer is not fully understood. Here a comparison of analytical and empirical approaches has been made for a simplified geometry consisting of two concentric shells. The simplified geometry allows direct application of analytical approach and provides a test ground for the empirical approaches. Results for heat flux and hot side wall temperatures are also compared with a coupled numerical simulation using commercial software Fluent. While estimations for cooling fluid outlet temperature and temperature of outer wall of coolant shell are also compared with the experimental data. The comparison indicates that the analytical method for the heat transfer calculation matches the numerical simulations and experimental data reasonably well.

[Iqbal M.J, Sheikh N.A., Ali H.M., Khushnood S., Arif M. Comparison of empirical correlations for the estimation of conjugate heat transfer in a thrust chamber. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):708-716] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 111

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.111

 

Keywords: Heat transfer; Thrust chamber; Bartz correlation; Dual shell.

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Investigating The effects of accounting and business cycles in the evolution of the Tehran Stock Exchange

 

Alireza Askarpour1, Zahra Rahmati 2

 

1.Department of Managment, Shoushtar Branch,Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar,Iran

2. Department of Accounting,, Abdanan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abdanan, Iran. alireza_askarpourr@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this research we study the effect of accounting data behavior according to the business cycles in Tehran stock exchange. More over this research examines the behavior of accounting data according to the business cycles, by considering the special features of companies. The studied accounting data in clouded sales growth, gross profit margin changes, changes in profit before tax and net profit and total assets changes. The results of this research show that in Tehran stock exchange there are significant relationships between some of the accounting variables (sales growth and gross profit margin) with business cycles and no relationship is seen among some of the variables (such as total assets changes). Moreover this research's findings indicate that the relation between the accounting data and business cycles is affected by the size of company and cyclical or non-cyclical nature of company (special features of companies). [Alireza Askarpour, Zahra Rahmati.

[Alireza Askarpour, Zahra Rahmati. Investigating The effects of accounting and business cycles in the evolution of the Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):717-724] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 112

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.112

 

Key words: accounting data behavior, business cycles, Tehran stock exchange, the special features of company and industry

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Teaching reading comprehension through concept map

 

Mansoureh Kalhor1*, Goodarz Shakibaei2

 

1. Ph.D student of education, Academy of sciences University, Tajikistan

2. Baghmalek branch, Islamic Azad University, Baghmalek, Iran

* Corresponding author. Mansoureh Kalhor: Mn_kalhor@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the effect of teaching English reading comprehension to Iranian students through concept mapping. In doing so, a pre-test and a post test were used. First 38 third grade high school female students in Karaj city were selected systematically and then they were divided into control and experimental groups randomly. The experimental group was thought using concept mapping, while control group was not exposed to such kind of teaching technique and the students in this group were thought in common way of reading comprehension teaching. The exam was made by a teacher which covered knowledge and meaningful learning in English reading comprehension. The high cognitive questions (analysis, combining, evaluating) were used to evaluate meaningful learning. A t-test was used to verify or reject the hypotheses. Data analysis shows that concept mapping technique has a significant effect on English reading comprehension (t=3.388, df =36, p=0.002

[Mansoureh Kalhor, Goodarz Shakibaei. Teaching reading comprehension through concept map Life Sci J 2012;9(4):725-731] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 113

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.113

 

Keywords: Concept map, meaningful learning, teaching strategy, reading comprehension skill

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Application of series FACTS devices in power system

 

Mehdi Nikzad1, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani2, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar3, Hossein Tourang4, Behrang Yousefpour5

 

1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Mehdi.nikzad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are the well known and commonly used components in power system. These components are manly used to control of power system and also stability improvement. One of the benefits of FACTS devices is to damp out low frequency oscillations (LFO). One of the most important FACTS devices is Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) which is installed in series with line. In this paper SSSC is used to damp out LFO and a supplementary stabilizer based on SSSC is designed. Partial Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to adjust the parameters of the proposed stabilizer.

[Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour. Application of series FACTS devices in power system. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):732-735] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 114

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.114

 

Keywords: Supplementary Stabilizer, Partial Swarm Optimization, Low Frequency Oscillations, Static Synchronous Series Compensator

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Economic Assessment and Effectiveness of Sulfur and Organic Matters on the Qualitative and Quantitative Yield of Canola (Brassica napus L.) in the calcareouse Soil

 

Jafar Gohargani, Meruzhan Galstyan, Abdolamir Moezzi

 

PhD student in Armenian State-Agrarian University

Professor of Armenian State-Agrarian University

Assistant Professor of Soil science of Ahvaz Chamran University (Iran)

 

Abstract: For economic assessment of Sulfur application, the present research has applied Thiobacillus Bacterium and organic matter, during 2009 - 2011 for three years, in the calcareouse soil of the Research Field of Agricultural station of Gachsaran-Iran as the split- split plot experiment in the randomized complete blocks design with 18 treatments on a Varity of Hiyolo 401 Canola in three replications. The treatments were: Sulfur (0, 400, 800 kg), Thiobacillus (0, 2, 4 kg) and organic matter (0, 20 tons) in hectare. The combine analysis of variance for three years mentioned factors on some properties as harvest index, biologic yield, seed yield, protein percentage, oil percentage and oil yield showed that the factors alone and together have a significant effect on the qualitative and quantitative economic yield of Canola plant. mean Comparisons of the main and interaction effects between factors showed that the most average of the seed and oil yield has been produced by treatments O2T3S2 which increased, in comparison to the control treatment, the seed and oil yield respectively 154% and 180%. Also, the economic consideration of the project results revealed that exerting this treatment will increase 5320000r (266$) profit in per hectare.

[Jafar Gohargani, Meruzhan Galstyan, Abdolamir Moezzi. Economic Assessment and Effectiveness of Sulfur and Organic Matters on the Qualitative and Quantitative Yield of Canola (Brassica napus L.) in the calcareouse Soil. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):736-740] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 115

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.115

 

Keywords: Canola, Sulfur, Organic matter, Thiobacillus bacterium and yield.

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Islamic Azad University Brand Dimensions and Their Effect on Selection of Azad University

 

Dr. Soheil Sarmad Sa'eedi, Javad Faghihi Pour, Ali Akbar Sadeghi, Somaieh Faghihi Pour

 

Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Campus, Azadi Avenue, Tehran

2MA, Marketing Management, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Campus, Azadi Avenue, Tehran

3 MS, Social Science Research, Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran

4 MA, Business Economy, Mazandaran University

 

Abstract: Present research has identified and ranked effective dimensions of Islamic Azad University brand. The research objectives were: (1) to develop a model for Azad University brand; (2) to identify the personification dimensions of Islamic Azad University brand; (3) to determine the order of dimensions effect on selection of Azad University; (4) to examine the relation between Azad University brand and selection of Azad University as the target university. 450 questionnaires were distributed to departments of Azad University, Tehran Central Campus for the required data. 421 returned questionnaires were used for this study. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS software. Pearson and Spearman correlation, multiple regression, and Friedman test were used for data analysis. The proposed model was confirmed with a correlation of 0.707, an error rate below 0.01 at 0.99 degrees of confidence. Sincerity obtained the highest score among Azad University brand personality dimensions. Multiple regression results indicate that brand dimensions can account for about 67% of dependent variable total variance. The residual variance is affected by influencing variables outside the model. The average priorities of brand dimensions obtained from Friedman test ranked dimension priorities from high to low as: brand equity, brand value, obvious brand structure, and non obvious brand structure.

[Soheil Sarmad Sa'eedi, Javad Faghihi Pour, Ali Akbar Sadeghi, Somaieh Faghihi Pour. Islamic Azad University Brand Dimensions and Their Effect on Selection of Azad University. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):741-749] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 116

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.116

 

Keywords: Obvious Brand Structure, Non Obvious Brand Structure, Brand Value, Brand Equity.

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In Vitro Activity of nano-silver against Ocular Pathogenic Fungi

 

Chuanwen Gao1, Yan Xu2, Chao Xu3

 

1. Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou secend hospital, Zhengzhou, 450006, China.

2. Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.

3. Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, China

xchoo2238@126.com

 

Abstract: The in vitro activity of nano-silver versus those of fluconazole and natamycin was assessed against 264 ocular fungal isolates. The activity of nano-silver against Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Alternariaalternata was 8 times, 32 times, and 2 times, respectively, greater than that of natamycin and 512times, 256 times, and 4 times, respectively, greater than that of fluconazole. Nano-silver’s antifungalactivity was significantly superior to those of natamycin and fluconazole against ocular pathogenic fungi in vitro.

[Chuanwen Gao, Yan Xu, Chao Xu. In Vitro Activity of nano-silver against Ocular Pathogenic Fungi. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):750-753] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 117

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.117

 

Keywords: nano-silver; fungal keratitis; drug susceptibility testing; antifungal

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Survey on Continuous Nursing Requirements for Stroke Patients

 

Xu Hui, Shan Yan,Kang Jiaxun, Qu Lixia, Lin beilei, Zhang Zhenxiang

 

The Nursing College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.

xuhui896@126.com

 

Abstract: Objective Surveying continuous nursing requirements for brain stroke patients after leaving hospital. Methods Questionnaires survey by conveniently selecting 136 stroke patients from medical wards of the Neurology Departments in third grade A-class hospitals in Zhengzhou. Results Most patients have strong requirements for continuous rehabilitation nursing. Requirements of continuous nursing knowledge for stroke patients out of hospital mainly are the fundamental knowledge related to the brain stoke, next medical rehabilitation instructions and nursing supporting. Conclusions Brain stroke patients have strong continuous nursing requirements after leaving hospital. It can guarantee that brain stroke patients receive complete and continuous nursing out of hospital with medical personnel’s working out nursing plan and developing health education based on requirements of the patients.

[Xu Hui, Shan Yan,Kang Jiaxun, Qu Lixia, Lin beilei, Zhang Zhenxiang. Survey on Continuous Nursing Requirements for Stroke Patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):754-756] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 118

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.118

 

Keywords: Stroke; Continuous Nursing; Requirements

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Forgien Capital Inflows and its Impact on Domestic Saving In India

 

Ali Mohammad Dehghan1, Ebrahim Alizadeh2

 

1. Department of Accounting,safashahr brabch,Islamic azad university,safashar,iran

2.Department of Accounting,abadan branch,Islamic azad university, Abadan,iran

Ebrahim10140@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The various form of inflow of foreign capital (loans, FDI and portfolio) came in developing countries to bridge the gap between domestic saving and domestic investment and therefore, to accelerate economy growth. In India, many variables have been used in saving function. But in this study our aim is analyzing the long run effect of foreign capital inflow on domestic saving and not to estimate the saving function. In this paper much attention have been paid in past 10 years, relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and domestic saving, the main purpose of the study has been determined whether in developing country like India foreign capital inflow and domestic saving are complementary or substitute.

[Ali Mohammad Dehghan, Ebrahim Alizadeh. Forgien Capital Inflows and its Impact on Domestic Saving In India. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):757-760] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 119

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.119

 

Keyworld: domestic saving, foreign capital, foreign direct investment

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Identification, measurement and management of intellectual capital is a vital important issue for the survival of organization in the field of competition

 

Ebrahim Alizadeh

 

Department of Accounting, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

Ebrahim1014@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In the global economy pattern which is based on knowledge and information technology, the intangible assets can be the most important factor in the organizations’ success in the field of competition. The physical and financial are replaced by intellectual capital in this pattern and it is considered as the source of value for organizations. Therefore, the key factor in organizations ‘success in compactions is identification and measurement of these intellectual capitals on time and managing it. So, first we explore the intellectual capital concepts and present the intellectual capital history then the intellectual capital according to theorists and three basic elements of intellectual capital including human capital, structural capital and relational capital are defined and the intellectual capital measurement methods are briefly presented and finally the intellectual capital management is discussed.

[Ebrahim Alizadeh. Identification, measurement and management of intellectual capital is a vital important issue for the survival of organization in the field of competition Life Sci J 2012;9(4):761-765] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 120

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.120

 

Keywords: intangible assets, intellectual capital, human capital, structural capital, relational capital.

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Evaluation of total quality management in library of Islamic Azad University in District 13

 

Davoud SHoghpour 1, Zahra Gholami 2

 

1. Department of Librarianship,Tbriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tbriz, Iran

2. Department of Librarianship,Tbriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tbriz, Iran

 

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the level of total quality management in libraries of Islamic Azad University at district 13 in managers’ point of view in 2011. The research method was descriptive - survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire that researcher wrote with six components that included 42 items. After confirmation of their validity, reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach’s alpha for all the components above 0.75. The study population of 22 individuals was library managers of Islamic Azad University at district 13 and results obtained based on data from the questionnaire. This analysis has been done helping descriptive statistics using SPSS software and the results showed that all components of total quality management (commitment, customer orientation, training, realism, collaboration and continuous improvement) are quite desirable and results indicate that TQM has distance to achieve the desired condition.

[Davoud S Hoghpour, Zahra Gholami. Evaluation of total quality management in library of Islamic Azad University in District 13. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):766-770] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 121

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.121

 

Keywords: Total Quality Management, Islamic Azad University District 13

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Effect on Electronic City Electronic municipality (Case Study Zone 2 Tabriz)

 

Soltani Alireza1, Zeynali Azim Ali2, Zeynali Azim Mohammad3, Shahamfar Hadi4

 

1. Department of Computer Science, Bostanabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bostanabad, Iran

2. Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University Branch Tabriz, Iran

3. Department of Computer Science, Bostanabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bostanabad, Iran

4. Department of Computer Science, Heris Branch, Islamic Azad University, Heris, Iran

 

Abstract: This study examines the effect of electronic city on electronic municipality in second zone of Tabriz municipality. Main question is that whether creating electronic city impact on creating electronic municipality? This research method is descriptive and applied. Statistical population includes all employees of the Municipality of second zone of Tabriz that has been obtained through Morgan table and Likert spectrum technique is used to collect data. This study intends to provide a theoretical and intellectual infrastructure and transparent communication between the electronic city and electronic municipality in order to justify scientific reasons of this and creating electronic city in the developing world. According to studies and utilization of the results of other studies in this area was found that electronic city play an important role in creating electronic municipality and electronic city and electronic municipality are closely related to each other and every one requires the other.

[Soltani Alireza, Zeynali Azim Ali, Zeynali Azim Mohammad, Shahamfar Hadi. Effect on Electronic City Electronic municipality (Case Study Zone 2 Tabriz). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):771-779] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 122

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.122

 

Keywords: Electronics City, Electronic Municipality, Electronic government, Electronic citizen, Tabriz City

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Bee Honey Dose-dependently Ameliorates Lead Acetate- mediated Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats

 

Gehan A. M. Elmenoufy

 

Physiology Department- National Organization for Drug Control and Research - Giza- Egypt-

dr.gigirma@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Lead poisoning is a serious condition caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, liver as well as reproductive and nervous systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the amleiorative effect of bee honey against lead acetate toxicity. Honey was administered orally at doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.4 g/kg for one month. Lead treatment (200mg/kg, p.o) started 10 days before the honey treatment and continoued with honey for one month. Positive control group were treated with lead acetate for 40 days. Lead intoxication caused a significant increase in serum malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased glutathione (GSH), increased uric acid, urea and creatinine. Moreover, lead administration increased bilirubin and the enzymatic activiry of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, lead intoxication increased total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides. Bee honey dose- dependently reversed the adverse effect of lead on liver and kidney function and decreased MDA level and noormalized GSH level. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress and disturbing lipid metabolism may be responsible for the adverse cellular effects of lead and that these cellular events may mediate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic manifestations in lead intoxication. Also, the beneficial effect of honey is likely- partially- due to its antioxidant property and its modulatory effect on the metabolic processes.

[Gehan A. M. Elmenofi. Bee Honey Dose-dependently Ameliorates Lead Acetate- mediated Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats ] Life Science Journal 2012; 9(4):780-788]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 123

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.123

 

Key word: Lead acetate- honey- liver- kidney

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Changes in socioeconomic status, community health and environmental conditions of fishermen by transmigration (transmigrasi) in Lampung Timur, Indonesia

 

Anton Setyo Nugroho1*, Miho Fujimura2 and Tsukasa Inaoka3

 1*Doctoral course of The Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

2,3 Dept. Human Ecology, Fac. Agric., Saga University, Saga, Japan

*Email: dkp_anton@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Indonesia is characterized by an uneven population distribution, i.e., approximately 60 percent of the population is concentrated on Java Island (7 percent of Indonesia’s land areas), and others live on the islands of Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi and Papua. In order to mitigate the overpopulation problem in Java, the Indonesian government created a transmigration program (transmigrasi) in the early 20th century to move people from densely populated areas (mainly Java) to more sparse areas. The Lampung Province in Sumatra has been one well-known destination of transmigration since the first migration in 1905. Focusing on the fishermen that migrated into the coastal area of Lampung Timur in the mid-1980s, this study aims described the transmigration-induced changes in their socioeconomic status (SES), community health, environmental conditions and quality of life. Focus group discussion with selected people and interviews with 179 heads of households (all are first generation) revealed that their SES and community health conditions generally improved after transmigration. However, certain kinds of environmental degradations happened after they settled in the area. In 1996 some people moved out to the elephant-conservation area to seek for more fish, but they were forced to come back to the transmigration area after having social conflicts with the government. The perception of community health and environmental conditions, and QOL score with social conflict experience was worse than without social conflict experience, and the desire for further migration was higher in the former.[Nugroho, AS., Fujimura, M., Inaoka, T. Changes in socioeconomic status, community health and environmental conditions of fishermen by transmigration (transmigrasi) in Lampung Timur, Indonesia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):789-798] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 124

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.124

 

Keywords: Transmigration; fishermen; socioeconomic status (SES); community health; environmental conditions

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Application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) Approach in the Formation of Manufacturing Cells for Group Technology

 

Mirza Jahanzaib1, Syed Athar Masood2,, Shahid Nadeem1, Khalid Akhtar1, Muhammad Shahbaz3

 

Industrial Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

1jahan.zaib@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

2National University of Science & Technology, College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

3Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

 

Abstract: This paper is about minimizing intercellular movements of parts for the formation of manufacturing cells using GA approach. GA is a search technique based on the process of biological evolution and has been applied as an optimization method for the formation of manufacturing cells. Different GA operators and their importance in the optimization of cellular manufacturing have been discussed. A MAT LAB code has been developed for the calculation of different matrices and fitness values of chromosomes. The initial population of possible solutions (chromosomes) is generated randomly and the fitness value of each chromosome is calculated using code developed for the purpose. The next population is generated by the application of genetic operators process is repeated till stopping criteria is satisfied. Total ten populations are generated by the GA procedure and fitness values of different generations have compared graphically with detailed analysis. It is evident that using GA has minimized the intercellular movements of parts which indirectly improves productivity, profitability and provide competitive edge to the manufacturing enterprise in global environment.

[Mirza Jahanzaib, Syed Athar Masood, Shahid Nadeem, Khalid Akhtar. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) Approach for the Formation of Manufacturing Cells in Group Technology. Life Sci J 2013;9(4):799-809] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 125

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.125

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A very short note on the best bounds in Sandor and Debnath's inequality

 

M. Mansour

 

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. mansour@mans.edu.eg

 

Abstract: In this short note, we discuss the best bounds of the Sandor and Debnath's inequality and we obtain in simple proof that

where  is the Euler- Mascheroni constant.

[M. Mansour. A very short note on the best bounds in Sandor and Debnath's inequality. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):810-812] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 126

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.126

 

Key Words: Stirling's formula, Sandor and Debnath's inequality, gamma function, digamma function, factorial n, best bounds.

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Treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures

 

Mohamed E. Habib, Yasser S. Hannout, and Ahmed F. Shams

 

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Minoufiya, Egypt

dryasserhannout@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: No consensus exists regarding the optimal treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures. We report our experience of managing 13 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures by using either cannulated screws or dynamic hip screws for the neck and retrograde femoral nail for the shaft. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the function; outcome and healing of that complicated fractures. Material and methods: A consent was taken from thirteen patients who sustained ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures from January 2007 and March 2011 in El Minoufiya University Hospital in Egypt. 10 patients with fracture neck femur had been treated with cannulated screws while 3 patients were treated by dynamic hip screw. all fractures shaft had been treated with retrograde femoral nail.. The mean follow up period was 18 months with range from 12-36 months. Results: There were 10 males and 3 females. The average age was 31 years old with range of 19-45years. The mean follow up period was 18 months with range from 12-36 months. The average healing period of femoral neck fracture was 14 weeks and all femoral neck fractures united. Average union time for femoral shaft fractures was 19 weeks (range, 16–36 weeks). Three femoral shaft fractures needed bone graft at six months. Conclusions: The treatment methods used in the present study achieved satisfactory functional outcome in these complex fractures. The femoral neck fracture should preferably be stabilized first.

[Mohamed E. Habib, Yasser S. Hannout and Ahmed F. Shams. Treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):813-817] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 127

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.127

 

Keywords: Ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture, retrograde femoral nail, cannulated screws.

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Impact of Leptin Receptor Gene GLN223ARG Polymorphism on Obesity in Jeddah City

 

Sabah A. Linjawi and Noor A. Hussain

 

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,

slinjawi@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Obesity is a major global epidemic problem. Obesity results from the combined effects of genes, environment, lifestyle and the interactions of these factors. The leptin receptor gene plays a critical role in the regulation of body weight. Genetic variations of leptin receptor gene may play a role in the pathophysiology of human obesity. In this study, the association between the LepR gene polymorphism and obesity in Jeddah population was evaluated by determine the distribution of alleles frequency of the leptin receptor GLN223ARG polymorphism in 180 volunteers (94 males & 86 females). Each gender was divided into 2 groups: Children and Teenager (6-17 years old), and Adults (18-27 years old). As well as each group were divided into 2 sub-groups according to BMI obese and non obese (control). When comparison the obese and non obese groups, results demonstrated that no significant difference between genotype distribution and body mass index (BMI), weight, hip, waist and waist-hip ratio (WHR). In contrast, there was a significant increase in GG genotype (OR= 19.11, 95%CI: 0.95-384.95, P= 0.01) compared to AA genotype, and GG genotype (OR= 25.24, 95%CI: 1.25-509.46, P= 0.006) compared to AG genotype in males children and teenagers, which suggests that genetic polymorphisms (GLN223ARG) of leptin receptor gene may play a role in prevalence of obesity in children and teenagers males group.

[Sabah A. Linjawi and Noor A. Hussain. Impact of Leptin Receptor Gene GLN223ARG Polymorphism on Obesity in Jeddah City. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):818-828] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 128

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.128

 

Key word: Obesity, Leptin receptor gene, Jeddah city, weight, waist.

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Saliva to Monitor Warfarin Therapy after Prosthetic Heart Valve Replacement

 

Ahmed Samy1 Moshria H. Sabry2 Abdelhady M. Hamada2

 

1Cardiothoracic Surgery,2Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cardiothoracic Surgery Department Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University

Hady_hamada@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Patients with prosthetic heart valve are in need of anticoagulant therapy for protection against thromboembolic events. Warfarin therapy is monitored by Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR). The clotting assays are invasive and may carry infection and prosthetic valve endocarditis. We try to use human saliva as noninvasive diagnostic fluid to access anticoagulant state. Our study was done in Cardiothoracic Department in Ain Shams University Hospital on 132 Patients had prosthetic valve (MVR, AVR or DVR) and under Warfarin therapy. We measure salivary TF activity by Quick one stage method; then calculate TF activity ratio and TF activity log to 10. The therapeutic value of salivary TF ratio ranges from (2.23 to 3.60) and salivary TF log to 10 ranges from (2.364 to 2.560). There is strong positive correlation between both salivary TF ratio and salivary TF log to 10 with INR (2.00 to 3.50). Salivary TF activity ratio has wider range than TF log to 10, and needs each laboratory to make its control under standardized conditions. Thus, the measurement of salivary TF activity ratio is a reliable test for follow up of patients on oral anticoagulant therapy.

[Ahmed Samy, Moshria H. Sabry, Abdelhady M. Hamada. Saliva to Monitor Warfarin Therapy after Prosthetic Heart Valve Replacement. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):829-832] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 129

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.129

 

Key words: Prothrombin time (PT), INR, Saliva, Tissue factor (TF), Warfarin.

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Impact of Homeownership on Children’s Academic Outcomes:

A Critical Methodological Review of Literature

 

Aini Marina Ma’rof1, Ma’rof Redzuan2

 

1Dep. of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

1Dep. of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2Dep. of Social and Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Email: 1ainimarina@putra.upm.edu.my, 2marof@putra.upm.edu.my

 

Abstract: The primary goal of this paper is to provide a critical methodological review of literature on homeownership and child academic outcomes. It focuses on the strengths and weaknesses regarding causal inference of different research findings. We first build a conceptual framework on the relations between homeownership and child academic outcomes. In the body of the review, six empirical studies using different quasi-experimental techniques were critically analyzed and compared regarding their strengths and weaknesses of establishing causal inference. A final comment on the quality of literature and future directions are also discussed.

[Aini Marina Ma’rof, Ma’rof Redzuan. Impact of Homeownership on Children’s Academic Outcomes: A Critical Methodological Review of Literature. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):833-840] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 130

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.130

 

Keywords: Homeownership, children’s academic outcomes, instrumental variable estimation, regression discontinuity, difference-in-difference, fixed effect, differential effects

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Improving Young Indigenous Malaysian Children’s Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition and Oral Narrative Skills through Shared-book Reading

 

Aini Marina Ma’rof1, Ma’rof Redzuan2, Richard C. Anderson3, Aini Azeqa Ma’rof4

 

1Dep. of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

1, 3Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA

2, 4Dep. of Social and Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Email: ainimarina@putra.upm.edu.my

 

Abstract: This paper is based on a quasi-experimental study which investigated the impact of Shared-book Reading (SBR) on the development of vocabulary and oral narrative skills of young Indigenous Malaysian children learning Malay as a second language. Sixty three (63) Orang Asli children from two first-grade classrooms participated in the study. One of the classes was randomly assigned to implement SBR sessions while the other served as wait-listed control. Prior to the intervention, all students were assessed on a grade-appropriate literacy screening test (LINUS I), a Rapid-automatized naming task (RAN), and a Children’s Nonword Repetition Test (CNRep). After a five-week intervention, all students were assessed on vocabulary and storytelling. Results showed that experiences of SBR accelerated Orang Asli children’s oral Malay language production and increased their level of word-meaning knowledge. Specifically, the SBR group performed significantly better than the control group on the word-defining task. They also produced more coherent, higher quality narratives in a wordless picture story-telling task. They told the stories with greater verbal rate which contained significantly greater vocabulary diversity. These results altogether yield significant implications for the literacy instruction practices of Orang Asli children.

[Aini Marina Ma’rof, Ma’rof Redzuan, Richard C. Anderson, Aini Azeqa Ma’rof. Improving Young Indigenous Malaysian Children’s Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition and Oral Narrative Skills through Shared-book Reading. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):841-848] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 131

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.131

 

Keywords: Indigenous peoples, achievement gap, emerging literacy, second language learning, shared-book reading, incidental vocabulary acquisition, oral narrative skills

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Inter and intra professional collaboration in the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in nursing education: lesson for South Africa

 

M A Rakhudu1 A. Amaize2; U. Useh 1 &. M Maselesele1

 

1 North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa

2. Johns Hopkins University, United States of America

 

Abstract: Purpose: This review examines various examples of collaboration in PBL implementation, particularly between academic and practice entities. Methods: The updated integrative review (IR) approach according to Whitemore and Knalf (2005) was utilized to guide this search and understand the extent to which PBL is collaboratively implemented in nursing education for pre-registration programme.

Findings: Collaboration emerged as a consistent theme – whether between academics and practitioners in the supervision and guidance of nursing students, between faculty members and real patients in facilitating PBL group tutorial sessions, between inter-professional students in PBL learning, or between nurses of different specialties in developing PBL scenarios.

[Rakhudu M A; Amaize A; Useh U; &. M Maselesele Inter and intra professional collaboration in the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in nursing education: lesson for South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):849-859] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 132

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.132

 

Key concepts: Collaboration, implementation and problem based learning, inter-professional, intra-professional

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Biosorption of Cd+2 and Pb+2 on Cyperus laevigatus: application of factorial design analysis

 

Khairia M.Al-Qahtani

 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Princess Nora Bint Abdel-Rahman University, Saudi Arabia. Dr_adalah@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Heavy metals pollution has become one of the most serious problems today and the use of plant biomass for the detoxification of industrial effluents for environmental protection and recovery of valuable metals offers a potential alternative to existing treatment technologies. Considering the fact that Cyperus laevigatus is resistant to polluted environmental and has the capability to accumulate heavy metals in its body, plant biomass itself can also be used to remove heavy metals from contaminated water by harnessing its natural properties. In this research the experimental design technique was used to optimize the biosorption of cadmium and lead ions by Cyperus laevigatus biomass from aqueous solutions, simulating industrial effluents. The removal of Cd+2 and Pb+2 was studied, separately, using the factorial design 23. The three factors screen were pH, temperature (T) and metal ion concentration (X) at two markedly different levels: pH (2.0 and 6.0) T (20 and 45 0C) and X (20 and 800 mg l-1). The most significant effect for Cd+2 and Pb+2 biosorption was ascribed to T. The interaction effect of X. pH and T.X also have a significant influence on the Pb+2 efficiency. A normal distribution was observed between the predicted values (model) and the observed (experimental). 

[Khairia M.Al-Qahtani Biosorption of Cd+2 and Pb+2 on Cyperus laevigatus: application of factorial design analysis] Life Science Journal 2012; 9(4):860-868]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 133

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.133

 

Keywords: Cyperus laevigatus, Biosorption, Factorial experimental design.

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Consequence of changes in the elderly people population: elderly women in Iran

 

Shirazikhah M.1, Mousavi M.T.2, Sahaf R.3, Sarmadi M.4 (Corresponding author)

1. MD. MPH, Research assistant; Iranian Research Center on Aging; Department of Gerontology; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation sciences

2. PHD, Assistant professor of Sociology University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation sciences

3. MD.MPH, PHD, Associated professor, University of social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4. MSc, HSE. Research assistant, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: Goal and Purposes: Iranian older women population is growing and becoming older due to fertility decline and also success of health programs resulting in increases in life expectancy. As in the last two decades the population of elderly women increased from 3% to 4.1% and to 7 percent in recent census. It is expected that over the future decades this increasing trend continues due to the increasing number of elderly women worldwide and markedly increasing of life expectancy of women after 50 years, it is expected that women represent a larger number and proportion of Iran older people population. However, surprisingly, the statistics show that in 1976 to 2005 the population of the elderly women has declined in each decade. This situation occurred while life expectancy in men is usually less than women. Therefore in this paper we try to review the situation of Iranian elderly women in the Iranian population in terms of the elderly woman's health, education, family status, employment, quality of life, social isolation. Methods: This study is a review study that have been made with the views of experts by interview with experts, expert panel, group discussions and also extracting information from relevant books, and articles. Finally, the results were analyzed. Results: Considering the status of elderly women from various dimensions, including physical health, psychological, familial and social we find out that Iranian elderly women are not only vulnerable groups in term of their gender but also are in risk of different problems in elder years. This causes that this group threat double way in terms of quantity and quality of life. In this article we are going to evaluate Iranian older women from different dimensions aimed to attract focus of the politicians and decision makers to the elderly, especially elderly women. Future high quality national studies are required to be conducted in Iran to investigate physical, psychological and social aspects of Iranian older women.

[Shirazikhah, Mousavi M.T., Sahaf R, Sarmadi M. Consequence of changes in the elderly people population: elderly women in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):869-877] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 134

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.134

 

Key words: elderly women, health, social status, familial status

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In Vitro Shoot Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Cymbalaria muralis

 

Aye Aye Thwe1, Sun Kyung Yeo1, Soo Cheon Chae2,*, and Sang Un Park1,*

1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea

2Department of Horticultural Science, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, 1 Daehoe-ri, Yesan-kun, Chungnam, 340-720, Korea

scchae@kongju.ac.kr, supark@cnu.ac.kr

 

Abstract: We developed an efficient protocol for in vitro shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from Cymbalaria muralis leaf explant cultures. Leaf explants were cultured in media containing different concentrations of cytokinins. After determining the most effective cytokinin and cytokinin concentration, we tested the effects of various auxins at different concentrations on the regeneration efficiency and growth of shoots from excised leaf segments. Among the cytokinins tested, zeatin supplementation resulted in the highest shoot initiation efficiency, largest number of shoots per explant, and longest shoots after 6 weeks of culture. In this study, zeatin in combination with an auxin, naphthalene acetic acid, was highly effective for inducing shoot regeneration. Among the cytokinin/auxin combinations tested, supplementation of the culture medium with 1 mg/L zeatin and 0.1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid resulted in the greatest number of shoots per explant (8.3), highest regeneration efficiency (93%), and longest shoot length (27 mm). Zeatin with 0.5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid supplementation resulted in the second-highest values for each of these measures. The combined application of cytokinin and auxin might play a vital role in shoot organogenesis of C. muralis.

[Thwe AA, Yeo SK, Chae SC, Park SU. In Vitro Shoot Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Cymbalaria muralis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):878-881] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 135

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.135

 

Keywords: Cymbalaria muralis, organogenesis, cytokinin, auxin, in vitro, leaf explant

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Shoot Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Leaf Culture of Rehmannia elata L.

 

Thanh Mai Nguyen Thi1, Aye Aye Thwe2, Pham Anh Tuan2,Soo Cheon Chae3,*,Sang Un Park 2,*

 

1. Faculty of Agriculture-Forestry-Fishery,Vinh University, Nghean, Vietnam.

2Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea

3Department of Horticultural Science, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Daehoe-ri, Yesan-kun, Chungnam, 340-720, Korea

scchae@kongju.ac.kr, supark@cnu.ac.kr

 

Abstract: For the regeneration of shoots, leaf segments of Rehmannia elata were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1, 2, or 4 mg L-1) with or without 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) used at 0.1 or 0.5 mg L-1. Regenerated shoots were obtained from the leaf cultures at all BAP concentrations with or without both concentrations of NAA. However, the highest shoot regeneration frequency (92.23%) and shoot number per explant (4.03 shoots) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP (4 mg L-1) and NAA (0.1 mg L-1) solidified with Gelrite (4 g L-1). The survival rate was ~70% when the rooted plants were hardened and transferred to soil. The continuous production of R. elata-regenerated plants from leaf explants under these conditions could be used as a possible micropropagation system for this species.

[Thi TMN, Thwe AA, Tuan PA, Chae SC, Park SU. Shoot Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Leaf Culture of Rehmannia elata L. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):882-885] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 136

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.136

 

Keywords: Rehmannia elata, shoot organogenesis, plant regeneration, leaf explant, in-vitro culture

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Ranking effective factors of training in basis of sustainable agriculture promotion using TOPSIS method

 

Ali Dadaras Moghadam 1, Nona Ghanaat 2, Adel Ranji*3, Babak Mohammadi Sharafshade4

 

1. Department of Extension and education agricultural, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran

2. Department of Mechanics of Agricultural machinery, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN

3.Young researchers club, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University,Takestan, Iran

4.Irrigation Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Student

planing.researcher@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents how the TOPSIS method is used in ranking the training methods that are used for sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is the adoption of eco friendly methods of agriculture that will aid in preserving the environment for future generations. This research is looking into how effective the factors of training for sustainable agriculture are in promoting it. The objective of this research is to find out which method is factor is more effective when it comes to the driving factor of the training on sustainable agriculture. Since this is a problem with multi decisions for the solution, the TOPSIS method is the best to use as it supports the evaluation of multi decision criteria. The TOPSIS method will be used side by side with the AHP method, this is because the weights of criteria will be gotten using the AHP method. The research will give both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the research. The most important part of the assessment is to understand the TOPSIS method and criteria in order to analyze the effectiveness of the training that sustainable agriculture uses. The finding of the research was that the most effective factor that influences the training of sustainable agriculture is increase in crop yield. This is because the increase in crop yield will automatically lead to the other factors; for example, increase in crop yield will lead to improved economic status of the region and its people. The conclusion of the research is based on the most effective factor and the benefits it gives to the regions that decide to adopt sustainable agriculture.

[Ali Dadaras Moghadam, Nona Ghanaat, Adel Ranji, Babak Mohammadi Sharafshade. Ranking effective factors of training in basis of sustainable agriculture promotion using TOPSIS method. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):886-890] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 137

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.137

 

Keywords: TOPSIS, AHP, effective factors on training, sustainable agriculture

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A Study for Analyzing Effects of Design Parameters in the Sand Casting Process of Aluminum Alloy

 

Mirza Jahanzaib1, Syed Athar Masood2, Khalid Akhtar1, Muhammad Shahbaz3

 

1Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

2National University of Science & Technology, College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

3Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Email: jahan.zaib@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: The use of aluminum alloys are of significant use in industry. Studying of design parameters of such products is important as not much work has been done for optimizing it. The generic formulation involves the flow, velocity, continuity fluid dynamics and shape related issues. The time for filling the mould and shape factor also play major role in performance of the casting process. In this paper, a simple shape is chosen, designed and mould is finalized. From casting and then design experiments with the stated parameters, an optimized design values have been obtained. The effects of each design parameter aid us to identify and prioritize them for improvement of the process. This give first rough cut estimate of the variables in sand casting process.

[Syed Athar Masood, Mirza Jahanzaib, Khalid Akhtar. A Study for Analyzing Effects of Design Parameters in the Sand Casting Process of Aluminum Alloy. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):891-898] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 138

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.138

 

Keywords: Sand casting; Optimized design; Pareto Analysis; Design of Experiments

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The Effect of Osteoporosis on Facial Dimensions and Indices

 

Sami A. Algaidi1 and Wael M. Elsaed1,2

 

1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia

2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mansoura University, Egypt

algaidi@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a common medical condition affecting over 5% of the population. It affects all bones, including those of the facial skeleton, which in turn might have an effect on facial dimensions and indices. We examined 196 healthy volunteer adults and 155 osteoporotic patients. Three longitudinal, transverse and diagonal measurements were taken and three indices were estimated. Osteoporosis was found to increased most of the dimensions in male and female patients. However, it decreases some parameters and indices that include upper facial length, total facial length, nasal width, upper facial index and prospective index. We also found that some of the studied parameters significantly changed in one gender, but did not change in the other. The parameters used in this study can be used as indicators of the effect of osteoporosis on facial dimensions. However, more studies are required to confirm the current findings considering the duration of the disease and the effect of treatment.

[Sami A. Algaidi and Wael M. Elsaed. The Effect of Osteoporosis on Facial Dimensions and Indices. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):899-903] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 139

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.139

 

Key words: Osteoporosis, Facial skeleton, Facial Indices

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The impact of Accounting Standards on Earnings Persistence: Evidence from Iran

 

Hassan Zohdi1 (Corresponding author), Abdolghafour Mohammadzadeh2, Mahdi Toujgi Zabol3, Alireza Dehvari4, Aminollah Tavassoli5

 

1- Faculty member of Karaj University

2- Faculty member of saravan Islamic Azad University

3- Faculty member of Zabol Islamic Azad University

4- Faculty member of Saravan Islamic Azad University

5- Faculty member of Zabol Islamic Azad University

 

Abstract: In this research, we evaluated earnings persistence based on the accounting standards. Therefore, two time intervals were considered, a 5-year period (1996-2000) before the execution of accounting standards and a 5-year period (2001-2005) after the execution of accounting standards. To extract the necessary data, audited financial statements and existing software packages such as DENA SAHM and comprehensive stock exchange software packages were used. Research results show that accounting standards can affect earnings persistence.

[Hassan Zohdi, Abdolghafour Mohammadzadeh, Mahdi Toujgi Zabol, Alireza Dehvari, Aminollah Tavassoli. The impact of Accounting Standards on Earnings Persistence: Evidence from Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):904-909] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 140

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.140

 

Keywords: Profit Quality, Earnings Persistence, Accounting Standards

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Iranian Nursing Students’ Experiences and Viewpoints of Clinical Evaluation: a qualitative study

 

Mehrnoosh Pazargadi1, Tahereh Ashktorab2, Sharareh Khosravi3, Safar Ali Esmaili Vardanjani4

 

1- Associate Professor, PhD of Educational Management School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2- Associate Professor, PhD of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3- PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4- Ms in nursing education, Shahrekord university of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

shararehkh2011@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nursing students` clinical evaluation is an important subject in nursing clinical education. Some studies mentioned issues in nursing students` clinical evaluation that manifest in students` complaints and frequent meetings between students and instructors to discuss some problems in this area. Despite some efforts, this subject is still a major challenge for all people involved. So we need to know much more about it, especially from the view of nursing students because they are the one who are evaluated and are at the center of the experience. The aim of this study is determining nursing students` experiences and perspective about their clinical evaluation. This is a descriptive qualitative study. Participants were selected in nursing and midwifery schools of 3 medical Universities, involving baccalaureate nursing students in 3rd and 4th year of nursing education. Sampling method was purposive and was continued to the point of data saturation. Totally 40 students participated in 6 focus groups. Content analysis was applied to analyze the data. During analysis 4 themes and 10 subthemes were emerged including evaluators` issues (professional characteristics of educator, self-evaluation, clinical nurses), evaluation necessities (tool proficiency, practical evaluation), evaluation process (goal-oriented evaluation, evaluation time and type) and emotional environment of evaluation (relationship, confidence). Results showed many challenges nursing students confronted in clinical evaluation. They said they have issues with people participated in evaluation and their way of participation, strategies and methods used in evaluation, clinical evaluation planning and emotional environment in evaluation; which influence their clinical evaluation. It seems; considering the mentioned issues, clinical evaluation process needs an overall revise in order to correctly assess students` progress toward clinical learning objectives so facilitate the development of students into safe, ethical and accountable practitioners.

[Pazargadi P, Ashktorab T, Khosravi S, Esmaili Vardanjani SA. Iranian Nursing Students’ Experiences and Viewpoints of Clinical Evaluation: a qualitative study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):910-916] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 141

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.141

 

Keywords: Iranian Nursing Students; Experiences; Viewpoint; Clinical Evaluation; qualitative study

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Population Aging Trend and Necessity of Geriatric Medicine in IRAN.

 

  1. Ali Alizadeh, PhD of Health Education. Department of Education. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

  2. Mirza Ali Nazarnejhad, MD. Shahid Mohammadi Clinical Development Research center Department of Research and Technology. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

  3. Jahan Pour Ali Pour, PhD of Health Education. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran

  4. GholamaliJavidan, PhD of Nutrition. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran

  5. AbdolazimNejatizadeh, MD PhD. Assisstant Professor of Molecular Genetics. ShahidMohammadi Clinical Development Research center Department of Research and Technology. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

  6. Syed Mohamad Moosavi, MD. Associate professor of gasteroenterology. Department of Education. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

  7. Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari, MD. ShahidMohammadi Clinical Development Research center Department of Research and Technology. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas. Iran

st.eghbal@yahoo.ca

 

Abstract: As the world population is getting older, health care for elderly becomes important. Distribution of specialties related to elderly health care is highly variable. To assess the distribution of specialties related to elderly and the aged population (i.e. over 65 yrs.) a prospective analytical study was designed from 1999-2009. During this 10 year period ageing process was increasing, initially slow but rapid in the last years. Internists, cardiologists, neuro-psychiatrics, and neurologists in the beginning of period had an increasing trend and declined in the mid-period then had decreasing trends. Orthopedic surgeons were almost increasing in all of the decade. In present, the number of geriatricians are fewer than 10 in the whole country, and health policy should move toward health care providing for elderly. Keeping in mind that aging process is increasing recently, number of specialists and physicians caring for elderly should also increase. (abstract: truncated at: 144 words).

[Ali Alizadeh, Mirza Ali Nazarnejhad, Jahan Pour Ali Pour, Gholamali Javidan, Abdolazim Nejatizadeh, Shahid Mohammadi, Syed Mohamad Moosavi, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari. Population Aging Trend and Necessity of Geriatric Medicine in IRAN. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):917-922] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 142

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.142

 

Key words: ageing, geriatrics, population

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Use of artificial neural network for medical risk assessment analysis

 

Mariam K Hafshejani1, Manochehr Sattari Naeini2, Aboosaleh Mohammadsharifi3, Ameneh Langari*4

 

1Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2Department of Biology, Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran

3Engineering Group, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

4 North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Corresponding author email: amenehlangari@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: For new medical products and new drugs, unanticipated side effects that rise after consuming the new product is a dominant factor in decision making. In this project, an artificial neural network (NN) engine is designed and developed by the authors to the aim of a medical risk assessment. Firstly, an appropriate NN system is designed and trained. We mostly concerned with the procedure of how the developed NN construction and training. The designed NN for this case has three layers of neuron. These three layers include an input layer, a hidden layer and finally an output layer, with 25 neurons in the hidden layer. The results from NN models can match the data used for training.

[Hafshejani M K, Sattari Naeini M, Mohammadsharifi A, Langari A. Use of Artificial Neural Network for Medical Risk Assessment Analysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):923-925] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 143

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.143

 

Keywords: Medical risk assessment, Neural network (NN)

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Lichen wealth of Jammu and Kashmir- A promising plant source for Bioprospection

 

1Manzoor Ul Haq, 1Zafar A Reshi, 2D. K. Upreti and M.A. Sheikh

 

1.Department of Botany,University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India

2.CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India

haqmanzoor@ymail.com

 

Abstract: So far 279 lichen species belonging to 79 genera and 33 families have been reported from the state of Jammu & Kasmir. The taxa under lichen families Parmeliaceae and Physiaceae dominates the state. Genera such as Xanthoria, Cladonia, Lecanora and Caloplaca showed the maximum diversity of species. The paper presents occurrence and probable utilization of lichens for bioprospection in the state.

[Manzoor Ul Haq, Zafar A Reshi, D. K. Upreti and M.A. Sheikh. Lichen wealth of Jammu and Kashmir- A promising plant source for Bioprospection. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):926-929] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 144

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.144

 

Keywords: Lichen; Jammu & Kashmir; Diversity; Biomonitoring.

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Influence of Hesperidin combined with Sinemet on genetical and biochemical abnormalities in rats suffering from Parkinson’s disease

 

Hiam Rushdy A. Salem1, Amira Abd El-Raouf Mohamed2*, Eman M. Saleh1 and Kamal A.F. Shalaby1

 

1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt, 11566.

2Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, El-Dokii, Giza, Egypt.

Corresponding Author: amiraabdelraoof@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disabling neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe difficulties with body motions and associated with autonomic dysfunction, depression, and dementia. Oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD and oxidative damage characterizes proteins, lipids, and DNA in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of PD patients. To date, L-dopa is the most effective medication for controlling PD symptoms, although long-term treatment can enhance oxidative stress and accelerate the degenerative process of residual cells. Thus, the inhibition of oxidation of L-dopa and the inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation are important strategies for neuro-protective therapy. Therefore, efforts are made not only to improve the effect of L-dopa treatment for PD, but also to investigate new drugs with both antioxidant and neuro-protective effects. Hespiridin (HDN), a naturally occurring flavonoid presents in fruits and vegetables, has been reported to exert a wide range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and neuro-protective actions. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) was used in this study as an animal model of PD. Model of CPF-induced Parkinsonism in rats produced neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, hyper-lipidemia, hyperglycemia and DNA damage. Seventy male rats were used in this study and divided into seven equal groups. After 6 weeks, the following groups were studied, control group, CPF group, HDN group, Sinemet group, CPF+HDN group, CPF+Sinemet group, and CPF+HDN+Sinemet group. Here in the present study, the treatment of parkinsonism with HDN alone or combined with sinemet provided a neuroprotection effect when given early in the course of the disease. In conclusion, HDN could be recommended as a disease-modifying therapy when given alone or mixed with L-dopa in course of Parkinson’s disease.

[Hiam Rushdy A. Salem, Amira Abd El-Raouf Mohamed, Eman M. Saleh and Kamal A.F. Shalaby. Influence of Hesperidin combined with Sinemet on genetical and biochemical abnormalities in rats suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):930-945] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 145

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.145

 

Key words: Hesperidin, Sinemet, Chloropyrifos, Pakinson’s disease, Antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage.

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Identifying and Prioritization Effective Factors in MRP implementation Using FAHP Approach

 

1Reza Kiani mavi, 2Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani, 3Hamid Bahrami, 4*Davood Gharakhani

 

1Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

2Assistant Professor, Department of Management, South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran

3Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

4*Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author) E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: MRP is a plan for the production and purchase of the components used in making items in the master production schedule. It shows the quantities needed and when manufacturing intends to make or use them.MRP is a commonly accepted approach for replenishment planning in major companies (Gharakhani et al., 2011). Implementation of any production system requires that all of the factors identified in its implementation and also determine the importance of each. In this study the researcher to identify and prioritize the Effective Factors in MRP implementation. The survey results show that the most important Effective Factors in MRP implementation are Top management support and Formal project planning. Moreover, the less important factor is software / hardware Characteristics.

[Reza Kiani mavi, Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani, Hamid Bahrami, Davood Gharakhani. Identifying and Prioritization Effective Factors in MRP implementation Using FAHP Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):946-951] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 146

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.146

 

Keywords: material requirements planning, project planning, Fuzzy set, AHP

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Policy Analysis: investigating the critical success factors toward financial sector of Iran

 

Dr. Lotfollah Forouzandeh 1, Mohammad Aidi 2

 

1.Assistant Professor at Tarbiat Modaress University

2. Faculty Member of Ilam University

 

Abstract: Policy analysis is determining which of various alternative policies will most achieve a given set of goals in light of the relations between the policies and the goals. For an organization or any institution it is vital to determine which on strategies, plans or policies are better performed than others and finally policy makers can make better decisions towards organizational objectives or vision. The main purpose of this applied research is to investigate the critical success factors of policy analysis in the financial sector of Iran. To achieve this purpose, after detailed review of literature by using a questionnaire essential critical success factors of policy analysis in the financial sector have been identified and presented. Indeed, Critical success factors (CSFs) have been used significantly to present or identify a few key factors that organisations should focus on to be successful. Required data has been gathered by using viewpoints of study’s experts. Basic tool for data analysis are SPSS18.0. Results of this study can be very useful both in theoretical and applied viewpoints especially based on the research conceptual framework.

[Lotfollah Forouzandeh, Mohammad Aidi. Policy Analysis: investigating the critical success factors toward financial sector of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):952-956] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 147

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.147

 

Keywords: policy analysis, financial sector, CSFs, strategy, applied research.

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Effect of Ultra Short Pulse Laser on dentin structural changes and surface roughness

 

Ola. M. Sakr

 

Departments of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia & Misr University for Science and Technology\, Egypt

olasakr2004@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this study, the structure, and surface morphology of dentin after ablation with ultra-short pulses (USPL) were evaluated using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) with EDAX analysis and scanning electron microscope micrographs. The dentin specimens examined were irradiated by (100, 300 and 400 mJ) of ultra short pulse laser. Based on EDAX results, it was possible to identify the suitable energy density as the ablation threshold for dentin. The results demonstrate that by selecting suitable parameters one can obtain efficient dentin surface preparation without evidence of structural changes and thermal damage, i.e., with minimized heat affected zones and reduced collateral damage, which characterized by formation of microcracks, grain growth and recrystallization in the heat affected zones.

[Ola. M. Sakr. Effect of Ulrra Short Pulse Laser on dentin structural changes and surface roughness. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):957-962] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 148

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.148

 

Keywords: Dentin, USPL ablation, Surface structure modification, EDAX, ESEM

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Study of extremely low frequency electromagnetic wave effects on the acetylcholine and, achievements on the Alzheimer disease

 

A.Mollai1, Z.Emami1*, H.Damsaz1,A.Haghpeima1,B.Haghighi1

1Department of physics, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: Zahra emami, Department of physics, Faculty of Sciences,

Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch, Iran

E-mail: zahra_sh_emami@yahoo.com

Phone# +985118435000, Fax# +985118424020

 

Abstract: There are different achievements about the Electromagnetic waves interaction with acetylcholine and the resultant studies on the Alzheimer patients. Because the acetylcholine intermediate enzyme is reduced in the brain of these patients, based upon some research works it is believed that the absorption of electromagnetic field in acetylcholine may tend to increased this enzyme amounts in the brain of these patients, then in this research we studied the excitation and the radiation absorption process effects of the extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves in the acetylcholine from this magnetic field. The absorption process calculated with the aid of IR (Infra Red), UV (Ultra violet), and the Visible spectroscope devices.

[A.Mollai, Z.Emami, H.Damsaz,A.Haghpeima and B.Haghighi. Study of extremely low frequency electromagnetic wave effects on the acetylcholine and, achievements on the Alzheimer disease. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):963-973] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 149

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.149

 

Key words:: Aging disease, Alzheimer disease, Acetylcholine, UV-visible spectroscopy

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Prediction of PEF and LITH logs using MRGC approach

 

Mahdi Pabakhsh1, Kamyar Ahmadi2*, Mohammad Ali Riahi3 and Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri4

 

1M.Sc. Student of Exploration Petroleum Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran; m.pabakhsh.oil.eng@gmail.com

2Academic staff and Faculty member, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

3Associate professor, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; mariachi@ut.ac.ir

4Assistant professor, Department of Geophysics, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan branch, Hamedan, Iran; a_abbaszadeh@iauh.ac.ir

 *Corresponding Author: k.ahmadi@srbiau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The Fuzzy logic method offers superior log estimation properties for a large class of well log functions and has been employed as a standard tool in formation evaluation of Oil production zones. However it suffers from spurious behavior in the vicinity of edge trends in log signals. In this article, we used The MULTI-RESOLUTION GRAPH-BASED CLUSTERIN (MRGC) Supervised framework for obtaining lithology properties from PEF & LITH logs that estimated in one of the Well (D) in the field since there is no core data in most wells. Estimations are performed from basic information and model logs of another well (A), including RHOB, NPHI, DT, PHIE, and NDS. Taking advantage of this framework, we show that it is feasible to recover log data from a relatively accurate method especially in inhomogeneous formation than the Fuzzy logic method.

 [Mahdi Pabakhsh, Kamyar Ahmadi, Mohammad Ali Riahi and Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri. Prediction of PEF and LITH logs using MRGC approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):974-982] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 150

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.150

 

Keywords: Pef log, Lith log, Estimate, MRGC, Fuzzy Logic

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Perceived risk of security and privacy in online shopping: A study of Malaysia context

 

Marzieh Zendehdel1, Laily Hj Paim (Corresponding author) 2

 

1. Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University

Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor

2. Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra

Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Tel: 006-03-89467051

niaz_z7@yahoo.com Laily@putra.upm.edu.my

 

Abstract: Online shopping is a new phenomenon in the field of E-Business and is certainly going to be the future of shopping in the world. Though online shopping is very common outside Malaysia, its growth in Malaysian Market, which is a large and strategic consumer market, is still not in line with the global market. The present research paper has used exploratory study to highlight the various factors and variables impacting the behavior of consumers towards on-line shopping in Malaysia. Data was collected from students’ samples in Malaysia. SEM (Structural Equation Model) was used to test the hypotheses and confirmed the fit of the model. The researcher found that there are three factors for explaining attitude and intention towards online shopping, which are privacy, security and subjective norm. The results show that if students worry about whether their information due to the process of online shopping will be used for other purposes, it will reduce their purchase attitude.

[M. Zendehdel, L. Paim. Perceived risk of security and privacy in online shopping: A study of Malaysia context. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):983-987] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 151

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.151

 

Key words: Online shopping, Perceived risk, privacy, security, attitude, intention.

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Formal Modeling towards the Context Free Grammar

 

Nazir Ahmad Zafar1, Sher Afzal Khan2, Fahad Alhumaidan1, Bushra Kamran3

 

 1Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

 2Department of Computer Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

3Faculty of Information Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

nazafar@kfu.edu.sa; sher.afzal@awkum.edu.pk; falhumaidan@kfu.edu.sa; bushra.kamran@ucp.edu.pk

 

Abstract: The language to control objects is a primary requirement in design of a complex system. Context free grammar plays an important role in modeling control functionalities of a system by grammatical rules. This generates naturally the operation of a system by the language which having commands in the form of strings generated by variables which are nested inside variables arbitrarily deeply. The formal method Z is an ideal notation which is used for describing state space of a system and then defining operations over it. Consequently, an integration of context free grammar and Z will be an effective tool for increasing modeling power for a complex system. In this paper, we have given a procedure for integrating CFG and Z. Formal definition of a CFG is defined. Then derivation of a string and further development of formal language is formalized. The specification of this relationship is analyzed and validated using Z/EVES tool.

[Zafar NA, Khan SA, Alhumaidan F, Kamran B. Formal Modeling towards the Context Free Grammar. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):988-993] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 152

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.152

 

Keywords: Integration of approaches; Context free languages; Formal specification Z; Model checking.

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Semantic Web Specification using Z-Notation

 

Sher Afzal Khan1, Aamir Aziz Hashmi 2, Fahad Alhumaidan3 and Nazir Ahmad Zafar3

 

1Department of Computer Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

2Department of Networking, Virtual University of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan

3Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

sher.afzal@awkum.edu.pk; ana1-isb@vu.edu.pk; {falhumaidan,nazafar}@kfu.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Current World Wide Web means to display pages to end user, while the Semantic Web is a vision of a next-generation network focuses on "Meaning" instead of merely pasting arbitrary text on a page. An intelligent software agents use information to organize and filter data to meet the user's needs. DAML+OIL and Web Ontology Language OWL are the current environments to create Ontology over RDF and XML structures which are used to represent data intelligently among different Ontologies. To assure quality and accurateness in Ontologies in the early design stage, we used the Z-specification which is a formal language based on discrete mathematics such as predicate logic, sets, relations and functions to specify the behavior of Semantic Web. Further, we applied a transformation from schemas written in Z-specification to OWL. The formal specification is described and validated using Z/EVES tool. A fundamental goal of this research is to transform a verified and validated specification to OWL to design Ontologies.

[Khan SA, Hashmi AA, Alhumaidan F, Zafar NA. Semantic Web Specification using Z-Notation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):994-1000] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 153

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.153

 

Keywords: Semantic Web; Ontology; Formal Methods; Z-specification

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Anatomical and Morphometrical Study of the Alimentary Canal of the Lizard Scincus scincus and the snake Natrix tessellata

 

1Ahlam M. El- Bakry, 2Ahmed M. Abdeen and 1Rasha E. Abo- Eleneen

 

1Department of Zoology- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University

2Department of Zoology- Faculty of Science- Mansoura University

amalbakry2@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the most interesting systems of reptiles. The present study aimed to study the anatomical, histological and morphometrical features of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the lizard Scincus scincus and the snake Natrix tessellata. The wall of the different regions of the alimentary tract is built up of four layers, from outside inwards: serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa. The oesophageal mucosa is formed of simple columnar epithelium in Scincus scincus, while in Natrix tessellata it consists of simple columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells. In the studied species, the mucosa of the stomach displayed numerous gastric glands which opened with gastric pits while, the mucosa of the intestine is consisted of simple columnar epithelium containing goblet cells. The intestinal glands are completely absent in the two species. There are great differences between the oesophagus, stomach and intestine histochemically in both species. Generally, the length of the whole gastrointestinal organs is sex-dependent. No significant difference was found in between the organ lengths in both sexes of the studied species. In conclusion, variation in the structure of the GIT appears to be related to the difference in their habitats or their vital activities.

[Ahlam M. El- Bakry, Ahmed M. Abdeen and Rasha E. Abo- Eleneen. Anatomical and Morphometrical Study of the Alimentary Canal of the Lizard Scincus scincus and the snake Natrix tessellate. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1010-1022] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 155

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.155

 

Key words: Anatomy- Histology- Morphometry- Alimentary canal- Reptiles

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A Review of different Approaches of Land Cover Mapping

 

Gul Afzal Khan1, Sher Afzal Khan2, Nazir Ahmad Zafar3, Farooq Ahmad4 and Saeed Islam2

 

1Department of Information Technology, College of Aeronautical Engineering PAF Academy Risalpur, Pakistan

2Department of Computer sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

3Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

4Department of Information Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

gafzal@cae.nust.edu.pk

 

Abstract: In this study, a survey of land cover mapping and their classification techniques is done. Land cover mapping plays a very important role in making land policy, land management and land analysis. In this survey different approaches are studied that were applied for land cover mapping such as an Artificial Neural Network (ANNs), Fuzzy Logic, Supervised, Unsupervised and Maximum Likelihood. The objective of this research is to analyze, evaluate and compare different algorithms for the classification of land cover and also evaluate and compare the methods to overcome the problems which are faced during classifications.

[Khan GA, Khan SA, Zafar NA and Islam S. A Review of different Approaches of Land Cover Mapping. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1023-1032] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 156

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.156

 

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Fuzzy Logic and Maximum Likelihood.

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Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian inhibits ileum contractions through voltage dependent and beta adrenergic receptors

 

Sedighi M (MSc) 1, Rafieian-kopaei. M (PhD) 1*, Noori-Ahmadabadi M (MD student) 1

 

1 Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

*Corresponding author: Professor in Pharmacology, Medical Plants Research Center,

Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

E-mail: rafieian@skums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The anti-spasm properties of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian have been mentioned in Iranian traditional medicine and it is used to gastrointestinal disorders treatment. The plant leaf alcoholic extract cumulative effect of this plant on Wistar rats ileum contractions and expression of its probable mechanism was investigated in this research. Hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared by maceration method using 70% ethanol. Forty eight male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were randomly designated to 6 random groups with 8 rats in each, in this interventional research as following. Control group, cumulative concentrations of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian extract receiving group, propranolol receiving group, naloxone receiving group, L-NAME receiving group, and sodium chloride receiving group. Ileum samples were taken from rat and subjected to 1gr tension in tissue-bath containing tyrode solution. Isotonic contractions was recorded following addition of potassium chloride (60mM), saline or 10% and 20% cumulative concentrations of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian extract. In order to understand the above mechanism, ileum was incubated with L-NAME, naloxone or propranolol and also affected by different doses of calcium chloride. Then, the observed effect was recorded and the variation percentage was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by parametric test, repeated measures, ANOVA and t test. Findings: 10% and 20% cumulative concentrations from alcoholic extracts of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian could reduce contractions caused by potassium chloride (P<0.001). There was a significant different between extracts of 10% and 20% groups (P>0.05). Beta adrenergic receptor blocker (1µM propranolol), significantly decreased the contractions caused by potassium chloride (P-value=0.013) but nitric oxide inhibitor (100 µM L-NAME) and opioid receptor blocker (1µM naloxone) had no effect on this contraction. Calcium was also caused tissue contraction depolarized by potassium chloride and this contraction effect reduced by cumulative concentration (P<0.001). In general it can be concluded that Kelussia alcoholic extracts can inhibit ileum contractions of rat through the effect on voltage dependent and beta adrenergic receptors and it might be used to relieve intestinal spasms.

 [Sedighi M, Rafieian-kopaei M and Noori-Ahmadabadi M. Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian inhibits ileum contractions through voltage dependent and beta adrenergic receptors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1033-1038]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 157

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.157

 

Key words: Kelussia leaf, ileum, rat.

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A New Coherent Technique for Real-Time Shadow Generation with Respect to the Sun’s Position

 

Hoshang Kolivand 1, Mohd Shahrizal Sunar 2, Ayman Altameem3, Amjad Rehman4

 

1,2,4UTM ViCubelab, Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310, Johor, Malaysia

3College of Applied Studies and Community Services King Saud University Riyadh KSA

rkamjad@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Soft shadow with respect to the sun’s position in virtual environments is a fascinating topic in outdoor rendering. A coherent mathematic formula to create shadow with respect to the sun’s position in specific location, date and time can make outdoor rendering as easy as indoor rendering. A target of this study is to propose a new coherent formula to do this. Outdoor rendering using a coherent formula will eliminate worrying about the sun’s position and shadow status during the daytime. Low frames per second (FPS) in real-time rendering is a crucial problem in computer graphics, especially in soft shadow generation. A novel technique to create soft shadow in virtual environments is proposed. Geometric progression to select the color and a combination formula using sequence progression are proposed to determine the sample size. The new soft shadow generation, in addition to increasing FPS, enhances the quality of soft shadows. Finally, we strongly contend that the proposed technique can be used in commercial gaming and virtual reality systems.

[Kolivand, H, Sunar, M.S., Altameem, A., Rehman, A. A New Coherent Technique for Real-Time Shadow Generation with Respect to the Sun’s Position. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1039-1045] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 158

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.158

 

Keywords: real-time shadow, sun’s position, projection shadow, geometric progression, real-time rendering

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The Comparison of Iranian School Children Performance in Self-concept, Self-efficacy, Self-esteem and Anxiety

 

Maryam Sahranavard1, *Siti Aishah Hassan2, Habibah Elias1, Maria Chong Abdullah1

 

1. Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra

Malaysia (UPM), 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2. Department of Counselor Education & Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Educational Studies,

Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Sahra1102004@yahoo.com; * siti_aishahh@putra.upm.edu.my

 

Abstract: The main objective of the present study is to explore the comparison of male and female school children performance in students’ psychosocial factors; general self-concept, science self-concept, self-efficacy, science self-efficacy, self-esteem, anxiety, and science anxiety among lower secondary school children. The participants in the study consisted of 680 lower secondary school children, 14 year olds (317 male and 363 female) at Tehran and Shahriar city, the province of Tehran, Iran. Five valid and reliable instruments were used to assess Self-concept Attribute Attitude Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, General Self-Efficacy, and Science Self-Efficacy. Descriptive statistics, and to compare male and female students in different variables, MANOVA was used. The results showed that, except for self-concept, there is significant difference in science self-concept, self-efficacy, science self-efficacy, self-esteem, anxiety, and science anxiety between male and female students. This study supports the old finding that boys perform better than girls in the courses related to physics and this worthy performance has been reflected in their science self-concept and has resulted in larger mean score in boys in this psychological variable rather than girls.

[Sahranavard. M, Hassan. SA., Elias. H. Abdullah, MC. Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1046-1052] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 159

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.159

 

Keywords: self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem, anxiety, gender, school children

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FLT3 internal tandem duplication and JAK2 V617F mutations in de novo acute myelogenous leukemia: relation with induction chemotherapy and overall survival

 

Magda M Assem1, Magda M Noshy2, Ghada M Elsayed1, Hanan R Nassar3 Gamal Thabet1, Ghada M Sherif 4 and Aida K Ahmad2

 

1Clinical Pathology and Oncologic Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer institute, Cairo University, Egypt

2Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt

3Medical oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

4 Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, National Cancer institute, Cairo University, Egypt

elsayed276@yahoo.com; magda_assem123@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Molecular characterization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) allows prognostic stratification and assessment of the chances of durable treatment response. The presence of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation as well as the allelic ratio (ITD-AR) and JAK2 V617F mutation may be associated with clinical outcome in patients with AML. FLT3-ITD and JAK2 V617F mutation status was determined for 194 patients with de novo AML. ITD-AR was calculated for patients with FLT3- ITD. Clinical characteristics and outcomes for patients with different FLT3 genotypes were compared. In the total group of 194 patients, FLT3- ITD mutation was detected in 34 (17.5%) patients, 30 (18.8%) adults and 4 (11.8%) pediatric. JAK2-V617F mutation was detected in one patient (0.5%). Among the adult group, patients with FLT3/ITD had a significantly elevated diagnostic white blood cell count (WBC) compared to patients with FLT3 WT/WT genotype (p=0.02).Sixty three (61.2%) achieved complete remission (CR), 52 (82.5 %) were of the FLT3 WT/WT genotype and 11(17.5%) of the FLT3 WT/ITD genotype (p=0.75). Overall survival (OS) of patients with FLT3 WT/ITD group was shorter (28.5%) when compared with for the FLT3 WT/WT group (40.8%) although no significant difference was detected(p=0.2). The disease free survival (DFS) for patients with FLT3 WT/ITD genotype was (100%) compared to (86%) for patients with FLT3 WT/WT genotype, with no significant difference (p=0.3) between the two groups. In conclusion we found that FLT3-ITD mutation is a frequent finding in adult patients with de novo AML. There is a significant association between FLT3-ITD mutation with high WBC count and a tendency towards a worse prognosis. The ratio of mutant to wild allele level may have a strong relation to the patient outcome. JAK2-V617F mutation is infrequent finding in de novo AML.

[Magda M Assem, Magda M Noshy, Ghada M Elsayed, Hanan R Nassar, Gamal Thabet, Ghada M Sherif and Aida K Ahmad. FLT3 internal tandem duplication and JAK2 V617F mutations in de novo acute myelogenous leukemia: relation with induction chemotherapy and overall survival. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1053-1060]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 160

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.160

 

Key words: AML, FLT3-ITD, JAK2 V617F

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Current Research And Future Development In Leprosy And Tuberculosis Control

 

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi1, Kazemzadeh Fariba2 and Borhani Mohammad 3

 

  1. Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

Email: mehdi_dna@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author); Phone: +98 (0) 935 979 3491

  1. Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

  2. Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

 

Abstract: During recent years we have witnessed a burst of activity in leprosy research. By definition, leprosy is an infectious disease, the causative organism being cobacterium leprae. The leprosy bacillus is virtually non-toxic and may occur in large amounts in tissues with only moderate clinical symptoms. In fact, leprosy may to a great extent be regarded as an immunological disease since most symptoms arc due to immune reactions against antigens liberated from the leprosy bacilli. During recent years leprosy research has been centred, to a great extent, around studies of immunological phenomena since a better understanding of basic immunological mechanisms would provide a rational basis for improved treatment of patients with established disease, and for advancements in our understanding of the epidemiology of leprosy and its control.

[Esmaeilzadeh M, Kazemzadeh F, Borhani M. Current Research And Future Development In Leprosy And Tuberculosis Control. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1061-1064] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 161

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.161

 

Keywords: Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Research and Development

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Health, Development And Primary Health Care

 

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi1, Kazemzadeh Fariba2 and Borhani Mohammad 3

 

  1. Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

Email: mehdi_dna@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author); Phone: +98 (0) 935 979 3491

  1. Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

  2. Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

 

Abstract: The peoples and countries of the Third World are struggling to overcome the effects of centuries of colonial dependency and unequal world relationships. These effects can be seen clearly in the area of human health. For example, of the 1978 world total of 17 million early childhood deaths (i.e., those under five years of age) around 97% took place in the Third World (1). If all the countries of the world had the same early childhood mortality rates as those of Northern Europe there would have been only 2 million such deaths. The relationship between such appalling health conditions health conditions and wider social structures is highlighted in the Six World Health Situation Report (1973-1977), prepared by the World Health Organization (2).

[Esmaeilzadeh M, Kazemzadeh F, Borhani M. Health, Development And Primary Health Care. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1065-1073] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 162

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.162

 

Keywords: Health, Development, Primary Health Care

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Historical Review on the Reproductive Technologies and Islamic Perspective

 

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi1 and Kazemzadeh Fariba2

 

  1. Department of Basic Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Email: mehdi_dna@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author); Phone: +98 (0) 935 979 3491

2. Department of Basic Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

 

Abstract: The new technologies in assisted reproduction has provoked considerable discussions and debates across all segments of human society. These revolutionary procedures in ART has probed the outermost boundaries of what is scientifically possible and acceptable. Micro manipulation at the very earliest stages of human development is a very delicate and sensitive issue with potentially explosive ethical, social, medico-legal and religious ramifications. Hence the turbulent and not uncommonly hostile controversies that has since evolved. The Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences (IOMS), first addressed this issue on human reproduction in May 1983. Human reproductive cloning, an offshoot of ART, which is currently attracting a lot of public and media attention was similarly addressed at this 1983 seminar. Since the IOMS seminar, there has been a multitude of medico-Islamic jurisprudence seminars to discuss various contemporary issues related to ART. This essay attempts to present historical review on the reproductive technologies and Islamic Perspective.

[Esmaeilzadeh M, Kazemzadeh F. Historical Review on the Reproductive Technologies and Islamic Perspective. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1074-1078] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 163

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.163

 

Keywords: Historical Review, Reproductive Technologies, Islamic Perspective

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Sexual Behavior And Knowledge Of Aids & Other Stds: A Survey Of Senior High School Students

 

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi1and Kazemzadeh Fariba2

 

  1. Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

Email: mehdi_dna@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author); Phone: +98 (0) 935 979 3491

2. Department of Basic Science,Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar,Iran

 

ABSTRACT: The major objective of this study has been to examine the sexual behavior and level of knowledge of AIDS and other STDs of students at a senior high school. 116 students from the 9th to 12th grades provided information. Most of them believe that AIDS is the most serious disease the country faces. On the average, the students have modest knowledge on AIDS, but low level of knowledge on other STDs. The results show that over a third of the students have experienced sex, and most of them never use any protective means to avoid STDs.

[Esmaeilzadeh M, Kazemzadeh F. Sexual Behavior And Knowledge Of Aids & Other Stds: A Survey Of Senior High School Students. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1079-1085] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 164

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.164

 

Keywords: Sexual Behavior, AIDS, STDs, High School Student

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Serum Autoantibodies in Chronic Hepatitis C: Comparison with Hepatitis C/Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome in Egypt

 

Khaled Metwally1, Samia A. Abdo2, Soheir Badr3, Maryam A. Abdurrhman4 and Nazek K. Saafan5,Abear Mohamady Abdel- Bary5 and Manal H. Abbas

 

1Rheumatology Unit, 2Gastroenterology unit, 3Oncology diagnostic unit, 4Rheumatology department and 5Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo-Egypt.

Soheir_badr@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C virus—autoimmune hepatitis (HCV/AIH) overlap syndrome had been described in the literature since the early 1990s with numerous case reports and proposed guidelines of management. However, definitive diagnosis for the syndrome remains controversial and there are still no formalized treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to test how hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated autoantibodies differs from those of AIH in terms of titer and sub specificities and to find the best combination of antibodies in discrimination between the two conditions. Methods: Liver biopsy and blood samples were taken from clinically and serologically confirmed patients with chronic HCV infection (n=57) and patients suspected to have HCV/AIH overlap syndrome (n=21).HCV infection was determined by detection of anti-HCV antibodies using a third-generation enzyme immunoassay and active virus replication defined by quantitative measurement of HCV RNA. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and its pattern, anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), Anti-Actin antibody (AA), Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), anti liver-Kidney microsome-1(anti-LKM1) and perinuclear staining of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p- ANCA) were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Anti-soluble liver antigen (SLA) was measured by ELIZA. Serum protein electrophoresis was done for gamma globulin measurement. Results: Statically significant difference regarding serum autoantibodies positivity and subspecificities were evident between chronic hepatitis C and HCV/AIH overlap syndrome patients. Elevated γ-globulins was the best test for selecting HCV/AIH overlap syndrome patients out of chronic HCV patients, followed by anti-actin, atypical p-ANCA, the homogeneous ANA pattern, the worse was ASMA. Positivity for AMA, anti-LKM-1 and SLA antibodies were not observed in all patients sera. The best combination was homogeneous ANA, anti-actin SMA and p –ANCA with sensitivity 85.71%, specificity 73.68%, and accuracy 76.92%. Conclusions: Serum autoantibodies positivity and sub-specificities should be used in differentiation between chronic hepatitis C and HCV/AIH overlap syndrome. The best combination was homogeneous ANA, anti-actin SMA and p–ANCA.

[Khaled Metwally, Samia A. Abdo, Soheir Badr, Maryam A. Abdurrhman, and Nazek K. Saafan, Abear Mohamady Abdel- Bary and Manal H. Abbas. Serum Autoantibodies in Chronic Hepatitis C: Comparison with Hepatitis C/Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1086-1091]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 165

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.165

 

Keywords: HCV, AIH, overlap syndrome and autoantibodies.

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Study effect of salinity on some physiologic and morphologic properties of two grape cultivars

 

Ahmad Bybordi

 

East Azerbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz, 5355179854, Iran.

E-mail: ahmad.bybordi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Salinity is a phenomenon challenging the plantation and growth of grape in arid and semiarid regions. During the present research, tolerance of two grape cultivars (Soltanin and Fakhri) was evaluated against various sodium chloride salinity levels (zero, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM), which was conducted based on factorial experiment in the form of Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resource Researches Center (ANRRC) of East Azerbaijan, during 2011. Based on the obtained results, the cultivar and salinity levels were significantly effective on morphological and physiological traits. Moreover, the results from analysis of variance revealed the significant effects of salinity levels on rates of chlorophyll a and b; rate of chlorophyll a + b; photosynthesis and transpiration rate; stomatal conductance; dry weight of stem and root; concentrations of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, Chloride; plant height; leaf area; and relative water content (RWC). Furthermore, increased salinity levels led to significant decrease in values of majority of the abovementioned parameters. In contrast, the proline content, sodium and chloride concentrations increased as a result of increasing salinity. In addition, “Salinity × cultivar” interaction also proved significantly effective on traits such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight of stem, proline content, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a + b, photosynthesis and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, dry and fresh weights of stem and root, nitrogen and sodium content of leaf and RWC. More specifically, the lowest values for the abovementioned parameters were measured at 250 mM sodium chloride salinity level for Fakhri cultivar. Without salinity application Soltanin produced the best values for physiological and morphological indices. In general, Soltanin cultivar proved more tolerant against salinity than Fakhri cultivar did.

 [Ahmad Bybordy. Study effect of salinity on some physiologic and morphologic properties of two grape cultivars. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1092-1101]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 166

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.166

 

Keywords: Vitis vinifera L., cultivar, salinity

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Is Lysosomal Enzymes Changes Important In the Pathogenesis of Liver And Kidney Injury Induced By Short and Long Term Administration of Some NSAID' Drugs in Rats?

 

Omaima Salah-Eldin 1*, Samy A. Abd El-Azim2, Kamal M. Eldeib1, Maged M. Barakat2

 

1 National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt. 6 Abou Hazem St., Madkour Station, Alharm st., Giza 12553, Egypt. P.O. Box-29.

2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt.

omaima_salah@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Moderate lysosomal membrane permeabilization is an important inducer of apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the harmful hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity effects induced by short and long term administration of paracetamol, nimesulide, and lornoxicam drugs in rats. Results revealed that liver and kidney lysosomal enzymes activities (ACP, β-NAG and β-GAL) were significantly increased by paracetamol followed by nimesulide in acute study as compared with chronic study, while no changes were observed in lysosomal enzymes of lornoxicam group in both studies. Serum liver enzymes activities (AST, ALT and γ-GT) and (urea and creatinine) levels were significantly increased by paracetamol followed by nimesulide and lornoxicam in chronic study as compared with acute study. Liver and kidney GSH levels and antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly decreased by paracetamol followed by nimesulide in acute study as compared with chronic study, while no changes were observed by lornoxicam in both organs either in acute or chronic studies. Liver and kidney MDA levels were significantly increased by paracetamol followed by nimesulide in acute study as compared to chronic study. These results demonstrated that liver and kidney functions were affected by oxidative stress greatly by paracetamol than nimesulide or lornoxicam in both studies.

[Omaima Salah-Eldin, Samy A. Abd El-Azim, Kamal M. Eldeib, Maged M. Barakat. Is Lysosomal Enzymes Changes Important In the Pathogenesis of Liver And Kidney Injury Induced By Short and Long Term Administration of Some NSAID' Drugs in Rats? Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1102-1113]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 167

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.167

 

Key words: paracetamol; nimesulide; lornoxicam; Hepatotoxicity; nephrotoxicity; lysosomal enzymes; antioxidant enzymes.

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Synthesis and docking studies of furobenzopyrones of potential antimicrobial and photochemotherapeutic activities

 

Sohair L. El-Ansary1,2, Mohammed M. Hussein1,2, Doaa E. Abdel Rahman1* and Mohammed I. A.-L. Hamed2

 

1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Egypt; doaaezzat2004@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Benzopyrone and furobenzopyrone derivatives were designed to be synthesized and screened for antimicrobial and photosensitizing activities. Synthesis of benzopyrone derivatives (IVa-e and Va-d) was proceeded via etherification of hydroxy benzopyrone I and II with w-bromoacetophenone derivatives IIIa-e followed by cyclization to achieve linear furobenzopyrone analogues (IVa-e and Va-d). Surprisingly, an angular furobenzopyrone derivative VIII instead of the linear analogue was synthesized in one step reaction from the condensation of hydroxy benzopyrone II with 3,4-dimethoxy-w-bromoacetophenone IIIe. This may be attributed to the presence of the two methoxy substituents which are electron donating group. All newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and photosensitizing activities by the paper disc diffusion method compared with xanthotoxin. Results showed that, compounds IVd, IVe, Vd, VIIa and VIII possessed antimicrobial and potential photosensitizing activity. Compounds IVe and VIII exhibited antimicrobial activity higher than that of xanthotoxin while the other three compounds were less active than xanthotoxin. Docking of the antimicrobial active compounds into topoisomerase II using MOE program was performed in order to predict the correlation between dock scores and antimicrobial activity of these compounds.

[Sohair L. El-Ansary, Mohammed M. Hussein, Doaa E. Abdel Rahman and Mohammed I. A.-L. Hamed. Synthesis and docking studies of furobenzopyrones of potential antimicrobial and photochemotherapeutic activities. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1114-1125]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 168

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.168

 

Keywords: Benzopyrone, Furobenzopyrone, Antimicrobial, Photochemotherapeutic, Docking, Topoisomerase II

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Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Leaf Extracts of Podocarpus Gracilior and Ruprechtia Polystachya Resulted In Isolation of Novel Polyphenolic Compound

 

Amel M. Kamal1, Mohamed I. S. Abdelhady1*, Mohamed S. Mady1, Soad M. Abdelkhalik1 and Engy M. Elmorsy2

 

Departments of 1Pharmacognosy and 2Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt. mohibrahem@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Phytochemical investigation of polyphenolic contents of Podocarpus gracilior Pilger and Ruprechtia polystachya Griseb leaves were resulted in isolation and identification of three and six known polyphenolic compounds respectively. In addition of a new polyphenolic compound isolated for the first time from nature from R. polystachya which is identified as 4`-O-Galloyl-myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4`-O-galloyl myricetrin). Identification of hydrocarbons in P. gracilior and R. polystachya leaves resulted in identification of 19 and 21 compounds respectively. Concerning the composition of fatty acid content in P. gracilior it could be concluded that the unsaturated fatty acids (51.16%) represented higher percentage than that of saturated ones (38.87%). In the case of R. polystachya, the saturated fatty acids (70.58%) were dominated on the unsaturated ones (27.30%). The tested methanol extracts of P. gracilior and R. polystachya leaves showed antioxidant, antimicrobial and stimulatory activities to nitric oxide release from macrophage cell line. Methanol extracts of P. gracilior leaves had weak cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells (breast adenocarcinoma cell line) while methanol extracts of R. polystachya leaves did not show cytotoxic activity.

[Amel M. Kamal, Mohamed I. S. Abdelhady, Mohamed S. Mady, Soad M. Abdelkhalik and Engy M. Elmorsy Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Leaf Extracts of Podocarpus Gracilior and Ruprechtia Polystachya Resulted In Isolation of Novel Polyphenolic Compound. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4): 1126-1135] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 169

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.169

 

Key words: Ruprechtia polystachya, Podocarpus gracilior, polyphenols, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.

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Prevalence, Types and Risk factors of Non Fatal Injuries among Secondary School Students in Abha City-KSA

 

Faten M. R. Ismaeil and Ali A.A. Alzubaidi

 

Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Assiut University, MBBS, Family Medicine Resident

 

Abstract: Background: Injury in developing and transitional economies is an important public health problem. Indeed, injury accounts for 9% of global mortality, with the majority of these injury deaths occurring in lower- and middle-income countries, result in both social and economic loss. Increased availability of motor vehicles is likely to raise the risk of traffic injuries. The inexperience and ongoing neurodevelopment of adolescents might leave them vulnerable to some health risks associated with economic change. The World Health Organization defines injuries as “the physical damage that results when a human body is suddenly subjected to energy in amounts that exceed the threshold of physiological tolerance – or else the result of a lack of one or more vital elements, such as oxygen”. The risk factors for injury vary depending upon its type. The majority of assaults involve younger people. Risks of both unintentional and intentional injury have been shown to be related to socioeconomic status, with those at the greatest risk living in the most deprived areas. Objectives:1) To calculate injury rates among male secondary school students, 2)To Identify the types of injuries and 3)To Identify possible risk factors associated with injuries. Subjects And Methods:This study followed a cross-sectional design. It was conducted in Abha City. 829 male secondary school students studying at a general governmental secondary school in Abha City were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of non-fatal injuries among male secondary school students was 49%.The Places of the majority of non-fatal injuries were streets (89.9%) while schools and homes were reported by 4.2% and 1.2% of the students.Students who have more than five brothers were at 7.6 folded risk of having non-fatal injuries as compared to those who have no brothers. Students whose family income was between 5001 and 10000 or > 10000 SR/month were at 7 or 13 folded risk for non-fatal accidents, respectively as compared to those whose family income was below or equal 50000 SR/month. Students with history of psychic trouble or chronic diseases were at 4 and 5 folded risks respectively for having non-fatal injury. Smoker students were at double risk for non-fatal accidents than non-smokers. Conclusions: Non-fatal accidents are a prevalent public health problem among male secondary school students in Abha, KSA. Road traffic accidents are the main reported among them. High-family income, large family size, smoking, chronic diseases and psychic troubles were significantly associated with non-fatal injuries.

[Faten M. R. Ismaeil and Ali A.A. Alzubaidi. Prevalence, Types and Risk factors of Non Fatal Injuries among Secondary School Students in Abha City-KSA. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):1136-1142]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 170

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.170

 

Key words: Prevalence, Types, Risk, Injuries

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Biochemical and histological studies on the effect of the Patulin mycotoxin on male rats’ liver and treatment by crude venom extracted from jelly fish

 

Nagwa M. El-Sawi*1,2, Hanaa M. Gashlan2, Sabry H. H. Younes1, Rehab F. Al-Massabi2 and S. Shaker3

 

1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt

2Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia

3Histology, Medicine Faculty King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21551, Saudi Arabia

elsawinagwa@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Patulin mycotoxin on some biochemical parameters and histological changes on male rats' liver and effect of crude venom extracted from jelly fish Cassiopea Andromeda as a treatment. 50 Inbreeding weanling white male wistar lewis rats were divided randomly into 5 groups. Control group was gavage fed daily with distilled water; three treated groups were gavage fed daily dose with Patulin (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) for one, two and three weeks respectively. The last group was treated by Patulin for one week then injected intraperitoneally with single dose of crude venom (1.78 mg/20 g b.w.) for 24 hours according to LD50. Level of (AST) and (GGT) were increased significantly in serum of all treated groups compared with control group but level of (ALT) was increased significantly in treated group after one week only. Although the concentration of (TNF-α) was increased significantly and gradually in all treated groups, the concentration of ferritin was decreased significantly in treated three after three weeks only. Histopathological changes of rat liver coincided with biochemical changes. In conclusion, oral exposures of Patulin indicate that hepatic alteration was produced in manner related to dose duration and crude venom may used as new therapeutic approach to detoxify hepatocytes from Patulin.

[Nagwa M. El-Sawi, Hanaa M. Gashlan, Sabry H. H. Younes, Rehab F. Al-Massabi and S. Shaker. Biochemical and histological studies on the effect of the Patulin mycotoxin on male rats’ liver and treatment by crude venom extracted from jelly fish. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4): 1143-1153]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 171

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.171

 

Keywords: mycotoxin, patulin, liver, rat, Jelly fish crude venom.

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New exact solutions for the Zhiber-Shabat equation using the extended F-expansion method

 

Ali H. Bhrawy1,2 and Mustafa Obaid 1

 

1. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

(Bhrawy) alibhrawy@yahoo.co.uk, (Obaid) drmobaid@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Extended F-expansion method is proposed to seek exact solutions of the Zhiber-Shabat (ZS) equation. As a result, many new and more general exact solutions are obtained. Interesting Jacobi doubly periodic wave solutions is obtained from the F-expansion (EFE) method with symbolic computation. It is shown that soliton solutions and triangular periodic solutions can be established as the limits of Jacobi doubly periodic wave solutions. In addition, as an illustrative sample, the properties for the Jacobi doubly periodic wave solutions of theses equations are shown with some figures.

[Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat YS. Taxonomic Diversity of Understorey Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1154-1162] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 172

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.172

 

Keywords: Extended F-expansion method; Exact solutions; Liouville equation; Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equation; Tzitzeica-Dodd-Bullough equation; sinh-Gordon equation; Zhiber-Shabat equation.

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Physical activity and life style among Male Adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

 

Dina M. Qahwaji

 

Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

dqahweji@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: The physical activity among adolescents varies greatly around the world according to the habits, cultures and environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the different physical activities among adolescent students in areas Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during fall 2010 including 10 schools from four geographical areas. The participants were 530 male students from secondary-school Their ages ranged between 16-17 years. Measurements included anthropometric measures (weight, height, and waist circumference), physical activity (walking, jogging/running, biking, swimming, self-defense, etc.) using a validated questionnaire. Results: Time in minutes spent per week in different types of physical activity by adolescents revealed non-significant difference in walking weekly, stairs use per day, jogging/running, biking and swimming, where as it was significant in minutes walking per time (p=0.013) and minutes biking(p=0.006). The P-value for the one-way ANOVA tests (according to school area) for the sum of all moderate-intensity physical activity p=0.002; for the sum of all vigorous-intensity physical activity p=0.026, and for the total physical activity p=0.001. The P-value for the independent sample t-tests (according to clusters) for the sum of all moderate-intensity physical activity, p=0.000; for the sum of all vigorous-intensity physical activity, p=0.000, and for the total physical activity, p=0.000. Conclusions: It is concluded that the physical activity among student adolescents differ significantly from geographical area to another in Jeddah and the youth are suffering from inadequate physical activity.

[Dina M. Qahwaji. Physical activity and life style among Male Adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):1163-1172]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 173

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.173

 

Key word: Adolescents, geographical regions, physical activity

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AlCl3-Induced Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Liver of Male Rats: Protection by Melatonin

 

Wessam M. Abdel-Wahab

 

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Mharram Bey, Alexandria, Egypt. Profwessam@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Aluminum is a ubiquitous element with known toxicity for both human and experimental animals. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The present study investigates the possible hepatoprotective role of melatonin in modulating the toxicity and the oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure to aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in the liver of male rats. 40 male rats were divided into four groups (10 rats each): vehicle control group treated with alcoholic saline, AlCl3 group treated with 20 mg/kg of AlCl3, melatonin group treated with 5 mg/kg of melatonin, and melatonin+AlCl3 group treated with the previous doses of both AlCl3 and melatonin. Rats were treated orally once daily for 30 consecutive days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total proteins were measured in the plasma to assess the liver functioning. Liver specimens were also collected for histopathological examination and also for assessment of hepatic level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) in addition to the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The results showed that the oral administration of AlCl3 caused significant (p<0.05) increases in the plasma level of the ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose while the level of total proteins was found to be decreased. Moreover, AlCl3 induced oxidative stress as indicated by a significant increase in the level of MDA with a concomitant decrease in the GSH content as well as in the activity of GPx, SOD and CAT in the liver tissue. Histological examination for liver sections revealed marked necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes, centrilobular necrosis, congestion of the central vein, vacuolization of cytoplasm, infiltration of inflammatory cells, dilatation and congestion of the blood sinusoids. Pretreatment with melatonin in AlCl3-treated rats alleviated the previously mentioned alterations in the biochemical and oxidative stress parameters and restored their values toward the normal value of the control group. Moreover, it improved to a large extent the histological changes induced by AlCl3 in such a way that more or less normal architecture of the liver was observed. Therefore, the data obtained in the present study confirmed the deleterious effects of AlCl3 in the liver. Moreover, it can be concluded that these effects could be overcome or, at least, significantly minimized by the administration of melatonin.

[Wessam M. Abdel-Wahab. AlCl3-Induced Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Liver of Male Rats: Protection by Melatonin. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1173-1182] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 174

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.174

 

Key words: Aluminium chloride, Toxicity, Oxidative stress, Melatonin, Liver, Rat

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The Impact of Tax Ratio on Environmental performance in Iran; with Emphasis on Sustainable Economic Development

 

AliAsgar TorabAhmadi

 

Institute of Oriental Studies named after academician Z.M.Bunyadov, Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, AZ1143, 31, H.Javid ave., Baku, Azerbaijan Republic

E-mail: sharq@lan.ab.az

 

Abstract: The aim of this paper is considering the impact of tax ratio on environmental performance in Iran at 1960-2009 periods. For do it, I have used regression analysis. Result of cointegration test indicates that there is a long run relationship between environmental performance and tax ratio. Estimation results indicate that tax rate has a negative effect on CO2 emission, so increasing in tax rate increases environmental performance. Energy consumption and economic growth have a positive effect on pollution. So these variables have a negative effect on environmental performance. So, taxation policies could improve environmental performance in Iran.

[AliAsgar TorabAhmadi. The Impact of Tax Ratio on Environmental performance in Iran; with Emphasis on Sustainable Economic Development. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1183-1187] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 175

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.175

 

Keywords: Tax Ratio, Environmental performance, Sustainable Development, Iran

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Iranian 1000-year-old short story

 

Ayyoub Mansouri

 

Farhangian University, Iran

Abstract: Generally it is said that short story in Iran has begun by Yeki bud, yeki nabud (Once upon a time), penned by Jamalzadeh. Although this opinion seems to be true from the contemporary scholars’ point of view, by studying the oroginal story of Afshin and Bodelf in Tarikh-E Beyhaghi it is understood that Beyhaghi has selected the framework of telling stories in stories and has narrated the story in a way that owns all the features and elements of contemporary stories. This paper aims to display the artistic talent and writing capability of Beyhaghi in “Afshin and Bodelf” whose theme is “whilte lie.” This story which has a realistic framework was accomplished by Beyhaghi and mediated by “Ismael Ben Shahab” and “Ahmed Ben Abi David” (Hero narrator). The overall story is moving deductively. In this drama-like story, there are two kinds of internal and external descriptions. One of the most important features of Afshin and Bodelf is its dramatic form. In the end, dear readers will find out that writing story in Iran is beyond imitation western contemporary stories and is as old as a millennium.

[Ayyoub Mansouri. Iranian 1000-year-old short story. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1188-1193] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 176

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.176

 

Keywords: short story, episode, theme, plot, angle of view, dramatic, hero, Ahmed, Afshin, Moetasim, scene, description

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Multi-grade classes teaching methods

 

Moslem Pesarakloo

 

Shahid beheshti Farhangian university,Gonbad, Golestan, Iran

Postal code: 497194693

pesarakloom432@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This paper aims to deal with the definition of multi-grade classes, its history in Iran and the world, learning objectives of these classes, the causes of using these classes in Iran, teaching style in these classes considering the presence of special students, problems, limitations, and disadvantages of this type of classes, the need for this type of classes regarding the demographic situation, roles and responsibilities of teachers in these classes, and the goals of these classes. This study tries to slightly help the teachers to mange multi-grade classes better and resolve part of education system in relation to these classes. We hope that this small effort will be accepted by God, education system, dear and hardworking teachers of educations system and multi-grade classes.

[Moslem Pesarakloo. Multi-grade classes teaching methods. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1194-1198] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 177

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.177

 

Keywords: Multi-grade classes; teaching methods; learning objectives

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Top management of innovative competitiveness in industries

 

Gholamreza Tondpour

 

Department of Management, Dehdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht, Iran

 

Abstract: Competitiveness is a key criterion for evaluation of success degree of countries, industries, and firms in political, economic, and commercial fields of competition. With rapid advances and changes in the world, innovative competitiveness has gained a special importance to speed up the development of the economy of industries. One of the consequences of globalization is the emergence of cross-regional economies which have increased their gross domestic production (GDP) compared with other countries and caused changes in production techniques in industries in order to produce new and modern products. Hence, some authors believe that regional changes and political and economic relations of countries with each other can speed up and develop the innovative competitiveness. Porter's Diamond model, conceptual frameworks, and the review of industries of developing countries were used in this study to precisely identify the components of competitiveness.

[Gholamreza Tondpour. Top management of innovative competitiveness in industries. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):1199-1202] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 178

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.178

 

Keywords: Competitiveness, industry, Porter's Diamond model

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Investigating the most important factors related to domestic violence rate towards children

 

Mahmoud Yaghoubi doust1, Halima Enayat2

 

PhD student of Sociology

Assistant to Department of Sociology, Shiraz University, Iran

 

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the main factors (social - economic, social loneliness and marital conflict statues) related to parents` domestic violence toward children. The population was all high school students in Ahwaz and their parents with sample size of 384 that calculated by Cochran formula. The sample was selected from various parts of Ahwaz city through cluster sampling and questionnaires were given to them randomly. To evaluate each of these variables, items were designed using a Likert or other scale and the required data was collected through questionnaire technique. It is worthy to note that 58 questions of questioner related to independent variables including socioeconomic,, social loneliness and marital conflict statues were answered by parents and 40 questions relates to dependent variable namely parental violence towards children were responded by students, in this study Children Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)(Bernstein et al,1995) socioeconomic statues scale (SES) (Duncan,1986), the social loneliness scale (UCLA) of Russell (1976) Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) were used.

The results indicated the significant correlation between socioeconomic status, marital conflicts and social loneliness with parents` domestic violence toward children so it is worthy that the families and the competent authorities pay more attention to the issue in order to prevent, control and decreasing its negative consequences at family and society level.

[Mahmoud Yaghobi doust, Halima Enayat. Examining the related factors to parents` domestic violence towards children. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1203-1207] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 179

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.179

 

Keywords: Domestic violence, socioeconomic, marital conflict, social loneliness

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Analysis of Relationship between Brain Ischemia and Angiographic feature in Childhood Moyamoya Disease

 

ZHANG Zhiying1, WANG Li2,WU Jun1, XU Yuming3,*

 

1The Third Hospital of Zhengzhou Military Region. 22 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; 2 Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 5 Dongshan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; 3 Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

WANG Li is co-first author; *Corresponding author. Email: xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn

 

Abstract: In 39 patients with childhood-onset moyamoya disease, angiograms were reviewed for stenoocclusive lesions, and CT scans, MR images, or both were reviewed for the sites and extent of cerebral infarction. The relationship between the angiographic and CT/MR findings was examined. The prevalence and degree of stenoocclusive lesions of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) significantly correlated with the extent of lesions around the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The prevalence of infarction significantly correlated with the degree of stenoocclusive changes of both the ICA and PCA. Infarctions tended to be distributed in the anterior borderzone in less-advanced cases. Our results indicate that progressive changes of the anterior and posterior circulations are associated with the distribution of cerebral infarction, culminating in a patchily disseminated infarction on CT and MR studies in late stages of the disease.

[ZHANG Zhiying, WANG Li,WU Jun, XU Yuming. Analysis of Relationship between Brain Ischemia and Angiographic feature in Childhood Moyamoya Disease. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1208-1211] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 180

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.180

 

Keywords: brain ischemia; cerebral angiography; moyamoya disease

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Determining and evaluating the requirements of ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) implementation in Iran road transport

 

Mahdi Ahmadipanah1, Omid Jalilian2 (Corresponding Author), Seyed Reza Hasani3, Hamid Jalilian4, Hossein Jalilian4

 

1- Department of Business Management, payamenoor University, P.O. box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

2- Department of Accounting, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

3- Department of Business Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

4- Department of Business Management, Eslamabad-E-Gharb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eslamabad-E-Gharb, Iran

 

Abstract: Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a collection of amazing achievement of information technology in transportation which has transformed quality of people’s lives as well as transportation management. Its use is essential given the increasing population and traffic increase. To take advantage of it is necessary to identify the main requirements of this system as its first architecture level given the area and location of its implementation and then the implementation conditions of next architecture levels is provided by determining the importance of each requirement and their components. This paper aims to determine and prioritize the requirements of architecture deployment of intelligent Transportation System in Iran and from the perspective of exports of this system in organizations in charge; thus, the statistical population is all export and specialists of ITS in seven organizations and companies involved and responsible in this field. For this purpose, 3 types of requirements have been introduced according to the research model: 1. the managerial structure; 2. Necessary contexts; 3. Technological requirements, and several indices have been proposed for each factor. The research method is descriptive-applied; and questionnaire and paired comparisons matrix have been used for collecting the required data, and SPSS software has been used for statistical analysis of information. The indices weights have been obtained using AHP method. In this study five research hypotheses have been proposed to investigate the existing and optimal conditions for deploying it; after the investigation, it was indicated that among the three introduced requirements in the model, the first and important priority in its implementation is managerial structure. It is worth mentioning that all three types of requirements are needed for implementing this project.

[Mahdi Ahmadipanah, Omid Jalilian, Seyed Reza Hasani, Hamid Jalilian, Hossein Jalilian. Determining and evaluating the requirements of ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) implementation in Iran road transport. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1212-1221] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 181

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.181

 

Keywords: intelligent transportation system, system requirements, system architecture

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Effect of hyperoxygenation for one minute on ABGs during endotracheal suctioning in ICU in Zanjan Vali-e-Asr hospital 2011

 

Moraveji M, MS.c1 (Corresponding author), Soleiman Nezhad N, MS.c 2, Bazargan M, MD 3

 

1. Dept of Nursing, zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University. Zanjan, Iran. 2. Zanjan Uni. of medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran. 3. Tehran Uni. of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.

 

Abstract: Background and objective: Endotracheal suctioning is an inevitable procedure in patient under mechanical ventilation. The most important complication of this procedure is hypoxemia. The aim of this study is effect of hyperoxygenation on hypoxemia during endotracheal suctioning. Method: This study is a clinical trial on 30 patients under mechanical ventilation in ICU of Vali-e-Asr hospital in Zanjan that samples are selected based on study criteria. Results: Finding show that hyperoxygenation during endotracheal suctioning is necessary. Based on results of this study recommended this procedure and further study for distinct during of time of hyperoxygenation.

[Moraveji M,, Soleiman Nezhad N., Bazargan M. Effect of hyperoxygenation for one minute on ABGs during endotracheal suctioning in ICU in Zanjan Vali-e-Asr hospital 2011. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1222-1224] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 182

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.182

 

Key words: Hyperoxygenation, Endotracheal suctioning

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Ascertainment of individual specifications of addicts admitted to Tehran Treatment Centers

 

Moraveji M, MS.c1, Sahebalzamani, Ph.D 2, Bazargan M, MD 3

 

1. Dept of Nursing, zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University. Zanjan, Iran.

2. Dept of Nursing, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran.

3. Tehran Uni. of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.

 

Abstract: Purpose: This is an analytical-descriptive study aimed at analyzing individual specifications of addicts who have gone to treatment centers of Tehran in the year 2006. Materials and Methods: Investigation members were all addicts admitted to treatment centers of Tehran, investigation method was random sampling, investigation place was rehabilitating drug addicts and NGOs, the number of all members was 256 and input assembling instrument was questionnaires comprising Demography and MMPI questionnaire. The results are derived from descriptive and deductive statistics and are analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results demonstrate the fact that 19.1% of addicts are jobless, 38% are lessees, 2.3% are illiterate, 60.5% are single and 57.8% of them have an income of less than 2,000,000 Rials, reflecting the fact that unemployment has no relation with the tendency to addiction - Even those with high economic and educational position have a great tendency to addiction mirroring the failure of society’s supporting. Based upon MMPI, the amount of exposition to danger in addicts consists of 7.81% in mania, 28.12 % SC, 12.5% in paranoia, and 33.98% in unsociability, 12.5% mysterious, 57.42% in depression and 22.26 in self-assumption of illness, reflecting disorder in their personality. Conclusion: So, according to MPI, if the results of D, PD and SC in addicts are high and the L and K rates are low, treatment and consulting service is advised.

[Moraveji M., Sahebalzamani, Bazargan M. Ascertainment of individual specifications of addicts admitted to Tehran Treatment Centers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1225-1231] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 183

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.183

 

Keywords: addiction, characteristics, MMPI questionnaire

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Assessment of suitable Location for Construction of groundwater dams

 

Leila Sharifi 1, Mohamad Karami 2

 

1. Department of Civil Engineering, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Dehloran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehloran,Iran

* Corresponding author. Leila Sharifi

 

Abstract: Crisis of maintaining, supplying and optimal operating and conservation of natural water resources is one of the largest hydrological problems in the country. In fact groundwater is part of surface water that either reaches to the surface naturally through springs or is extracted from groundwater tables (aquifers) by well, infiltration gallery etc. These waters are one of important sources of supplying drinking water and agriculture water that does not need treatment. Scientific and practical designing and planning for obtaining and feeding groundwater network can prevent destruction of these sources and stabilize them without causing any environmental damages. Our country, as one of regions with low water level and nearly hot and dry climate, needs protection of groundwater resources and construction of groundwater dams, including infiltration galleries, traditional aquifers and flumes, can help optimal operation of water, protection of groundwater and prevention of draught in agriculture sector.

[Leila Sharifi, Mohamad Karami. Assessment of suitable Location for Construction of groundwater dams. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1233-1236] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 184

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.184

 

Key words: groundwater dams, surface waters, operation, hot and dry climate.

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Treatment of the Subretinal Hemorrhage by the Use of Deep Periocular Injection of Bevacizumab ---- A Safer Method

 

Chih-Yaun Yang1, Kuang-Jen Chien2, Tsung-Hsung Chang3, Ren-Jy Ben4, Jen-Hsiel Lin4, Chi-Ting Horng1,5, *

 

1 Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

2 Department of Pediatrics, Veteran General Hospital- Koahsiung, Taiwan

3 Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

4 Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

5 Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.

h56041@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the visual outcome of patients with subretinal hemorrhage after deep periocular injection of bevacizumab. Methods: Three patients having subretinal hemorrhage with poor vision were treated with at least one deep periocular injection of bevacizumab (0.3 ml). Patients underwent a complete evaluation at the baseline and follow-up visits. This evaluation included the Snellen best-corrected visual acuity, fundus biomicroscopy and ocular coherence tomography. Results: The follow-up point ranged between 3 and 6 months. Improvement of vision was observed, and they all had better visual acuity. The subretinal hemorrhage cleared in all eyes and no complications were noted. Conclusion: Deep periocular injection of bevacizumab was safer and effective in the treatment of subretinal hemorrhage. It can induce effective regression of retinal neovascularization and rapid clearance of the subretinal hemorrhage It may enhance the absorption of hemorrhage with subsequent deferral from surgery.

[Chih-Yaun Yang, Kuang-Jen Chien, Tsung-Hsung Chang, Ren-Jy Ben, Jen-Hsiel Lin, Chi-Ting Horng. Treatment of the Subretinal Hemorrhage by the Use of Deep Periocular Injection of Bevacizumab ---- A Safer Method. Life Sci J 2012;9(4): 1237-1241] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 185

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.185

 

Keyword: periocular injection, bevacizumab, subretinal hemorrhage

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Efficacy of intraumbilical vein (IUV) injection of oxytocin in active management of the third stage of labor

 

Farideh Movahed1, Reyhaneh Ramazan Nejhad1, Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi1, Amir Javadi2, Fatemeh Lalooha1, Sepehr Taghizadeh 3

 

1. Assistan professor of Obstetrics and gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

2. Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

3. Infectious and Tropical disease research center, Infectious diseases department, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

 ezzatalsadat_hsj@yahoo.com

  

Abstract: Assessment of the efficacy of using intraumbilical vein (IUV) injection of Oxytocin in active management of the third stage of labor and reducing blood loss and length of the third stage. In a randomized double-blind clinical trial, 200wemen undergoing vaginal delivery without any risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage recruited. 100 assigned to receive 10 international units (IU) oxytocin diluted in 9cc ringer by IUV injection and 10cc ringer by peripheral vein injection and 100 assigned to receive 10cc ringer by IUV injection and 10 international units (IU) oxytocin diluted in 9cc ringer by peripheral vein injection. Active management of labor (prophylactic injection of 20IU oxytocin after clamping of umbilical cord and controlled cord traction) was used in both groups. Pre delivery and post delivery hemoglobin level was assessed. The primary outcome was change in hemoglobin levels and duration of the third stage of labor. The third stage of labor was significantly shorter in IUV injection group (4.2 ± 4.1 minutes compared with 5.5 ± 4.5 minutes, respectively; p=0.03). An additional uterotonic agent in case group was needed less than the controlled group (P=0.03). Mean drop in hemoglobin levels in intervention group was 1.5±0.96 (95% CI 1.16-1.53) and in control group was 1.35±0.94 (95% CI 1.3-1.7) and there was significantly difference in this respect in two groups (p-value = 0.228). IUV injection of Oxytocin with the active management of the third stage of labor significantly reduced the rate of additional uterotonic agents and duration of third stage of labor. The hemoglobin reduce in the intervention group was lower compared to the control group but this difference was not analytically meaningful. Need to manual removal of the placenta, Hb levels after 24 hours after delivery, and placenta emersion time more than 15 minutes was lower in the group receiving oxytocin but the difference was not significant.

[Farideh Movahed, Reyhaneh Ramazan Nejhad, Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi, Amir Javadi, Fatemeh Lalooha, Sepehr Taghizadeh. Efficacy of intraumbilical vein (IUV) injection of oxytocin in active management of the third stage of labor. Life Sci J2012;9(4):1242-1246] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 186

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.186

 

Keywords: Third Stage of Labor; Oxytocin; Intraumbilical Vein Injection

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The relationship between the level of homocysteine in mother's serum and the intensity of preeclampsia

 

Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi1, Fatemeh Ghorbali1, Mohammadreza Sarookhani2, Amir Javadi3, Sepehr Taghizadeh 4

 

1. Assistan professor of Obstetrics and gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

2. Associated professor of biotechnology, Clinical and molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

3. Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

4. Infectious and Tropical disease research center, Infectious diseases department, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

 Mashrabi1383@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Determining the relationship between maternal serum homocysteine level and severity of preeclampsia. In a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, maternal homocysteine level was assessed in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia. The mean level was assessed by electro-immunoassay enzyme test. No significant difference was observed in age, parity and abortion history among pregnant mothers. The mean serum homocysteine level was 5.5±1.6 in control group, 6.3±1.9 in mild preeclampsia and 8.9±4.1 in severe preeclampsia. The mean serum homocysteine level was significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia than in control group (P<0.001), but no significant difference between normal pregnant women and those with mild preeclampsia (P=0.12). This study revealed a direct relationship between concentration of serum homocysteine and severity of preeclampsia. However, in mild preeclampsia, the concentration of serum homocysteine slightly changes with no significant difference. It is deducted that low homocysteine concentration makes slight changes to vascular endothelium.

[Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi, Fatemeh Ghorbali, Mohammadreza Sarookhani, Amir Javadi, Sepehr Taghizadeh. The relationship between the level of homocysteine in mother's serum and the intensity of preeclampsia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1247-1249] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 187 

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.187

 

Keywords: Preeclampsia; Homocysteine; Intensity

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Study on serum Copper and Zinc level of children with epilepsy during long term therapy with anticonvulsants

 

Lida Saboktakin1, Mohammad Barzegar1, Amir Ghorbani Hagh Jo2, Mohammad Emamalizadeh3

 

1. Pediatric Health Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. PhD of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

 Lidasaboktakin@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Epilepsy is a disorder of brain electrical activity that may lead to recurrent seizures. Changes in serum levels of some trace elements such as Zinc and Copper can be observed in patients with Epilepsy. The aim of this study was evaluating the serum levels of copper and zinc in patients with epilepsy on long term treatment of anticonvulsant agents in Tabriz children’s hospital. In a case control descriptive –analytical study in the children’s diseases department of Tabriz children’s hospital we evaluated the serum levels of copper and zinc in patients with epilepsy and compared them with healthy subjects. The two groups were matched for age, gender, weight and height. The mean zinc level in children with epilepsy is 0.30 ± 0.13 and 0.93 ± 0.25 μg/ml respectively which was lower meaningfully in epileptic patients. The copper level in patients with epilepsy was 1.06 ± 0.36 μg/ml and in control group was 0.39 ± 0.21 μg/ml respectively which was significantly higher in the case group. Serum copper levels in epileptic children under drug treatment are higher than in healthy children. Also, serum zinc levels in these patients are significantly lower than in healthy people. The use of one drug or multiple drugs in the treatment of epileptic patients have made a significant difference in the levels of serum copper and zinc and also the serum level of Zinc in patient under treatment with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproate sodium, Clonazepam, Topiramate and Primidone was significantly lower and the serum level of Copper in patients winder treatment by Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Valproate sodium was significantly higher.

[Lida Saboktakin, Mohammad Barzegar, Amir Ghorbani Hagh Jo, Mohammad Emamalizadeh. Study on serum Copper and Zinc level of children with epilepsy during long term therapy with anticonvulsants. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1250-1254] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 188

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.188

 

Keywords: Epilepsy; Zinc; Copper

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Compression cefazolin at cord clamping & before in section skin incision in decreasing the infectious complication in patients underwent cesarean section

 

Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi1, Mehrnoosh Eshfahani1, Mehdi Haghdoost 2

 

1. Assistant professor of Obstetrics and gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

2. Infectious and Tropical disease research center, Infectious diseases department, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

mehdihaghdoost@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Cesarean Section (CS) is associated with a high incidence of puerperal infections. The antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetric surgery may reduce infectious complications; nevertheless antibiotic prophylaxis only has proved to be effective in women with risk factors for the occurrence of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the suitable time for antibiotic injection in CS to decrease infectious side effects. In a clinical trial in 2010, 750 patients, undergone elective cesarean section, were enrolled into the study. The population was divided into two groups: Group A, including 375 women to whom antibiotic prophylaxis was applied before skin incision and Group B, including 375 women to whom antibiotic prophylaxis was applied after umbilical cord clamping. The occurrence of endomyometritis/endometritis, wound infection, febrile morbidity, total infectious morbidity, and neonatal complications were compared. In patients of group A, 356 cases (94.9%) showed no side effects, 14 cases (3.7%) had wound infection, and 5 cases (1.3%) suffered endometritis. In patients of group B, 341 cases (90.9%) showed no side effects, 24 cases (6.4%) suffered wound infection, and 10 cases (2.7%) had endometritis (p=0.099). Injection of Cefazolin before skin incision and during clamping the cord shows no difference in incidence of infectious side effects of cesarean section, and similar results were acquired in the two groups.

[Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi, Mehrnoosh Eshfahani, Mehdi Haghdoost. Compression cefazolin at cord clamping & before in section skin incision in decreasing the infectious complication in patients underwent cesarean section. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1255-1257] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 189

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.189

 

Keywords: Cesarean Section (CS), Cefazolin, endometritis, wound infection

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Comparison of hematocrit concentration after cesarean section between two methods: general anesthesia Vs spinal anesthesia

 

Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi1, Shamsi Niazi1, Aamir Javadi2, Tala Pourlak 3

 

1. Assistant professor of Obstetrics and gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

2. Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

3. Assistant professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

ezzatalsadat_hsj@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Comparing hematocrit concentration after cesarean section (CS) between general and spinal anesthesia. In a clinical trial in 2010 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences on 200 pregnant women elected for pregnancy termination by CS due to obstetric emergency, hematocrit changes in patients with general and spinal anesthesia were studied before and after CS. Hct-Hb content was significantly reduced in patients with general anesthesia (4.2 and 1.6) compared to spinal anesthesia (3.2 and 1) (p<0.05). Mean hematocrit loss in spinal anesthesia was significantly lower than in general anesthesia (p=0.035). The results by the current study showed that hematocrit loss after CS in patients with general anesthesia is higher than in patients with spinal anesthesia. However, physicians should well consider the method of anesthesia, especially in high risk patients, to reduce the severity of postpartum hemorrhage and hematocrit loss.

[Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi, Shamsi Niazi, Aamir Javadi, Tala Pourlak. Comparison of hematocrit concentration after cesarean section between two methods: general anesthesia Vs spinal anesthesia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1258-1260] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 190

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.190

 

Keywords: Cesarean Section; Spinal Anesthesia; General Anesthesia; Hemoglobin; Hematocrit

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A Survey Of Lean Implementation Gap Analysis In Public Sector Organizations

 

Irfan Ghalib *, Mujtaba Hassan Agha**, Shafqat Hameed, ***Muhammad Abbas Choudhary

 

* National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

 ** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan

***University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Pakistan

Shafqat.hameed@ceme.nust.edu.pk

 

ABSTRACT: This paper is an endeavor to highlight/identify the areas of improvement in the production systems of typical public sector organizations in view of the implementation of Lean Manufacturing practices to improve Competitiveness. To serve the purpose, a survey has been conducted to get the consensus of managers belonging to various tiers of management of these organizations through responding to a questionnaire. This questionnaire, based on the importance of various features of Lean Manufacturing and their actual effective implementation in respective organizations, has been used to collect the data from which certain results have been inferred. The research signifies the fact that, although most of these public sector organizations enjoy the status of holding ISO Certified Quality Management System Standards, still there exists a capacity for Business Process Improvement in their production systems owing to various Lean Implementation Gaps and lapses. This can ultimately prove complementary to the policy of Continuous Quality Improvement and other principles of Quality Management System Standard.

[Irfan Ghalib, Mujtaba Hassan Agha, Shafqat Hameed, Muhammad Abbas Choudhary. A Survey Of Lean Implementation Gap Analysis In Public Sector Organizations. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1261-1269] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 191

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.191

 

Key words: Lean Manufacturing, QMS, Productivity, Management, Quality.

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The Role Of Data Protection Technologies: A Case Study

 

Shafqat Hameed*, Mujtaba Hassan Agha**, Muhammad Abbas Choudhary***

 

*, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

 ** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan

***University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Pakistan

Shafqat.hameed@ceme.nust.edu.pk

 

ABSTRACT: In today’s digital era, Consumers information plays a very significant role for the companies. They are utilizing this information in different ways to cater the costumers with novel products and services. But the privacy of this information is of much more importance for the service providers as well as for the consumers. The privacy and the protection of the Customers’ personal information is a growing concern for the consumers of the telecommunication services all over the world. The importance of telecommunications is apparent from the revenue this service generates for the world economy. There have been innumerable cases around the globe which demonstrated lack of security of customers’ personal data. The causes might be different apart from lack of investment in the sophisticated technology for this growing concern. The aim of this study is to analyse the privacy policy of the telecommunication companies, the laws related to customer data protection, different incidents related to customer’s privacy and the role of different data protection technologies to overcome this soaring issue.

[Shafqat Hameed, Mujtaba Hassan Agha, Muhammad Abbas Choudhary. The Role Of Data Protection Technologies: A Case Study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1270-1279] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 192

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.192

 

Key words: Telecommunications, privacy, data, information, protection, technology

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Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis infection in women referred to Kermanshah hygienic centers, Iran in 2010

 

Reza Faraji 1, Mehr Ali Rahimi 1,2*, Mojdeh Assarehzadegan 3

 

1. Diabetes Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

2. Department of Endocrinology, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

3. MD, Mohamad Kermanshahi Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran.

 Corresponding email: mjavadra@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a female genital system infection that occurs due to Candida species.Candida infection in the vagina can cause a smelly, thick, white – yellow discharge that might be accompanied by itching, irritation and swelling. It can also can make walking, urinating or sex very painful. The aim of this study is determining the prevalence rate of vaginal candidiasis infection in women referred to Kermanshah hygienic centers, Iran in 2010. This descriptive – analytic study was performed on 105 women referred to Kermanshah hygienic centers, Iran in 2010. All specimens were examined under direct microscopy and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Complimentary tests such as germ tube test and sugar assimilation test (API) were carried out to differentiate the Candida species. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Of 105 samples under experimnet, 10 cases (9%) in direct microscopy test and 30 cases (29%) by cultivation on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar were infected to vaginal candidiasis. The frequencies of the isolated Candida species include C.albicans with 28 cases (70%), C.glabrata with 5 cases (12.5%), C.kruzi with 3 case (7.5%), C.tropicalis with 2 cases (5%) and C.parapsilosis with 2 cases (5%). C. albicans was, by far, the most predominant yeast isolate. The culture of vaginal discharge should be warranted because the culture technique is more sensitive than direct smear.

[Faraji R, Rahimi MA, Assarehzadegan M. Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis infection in women referred to Kermanshah hygienic centers, Iran in 2010. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1280-1283] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 193

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.193

 

Keywords: Vaginal candidiasis, women, Iran.

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The pattern of transmission in the market price of chicken meat in Iran

 

Seyed Nematollah Mousavi1 and Neda Sedghi2

 

1,2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

 *Corresponding author: mousavi_sn@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Marketing margins and price transmission between market chain has always been emphasized. Due to the importance of poultry in household food needs and a considerable number of product manufacturers in the country and its impact on policy makers and planners of the agricultural sector, the aim of this study transmission patterns in the market price of chicken meat in Iran. Monthly data for retail and wholesale prices was used during March 2001 to April 2012. Causality test results parasite - Granger showed that for both wholesale and retail levels, two-way causal relationship exists between the markets and prices in both markets are accepting of each other. Pattern results in a torque on the eve of the transfer price is symmetrical as well as emphasize the results of the Wald test to test it out suggests that the transfer price in the short term and long-term price transmission is symmetric.

 [Seyed Nematollah Mousavi and Neda Sedghi. The pattern of transmission in the market price of chicken meat in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1284-1291] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 194

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.194

 

Keywords: symmetry, price transfer, chicken meat, Iran

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Substance Use Among Non-fatally Injured Patients Attended Emergency Departments in North-East of Iran; Sabzevar

 

Zardosht Roqhaye1, Hashemian Masoumeh2, Moghaddamhosseini Vahideh3, Akaberi Arash4*

 

1 Faculty member of Nursing, Department of para medical, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Faculty member of Health Education, Department of Health Education, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

3 Faculty member of Midwifery, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

4 * Corresponding Author; Faculty member of Biostatistics, Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

Email: arashdata@yahoo.com; a.akaberi@nkums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Introduction: During the recent decades, Iran has suffered from drug abuse and its consequences. On the other hand, recently, the occurrence of injuries and those related to mortality have increased dramatically in Iran. We have conducted this study to examine substance use among patients attended to emergency departments. Methods: This cross sectional population-based study was performed from January-June 2008. In this study 318 non fatally injured people who were referred to emergence departments of Sabzevar city were evaluated based on multi stage sampling. Abuse of amphetamines, marijuana, opium (opium and heroin) as illegal drugs and codeine and methadone as medical drugs were evaluated through standard methods. Extraction of opium and heroin was performed by using chromatography. Statistical analyses were perused using Chi-square, exact Fisher, logistic regression tests by using SPSS software. Significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: Mean±SD of age of the evaluated persons was 36.1±18.1 and 23% of them were female. From total number of injured cases, 36.5% of cases were driver, 10.7% passenger, 7.2% pedestrian, fall 41.8% and 3.8% violence. Prevalence of use of illegal drugs was 31.1% and there was not any significant difference between the male and female groups. Among the illegal drugs, the maximum use was for opium and the minimum was for amphetamine and marijuana. The maximum prevalence of abuse was observed in pedestrians and was 39.1% and the minimum was observed in drivers and was 27.6%. There was not any significant relation between the type of injury and abuse of illegal drugs. Medical cases were 23.6% among the total cases. Conclusion: Among the injuries the most frequent was accident and the prevalence of abuse of illegal drugs in the injured cases referred to emergency departments in Sabzevar city was relatively high. Our results are indicating that it is necessary to use precautionary strategies to reduce the abuse of drugs in Sabzevar.

[Zardosht Roqhaye, Hashemian Masoumeh, Moghaddamhosseini Vahideh, Akaberi Arash. Substance Use Among Non-fatally Injured Patients Attended Emergency Departments in North-East of Iran; Sabzevar. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1292-1297] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 195

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.195

 

Keywords: Substance use, Illegal drugs, Injury, Non-fatal, Emergency department

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Educational creativity of teachers can be changed using a suitable management and leadership style of managers (standard-oriented and relation oriented)

 

Homa Ghafourian*

 

Department of Education, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran

*homaghafourian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Improvement and development of country depends on progress of management system of the society, in which the role of manager and employees are very special. The main cause of existentiality of managers and their basic responsibility are playing managing roles, decision-making, adopted thinking methods, and their innovation in educational system, especially in school level. Thinking methods of managers require more effective and better using of financial and human resources. To achieve organizational objectives, manager is expected to use management principals, adopt appropriate methods, and have suitable human relations and qualified operation to form creative and productive organization, an environment without any stress and tension. In this paper we reviewed the different ways of relationship between leadership style of managers and creativity of primary school teachers to create a bed for selecting the best management methods and increase creativity of primary school teachers via a main question "is there any meaningful relation between leadership style of managers and creativity of teachers?". We concluded that manager and his management styles are the most important factors of each organization. If a manger wants to be successful, he should use the best leadership style to interest employees to work environment and strengthen motivation in all employees.

[Homa Ghafourian. Educational creativity of teachers can be changed using a suitable management and leadership style of managers (standard-oriented and relation oriented). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1298-1303] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 196

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.196

 

Key words: Educational creativity, management system, teachers, leadership style

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Aging populations’ quality of life: An emerging priority for public health system in Iran

 

Jabbar Heydari 1, Samad Rouhani*2, Reza Ali Mohammadpour 3

 

1. Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

2*. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health; Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran & Hospital Management Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3. Associate professor, Department of Bio-statistics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

samad.rouhani@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Abstract: It is apparent that the biggest demographic and health transitions are related to aging population with an increase in the number of elderly people and disproportionate prevalence of chronic diseases with diminished quality of life (QOL). It is particularly important for policymakers and stakeholders to note that poor health is not an inevitable consequence of aging thus appropriate interventions are required. Because improving QOL is a major policy and lifestyle goal, understanding QOL has tremendous potential implications on designing social policies for well-being. In a cross-sectional study the QOL of 200 elderly people age above 60 were measured in Sari a typical city in Iran. SF-36 and GHQ-28 were used for data collection. The findings of this study have shown that the average QOL of elderly people is about 53.5%. More than half of respondents have found with possible mental illness. Those who were categorized with possible mental illness had statistically significantly lower QOL. Quality of life had significant relationship with both health and non-health related characteristics of respondents. It has concluded that mental health examination and support have high priority in improving and extending QOL of elderly people in Iran. A well coordinated program from all stakeholders with appropriate contribution of their role is recommended.

[Heydari J, Rouhani S, Mohammadpour RA. Aging populations’ quality of life: An emerging priority for public health system in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1304-1309] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 197

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.197

 

Keywords: Aging, quality of life, priority, public health

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Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia based on the time of conception

 

Fariba Nanbakhsh 1, Farzane Broomand 1, Hamide Mohaddesi *2, S Nefoozi 3, Pouya Mazloomi 3

 

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

  2. Midwifery Faculty, Midwifery Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University

  3. General Practitioner, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

hmohaddesi.han@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Approximately 3-8% of pregnancies are complicated by preeclampsia (PE) and complications of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders that are the third leading cause of maternal deaths. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of preeclampsia in women based on month and season of the conception in northwestern Iran. The present investigation is a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study including all pregnant women with singleton pregnancies admitted to the Urmia Medical Science University due to preeclampsia, 2007-2008. From 2824 women with singleton pregnancy, 166 of them had preeclampsia and 2658 did not. In all cases, the onset of pregnancy was determined and the relationship between month (season) of pregnancy and occurrence of preeclampsia was studied. The general information, primary characteristics, and the history of the two groups were collected and compared. The age, gravidity and parity in the affected group were lower and difference was statically significant. Being nulligravid and having previous abortion was higher in the case group; and the difference was not statically significant. Preeclampsia incidence increased in cases of conception in warm and hot season’s esp. in summer. The average temperature of conception is higher in women with preeclampsia but the difference is not statically significant. Therefore, it is suggested to hold training classes for young couples in order to avoid such disorders.

[Fariba Nanbakhsh, Farzane Broomand, Hamide Mohaddesi, S Nefoozi, Pouya Mazloomi. Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia based on the time of conception. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1310-1314] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 198

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.198

 

Keywords: Seasonal variation; incidence of preeclampsia; timing of conception; northwestern Iran

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Comparison of Helicobacter pylori infection between pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarumand and controls

 

Fariba Nanbakhsh1, Hamideh Mohaddesi*, 2 Fatemeh Bahadory1, Javad Amirfakhrian3, Pouya Mazloomi 3

 

1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

2. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

3. General Practitioner, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

hmohaddesi.han@gmail.com

 

Abstract: A small percentage of pregnant women experience a severe form of nausea and vomiting called Hyperemesis gravidarum. To compare the rate of H. pylori infection between an Iranian samples of pregnant women who were suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) in their first trimester and control pregnant women without HG. In this cross-sectional study 30 pregnant women who suffered from HG and 30 controls were enrolled. H. pylori specific serum IgG was measured using ELISA method. IgG titers of more than 10, less than 10, and between 5 and 10 U/mL were considered as seropositive, seronegative, and suspicious for H. pylori infection, respectively. No significant difference was seen between the two groups regarding age, gestational age, and gravidity. Twenty-four patients (92.3%) in HG group had H. pylori infection, while this rate was only 7.7% (two patients) in control group (P < 0.001). No correlation was detected between IgG titers and either maternal age (t=2.4, P = 0.12) or parity (χ2 =0.2, P = 0.6). There was significantly higher rate of H. pylori infection in HG pregnant women in their first trimester in comparison to controls..

[Fariba Nanbakhsh, Hamideh Mohaddesi, Fatemeh Bahadory, Javad Amirfakhrian, Pouya Mazloomi. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori infection between pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarumand and controls. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1315-1318] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 199

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.199

 

Keywords: Hyperemesis gravidarum; helicobacter pylori; pregnant women

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Studying the social and cultural factors related to Tabriz citizen’s participation

 

Mahmoud Elmi

 

Department of social sciences. Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University, TABRIZ IRAN.

drmahmoodelmi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the social and cultural factors related to Tabriz citizen’s participation. The method of study is survey and the measurement tool for collecting data was questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes the 15- 45 residents (male and women) in Tabriz who were 820000 people form whom we choose 680 people as samples. We categorized them in three age groups: 15-25, 25-25, 35-45. In this paper, there was a significant correlation between independent variables (social conformity, social trust, satisfaction from government, modernization, availability to mass communication media, age, gender, rate of following the culture, economical- social statutes of citizens) and dependent (participation). There was also significant and inverse correlation between modernization and participation. According to low rate of citizen’s participation, we can say that this situation is the result of structural limitations in cultural and political system in Iran. People’s linkage with society and relationship with it or dissociation from society, are all related with social and cultural environment of society. What lead the actions are the behavioral patterns and habits which can be found in society and different institutions of society.

[Mahmoud Elmi. Studying the social and cultural factors related to Tabriz citizen’s participation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1319-1323] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 200

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.200

 

Keywords: participation, social conformity, social trust, modernization, following the culture, availability to media, satisfaction from government

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Bioremediation of Khormah Slaughter House Wastes by Production of Thermoalkalistable Lipase for Application in Leather Industries.

 

Bayoumi, R.A.1, Atta, H.M.2 and El-Sehrawy, M.H.3

 

1Biotechnology Dept., Faculty of Science and Education, Taif Univ. (Khormah branch), KSA.

2Botany and Microbiology Dept. Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar Univ.,Cairo,Egypt,P.N.:11884

3Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, Taif Univ., Taif, KSA

reda.elbayoumi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Thermoalkalistable lipases enzymes occupy a very important group used for bioremediation of environmental pollutants, act as biocatalysts and many other industrial application. One of the major industrial microorganism is the Bacillus sp. which are abundance in the desert localities. The aim of this research was to isolate, characterize of lipase producing bacteria from Khormah slaughter house wastes (SHW), Taif, Makkh, KSA, thermoalkalstable lipase production and its purification. SHW was found to be the most successful natural source for thermoalkalstable lipase production. Twenty eight lipase producing bacterial isolates were isolated. One strain was selected as a best thermoalkalistable lipase producer identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as Bacillus stearothermophilus KGSHW-1.The identification was confirmed by molecular biology technique. Different factors such as temperature, pH, incubation period, nutritional requirements, substrate concentration, inoculum size, vitamin requirements, effect of metallic ions, effect of incubation condition and bottle capacity were studied for improving thermoalkalstable lipase production. An optimum conditions for production of thermoalkalstable lipase by B. stearothermophilus KGKSA-1 was achieved at 60ºC, after 24 h. of fermentation at pH 10. Beef extract, vitamin B6 were the best carbon source and vitamin source, while potassium nitrate served as a source for nitrogen. Tryptophan was served as best amino acids, substrate concentration 75 (%,w/v) inoculated by 1 ml (7 x 1010 CFU.ml-1) under shaking conditions in 2.5% of 250 ml capacity. BaCl2 was induced the enzyme production. This enzyme was purified using acetone concentration 60% precipitation and gel filtration column using Sephadex G200 and 100 respectively. The purification fold steps for precipitation by acetone, dialysis against sucrose, Sephadex G200 and Sephadex G100 were found 2.086, 1.43,14.9 and 39.8 respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate revealed that the monomeric lipase has 60 kDa of its monomeric lipase. These results show a great potential for the use of this produced enzyme in industry and other future studies.

 [Bayoumi,R.A., Atta,H.M. and El-Sehrawy,M.H. Bioremediation of Khormah Slaughter House Wastes by Production of Thermoalkalistable Lipase for Application in Leather Industries. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1324-1335] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 201

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.201

 

Key words: Thermostable lipase, Alkalistable lipase, Nutritional requirements, Thermophilic bacteria, Slaughter house wastes.

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Intellectual capital management, a paradigm to enhance the human resource management in knowledge-based economy

 

Ali Atashi1*, Hossein Kharabi2

 

1-Young researchers club, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

2-Msc in management, Astara Branch,Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

The research is financed by Young researchers club, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

Cores ponder EMAIL: ali_atashi_1316@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Labor force which is qualified, innovative, dynamic and knowledgeable is the most important competitive advantage in organizations and rarest resource in today's knowledge-based economy. Offering different and distinct qualified products and services, reducing the costs, increasing the productivity, creativity and competitiveness are some advantages of qualified and knowledgeable human resources. Therefore, undoubtedly, the present era is the era of organizations, and trustees of these organizations are the human beings. Intellectual capital is raised as one of the most valuable resource in companies, and a key capital in the growth of entrepreneurship. Hence, today the necessity for development and development management is considered as a serious requirement in vast national level and the entrepreneurship area, and moving towards a knowledge-based economy has led to a change in the dominant paradigm in industrial economy. So that today we can see the emerging of knowledge-based and information-based economy whose foundation is based on intellectual capital. In the knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital is used to create value for the organization. In today's world, the success of any organization depends upon the ability to manage these assets. Today, we can see the growing importance of intellectual capital as an effective tool for increasing companies' competitiveness. Even intellectual capital measurement is necessary to compare different companies to determine their true value or improving their controls. This paper attempts to address intellectual capital, intellectual capital management objectives, measurable goals of intellectual capital, elements of intellectual capital, methods of measurement in organizations, interactions between organizations, quality management, human resources and quality, status, importance and necessity of capital management and human resource development, and through this study the place, importance and necessity of capital management and human resource development, new roles and functions of human resource management in the knowledge economy in the 21st century. The results suggest that in the present age, the availability of knowledgeable human resources are considered as the most important capability of the organization in acquiring competitive advantage, and also the main intangible asset, and the organizations believe that the employee must be regarded as the basis for improving quality and productivity in all organizational processes. Leading organizations by their efforts to attract, develop, retain and employ qualified and knowledgeable personnel ensure the competitive advantage for today and tomorrow.

[Ali Atashi, Hossein Kharabi. Intellectual capital management, a paradigm to enhance the human resource management in knowledge-based economy. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1336-1340] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 202

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.202

 

Keywords: human resource management, knowledge-based economic, human resource development, human capital, intellectual capital.

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Effect of high-performance human resource management in the corporate entrepreneurship.

 

Ali Atashi* (Corresponding author), Hossein kharabi **

 

* Young researchers club, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

** Msc in management, Astara Branch,Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

The research is financed by Young researchers club, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

 

Abstract: This study sought to examine how performance aspects of human resources (selection, training, worker mobility, job security, job design, rewards, assessment of results and participation) communicate and impact on corporate entrepreneurship (risk-taking activities, pioneering, high innovation, and aggressive competition) with respect to the role of procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior. This study shows that high performance of human resources has a positive relation with corporate entrepreneurship. Data analysis is done through collecting questionnaire from 93 managers of small and medium enterprises in Gilan using Pierson statistical test and multiple regressions. Research findings indicate that human resources are important for corporate Entrepreneurship prevalence and reach to a competitive power and maintain corporate development in a Long-term. In this regard, Procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior is effective in corporate development in long-term and finally some practical solutions are listed for achieving the desired goal.

[Ali Atashi, Hossein kharabi. Effect of high-performance human resource management in the corporate entrepreneurship. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1341-1353] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 203

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.203

 

Keywords: corporate entrepreneurship, high performance of human resources, organizational citizenship behavior, Procedural justice

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Hiccups due to hepatitis on the base of Iranian Traditional medicine

 

M minae1,Q Mohammadi2*, M somi3, M Mosadegh4, M Kamalinejad5, A Nikbakht Nasirabadi 6

 

1Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

2School of Iranian Traditional Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

3Tabriz Liver and Gastrointestinal disease research center.

4Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

5 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

6Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

 

ABSTRACT: Hiccups are involuntary severe spasmodic inspiration of diaphragm and inter-coastal muscles. However; from the point view of traditional medicine in Iran, it is defined as the upward movement of stomach material and consists of counteraction and expansion movements. It is a movement which exiles the wind from the stomach. Hiccups, if held continuously and be chronically, can lead to loss of job and the person suffering from it may face mental problems as well as depression in society. There are very few studies regarding hiccup etiology recorded in medicine; however, to cure the usual and short-lasting hiccups, some ways as metoclopromide, chlopromasins, Baclofen Gabapantin can be used. The cure usually lasts long and is not usually effective and is accompanied with chemical drug side effects. There are very comprehensive and various discussions regarding kinds, diagnosis, and treatment of hiccups in traditional medicine. However, the discussions have not been studied extensively. In the present study, Avicenna’s view and some other ancient scientists' views are under focus and it concentrates on hiccups derived from the interaction of huge liver inflammation and its treatments. The kinds of hiccups were also discussed.

[M minae, Q Mohammadi, M somi, M Mosadegh, M Kamalinejad, A Nikbakht Nasirabadi. Hiccups due to hepatitis on the base of Iranian Traditional medicine. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1354-1356] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 204

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.204

 

Keywords: Hiccups, Hepatitis, Avicenna, Iranian Traditional Medicine.

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A local leadership model for adaptive studying leadership style of government and non-government newspapers

 

Farhangi Ali Akbar1, Mirsepasi Naser2, Memarzadeh Tehrani Gholamreza3, Samadi Mehran4

 

[1] Professor in Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran

2 Professor in Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran

3 Professor Assistant in Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran

4 PhD student of media management in Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran

 

Abstract:This study first intend to identify a pattern of local leadership for government and non-government newspapers, and secondly, to compare the pattern of leadership in the government and non-government newspapers. For this purpose, first, all leadership models have studied and 134 parameters as parameters of local leadership model have received combining them with Islamic leadership model that is appropriate to the circumstances of Islamic republic of Iran. These indicators provided for 56 professors of media management and newspaper managers. After factor analysis, 68 statements were classified in four classes that the charismatic leader with 32 statements, learning factor with 18 statements, values - ethnics factor with 12 statements and communications skills (empathy) with 6 statements were obtained. After implementing a questionnaire in pilot environment and calculating Cronbach's alpha, six statements were removed. And finally the charismatic leadership factor with 32 statements, learning factor with 16 statements, values - ethnics factor with 9 statements and communications skills (empathy) with 5 statements were obtained.

[Farhangi Ali Akbar, Mirsepasi Naser, Memarzadeh Tehrani Gholamreza, Samadi Mehran. A local leadership model for adaptive studying leadership style of government and non-government newspapers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1357-1364] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 205

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.205

 

 Key words: non-government newspapers, government newspapers

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The comparison of injuries in boys’ amateur epical athletes in three fields: Kyokushin ka, controlling Karate and Aikido

 

Dr. Ghofrani Mohsen1, Mousavi Seyyed Hamed2

 

1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2. MA in Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises

 

Abstract: The aim of this purpose was to compare of the dangerous agents of injury in the three martial art fields: Karate, Kyokushin ka, Aikido. The present research is the lasting research that has been analyzed injuries in three last months. The samples of research include 90 Aikido players, 73 Kyokushin ka players, 70 Karate players (with mean and standard deviation age 15.9 ± 1.6 year, high 168.9 ± 6.3 cm, weight 58.5 ± 7.1 kg) from Shiraz clubs. The samples were selected availability and purposefully. The questionnaire of Destamp et al. (2006) was used to collect data and Χ2 test was used to analyze data. The results showed injuries in Aikido was (56.3 percent), Kyokushin ka (24.1 percent) and in Karate (19.5 percent). There were sprain injuries in Karate (31.2 percent), strain injuries in Kyokushin ka (29.6 percent) and bruised injuries in Aikido (32.3 percent). The injuries of lower organs were more than other organs in all three fields, in Aikido (68.4 percent), Kyokushin ka (34.9 percent) and Karate (41.3 percent). Also, the partners’ technical error in Karate (30.3 percent), Kyokushin ka (23.7 percent) and partners’ knockdown in Aikido (29.9 percent) were known as important mechanics of appearing injuries. Generally, few injuries in Karate (70.6 percent), Kyokushin ka (59.2 percent) and Aikido (60.5 percent) have been more than middle, violent, and very violent. The amount of injuries during exercise (80.6 percent) was significantly more than competition (19.4 percent) in all three fields. The measure of injuries of dominant side in Aikido (51.4 percent) and Karate (45.9 percent) were observed significantly further than non-dominant side position. However, there was not the significant difference in Kyokushin ka. Aikido is an encounter sport, nevertheless the control ways of Karate were done under the semi – encounter laws and it causes fewer injuries in this way.

[Ghofrani Mohsen, Mousavi Seyyed Hamed. The comparison of injuries in boys’ amateur epical athletes in three fields: Kyokushin ka, controlling Karate and Aikido. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1365-1371] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 206

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.206

 

Key words: amateur epical athletes, Aikido, Karate, Kyokushin ka

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Comparison ofthe Initial State of Active and Passive on the Relative Peak Anaerobic Power and Blood Lactate Elite Handball Players

 

Gholamhasan jafarzadeh1, Mohammad Nasiri2

 

1Behbahan KhatamAlanbia University of Technology, Iran

2Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Khoy branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran

Corresponding Author: Gholahasan.jafarzade@yahoo.com; Mobile:+98 9169714048

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study and compared to the initial state of active and passive on aerobic power of maximal relativity and elite handball players' blood lactate. Quasi-experimental and experimental research is done. Statistical research, which Behbahan city's elite society Handball players selectively between the desires to cooperate with the plan was formed. The statistical study sample included 20 patients randomly assigned to two groups to be the primary mode of active (AR) and passive (PR) are divided. Three bouts of 2 minutes each Wingate test with 15 minutes played back to the initial state, in inequality; the AR group feet sedentary on ergo meter wheel with 65-55% of maximum heart rate while PR group rested on the wheel. Indices for determining central tendency and dispersion, descriptive statistics and averages for comparing two groups; the t-test for comparison of three tests in a one-way ANOVA was used The results showed that the group returned to the initial state of the active group compared to the initial conditions were better off in relative peak anaerobic power, which was statistically significant. The data results in both groups showed significant blood lactate.

[Gholamhasan jafarzadeh, Mohammad Nasiri. Comparison ofthe Initial State of Active and Passive on the Relative Peak Anaerobic Power and Blood Lactate Elite Handball Players. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1372-1374] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 207

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.207

 

Key words: Active and passive return to the initial state, Relative peak anaerobic power, Blood lactate

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The Role of IMS Functional Architecture in Next Generation Network

 

Sheyda Kiani Mehr

 

Shomal University, Amol, Iran

 

Abstract: The migration to Next Generation Networks is a sea change, a fundamental transformation that is expanded all over the world. It provides converged services over IP. In fact, NGN operates at session layer of OSI model and is aiming to make IP environment deterministic. This is done through establishing end-to-end sessions among communicating parties. From functional architecture perspective NGN is divided into two mainly stratums which are defined separately, but the main focus in this paper is the IP Multimedia subsystem which is in the service stratum of NGN. IMS is the evolution of the core network vision, where both signaling and bearer are carried over the IP layer, contemplated in the early 2000s by the 3rd Generation Project (3GPP) and the 3GPP2 standards bodies. IMS was later extended by TISPAN for fixed services. It enables the attached end devices to support personalized experience involving simultaneous voice, data, and multimedia sessions. In this paper all the important IMS components are described, according to the TISPAN. In addition to the Core IMS functional architecture, some of its near neighbors which are related to IMS are discussed. In conclusion, it is inferred a key feature of IMS is that the IP network is extended all the way to the user equipment, making the core network access agnostic and enabling all-IP communications throughout.

[Sheyda Kiani Mehr. The Role of IMS Functional Architecture in Next Generation Network. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1375-1382] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 208

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.208

 

Keywords: NGN, 3GGP, TISPAN, IMS.

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The Comparison of response inhibition, planning and reconstitution of thought in ADHD and normal children

 

Esmail Kheirjoo1, Farnaz farshbaf manei sefat2, Sarvin ansar hosien3

 

1. Azarbayjan Shahid Madani University, Iran

2. Ph.D student of psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University

3. MA/ Child and adolescent clinical psychology,Tabriz University

 

Abstract: Attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity (ADHD) is the most common childhood disorders. In explaining ADHD is referred to deficits in executive functions. Hence, the objective of the current study is to compare some executive functions in ADHD and normal children. In this present study, 25 ADHD children of combined subtype, 25 ADHD children of inattentive subtype and 25 normal children were selected. In this study, the children symptom inventory, Raven’s Coloure Progressive Matricies Test (RCPM), Stroop Color- Word Test, Tower of Hanoi puzzle, and Vygotsky’s test were used. In order to analyze data, the researcher used MANOVA and follow-up test. The results indicated that there is significant difference between response inhibition, planning and reconstitution of thought in ADHD and normal children. The result also indicates that the function of ADHD children with combined subtype were weaker than attention ADHD children with inattentive subtype. It can be concluded that ADHD children have deficit in executive functions. But it is necessary to note that there are different executive functions in subtypes of this disorder.

[Esmail Kheirjoo, Farnaz farshbaf manei sefat, Sarvin ansar hosien. The Comparison of response inhibition, planning and reconstitution of thought in ADHD and normal children. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1383-1388] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 209

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.209

 

Key words: Response inhibition, Planning and reconstitution of thought, ADHD

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Contribution of Climbing up to High Altitudes Subsequent to Co-enzyme Q10 Completing on Mallon-di-aldehyde Variations in the Serum of Male Mountaineers

 

Shahla Hojjat1*, Morteza Moghimi Oskouei2, Mir Hamid Salehian3

 

1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Corresponding Author: Shahla Hojjat

2.Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

3.Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: dr.sh.hojjat@gmail.com; Email: mortezamoghimi15@gmail.com

+989144139893; E-mail:mh_salehian@yahoo.com; +989144174072

 

 Abstract: The aim of this research was to study the climbing effect into high altitude contribution as subsequent to supplement of Q10 coenzyme on Mallon-di-aldehyde rate in male mountaineers’ serum. Thus, 14 experienced and skilled male mountaineers (average 181 cm height, 25.5 years old, 75 kg, Body mass index 22, Percent of hypodermic fat 10 cm in Ave., VO2Max 80.5 lit/min, with experience of 5-15 years) were selected randomly and divided into 2 Experimental and Control groups. Before climbing, they consumed Q10 supplement and Placebo for 14 days. Their blood samples were analyzed in 4 different altitudes; 1500m, 2800m, 4300m and 5671m during climbing to Damavand summit. The results were considered by special kits of laboratory and auto-analyzer machine. Data were analyzed by F Test (as variance test with repeating in related factor). The relation among Q10 supplement hasn't a meaningful relation with Mallon-di-aldehyde rate but altitude variations are in meaningful relationship for both of the groups.

[Shahla Hojjat, Morteza Moghimi Oskouei, Mir Hamid Salehian. Contribution of Climbing up to High Altitudes Subsequent to Co-enzyme Q10 Completing on Mallon-di-aldehyde Variations in the Serum of Male Mountaineers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1389-1392] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 210

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.210

 

Key words: high altitude, coenzyme of Q10, Mallon-di-aldehyde, mountaineering

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Evaluating and comparing the effectiveness of sport sponsorship among the selective teams of the football premier league of Iran

 

Hamid Bakhshandeh1*, Mohsen Ghofrani2

 

1. MA in Sport Management, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zadedan, Iran

2. Assistant Prof., Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zadedan, Iran

Email: m.ghofrani18@yahoo.com; Email: hoseinbakhshandeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of sport sponsorship among the selective teams of Iranian football premier league. All fans of three teams in football premier league were selected as a population size. By using a formula, 216 individuals for Esteghlal, 245 individuals for Traktor and 291 individuals for Persepolis were selected randomly. Smith’s questionnaire was used to collect the data and validity of it approved by 6 professional of sport management and the reliability by Choronbach alpha coefficient and obtained 0.73. Finally, 752 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed by t test, ANOVA and Scheffe. The results showed that sport sponsorship among the selective teams was effective. Furthermore, result of ANOVA showed that there is significant different between the effectiveness of sponsorship among the selective teams. It is recommended to the club managers to improve the enhancement factors of fan attendance, and they should inform the sponsors its effectiveness.

[Hamid Bakhshandeh, Mohsen Ghofrani. Evaluating and comparing the effectiveness of sport sponsorship among the selective teams of the football premier league of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1393-1398] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 211

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.211

 

Keywords: sponsorship, effectiveness, football premier league, purchase intentions

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Direct method for solving QUOTE   convection-diffusion by block pulse functions with error analysis

 

A. Jafari shaerlar1*, and E. Babolian2

 

1. Department of Mathematics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU)- Tehran, Iran.

2.Department of Mathematics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU)- Tehran, Iran.

 

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce new numerical method to deal with convection-diffusion problem.The proposed method is based on two dimensional block pulse functions under the framework of projection method.In this approach, we use operational matrices instead of partial derivatives, thus any PDEs problem is converted to linear or nonlinear system of Algebra. Error analysis for this method are given. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.

[A. Jafari shaerlar, and E. Babolian. Direct method for solving QUOTE   convection-diffusion by block pulse functions with error analysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1399-1404] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 212

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.212

 

Keywords: Convection-diffusion equation, Block pulse functions, Partial differential equation, Direct method, operational matrix

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Effect of bicarbonate sodium supplement on skaters’ performance

 

Ali Ojaghi1, AbdolReza Yeganeh2, Lamia MirHeidari3, Mir Hamid Salehian4

 

1.Department of Physical Education, Shabestar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

2.Department of Physical Education, Shabestar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

3.Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

4.Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: a_ojagi2005@yahoo.com; mh_salehian@yahoo.com; lamiamirheidari@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Bicarbonate is the body's most important extracellular buffer. Bicarbonate loading increases the muscle's extracellular buffering capacity and ability to dispose of excess hydrogen ions produced through anaerobic glycolises. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplement on skaters’ performance in young men. Sixteen skate players in the current study were selected and divided randomly into two groups: sodium bicarbonate (SB) and placebo (P).subject in the SB group orally ingested gelatin capsules that contained sodium bicarbonate at a dose of 300 mg·kg-1 b. w while subject in P group ingested the same osmolar dose of cellulose 60min before 5oom speed trial. Blood samples were obtained before and one hour after consuming supplementation and two min after the 500m skate trial. Blood pH, lactate, standard bicarbonate (SBC) and performance of skaters were measured. The subjects were fast for 12-14h. Results indicated that there were statistically significant difference in Blood lactate and pH at the post exercise state between the placebo and sodium bicarbonate trial (p < 0.001). Resting blood concentration of bicarbonate increased following the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (p<0.05) and the result also showed there were statistically significant changes in average skating speed (p<0.05). These data demonstrate that pre-exercise administration of NaHCO3 improves performance, possibly by facilitating the efflux of hydrogen ions from working muscles and thereby delaying the fatigue at sprint performance. We recommend ingestion of sodium bicarbonate to enhance sprint performance.

[Ali Ojaghi, AbdolReza Yeganeh, Lamia MirHeidari, Mir Hamid Salehian. Effect of bicarbonate sodium supplement on skaters’ performance. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1405-1409] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 213

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.213

 

Key Words: skater, sodium bicarbonate, lactate, speed

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Surface slope enhances anterior muscles fatigue in lower limb

 

Behzad Yasrebi1, Karim Leilnahari2, Seyed Esmaeel Hashemi-Aghdam3, Mir Hamid Salehian4

 

1.Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2.Department of Biomechanics, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3.Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Treatment Affair, Tabriz, Iran

4.Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: mebyas@yahoo.com Tel: +989144171933

 Email: k.leilnahari@gmail.com Tel: +989121770408

Email: mh_salehian@yahoo.com Tel: +989144174072

Email: mehratab@yahoo.com Tel: +989143010357

 

 

Abstract: In this human study, the effect of slopes changes of motion surface on four muscles fatigue of lower limb was investigated by surface electromyography. Zero, 10 and 20 degree slopes of a treadmill with constant speed of 5 km/h were used. Seven mature men were selected. Each man as walked on the treadmill at each slope for five minutes time. Then, muscles signals were recorded before and after walking on treadmill by surface electromyography. Time period of between tests for each person on different slopes of treadmill was 48 hours. It was revealed that between fatigue rate of muscles, at zero degree slope, was not significantly different (P>0.05). But, at 10 degree slope, between fatigue rate of Tibialis and others was significantly different (P<0.05) and was increased. Also, at 20 degree slope, between fatigue rate of Quadriceps and others was significantly different (P<0.05) and was increased too. It is concluded that slope changes of motion surface can increase anterior muscles fatigue of lower limb.

[Behzad Yasrebi, Karim Leilnahari, Seyed Esmaeel Hashemi-Aghdam, Mir Hamid Salehian. Surface slope enhances anterior muscles fatigue in lower limb. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1410-1412] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 214

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.214

 

Keywords: muscle, fatigue, electromyography, lower limb, slope

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Comparing Impactof Two Types of The Exercising Preparation Programs On Indices of The Body Composition And Muscular Injuries Biomarkers Among Soccer Slayers

 

Gholamhasan jafarzadeh1, Mohammad Nasiri2

 

BehbahanKhatamAlanbia University of Technology,Iran

2Department ofPhysicalEducation and Sport Science, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding Author: Gholamhasan.Jafarzade@yahoo.com; Mobile:+98 9169714048

 

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the specific physiological effects of general preparation phases on the injured muscle blood biomarkers in elite soccer players before the competition. Thus, 22 elite football players have participated in this study. During this study in two stages, the blood sample collection was done before and after the general preparation phase, then before of the competition and the pre-seasonal matches. The collected data were studied by using the statisticalmethod of correlated t test at significance level of 0.05 (α = 0.05). Results showed that there was no significant reduction in amount of the musculoskeletal masses of football players before and after of the various trainings phases (general and specific exercise ahead of the matches); and, there was indeed a significant reduction in amount of the bodymass values after different training phases than before the general preparation phase. In addition, there was a significant increasesin CPK values before and after the different training phases among the soccer players. And finally; there was a significant increases in LDH values before and after the different training phases in among the soccer players.

[Gholamhasan jafarzadeh, Mohammad Nasiri. Comparing Impactof Two Types of The Exercising Preparation Programs On Indices of The Body Composition And Muscular Injuries Biomarkers Among Soccer Slayers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1413-1414] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 215

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.215

 

Key words: Biomarkers of the injured muscle; Rhabdomyolysis; Cretin kinas, Musculoskeletal structural injuries

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Study on serum Leptin level of children with Asthma

 

Lida Saboktakin1, Neemat Bilan1, Alireza Nikniaz1, Mina Nazari2

 

1. Pediatric Health Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Lidasaboktakin@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Based on epidemiological studies, incidence of asthma and obesity is rising in parallel and the obesity is associated with severe asthma and its poor medical treatment response. The changes in immune system function by means of some mediators like Leptin is effective in coincidence asthma and obesity. The aim of this study was evaluation of Leptin levels in children with asthma and its relation with treatment and the affected children’s Body mass index (BMI). In a cross sectional descriptive analytic study in pediatric disease department of Tabriz university of medical sciences, we evaluated the serum level of Leptin in children with asthma. The Leptin level in patients with asthma was 29.60 ± 29.25 and in control group was 6.34 ± 6.52 respectively which was significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). Serum level of Leptin in patients with periodic asthma was 9.26 ± 10.90 and in patients with persistent asthma was 36.74 ± 30.38 that Serum level of Leptin was significantly higher in patients with persistent asthma than periodic asthma (P<0.001) and also Serum level of Leptin in patients with severed persistent asthma was 46.97 ± 33.88 that significantly higher (P<0.001). Mean of serum level of Leptin in patient's with good response to treatment was 9.26 ± 10.90, in patient's with moderate response to treatment was 22.74 ± 21.12 and in patient's with poor response to treatment 40.01 ± 29.25 that significantly higher in patient's poor response to treatment(P=0.004). In patients with asthma, a significant positive liner correlation was found between Serum level of Leptin with age, height, weight, weight Percentile-for-age and BMI. In patients of control group, a significant positive liner correlation was found between Serum level of Leptin with weight, Weight Percentile-for-age, BMI, BMI Percentile-for-age and BMI z-score-for-age.

[Lida Saboktakin, Nemat Bilan, Alireza Nikniaz, Mina Nazari. Study on serum Leptin level of children with Asthma. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1415-1419] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 216

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.216

 

Keywords: Asthma, Leptin; Body mass index (BMI); Response to Treatment

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Predictive value of biophysical profile in determining the immediate postpartum neonatal outcomes in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)

 

Shabnam Jafari Zareh1, Shamsi Abbasalizadeh1, Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh1, Amirreza Jahanshahi 2

 

1-Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Assistant professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

sabbasalizadeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Evaluating predictive value of BPP and Non-stress test (NST) in determining immediate postpartum neonatal outcomes in PPROM patients. In an analytic-descriptive study on 156 PPROM singleton pregnancies at gestational age of 34-37 weeks in Al-Zahra Center, Tabriz, during a 13-month period, BPP and NST were conducted on all patients before pregnancy termination. ABG analysis was conducted in all newborns, categorizing them into two groups: normal or abnormal (acidosis or alkalosis). Abnormal BPP was considered as total score ≤6. Predictive value of BPP and NST was evaluated accordingly. In predicting immediate postpartum neonatal outcome based on ABG results, sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and accuracy of BPP was 52.9%, 91.1%, 62.1%, 87.4% and 81.1%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between total BPP score and Apgar scores on minutes 1, 3 and 5. In the same circumstances, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive/negative predictive values, and accuracy of NST was 50%, 89.3%, 56.7%, 86.5% and 80.8%, respectively. Mean Apgar scores on minutes 1, 3 and 5 were significantly higher in cases with reactive NST result. Based on our results, although there was a significant relationship between fetal outcome of mothers with PPROM, and BPP and NST results, these two modalities may not be efficient in predicting final fetal outcome due to low sensitivity.

[Shabnam Jafari Zareh, Shamsi Abbasalizadeh, Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh, Amirreza Jahanshahi. Predictive value of biophysical profile in determining the immediate postpartum neonatal outcomes in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Life Sci J2012;9(4):1420-1424] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 217

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.217

 

Keywords: Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes; Newborn; Outcome Assessment

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Study on prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in adolescents with failure to thrive to compare with control group

 

Lida Saboktakin1, Mandana Rafeey1, Ahamad Kousha2, Siamak Mahmood Moradi3

 

1. Liver & Gastrointestinal diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. Associated professor, faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Lidasaboktakin@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: About 20-80% of the world population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in developing countries can be acquired at an early age, and this may lead to chronic diarrhea, malnutrition and growth retardation. The aim of this study was evaluating the prevalence of HP infection in the students of Tabriz which was in the age range of 13 to 15 yrs old and its correlation with physical growth factors. In a cross sectional and descriptive analytical study in Pediatric medicine department of Tabriz University of medical sciences on students in the age range of 13 to 15 yrs old in Tabriz we evaluated the prevalence of HPinfection and its correlation with physical growth factors. Of 806 adolescents, 386 of them were male and 420 of then were female. The mean age of the boys was 175.87 ± 4.72 months and girls was 175.32 ± 4.51 months (P=0.095). The stool HP antigen was positive in 35.2% of adolescents with a mean level of 0.65±0.48.The HPstool antigen level was 0.70±0.49 in the adolescents with low socioeconomic and 0.55±0.42 in adolescents with high socioeconomic group (P<0.001). There was a negative reverse linear correlation between the level of income and HP stool antigen titers (P<0.001, R=-0.129). The HP stool antigen is higher in patients with lower socioeconomic level. There was a negative reverse linear correlation between the HP stool antigen titers andadolescent’s, Height Percentile-for-age, Height z-score-for-age, Weight (K gr), Weight Percentile-for-age,Weight z-score-for-age, BMI، BMI Percentile-for-age and BMI z-score-for-age, but there was not a meaningful linear correlation between the HP stool antigen titer and age of the adolescents.

[Lida Saboktakin, Mandana Rafeey, Ahamad Kousha, Siamak Mahmood Moradi. Study on prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in adolescents with failure to thrive to compare with control group. Life Sci J2012;9(4):1425-1431] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 218

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.218

 

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori stool antigen; adolescent; Height; Weight; BMI

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Comparison of serum & pleural levels of NT-ProBNP in patients with acute dyspnea and pleural fluid referred to Emergency Department

 

Ali Taghizadieh1, Alireza Aala2, Amir Hossein Jafari Roohi2, Mohammad Reza Gaffary1, Peyman Moharramzadeh2, Mahboub Pouraghaei2, Amir Gaffarzad2, Behzad Nazari3

 

1- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.

erman_drala@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Pleural effusion is one of the most common manifestations of cardiac and non cardiac disease all over the world. The first step in the evaluation of patients with pleural effusion is to determine whether the effusion is a transudate or an exudate, that diagnostic Light criteria have been widely used. Although, this criteria are sensitive for identifying exudates, but they misclassify 15% to 25% of transudate as exudates. N-terminal B-type Natriuretic Peptide(NT-proBNP) is a cardiac neurohormone specifically secreted from the ventricles in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. This study aims at Comparison of serum and pleural levels of NT-ProBNP in patients with acute dyspnea and pleural fluid referred to Emergency Department and evaluating diagnostic value of serum and pleural NT-ProBNP in diagnosis of heart failure. In an analytic-descriptive cross-sectional study, 43 patients with acute dyspnea and pleural fluid in two groups (15 patients with CHF and 28 patients with other pathology) were analyzed in a 17 month period in Tabriz Emam Reza hospital. Samples of pleural fluid and serum were obtained from all patients on admission and NT-ProBNP was performed by electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay method. Also other biochemical analysis (albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, amylase, LDH) were performed and gradient and ratio of this markers were accounted. The Mean ± SD serum NT-proBNP levels in CHF and non CHF patients were 15423 ± 3351 pg/ml and 4751 ± 1616 pg/ml, respectively; and plural NT-ProBNP levels in CHF and non CHF patients were 14822 ± 3249 pg/ml and 3569 ± 1231 pg/ml, respectively. Using a cut-off value of 2350 pg/mL for serum and 1750 pg/ml for pleural samples, the accuracy of NT-proBNP for identifying pleural effusions from cardiac causes was 76%, the sensitivity and specificity  was 93.3% and 76.9%, respectively; The positive and negative likelihood ratio was 3 and 0.10 , respectively. The positive and negative predictive value was 60% and 95%, respectively. In this study Light criteria had 40% sensitivity and 78% specificity in identifying cardiac causes of pleural effusion. NT-proBNP is better than Light’s criteria and a useful marker for the diagnosis of pleural effusions from heart failure when measured in either serum or pleural fluid.

 [Ali Taghizadieh, Alireza Aala, Amir Hossein Jafari Roohi, Mohammad Reza Gaffary, Peyman Moharramzadeh, Mahboub Pouraghaei, Amir Gaffarzad, Behzad Nazari. Comparison of serum & pleural levels of NT-ProBNP in patients with acute dyspnea and pleural fluid referred to Emergency Department. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1432-1438] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 219

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.219

Keywords: B-type Natriuretic Peptide; Congestive Heart Failure; Dyspnea; Pleural Fluid

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Factors influencing beef purchase among consumers in Mafikeng, South Africa

 

Keketso R and Oladele O. I.

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa E-mail: oladimeji.oladele@nwu.ac.za

 

Abstract: This paper examined Factors influencing beef purchase among consumers in Mafikeng. A descriptive research design was used for this study and from a population of beef consumers in Mafikeng, a sample of 120 respondents were selected for the study. In order to ensure that all the people interviewed for this research are the consumer of beef, ten butcheries were selected from which twelve people from each butchery were interviewed. The results show that majority of consumers are married, and have a high education level with a middle income. The Mafikeng consumers mostly buy meat from butcheries, because they provide for best value for money. They only purchase their beef meat when pressed for time or looking for something extra special. And their main reason for buying beef is for household consumption. The consumers mostly buy fresh and dried beef. The most effecting factors for Mafikeng consumers to buy beef is because of the considerations on beef parts, price, more varieties for cooking, suggestions from known person and the beef colour quality.

[Keketso R and Oladele O. Factors influencing beef purchase among consumers in Mafikeng, South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1439-1443] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 220

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.220

 

Keywords: beef, consumers, market, demand, supply, taste, prefernces

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Analysis of Support Service Needs and Constraints facing Farmers Under Land Reform Agricultural Projects in North West Province, South Africa

 

Sekoto K S and Oladele O.I

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North –West University Mafikeng Campus, South Africa. oladimeji.oladele@nwu.ac.za

 

Abstract: The objective of the research was to analyze support service needs and constraints facing farmers under land reform agricultural projects in the Central district (Ngaka Modiri Molema) of the North West Province. The study covered the five (Ratlou, Tswaing, Mafikeng, Ditsobotla and Ramotshere) local municipalities of Ngaka Modiri Molema district in the North West Province of South Africa. Simple random technique (drawing from the hat method) was used to select 50 LRAD projects. Instrument of data collection was via structured and pre-tested questionnaire, the data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), regression analysis frequencies, mean and percentages. The study indicated that size of farms ranges from 6.6 – 1300 hectares. It was also evident that the project beneficiaries are faced with prominent constraints such as; lack of finance, poor building infrastructure, lack of fencing and poor input supply and these constraints have negative impact on the projects. Prominent support services needed by LRAD farmers are funding, building infrastructure, capital funds, farming infrastructure and inputs. The statistical analysis results have indicated that three of the seven variables were positive and one of the three variables was significantly associated with the probability of support services needs and constraints facing farmers under land reform agricultural projects. This is knowledge about extension officer. The regression results indicate that knowledge about extension officer (t = 2.452, p = 0.019) was highly significant. This variable tended to increase the chances of support services needs and constraints facing farmers under land reform agricultural projects.

[Sekoto K S and Oladele O.I. Analysis of Support Service Needs and Constraints facing Farmers Under Land Reform Agricultural Projects in North West Province, South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1444-1452] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 221

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.221

 

Keywords: land reform, beneficiaries, support services, extension services, financial services

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Socio-Economic And Job Characteristics Among Farm Workers In Mafikeng Municipality South Africa

 

Silolo MD and Oladele O.I.

 

Graduate School of Business and Leadership,

Department of agricultural Economics and Extension

North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa.

E-mail: oladimeji.oladele@nwu.ac.za

 

Abstract: The study examined personal and job characteristics and the socio-economic status of farm workers in the Mafikeng area, North West province, South Africa. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 farm workers to be interviewed. A structured questionnaire was developed based on the study objectives and related literature to collect data which were analyzed using frequency count, percentages and multiple regression analysis. The results show that the majority of farm workers fall between 20-30 years age group with males dominating and most have gone through primary education. The mean salary of most of the farm workers per month was R1 250.00. Medical aids, sectoral determination and labour unions were non-existent in different farms. In terms of possession of materials, 79% of the farm workers have chickens while 64% have dogs. 92% have radio, 93% have beds, 89% have tables and 59% have electric stoves. Also, 82%have cell phones while 78% have boots and rain coats each. Significant determinants of job characteristics were age (t = 4.66), gender (t = 2.66), Marital status (t = 3.46), educational level (t = 2.95), job category (t = -3.57), types of employment (t = -3.17) and family size (t = -3.32); while significant determinants of socio-economic status were age(t = 3.32), gender(t =3.11) and family size (t = 4.88). The findings have implications for the level of socio-economic status of the farm workers and the need to improve on their livelihoods.

[Silolo MD and Oladele O.I. Socio-Economic And Job Characteristics Among Farm Workers In Mafikeng Municipality South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1453-1459] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 222

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.222

 

Keywords: farm workers, personal and job characteristics, socio-economic status

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 Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1460-1467] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 223

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Tropical Legume Residues on Nitrogen Utilization of Rice-Legumes Rotation

 

M. Motior Rahman, M. Sofian-Azirun, Boyce, A. N.

 

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

mmotiorrahman@gmail.com; mmotiorrahman@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is the major nutrient limiting yield of rice (Oryza sativa) and adequate quantity of nitrogenous fertilizer is one of the important strategies for increasing yield. In this study two tropical legumes such as long bean and mung bean were used as precedence crops of rice. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in both legumes at rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g m-2. No chemical fertilizer was applied in 2nd year for both legumes and rice crop. First crop cycle of rice was also fertilized with different levels of N fertilizer (0, 4, 8 and 12 g m-2) to assess the ability of long bean and mung bean to supply nitrogen to wetland rice and to determine the amount of fertilizer N required to optimize rice yield when long bean and mung bean were grown in the rice crop rotation. Mung bean added 4.7-5.7 g N m-2 of which 0.3 to 1.1 g fixed N m-2 while long bean added 4.6-5.5 g N m-2 of which 0.2 to 1.0 g fixed N m-2 to the soil when legumes residue was incorporated in 2010. In the 2nd cycle of cropping mung bean added 4.6-5.4 g N m-2 of which 0.5 to 1.2 g fixed N m-2 while long bean added 4.4-5.3 g N m-2 of which 0.5 to 1.1 g fixed N m-2 to the soil when both legume plant residue was incorporated in 2011. Rice after long bean and rice after mung bean with N at rates of 8 and 12 g N m-2 produced higher yield of rice in both years although no N fertilizer was applied in 2nd year rice crop. This superior performance of rice after long bean or mung bean is likely linked to higher N uptake along with N fixation of mung bean and long bean which can be a possible supplement N source to boost soil fertility. Such tropical legumes that improve productivity of rice might be attractive to farmers who are generally resource-poor farmers. The results reveal that mung bean and long bean can supply >50% of N required for rice and can be a feasible alternative organic N source to enhance soil fertility.

[Motior MR, Sofian-Azirun M, Amru NB. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Tropical Legume Residues on Nitrogen Utilization of Rice-Legumes Rotation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1468-1474 ] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 224

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.224

 

Keywords: Rice yield; Legume residues; Nitrogen fertilizer

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An Exploration into Spatial - Temporal Variations Trend Focusing on Forest Classification and Adoption of Classified Error Matrix (Case Study: Central Zagros)

 

Behnaz Moradi Ghiyasabadi1(Corresponding author), Masoud Monavari2, Alireza Ghragozloo3, Nematollah Khorasani4, and Borhan Riyazi5

 

1- PhD student in Department of Environmental and energy, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2- Assistant professor in Department of Environmental and energy, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3- Assistant professor in Geomantic collage of NCC OF Iran.

4- Assistant professor in Department of Environmental and energy, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

5- Assistant professor in Department of Environmental and energy, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

 

 Abstract: In order to study on the rate of variations in Zagros central region, LANDSAT satellite data from years 1976-2008 were used to prepare a map comprising five classes (of land use) including agriculture, urban, forest, rocks and ranch. Accordingly, the satellite imageries relating to the given period were prepared, interpreted and mapped and variations trend was quantitatively computed, and obtained data were compared to each other while this task was done at three levels i.e. Macro-level (Central Zagros), Meso-level (Dena Protected Area) and Micro-level (Western Dena). On the other hand, measurement of canopy has been introduced as an appropriate factor in forest management and classification at micro level (11). To prepare the given map, distribution of canopy was classified by means of arithmetic interpretation of aerial photographs so that scanned aerial photos 1:20000 (1968) and 1:40000 (2001) were prepared by application of PCI Geometrica orthographically at first step and mosaic pattern was arranged from them. In the next step, the arithmetic orthophotomosaic was classified in three classes (dense canopy, semi-open canopy and open canopy forests) and the resulting map from this classification was prepared using ArcGIS System. To calculate canopy, dotted network with 0.5mm intervals was used as arithmetic layer. Statistical analyses have been adopted for a 30-year period by means of Maximum Likelihood Supervised Technique and in order to determine variation in contrast method after classification as well as Maximum Likelihood Algorithm. The obtained results indicated the rates of total accuracy in images classification for 1976 and 2008 as 90.22% and 94.09% respectively. The computations suggest that areas for farming lands, residential use and open canopy forest have increased, while the dense, semi-open and open canopy forest areas as well as ranches and rocks have been reduced.

[Behnaz Moradi Ghiyasabadi, Masoud Monavari, Alireza Ghragozloo, Nematollah Khorasani, and Borhan Riyazi. An Exploration into Spatial - Temporal Variations Trend Focusing on Forest Classification and Adoption of Classified Error Matrix (Case Study: Central Zagros). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1475-1486] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 225

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.225

 

Keywords: Variation Trend, Error Matrix, Remote Sensing, Satellite Imageries, Aerial Photographs

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The Role of e-Commerce Awareness on Increasing Electronic Trust

 

Issa Najafi

 

PhD Candidate, IT & E-commerce

ARMENIAN STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY (ASAU)

E-mail: issa.najafi@gmail.com / najafy@um.ac.ir

 

Abstract: It is not long ago that e-commerce service has turned to be one of the most important applications of the Internet and www. In all aspects of human life, especially in business activity, the application of ICT is so strong that in near future, the world will witness inevitability of this technology in most of the daily issues. Regardless of its technological advantages in the areas of increasing speed, accuracy, ease and dramatic reduction of transaction or processing costs, many challenges and application barriers are continuously faced by its users. Concerns such as users’ privacy breaches, ensuring the accuracy, original identification of the buyers and sellers, confidentiality provision cause discomfort and distress an individual during cyberspace transaction or deal. And the achievement of the desired level of confidence in the abilities and capabilities of the other side and performance endanger the system. The increased level of awareness and the security culture of the cyberspace application enhance relative peace of an individual while being in the virtual space or in the process of e-commerce. The resulting comfort helps a person to identify and belief in the capabilities of the opposite side or system and their adherence to the commercial, behavioral, legal and technical principles connected to right deals. In cyberspace under discussion, this identification or situation is corresponding with electronic trust. E-Trust is the pillar of E-commerce. This article will discuss the role of e-commerce awareness in increasing the electronic trust.

[Issa Najafi. The Role of e-Commerce Awareness on Increasing Electronic Trust. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1487-1494] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 226

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.226

 

Keywords: Trust, E-commerce Awareness, Privacy, Security, Risk, e-Trust

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Electrical and thermal transport properties of binary chalcogenide indium polytelluride crystals

 

Nagat A.T.1, S.A.Al-gahtani1, F.S. Shokr1, S.E. AlGarni 1,S.R. Al-Harbi1 and K. A.Quhim2

 

1- Physics Department, sciences of Faculty for Girls, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, KSA

2-Physics Department –college of Education, for girls in Namas, King Khalid University

sr_alharbi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In the present work, single crystals of In2Te5 were grown by the modified Bridge man technique. An investigation has been carried out on the influence of temperature on the electrical conductivity, Hall effect and thermoelectric power. The energy gap calculated to be 0.88 ev, the ionization energy of acceptor was determined to be 0.14 ev. The conductivity throughout the entire temperature range was found to be of P-type. The electrical conductivity, Hall coefficient, carrier concentration ration at room temperature were estimated to be 1.47 x10 -2 (W-1 cm-1), 4.6 x104 cm3/C and 1.3 x1014 cm-5 respectively, the electron and hole mobility are found to be 8.53 x103 cm2/v.sec and 6.78x103 cm2/v.sec respectively. The effective masses of charge carriers are 1.59 x10-39 kg and 2.42 x10 -38 Kg for electrons and holes respectively. The diffusion coefficient for both majority and minority carriers was estimated to be 177.6 cm2/sec and 221.3 cm2/sec respectively. The diffusion length as well as the relaxation times of holes and electrons are found to be Lp= 4.29x10-7 cm, Ln= 1.368x10-7 cm, tp = 1.63 x 10-15 sec and tn = 8.4 x10-17 sec respectively. In addition to these pronounced parameters, the efficiency of the thermoelectric element (figure of merit) was checked, which leads to better application in many fields keywords; crystal growth, In2Te5, electrical conductivity, Hall effect, thermoelectric power.

 [Nagat A.T., S.A.Al-gahtani, F.S..Shokr, S.E. AlGarni,S.R. Al-Harbi and K. A.Quhim. Electrical and thermal transport properties of binary chalcogenide indium polytelluride crystals. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1495-1499] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 227

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.227

 

Key words: In2Te5, Hall effect, TEP, electrical conductivity

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Global analysis of a virus infection model with multitarget cells and distributed intracellular delays

 

Mustafa. A. Obaid

 

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University,

P.O. Box 80111, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

drmobaid@gmail.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the global analysis of a virus infection model with multitarget cells and multiple distributed intracellular delays. The model is a -dimensional nonlinear delay differential equations that describes the dynamics of the virus, classes of uninfected target cells and  classes of infected cells. The incidence rate of infection is given by saturation functional response. The model has two types of distributed time delays describing the time needed for infection of target cell and virus replication. This model can be seen as a generalization of several models given in the literature describing the interaction of the virus with one class of target cells. Lyapunov functionals are constructed to establish the global asymptotic stability of the uninfected and infected steady states of the model. We have proven that if the basic reproduction number is less than unity then the uninfected steady state is globally asymptotically stable, and if the infected steady state exists then it is globally asymptotically stable.

[Mustafa. A. Obaid. Global analysis of a virus infection model with multitarget cells and distributed intracellular delays. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1500-1508 ] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 228

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.228

 

Key words: Global stability; viral infection; intracellular delays; multitarget cells; Lyapunov functionals.

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Comparative studies of four legume tree species and screening the potential species using their physiological and root properties

 

Mohammed Saifuddin1* and Normaniza Osman1

 

1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +60172017345; Fax: +603-7967-4178

*cushihab@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: It is a great challenge for researchers to select plant species for vegetation on slope considering their physiological and root properties. Before planting out any plant species, it would thus be wise to know their physiology and root profiles as better plant physiology and root profiles are the most desired properties for the potential slope plants. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the physiological performances and root profile of four selected tropical plants: Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Adenanthera pavonina (AP), Peltophorum pterocarpum (PP) and Pterocarpus indicus (PI). These tropical, native species were grown in three different types of soil under greenhouse conditions. Outstanding physiological performance, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, the photosynthetic rate, the biomass production and a high growth rate, were observed for LL, followed by PP, AP and PI. In terms of the root profiles, LL also exhibited a higher root length (450%), volume (500%), and tensile strength (176%). In terms of the soil types, the results indicated that LL grew well and showed a better physiological and root profile than PP in the slope soil. The root biomass values of the studied species was correlated with the soil moisture content (R2=0.83) and leaf area index (R2=0.58). Overall results suggested that L. leucocephala was comparatively better for plantation to reinforce soil, as it exhibited outstanding physiological performance and root profiles.

[Saifuddin M, Normaniza O. Comparative studies of four legume tree species and screening the potential species using their physiological and root properties. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1509-1518] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 229

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.229

 

Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence, Photosynthetic rate, Cumulative ranking, Root profiles, and Root tensile strength

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Sensitivity analysis of Super-efficiency DEA Models for Iranian banks

 

Hadi Mohammadi Zarandini, Mohammad Reza Sheikhnabi

 

Enghelabe Islami Technical College, Technical and Vocational University, Yaftabad, Tehran, Iran

Hadi_mohammadi_zarandini@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Banks as the economy monetary sectors and also due to the speed of the reflection of the policies of these sectors have an effective role for making economic steady growth in the whole society. Due to the variety of services, the assessment of bank units is complicated. The current assessment methods and the evaluation of bank units are empirical methods and since they are not standardized, their results in different banks are not comparable with each other. In addition, these methods do not consider the efficiency of the units and only consider the output of the units. The methodology of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a scientific and nonparametric approach for evaluating efficiency or none efficiency of decision making units (DMU) which has many scientific applications in banks, hospitals, power stations, insurance, and also universities. In this paper, variation of input and output of an efficient bank with considering its efficient is verified. In this regard, strong bank efficiency is defined and the sensitive variations in input and output of the bank are studied in contrast with efficient banks.

[Hadi Mohammadi Zarandini, Mohammad Reza Sheikhnabi. Sensitivity analysis of Superefficiency DEA Models for Iranian banks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1519-1526] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 230

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.230

 

KEYWORD: Data Envelopment Analysis, Super efficiency, Sensitive Analysis, Bank System

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Some approximation theorems via -convergence

 

Mustafa Obaid

 

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University,

P.O. Box 80111, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abstract: The concept of -convergence was introduced in [P. Schaefer, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 36(1972)104-110] by using invariant mean.In this paper we apply this method to prove some Korovkin type approximation theorems.

[Mustafa Obaid. Some approximation theorems via -convergence. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1527-1530] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 231

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.231

 

Keywords and phrases: Invariant mean; -convergence; Korovkin type approximation theorem.

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Investigation of the Electrical Transport Properties of TIBiTe2 Single Crystals

 

F.S.Bahabri1, A.T.Nagat1, R. H. Al-Orainy1, F. S. Shokr1, S.A.Al-Gohtany1 and M. H. Al-Husuny2

 

1. Physics Department, Science of Faculty for Girls, King Abdul Aziz University- KSA

2. Physics Department, Science of Faculty for Girls, Tuyba University - KSA

f_s_bahabri@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: The preparation and electrical properties of a Thallium Bismuth ditelluride single crystals are reported in the present work. Measurements of the electrical conductivity and Hall coefficient were performed over a temperature range from 178-568 K. The study was carried out under vacuum. The crystals obtained had p-type conductivity with a hole concentration of 1.4 x1010 cm-3 at room temperature. The conductivity and Hall mobility at 300K were 5.06 x10-6 Ω-1cm-1 and 2257.53 cm2V-1s-1 respectively. The calculated energy gap width and the ionisation energy were 0.43 eV and 0.15 eV, respectively. The variation in the charge carrier concentration versus temperature is discussed. The scattering mechanism was evaluated over the entire range of temperature. Additionally, other important parameters were estimated, such as the diffusion coefficient, the mean free time and the diffusion length of holes. These properties have not been reported to date.

[F.S.Bahabri, A.T.Nagat, R. H. Al-Orainy, F. S. Shokr, S.A.Al-Gohtany and M. H. Al-Husuny. Investigation of the Electrical Transport Properties of TIBiTe2 Single Crystals. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1531-1533] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 232

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.232

 

Key words: Chalcogenides, Thallium Bismuth ditelluride – crystal growth.

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On Using VIKOR for Ranking Personnel Problem

 

Mohamed F. El-Santawy and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean

 

Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR)

Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Personnel selection problem implies more than one dimension to be optimized. Many conflicting criteria should be considered when comparing alternatives to choose among or rank them. In This article, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem is presented and a real-life international company personnel selection problem of a new manner is illustrated. The technique used in solution named Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje in Serbian (VIKOR) is applied for ranking the alternatives.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean. On Using VIKOR for Ranking Personnel Problem. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):1534-1536] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 233

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.233

 

Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Making; Personnel; VIKOR

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Assessment of the Knowledge of Midwives Regarding Prevention of Low Apgar Score

 

Mulondo Seani Adrinah1, Khoza Lunic Base2

 

1. Department of Advanced Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Limpopo Province, Box 3287, Shayandima 0945, South Africa

1. Department of Advanced Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Limpopo Province, Box 643, Letaba 0870, South Africa

seani.mulondo@univen.ac.za; Bkhoza@univen.ac.ca

 

Abstract: Health professionals and midwives in particular, are responsible for the management of a pregnant woman during antenatal clinic, labour, puerperium and including neonatal care. They have to acquire knowledge of obstetric practice. Lack of knowledge may lead to mismanagement of labour, poor delivery technique which leads to babies born with low Apgar score of 7 or less at 5 minutes. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of midwives regarding the prevention of low Apgar scores among neonates. The study was designed as a quantitative and descriptive research. A representative sample of 100 midwives working in the maternity units of three district hospitals was selected. A self-administered questionnaire with closed questions was used to collect data. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants. The findings revealed that midwives perceived themselves to be having knowledge related to midwifery practice; however they were lacking knowledge of some skills related to midwifery care such as gestational period for engagement of the fetal head in primigravida. Protocols on the management of conditions contributing to low Apgar scores among neonates should be developed. The protocols should be in line with the Guideline for Maternity Care in South Africa. All midwives need to be trained in the implementation of these protocols.

[Mulondo SA, Khoza LB. Assessment of the Knowledge of Midwives Regarding Prevention of Low Apgar Score. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1537-1545] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 234

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.234

 

 Keywords: Midwives; knowledge; prevention; low Apgar score; neonates

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A Study on Seed Hydro-Priming Effects on Morphological Traits, and Qualitative and Quantitative Yield in Soybeans under Farm Conditions (Iran)

 

Seyed sajjad Moosavi*1, Davar Hayati Khanghah2, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah1, Yousef Alaei1 and Maryam Jafari1

 

1- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

2- Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: Seyed sajjad Moosavi, moosavi_sajjad@yahoo.com. +989143556497

 

Abstract: To study the Seed Hydro-Priming effects on soybeans morphologic, and qualitative and quantitative traits, a research was carried out in Ardebil Islamic Azad University research farm, in 2008. This research was conducted in factorial based on complete block randomized design. One of the Seed Hydro-Priming factors was 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours which were soaked in tap water and dried to 30percent moisture. A seed sample was also considered as an observation sample (without pretreatment). The second cultivar factor was Williams and LV (17). Results indicated that there is a significant difference at 1percent level between hydro-priming durations on plant height, grain yield, oil content, weight of sub-stems, number of sub-stem and germination percentage. In most traits other than sub-stems weight and number of sub-stems, 8-hour Hydro-Priming provided the best yield. Moreover, cultivar interaction effects on plant height trait in Hydro-Priming were significant at 1percent. The results to the average comparison table indicated that Williams cultivar had the most height with 8-hour Hydro-Priming. Also, there was a significant difference among cultivars on number of sub-stem, weight of sub-stems and plant height at 1percent and in most traits LV (17) had a better yields comparing to the Williams cultivar. Considering the results, see Hydro-Priming due to the short growth period and to increase the yield and better green in farm seems to be of significance. Also, 8-hour Seed Hydro-Priming is suggested for soybeans.

 [Seyed sajjad Moosavi, Davar Hayati Khanghah, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah, Yousef Alaei and Maryam Jafari. A Study on Seed Hydro-Priming Effects on Morphological Traits, and Qualitative and Quantitative Yield in Soybeans under Farm Conditions (Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1546-1552] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 235

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.235

 

Keywords: Seed Water Pre-Treatment, oil and protein percentage

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Study on the architecture of Iran by new perspective to future

 

Neda Ziabakhsh1* and Shahabedin Ziaolhagh2

 

1Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, Roudehen, Iran

2Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

 * Corresponding author: ziabakhsh@riau.ac.ir

 

ABSTRACT: Today, the necessity of energy saving is one of categories to be noticed more than before. Accurate controlling the amount of energy consumed in building and providing the required designing criteria to save energy is quite vital. Traditional architecture as applied in Iran is of a great value for its extensive capabilities to provide solutions for effective use of energy. So, by taking advantage of collective wisdom of the architects of precedent generations as well as historical experience, an Iranian architect has achieved to this capability and contemporary artists could be inspired by this achievement to design new and modern buildings. Since, Zavareh is one of ancient cities of Iran and comprehensive studies have not been made on this city, then desirable recognition of climatic aspect of this city may be valuable to know the Iranian local /domestic architecture. In the present paper, the residential architecture of this city is going to be studied to provide reasonable solutions for designing. Then, by application of these solutions, designing regulations, optimized materials and architectural regulations consistent with the climatic conditions of this city will be established and finally an effective measure to achieve a lasting architecture is taken. This paper will mainly focus on studying typology of residential constructions of it and checking its climatic features against sustainable architectural factors and those elements specific to sustainable and climatic architecture of it. The methodology applied in this research is based on a descriptive and analytical approach and the documents complied are documentary resulting from many field studies. To do this, many of the constructions built in this city have been visited. The theoretical framework of this research demonstrates that the conditions of traditional architecture in each region have been affected by climatic conditions.

[Neda Ziabakhsh1 and Shahabedin Ziaolhagh. Study on the architecture of Iran by new perspective to future. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1553-1559] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 236

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.236

 

Key words: architecture, climate, sustainability, vernacular

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Demonstration of Size-Based Separation of Molecules by Gel Chromatography: An Exercise for Biology Beginners

 

Cheau Yuaan Tan, Saad Tayyab

 

Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

saadtayyab2004@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: An introductory laboratory exercise has been designed for biology beginners to visualize and analyze the chromatographic separation of a mixture of blue dextran, α-chymotrypsinogen (protein) and potassium ferricyanide on a Sephadex G-75 column (60Í1.0 cm). Separation of the two coloured components i.e. blue dextran (blue colour), α-chymotrypsinogen (colourless) and potassium ferricyanide (yellow colour) of a green-coloured mixture can be visually seen in the form of blue- and yellow-coloured bands distant by a colourless zone. The elution volumes of different components in the mixture were found similar to the elution volumes of these components, when loaded individually onto the same column. Such demonstration of separation of different components in a mixture on a gel chromatographic column is an interesting exercise for biology beginners (undergraduate students) to learn separation technique on the basis of size.

[Tan CY, Tayyab S. Demonstration of Size-Based Separation of Molecules by Gel Chromatography: An Exercise for Biology Beginners. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1560-1563] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 237

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.237

 

Keywords: Biology beginners; gel chromatography; laboratory exercise; molecular separation

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Assessment of Households’ Access to Electricity and Modern Cooking Fuels in Rural and Urban Nigeria: Insights from DHS Data

 

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa.

abayomi.oyekale@nwu.ac.za

 

Abstract: Nigerian domestic energy crises are significantly paradoxical given the high spectrum of energy resources that the country is naturally endowed with. This study analysed the factors influencing access to electricity and use of modern cooking fuel in Nigeria. The data were the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) comprising 34070 respondents. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics and Seemingly Unrelated Bivariate Probit (SUBP) regression. The results show that 45.57 percent of all the households had access to electricity with 82.25 percent in urban and 28.72 percent in rural areas. Also, 0.82 percent and 0.13 percent of urban and rural respondents respectively primarily used electricity for cooking, while 44.82 percent and 9.87 used kerosene. However, 83.99 percent and 42.53 percent of urban and rural households respectively used wood for cooking. The results of the SUBP regression show that access to electricity and modern cooking energy sources significantly increased (p<0.01) among urban dwellers, educated household heads but declined with resident in northern Nigeria. It was concluded that Nigerian government needs to properly design some institutional mechanisms and approaches for increasing access to modern energy to reduce indoor pollution and other associated health hazards.

[Abayomi Samuel Oyekale. Assessment of Households’ Access to Electricity and Modern Cooking Fuels in Rural and Urban Nigeria: Insights from DHS Data. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1564-1570] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 238

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.238

 

Keywords: modern energy, electricity, kerosene, fuel wood, Nigeria

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TQM and Organization Performance: The Mediation and Moderation Fit

 

Tahir Iqbal1, Bilal Ahmad Khan2, Nadeem Talib3, Dr. Nawar Khan1

 

1National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

2Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Islamabad, Pakistan.

3National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan

tahirse6393@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Total Quality Management (TQM) is a unified organizational setting to improve the quality at every function and level of organization. The objective of this study is to measure the effect of TQM practices on the performance of the telecom sector of Pakistan. Telecom sector is continuously striving to improve the quality of its services to achieve business objectives. A conceptual framework model to investigate the said relationship is developed and tested. The results are based on a survey instrument developed through an extensive literature review. To analyze the complex relationship between the variables, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology was employed. The data collected from 212 respondents was used to test the model by using AMOS 16. Analysis of the data supports a strong and positive association between the TQM practices and quality performance, innovation performance and organization performance (OP) respectively. This study found that innovation performance has partial mediating impact between TQM and OP, whereas, QP mediation impact was not established. Moreover, culture of support has a moderating role in the relationship between TQM practices and the OP.

[Tahir Iqbal, Bilal Ahmad Khan, Nadeem Talib, Nawar Khan. TQM and Organization Performance: The Mediation and Moderation Fit. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1571-1582] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 239

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.239

 

Key Words: Total Quality Management (TQM), Quality Performance (QP), Innovation Performance (IP), Organization Performance (OP), Culture of Support (CS).

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Influence of Home Visits Nursing on Activities of Daily Living in Stroke Patients

 

Xu Hui, Zhang Chunhui, Lin Beilei, Zhang Weihong, Zhang Zhenxiang

 

The Nursing College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.

xuhui896@126.com

 

Abstract: Objective Exploring the influence of the home visits nursing on stroke patients' activities of daily living(ADL). Methods 60 cases who suffered from stroke at the first time were grouped into two groups: intervention and control. 30 cases in control group received conventional finally discharge instructions, and in intervention group 30 cases received the home visits nursing on the basis of the conventional discharge instructions, including health education and training in activities of daily living. The improved Barthel indexes were used to evaluate their activities of daily living in one month and three months respectively before and after leaving hospital. Results Patients’ ADL is stronger than that of the control group after leaving hospital in one and three months respectively, with a significant difference (P0.01). Conclusions Continuous home visits nursing after leaving hospital improves significantly stroke patients ADL.

[Xu Hui, Zhang Chunhui, Lin Beilei, Zhang Weihong, Zhang Zhenxiang. Influence of Home Visits Nursing on Activities of Daily Living in Stroke Patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1583-1586] (ISSN:1097-8135).

 http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 240

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.240

 

Keywords: Stroke, home visits nursing, activities of daily living (ADL)

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Effect of irrigation by contaminated water with cloth detergent on plant growth and seed germination traits of maize (Zea mays)

 

Hassan Heidari

 

Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran, heidari1383@gmail.com

 

Abstract: People are worried about effect of household cleaning products in the environment. One of the sources of detergent is sewage that is being used for irrigation of the crops. A laboratory experiment and a pot experiment were conducted in 2012 to determine the effect of irrigation with different doses of detergent on plant growth and seed germination traits of maize (Zea mays). The experiments included eight doses of cloth detergent (0, 0.00002, 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20 g/L). Results showed that 20 g/L of detergent severely reduced seed germination and root length. 20 and 2 g/L of detergent reduced shoot length and seedling weight. 20 g/L of detergent produced the lowest leaf area, leaf weight, stem weight and total biomass. The results demonstrated that irrigating by the sewage contaminated by household cleaning products at high concentration should be avoided.

[Hassan Heidari. Effect of irrigation by contaminated water with cloth detergent on plant growth and seed germination traits of maize (Zea mays). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1587-1590] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 241

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.241

 

Key words: Detergent; maize; seed germination; seed vigor; specific leaf weight

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Nominal system in Buzābādi, one of the north-eastern dialects of central Iran

 

Nasrin Safavizadeh, Fatemeh Moosavimirak

 

Department of human sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

n.safavi77@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The article is intended to have a systematic study on the nominal system and conjugation of nominals in Buzābādi dialect. Since Buzābādi is a dialect of central Iran and is considered as a western Iranian language, its nominal system is studied from three aspects: numerals (singular – plural), definite – indefinite nouns and gender (masculine- feminine). The research was carried out through synchronic methodology (describing language in a specific period). Having studied the results of the researches done on the dialects of cenral Iran, the researcher started her field study in Buzābād area. The data were basically gathered through observation, experience, questionnaires and interviews. Findings: _ As in all ancient Persian – rooted languages, nouns in this dialect are conjugated. _ Adjectives are conjugated based on the gender (feminine-masculine). _ Pronouns are conjugated based on the gender.Numerals (singular – plural) are conjugated based on the gender _ Based on the gender, some verbs are conjugated differently. _ Definite / indefinite indicators are specific characteristic of the dialect.

[Nasrin Safavizadeh, Fatemeh Moosavimirak. Nominal system in Buzābādi, one of the north-eastern dialects of central Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1591-1593] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 242

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.242

 

Key words: Nominal system, Buzābādi, Definite-indefinite- North-western dialect of central languages, Numerals (singular-plural), gender (masculine-feminine)

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Effect of defoliation intensity on maize yield, yield components and seed germination

 

Hassan Heidari

 

Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran, heidari1383@gmail.com

 

Abstract: A field experiment and a laboratory experiment were conducted in 2011 to determine the effect of intensity of defoliation on yield of maize (Zea mays). The field experiment included seven defoliation intensities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and whole leaves per plant) from top to bottom leaves. Seeds of the field experiment were used for the laboratory experiment. In the laboratory experiment, germination traits of seed produced from maternal plant under defoliation treatment was tested. Results showed that defoliation had a significant effect on seed yield, rows number per ear, seed number on row, cob length, cob weight and harvest index (P<5%). Seed yield was reduced by increasing defoliation intensity. The results suggest that the two upper leaves should not be defoliated, because this treatment has remarkable negative effect on the seed and biological yield. Severe removal of leaves (T7) increased seed germination percentage, rate and vigor that provide evidence for maternal environmental effects on germination.

[Hassan Heidari. Effect of defoliation intensity on maize yield, yield components and seed germination. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1594-1598] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 243

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.243

 

Key words: Defoliation; harvest index; maternal effect; seed vigor

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Assessment of Homocysteine Plasma Levels and Insulin Resistance among Obese Women with Anovulatory Infertility

 

Nervana MK1, Bayoumy1, Mohamed M. El-Shabrawi2 and Khaled A. Atwa3

 

1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Thrombosis & Hemostasis, King Saud University; 2Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University; 3Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University. zeinash2003@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was conducted to assess homocysteine plasma level and insulin resistance profile (blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, HOMA-IR, body mass index) among different groups (non-obese, over-weight and obese) of women with anovulatory infertility. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Suez Canal University hospital in the period from December 2011 to August 2012. Total of 150 women with anovulatory infertility were included in this study, divided equally into three groups: non-obese, over-weight and obese. Blood samples were collected in second or third day of menstrual cycle for laboratory work-up. Hormonal profile and insulin resistance profile were determined for each patient. Plasma level of homocysteine was determined using the commercially available ELISA kit. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding homocysteine plasma level, body mass index and HOMA-IR with p-value < 0.001. There was a significant association between homocysteine plasma level and BMI. BMI and serum testosterone level were higher in obese and over-weight women in comparison to non-obese patients. Positive correlations were found between homocysteine plasma level with insulin level, HOMA-IR and LH/FSH ratio. In conclusion, homocysteine plasma level is positively correlated with BMI, insulin resistance, testosterone level and LH/ FSH ratio in over-weight and obese infertile women. This highlights an interaction between high homocysteine level, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia, mimicking polycystic ovarian syndrome that could be responsible for the infertile state in these patients.

[Nervana MK, Bayoumy, Mohamed M. El-Shabrawi and Khaled A. Atwa. Assessment of Homocysteine Plasma Levels and Insulin Resistance among Obese Women with Anovulatory Infertility. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1599-1604] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 244

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.244

 

Keywords: Homocysteine, Anovulation, Polycystic ovarian Syndrome, Insulin resistance, Body mass index

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Natural Radioactivity Levels in Environmental Samples (Iron and Copper) in the Arabian Shield, the Western Part of Saudi Arabia

 

Safia H. Q. Hamidalddin* and Afaf A. Fakeha

 

Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

safiahqh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The Arabian shield, in the western part of Saudi Arabia has significant iron and copper ore deposits, they have promising economic potential with their reserves. Nine rock samples were collected from different areas of it and prepared for analysis. XRD was applied to determine the mineral composition of the samples, which revealed that the major minerals are QUARTZ (mostly in all samples), MAGNETITE, HEMATITE, CORUNDUM, GOETHITE, MONTMORILLONITE, PYRITE, ANKERITE, BOEHMITE, SPINEL and ALBITE, with additional minor and trace minerals. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of using 70% irn gnificant iron by the gamma spectrometer based on hyper pure germanium detector "HPGe" crystal. For  concentrations, the values ranged from152.68 to 264.73 (for iron ore), 156.37 and 329.98 (for copper ore). For 226Ra, the activities of and  in equilibrium with parent ( were used to calculate the concentrations in Bq/kg dry weight, the average values ranged from 2.50 to 386.30 (for iron ore), 57.41 and 1048.01(for copper ore). While the activities of 232Th series were calculated from daughters , , a nd , the average concentrations in Bq/kg dry weight ranged from 1.50 to 183.90 (for iron ore), 43.66 and 44.41(for copper ore). 40K concentration values in Bq/kg dry weight ranged from 2.70 to 186.99 (for iron ore), 48.92 and 191.33 (for copper ore), and the  concentrations in Bq/kg dry weight ranged from 8.35 to 13.70 (for iron ore), ND and 18.37 (for copper ore). the Raeq Bq/kg dry weight which ranged from 10.88 to 333.59(for samples 1,2,3, 6,7,9), they are less than 370 the permissible value adopted by EPA and UNSCEAR (2000), while for samples 4, 5 were 610.63 and 662.56 which they are higher than the value 370, for sample 8 (Jabal Sayid) has the highest value 1114.21 (Bq/kg).

[Safia H. Q. Hamidalddin and Afaf A. Fakeha. Natural Radioactivity Levels in Environmental Samples (Iron and Copper) in the Arabian Shield, the Western Part of Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1605-1610] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 245

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.245

 

Keywords: Arabian shield- iron ore and copper ore- MAGNETITE- HEMATITE- Raeq Bq/kg

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Clinical Outcomes of Rectal Carcinoids: A Single-Institution Experience

 

Xiaoli Zheng1, Yufei Lu1, Siguo Cheng2, Chengliang Yang1, Hong Ge1

 

1Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.

2Henan Red Cross Blood Center, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.

gehong66@gmail.com

 

Abstract: To report clinical outcomes of rectal carcinoids through investigating patients with rectal carcinoid. Between December 2011 and January 2003, 16 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven rectal carcinoid were enrolled at our institution, including ten males and six females, with a medial age of 49 years old (range 29 to 78 years). The median tumor size was 12.3mm, five lesions diameter were ≥ 20mm, eight lesions diameter were ≤ 10mm, three lesions diameter were 10mm-20mm. All rectal lesions were located within 10cm from the anal verge. 9 cases underwent transanal local excision; 3 cases had received anterior resection (Dixon); 2 cases underwent abdominaloperineal resection (APR); 2 cases underwent Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).2 of patients received postoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Calculation of the 5-year overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) were performed by Kaplan-Meier methodology. All patients were followed up for a median of 45.4 months (Range: 6 to 161 months), no patient was lost to follow-up. The 5-year OS, RFS and CSS were 85.2%, 93.8% and 90.9% respectively. Rectal carcinoids had a favorable prognosis, an adequate resection play key role in management of rectal carcinoid tumors, the extent of the surgical resection depend on its size, its anticipated stage and the specific patient needs.

[Xiaoli Zheng, Yufei Lu, Siguo Cheng, Chengliang Yang, Hong Ge. Clinical Outcomes of Rectal Carcinoids: A Single-Institution Experience. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1611-1614] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 246

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.246

 

Key words: Clinical outcomes; Neuroendocrine tumors; Rectal carcinoids

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Effect of Weak Electro Magnetic Field on Grain Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

 

Omar A. Almaghrabi1 and Esam. K. F. Elbeshehy²

 

ˡ Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science north Jeddah, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia

²Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science north Jeddah, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia (Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Egypt)

esamelbeshehy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Growth parameters data were used in this study for the evaluation of nine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Giza168, Tabouki, Kaseemi, Yamanei, Madini, Nagrani and Seds 12 at the University of King Abdul Aziz in season 2011. Grains of wheat different cultivars were exposed in batches to weak electric magnetic fields (3000 gauss = 0.3T of magnetic force) for 30 min. Then, the magnetic treated grains were placed in Petri dishes between two layers of moist germination paper by magnetic water. They were placed in the germination incubator at 20°C in an upright position. In order to estimate the rate of germination and percentage of germination. After 21 days, different plant growth parameters were tested such as shoot length, root length, shoot / root length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight based on normal seedlings and effect of magnetic treatments on number of protein bands in wheat seedling. The results showed that all magnetic field treatments increased the rate and percentage of germination, all growth parameters and number of protein bands based on normal seedlings in wheat cultivars. The higher increments observed when grain exposed to weak electric magnetic field strengths 0.3 T at 30 min and dipp in magnetic water compared with control and cultivar Sakha93 showed decreased in the percentage of germination, all seedling growth parameters and numbers of seedling protein bands when exposed to all magnetic field treatments compared with controls, while Masr1 cv. No effected when treated compared with control. Magnetic field and water application gave best results in all seedling parameters compared to unexposed control.

[Omar A. Almaghrabi and Esam.K.F. Elbeshehy. Effect of Weak Electro Magnetic Field on Grain Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4): 1615-1622]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 247

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.247

 

Key words: Weak Electro-Magnetic Field - Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - Grain Germination - Seedling Growth

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Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: a new biomarker in diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

 

Hesham A. Issa1, Osama S. Elshaer1, Ahmed M. Awadallah1 and Tawfik El-Adl2.

 

Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department1 and Internal Medicine Department2, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt. hissa1966@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent albuminuria (>300 mg/d or >200 mcg/min). The interaction of advanced glycation end products with their cellular receptor (RAGE) is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. RAGE has a circulating secretory receptor form, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), which, by neutralizing the action of advanced glycation end products, might exert a protective role against the development of cardiovascular disease. Objective: to study the serum levels of sRAGE in type 2 diabetic patients and to clarify the possible association with urinary albumin excretion as an early marker of microvascular damage. Patients and Methods: Eighty subjects divided into two groups; group I (patients group) included 60 type 2 diabetic patients. They were subdivided into 2 subgroups: twenty normo-albuminuric diabetic subgroup and forty micro-albuminuric diabetic subgroup. Group II (control group) included 20 apparently healthy individuals of matched age and sex. All cases were subjected for estimation of sRAGE by sandwich ELISA technique together with routine laboratory investigations including fasting blood glucose, s. creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, HbA1C and Microalbumin. Results: sRAGE was significantly lower in microalbuminuric diabetic than normoalbuminuric diabetic and control groups (p<0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between sRAGE and HDL-cholesterol and a negative significant correlation between sRAGE and creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol HbA1C and microalbumin. Conclusion: The present study found that sRAGE blood levels are lower in diabetic patients who have renal complications, supporting the hypothesis that sRAGE, by limiting the interaction of AGE with cell membrane RAGE, can protect vessels against AGE toxicity. Thus, stimulation of sRAGE production should be considered as a potential therapeutic target in diabetes and AGE-related vascular disease.

[Hesham A. Issa, Osama S. Elshaer, Ahmed M. Awadaallah and Tawfik El-Adl. Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: a new biomarker in diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1623-1629] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 248

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.248

 

Key words: sRAGE, diabetic nephropathy, microalbuminuria.

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Frequency, Temperature and Composition Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Nd3+ Substituted Cu-Zn Ferrites

 

Samy A. Rahman1, W.R. Agami 2 and M.M. Eltabey3,4

 

1Physics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

2Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

3Basic Engineering Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

4Preparatory Year Deanship, Medical Physics Department, Faculty of medicine, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia

mohamed.eltabey@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The frequency, temperature and composition dependence of ac resistivity rac, dielectric constant ε' and dielectric loss ε'' of Cu0.5Zn0.5NdxFe2-xO4 ferrites (where x= 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1) have been studied at low frequency range. For all samples, ρac, ε' and ε'' are found to decrease with increasing the frequency. The composition dependence of ρac, ε' and ε'' shows that, generally, ρac increases while both ε' and ε'' decrease with increasing x. The obtained results are satisfactorily explained using the non uniform model of Koops.

[Samy A. Rahman, W.R. Agami and M.M. Eltabey. Frequency, Temperature and Composition Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Nd3+ Substituted Cu-Zn Ferrite. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1630-1634] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 249

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.249

 

Key words: ferrites, dielectric properties

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Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Inbreeding effects of Economic Traits in native chicken under Short Term Selection

 

Ardeshir Bahmanimehr*1, Ghafar Eskandari2, Mohammad Pakizeh3

 

1 Biotechnology-Molecular Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran; 2 Young Researchers Club, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran; 3 Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. bahmanimehr_ardeshir2@yahoo.com

 

Summary: Iranian native hens are a valuable genetic resource, due to their adaptability to harsh conditions of husbandry and environment in rural area. The genetic parameters for various traits of economic importance were studied in an Iranian Native chicken population under short term selection for egg production and body weight for over 2 years. The parameters studied were body weight at day old (BW1), 8 weeks (BW8) and 12 weeks (BW12), the weight of first egg (EGGW1) and egg weight at 30 weeks of age (EGGW30), the average number of stock eggs per day (EGG/DAY). They showed mostly moderate to high heritability estimates. Higher heritability estimates were obtained for body weight traits. Therefore, selection for body weight traits before mature age will result in gain in egg weight traits and it will be useful for breeding plans. The average inbreeding coefficients for all birds were and ranged from zero to 0.15. In this population, 34.5% of birds were inbred, with a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.28. Inbreeding as variable has no significant effect on EGGW1; however, age of sex maturity as variable has significant effect (p<0.001) on EGGW1.

[Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Ghafar Eskandari, Mohammad Pakizeh. Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Inbreeding effects of Economic Traits in native chicken under Short Term Selection. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1635-1638] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 250

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.250

 

Keywords: Genetic parameters, Inbreeding, selection, Native chicken.breeding programm

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A correlation study between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease among populations older than 40 years

 

Shan Yan1, Zhang Qian2, Yang Shuying1, Fan Shaolei1, Liu Zhangsuo1

 

1Department of clinical medicine, Nursing college of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China; 2Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China. sy110@sina.com

 

Abstract: Aim:This study aimed to investigate epidemiological features of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and explore the correlation between CKD and metabolic syndrome (MS) among individuals ≥ 40 years old in urban populations of Henan Province, China. The broad purpose of the study was to improve the prophylaxis and treatment of CKD, reduce and defer the occurrence of end-stage renal disease, and provide evidence to support national public health and medical insurance strategies. Methods: This field epidemiology cross-sectional study followed a multistage stratified cluster random sampling strategy. The sampling frame consisted of urban residents ≥ 40 years old, who resided in the cities of Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, and Pingdingshan in Henan Province, China. Epidemiological data pertaining to CKD were collected by questionnaires, physical examinations, kidney damage tests, blood glucose and lipid measurements for all subjects and were analyzed by statistical methods. Results: A total of 4156 adults took part in the investigation and 3981 (95.7%; 40-89 years old) valid samples were obtained, including 2178 males and 1803 females (the male to female ratio was 1.21:1). The overall prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the 3981 subjects was 15.04% and 5.76%, respectively. Participants with MS had higher prevalence of albuminuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than those without MS. Participants with hypertension had higher prevalence of albuminuria and prevalence of decreased eGFR than those without. Participants with abnormally high triglyceride (TG) levels had a higher prevalence of decreased eGFR than those without. Participants with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism had a higher prevalence of albuminuria than those without. Of those subjects who exhibited signs of individual MS components, i.e. hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high TG, fasting blood glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L, and abnormally large waist circumference, the prevalence of CKD was 18.27%, 11.49%, 15.89%, 31.03% and 12.24%, respectively. In addition, participants with hypertension, high TG, or fasting blood glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L had higher CKD prevalence than those without. The prevalence of CKD increased as the number of MS components increased. Conclusions:,MS is a basic risk factor for CKD, and the risk of acquiring CKD increases with the increase of the number of MS components.

[Shan Yan, Zhang Qian, Yang Shuying, Fan Shaolei, Liu Zhangsuo. A correlation study between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease among populations older than 40 years. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1639-1644] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 251

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.251

 

Keywords: chronic kidney disease;metabolic syndrome;correlation

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The Study of Meandering Phenomenon on the Basis of Stream Power

 

Amir Hamzeh Haghiabi1, Mohammad Karami2

 

1.Academic Member of Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Iran

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Dehloran branch, Islamic azad university, Dehloran, Iran

Tel: 009866130274, Fax: 009866122782

Email: haghiabi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: On the basis of stream power, the phenomena including regime channel establishment and river meandering can be studied. So, previous researchers have suggested and developed the stream power theory and believed that stream power minimization affects these phenomena. In this paper, the stream power theory and a criterion for meandering river modeling will be studied. Then the conclusion of case study of Ghezel Ouzan River and obtained relationships in relation to non-dimensional unit stream power will be mentioned. The Study of Meandering Phenomenon on the Basis of Stream Power.

[Amir Hamzeh Haghiabi, Mohammad Karami. The Study of Meandering Phenomenon on the Basis of Stream Power. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1645-1647] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 252

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.252

 

KEYWORDS: Meandering-Stream Power-Non Dimensional Unit Stream Power- Modeling-Regime Channel-Channel Pattern

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Using of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Reduce the Deficiency Effect of Phosphorous Fertilization on Maize Plants (Zea mays L.)

 

Almagrabi O. A.1 and Abdelmoneim T. S1&2*

 

1Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, P.O. Box 15758, Jeddah 21454, Saudi Arabia.

2 Suez Canal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Botany, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt. tmabrouk@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effect of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae, G. etunicatum and G. clarum at two levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization (zero and 60 μg P/g) on plant growth parameters and physiological character of maize plants (Zea mays L.) at seedling stage. The results showed that the best values of all plant growth parameters were recorded at P level (60 μg P/g) and inoculation with G. etunicatium and G. mosseae (The increase by rate 34.5%; 32.9% and 32.5%; 32.2% respectively) comparing with untreated plants. Also the highest value of plant dry weight was recorded in the presence of inoculation with G. clarum by increasing rate 55.7% comparing with control. On contrast the treatment with P causing decreased in all values of root/shoot ratios comparing with the same treatment in the absent of P fertilization. The highest values of plant P uptake were recorded in the presence of P with inoculation by G. etunicatium, then G. clarum followed by G. mosseae comparing with untreated plants. All treatments in zero P were decreased in values of protein content comparing with P level 60 μgP/g, and increases in proline values. The highly values of plant chlorophyll content were recorded in the presence of P fertilization and inoculation by G. clarum, then G. etunicatum (8.306, 7.840 unit respectively). On the other hand AMF root colonization% was affected by phosphorus fertilization levels. The highest values of AMF root colonization% (50.5%, 80.3%) were found when plants inoculation with G. etunicatum at both level of P (zero, 60 μg P/g respectively) followed by G. clarum then G. mosseae. The same results were observed in number of AMF spores/100g of soil. The AMF specie G. etunicatum was recorded as a highest spores numbers (252, 320 spores /100g of soil) at two levels of P followed by G. clarum then G. mosseae. In generally AMF inoculation can be used as biofertilizer to reduce the deficiency effect of phosphorous fertilization on Zea mays L.

[Almagrabi O. A. and Abdelmoneim T. S. Using of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Reduce the Deficiency Effect of Phosphorous Fertilization on Maize Plants (Zea mays L.). Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):1648-1654]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 253

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.253

 

Keywords: Maize, P-deficiency, Morphology, Mycorrhiza, Low-P, Physiology.

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International Trade law and Civil Procedure Cross-Influences between Continental European

 

Peyman Rezaizadeh

 

Ma Student of Political Sciences, Department of Sociology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

peymanrezaiizade@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In order to determine whether a plaintiff in a civil case is entitled to claim, the underlying facts are often decisive. This article discusses the rules on fact-finding mechanism generally named discovery. These rules regulate how information is gathered, evidence is presented and how a decision on matters of fact is made.Romano – Canonical model and Anglo–American model have similarities and also differences mentioned in this article. But it is important to present their effective means and mechanisms for each other system to study and consider them in future legislations. The procedures that are used to resolve factual questions in civil or continental systems differs greatly from those used in American courts, we aimed to enhance our understanding of those differences and aimed to show these differences evolved throughout time. Often, procedural rules are implemented that were tried and tested elsewhere. Comparative law may serve a useful tool to generate possible legal solutions to pressing procedural problems. In addition, experience in other jurisdictions may be of use to access possible effects of legislative change.

[Peyman Rezaizadeh. International Trade law and Civil Procedure Cross-Influences between continental European. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1655-1659] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 254

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.254

 

Keywords: international trade law, disclosure, access to proof, factualquestion experience.

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Effect of Allium ampeloprasum on ileum function: Involvement of beta-adrenergic receptors and voltage dependent calcium channels

 

Sedighi M (MSc), Rafieian-kopaei. M (PhD) *, Noori-Ahmadabadi M (MD student)

 

Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

*Corresponding author: Professor in Pharmacology, Medical Plants Research Center,

Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

E-mail: rafieian@skums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Allium ampeloprasum known as wild leek is a wild nutritious plant that belongs to Lilaceae. In this research, the hypoglycemic effects of the plant’s leaves hydro-alcoholic extract on Wistar rat ileum contractions and its possible mechanism have been reviewed. Extraction was done through the maceration of Allium ampeloprasum powder with 70% alcohol. In this intervention research, 48 Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 200 grams were divided into 6 random groups of eight. The groups include: control group, the group receiving Allium ampeloprasum extract cumulative concentrations, the group receiving Proprapanolol, the group receiving Narcan, the group receiving L-name, and the group receiving cumulative concentrations of calcium chloride. On the experiment day, Wistar rats ileum contractions under 1g initial tension were separately recorded through adding potassium chloride 60(mM) in isotonic method in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution (37 0C, PH 7.4). To examine the mechanism of the extract effect, the tissue was incubated with Proprapanolol, Narcan or L-name, and the percentage of contraction changes were calculated and recorded. In order to determine the role of calcium channels in the tissue motor activity, ileum affected by calcium chloride cumulative concentrations was used. Allium ampeloprasum cumulative extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), in a dose-dependent manner, reduced ileum contractions (P<0.0001) by potassium chloride (60 mM). The intervention of beta adrenergic receptor antagonist (Proprapanolol, 1 μM), opioid receptors (Narcan, 1 μM), nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-name, 100 μM) in ileum showed that Proprapanolol decreases the inhibitory effects of the extract on the contractions caused by potassium chloride significantly (P<0.0001). However, L-name and Narcan did not decrease the inhibitory effect of the extract on ileum. Calcium also caused the contraction of tissue depolarized by potassium chloride. This contractive effect was significantly decreased by cumulative concentrations of the extract (P<0.0001). It can be concluded that Allium ampeloprasum leaf hydro-alcoholic extract could affect rat ileum motor activity by affecting beta adrenergic receptors and voltage dependent calcium channels. According to the results of the aforementioned effect, it might be used to treat digestive problems.

[Sedighi M, Rafieian-kopaei., Noori-Ahmadabadi M. Effect of Allium ampeloprasum on ileum function: Involvement of beta-adrenergic receptors and voltage dependent calcium channels. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1660-1667] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 255

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.255

 

Key Words: Allium ampeloprasum extract, Ileum, Rat

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Evaluation and comparing the behavior of concrete horizontal diaphragms in linear behavior of concrete by numerical method

 

Farzad Hatami1 and Neda Esmaeili2*

1Assistant Professor, Amirkabir University of Technology, Faculty Member, Tehran, Iran
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (R.I.P.I.)
, E_mail: hatamif@ripi.ir

2Graduate student in Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University,Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Neda Esmaeili. Email: esmaeili_ne@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the most important assumptions which is being used in analysis and design of buildings against lateral forces is the rigid-floor assumption. Lateral rigidity of diaphragms depends on several factors such as: type of the structure, dimensions of structure, rigidity and location of lateral load bearing elements, stiffness of frames, type and thickness of floors, number of stories and etc. so, we should give more and more importance to this assumption. In this study, in order to investigate how concrete slabs behave, a lot of models in two cases of rigid-floor and flexible-floor in linear limitations are analyzed and compared.

[Farzad Hatami and Neda Esmaeili. Evaluation and comparing the behavior of concrete horizontal diaphragms in linear behavior of concrete by numerical method. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1668-1673] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 256

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.256

 

Keywords: Rigidity, flexibility, diaphragm, concrete slab

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Investigation of Relationship between Personality Characteristics with Dependence on Chat among Students

 

Behnoush Molavi1, Leila Pashaei2 (Corresponding author)

 

1 MSc of personality psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Iran.

2 MSc of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Iran.

 

Abstract: Purpose of this study was investigation of relationship between personality characteristics with dependence on chat among high school female students. Based on research project correlation form, 270 high school senior female students in the field of Mathematics physics in the 6th district of Tehran were selected by multi-stage random sampling. Tools for implementation of this research were: a) Neo personality inventory research; b) Young inventory. In order to analysis of data, description statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression) were used. Results show that: (1) Personality features are significant in explaining dependence to the chat (p<0.001). (2) Among personality features, temperamental neurotic had a significant positive relation with dependence with chat (p<0.005). (3) The effect of personality consistency, openness and extraversion on dependence to the chat was positive but with low impact and also was not significant (p>0.005). (4) Although there was negative relationship between personality characteristics of responsibility and chat dependency, but it was not statically significant (p>0.005).

[Behnoush Molavi, Leila Pashaei. Investigation of Relationship between Personality Characteristics with Dependence on Chat among Students. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1674-1678] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 257

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.257

 

Keywords: personality characteristics, chat, dependency to chat.

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Real-time Quantitative PCR Monitoring of Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression in Wheat Radicles Treated With Cu2+ and Cd2+

 

Lina Jiang, Daijing Zhang, Yun Shao, Shufang Yang, Tingting Li, Zhijuan Zhang, Chunxi Li*

 

College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China

E-mail: wheat_lab@163.com

 

Abstract: Real-time quantitative PCR was used to study the differential expression of three antioxidant enzyme genes copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD)peroxidase (POD) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) – in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) radicles following treatment with two heavy metals (Cu and Cd). The effects of varying the concentration of the heavy metals and the duration of exposure were investigated. It was found that Cd stress has a more profound effect than Cu on antioxidant gene expression for all tested mass concentrations and that heavy metal exposure induces GST expression more strongly than that of POD or Cu/Zn-SOD, with POD being expressed more strongly than Cu/Zn-SOD.

[Lina Jiang, Daijing Zhang, Yun Shao, Shufang Yang, Tingting Li, Zhijuan Zhang, Chunxi Li. Real-time Quantitative PCR Monitoring of Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression in Wheat Radicles Treated With Cu2+ and Cd2+. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1679-1685] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 258

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.258

 

Key words: antioxidant enzyme genes; heavy metals stress; real-time quantitative PCR.

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The Mechanism of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Neurotoxicity on Rat Brain Tissue by Using FTIR Spectroscopy

 

Gehan A. Raouf1*, Safaa Y. Qusti2, Awatef M. Ali. 3 and Tahani H. Dakhakhni4

 

1 Medical Biophysics Lab., King Fahd Medical Research Centre; Biochemistry Dept., King Abdulaziz University, 21551 Jeddah –KSA B.O.Box:42805, Spectroscopy Dep. Physics Div.-National Research, Cairo- Egypt.

2,4Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah –KSA

3Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Alexandria University-Egypt.

gehan_raouf@hotmail.com - jahmed@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), toxicity may be due to cell death by apoptosis. 2,4-D is approved to be associated with many disorders especially neurotoxicity. FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the neurotoxicity induced by LD50 dose of 2,4-D onto the cerebellum rat brain tissue. In response to 2,4-D stress, there is a significant increase in the intensities as well as bands area of 3463cm-1, 3276cm-1 and 3165cm-1 bands; the first band corresponds to the changes in the number of lipids hydroperoxyl and to lipid hydroxyl groups formed by oxidation. There are decrease in membrane lipid polarity, increase the disorder and the looseness of lipid chain packing and a significant increase in the formation of carbonyl compounds. Moreover, protein content and secondary structure were significantly influenced upon 2,4-D intoxication. Consistent with the IR results, EM analysis revealed morphological changes in the 2,4-D treated cerebellum tissue including nuclear damage with massive condensation of chromatin, mitochondrial matrix swelling, loss of cristae and rough endoplasmic reticulum dilatation and vesiculation. Thus, 2,4-D influences membrane lipid polarity, fluidity and protein order, in addition to the morphological changes all of which can be considered as apoptosis biomarkers.

[Gehan A. Raouf, Safaa Y. Qusti, Awatef M. Ali. and Tahani H. Dakhakhni. The Mechanism of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Neurotoxicity on Rat Brain Tissue by Using FTIR Spectroscopy Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1686-1697] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 259

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.259

 

 Key words: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Neurotoxicity, Apoptosis, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).

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Noun Phrases in Vafs Dialect

 

Fatemeh Moosavi mirak1, Nasrin Safavizadeh2

 

1. Member of Scientific Board, Faculty of Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch

2. Member of Scientific Board, Faculty of Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch

f-moosavi@iau-arak.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The dialect of Vafs is one of the dialects on the northwest of Iran. Rich, original vocabulary, idioms, phones, verbs and grammar of this dialect characterize this dialect as one of the ring of the chain connecting medial Persian to modern Persian. This paper tries to study the structures and the forms of the "nouns" of this dialect, and to compare some of its words with their counterparts in ancient and modern languages of Iran.

[Fatemeh Moosavi mirak, Nasrin Safavizadeh. Noun Phrases in Vafs Dialect. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1698-1703] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 260

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.260

 

Key words: Vafs, dialect, language, Noun Phrases, Iranian Languages.

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Study of Cognitive Functions and Cerebral Blood Flow in Elderly

 

Afaf A. Hemeda, Dalia R. Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed Naguib Abdalla, Ahmed A. El-Naggar and Dina M. Riad

 

Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

mnwifi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Background and Aim: Little information is available about cognitive functions and changes in cerebral blood flow in elderly people with or without cognitive dysfunction, despite the great influence of this problem on patient, family and society. Our study aimed at evaluating the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in elderly patient with cognitive dysfunction, either primary (Alzheimer Dementia), or secondary (vascular Dementia). Methods: assessment of the cognitive function and CBF of a group of 20 patients aged > 65 years old, 10 patients with vascular dementia while the other 10 patients with Alzheimer dementia and the results compared to a group of healthy volunteers. Results: all patients had significantly decreased Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Set test scores compared to that of healthy volunteers while there is significant difference regarding the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Patients with vascular dementia had significantly diminished CBF compared to the healthy volunteers which doesn’t go for those with Alzheimer dementia. There is significant positive relationship between MMSE scores and CBF in patients with vascular dementia (r=0.77, p-value=0.009). Patients with vascular dementia had significantly high percent of hypertension and diabetes than do Alzheimer group. Conclusion: Brain ischemia was suggested to be the main factor responsible for decline of cognitive functions. The role of cerebral ischemia in Alzheimer dementia was insignificant. Cardiovascular risk factors are more related to vascular dementia.

[Afaf A. Hemeda, Dalia R. Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed Naguib Abdalla, Ahmed A. El-Naggar and Dina M. Riad. Study of Cognitive Functions and Cerebral Blood Flow in Elderly. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1704-1707] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 261

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.261

 

Keywords: MMSE, CBF, Set test, vascular dementia, Alzheimer dementia

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An Examination on the Effect of the Performance Audit Implementation on the Improvement of the Productivity of Public Sector Management Systems in Iran (A Case Study in Supreme Audit Court)

 

Sirous Fattahi1, Dr. Seyed Ali Vaez 2, Dr. Ali Hossein Hosseinzadeh 3

 

1.Persian Gulf International Educational Branch-Islamic Azad University- Khorramshahr-Iran

2.Assistant Professor of Accounting, Persian Gulf International Educational Branch -Shahid Chamran

3.Assistant Professor of Accounting, Persian Gulf International Educational Branch -Shahid Chamran University.Ahvaz. Iran

Email address: alihossien@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study examines the impact of performance audit implementation on the improvement of efficiency of the publish sector management systems. In terms of research plan, it is a survey and survey tools in this study are two five-choice (Likert) researcher-made questionnaires which are identified to audit performance and productivity, both with high reliability and validity. Regarding the temporal scope, the research was conducted in the summer of 2012, and the spatial scope of the study is the Supreme Audit Court of Iran in all the provinces. The required sample size (357) was determined using Cochran’s formula (which represents the population as much as possible). The t-student test and SPSS software were used to test research’s three hypotheses. Given that the data obtained by questionnaires is qualitative information, non-parametric tests (Pearson correlation coefficient) are also used and to test the research hypotheses, multiple regression and binomial test are used. Thus, to prove the hypotheses, the options including “very high”, “high” and “somewhat” are used as criterion. All other statistics used in this research include Z-test; statistics (T), (F) and (R), regressionand path analysis equations. The results showed that: 1) performance audit may cause to improve management systems, 2) improvement of management systems enhances the productivity and, finally 3) the performance audit will enhance management systems productivity.

[Sirous Fattahi, Seyed Ali Vaez, Ali Hossein Hosseinzadeh. An Examination on the Effect of the Performance Audit Implementation on the Improvement of the Productivity of Public Sector Management Systems in Iran(A Case Study in Supreme Audit Court) Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1708-1724] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 262

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.262

 

Keywords: Performance Audit, Management Systems Productivity, Supreme Audit Court, Economic Advantage, Efficiency, Effectiveness.

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Improved shoot organogenesis of Echinacea angustifolia DC treated with ethylene inhibitors

 

Soo Cheon Chae1, and Sang Un Park2,*

 

1Department of Horticultural Science, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, 1 Daehoe-ri, Yesan-kun, Chungnam, 340-720, Korea

2Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea

supark@cnu.ac.kr

 

Abstract: With the goal of achieving better shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in Echinacea angustifolia, we conducted an experiment to investigate the effect of ethylene inhibitors, including silver nitrate (AgNO3), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Leaf explants were cultured in initial shoot-regeneration media supplemented with different concentrations of AgNO3, AVG, and CoCl2. The addition of ethylene inhibitors improved regeneration frequency, giving a greater number of shoots per explant, and longer shoots. Shoot growth increased with increasing concentrations of ethylene inhibitors, except for CoCl2. The best shoot growth was found when AgNO3 (10 mg/L) was incorporated in the medium. AVG (10 mg/L) produced the second greatest number of shoots. Treatment with CoCl2 did not result in good shoot organogenesis in E. angustifolia. This study suggests that ethylene inhibitors, particularly AgNO3, could be used in a micropropagation and plant transformation protocol for regeneration of E. angustifolia.

 [Chae SC, Park SU. Improved shoot organogenesis of Echinacea angustifolia DC treated with ethylene inhibitors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1725-1728] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 263

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.263

 

Keywords: Echinacea angustifolia DC, ethylene inhibitors, plant regeneration, shoot organogenesis

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Ab initio study of thermodynamic properties, IR spectra and electrical properties of Cu4O3H2 nanosemiconductor

 

Elham Pournamdari 1*, Majid Monajjemi2 and Karim Zare 3

 

1Ph.D. Student, Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: epournamdar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract. Cupric oxide is a p-type semiconductor has received a considerable attention due to their interesting properties, such as high-temperature superconductors, optical switch and anode electrodes for batteries. In this theoretical study thermodynamic properties and hyperfine spectroscopic parameters of this novel compound are carried out within a density functional methods (B3LYP, B1LYP and B3P86) employing 6-31G+ (d) basis set. All calculations were performed using GAUSSIAN 98 packages of program. Thermodynamic properties of Cu4O3H2 nanocluster as well as IR data and spectra were obtained. In addition we are carrying out more detailed studies of the electronic and chemical properties of this compound such as HOMO and LUMO energies which have been used to explicate data regarding charge transfer within the molecule. HOMO and LUMO gap revealed that Cu4O3H2 has obvious delocalization, making it have good stability, high voltage differences and its semiconductors property.

[Elham Pournamdari, Majid Monajjemi and Karim Zare. Ab initio study of thermodynamic properties, IR spectra and electrical properties of Cu4O3H2 nanosemiconductor. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1729-1738] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 264

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.264

 

Keywords: Ab initio, HOMO and LUMO, IR spectra, nanosemiconductor, Thermodynamic property, hyperfine spectroscopic parameters.

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Analysis of Totemic Cow and its Association with the Fereydoun Family in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh

 

Masoumeh Zandie[1], Kheironnesa Mohammadpour2*and Nahid Sharifi3

 

[1] Department of Persian Literature, Payame-Nour University, Iran

 E-mail: Zandieh436@gmail.com

2 Department of Persian Literature, Payame-Nour University, Iran

E-mail: nmohamadpour@yahoo.com

3Department of English Literature, Payame-Nour University, Iran

*Corresponding author: nmohamadpour@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The origin and source of national epics are old oral tales that are conveyed to the future generations and also are recorded in epic works. Hence, these works reflect the thoughts, ideas, and rituals of the nation they belong. Moreover, since totem and totemism is an old ritual that dates back to the distant past of most of the nations, it is reflected in the form of epic. This paper particularly deals with the manifestation and embodiment of totemic cow in the Shahnameh and its association with Fereydoun’s Family.

[Masoumeh Zandie, Kheironnesa Mohammadpour and Nahid Sharifi. Analysis of Totemic Cow and its Association with the Fereydoun Family in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh.. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1739-1747] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 265

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.265

 

Keywords: Totemism, Totem, the Shahnameh, Fereydoun, Cow

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The Comparison of Stressors in the Assessment of Basic Clinical Skills with Traditional Method and OSCE in nursing Students

 

Maryam Bagheri 1, Malihe Sadeghnezhd Forotgheh 2, Maryam Shaghayee Fallah 3

 

1Department of medical-surgical nursing, school of nursing and midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2Department of nursing, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3Department of Operating room & Anesthesia Nursing, school of nursing and midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

shaghaeem@mums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Evaluation of clinical competency of nursing students in the achieved skills and judgment in this case, is one of the important matters of clinical education. Using the right method of evaluation plays a considerable role in getting the appropriate result and making the right judgment. The purpose of the present study is comparing stressors in basic clinical skills Evaluation with traditional and OSCE methods in nursing students. This is A comparative description study. Sampling was done through census. 25 students of the second term nursing whose practical course of fundamental of Nursing and skills evaluation had been done by traditional method and they had passed last term, were assessed at the end of second term through OSCE test. After taking the OSCE, the students filled the researcher made questionnaire with the purpose of examining their opinions, about stressors in both methods. The comparison of the result of the survey shows that the rate of stress while doing the techniques, stress of time limitation, confusion during the test, complication of the test method and encouraging students to active participation in learning in OSCE method was meaningfully more than the traditional method and the traditional evaluation was not considered as an encouraging method for active learning and fair and accurate evaluation of clinical skills of students. OSCE is recommended as one of the most appropriate methods in evaluation students’ clinical skills because of assessing students fairly and equally and encouraging them to active learning although there was stress before and at the moment of doing the techniques. Also the program of familiarizing students with this method of evaluation during the term and some corrections in its performance seem necessary.

[Bagheri l M, Sadeghnezhd Forotgheh M, Shaghayee Fallah M. The Comparison of Stressors in the Assessment of Basic Clinical Skills with Traditional Method and OSCE in nursing Students. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1748-1752] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 266

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.266

 

Keywords: Clinical evaluation; OSCE; Stress; Nursing Students

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Anthropometric assessment in children under 2 year in Torosk, a rural area of Sabzevar, Iran 2004-6

 

Akaberi Arash1, Hashemian Masoumeh2, Assarroudi Abdolghader2, Hasanpour Kazem2*

 

1- Faculty member of Biostatistics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

2- Faculty members, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

* Corresponding Author; Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran, Telfax: +985714446070

Email: drhassanpour@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Growth and development is one of the most complicated and significant issues in man's life. Growth monitoring is one of the main sources of information in diagnosing growth disorder and malnutrition in children. The present study was made to study the status of anthropometric indices in under two-year children in Torosk village, Sabzevar, Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was done in 2007. The data of height, weight and head circumference of the children less than 24 months in 2004, 2005 and 2006 were collected through health files. The economic and social status of the families of these children was also evaluated. The statuses of growth of these children were compared with third, fifth and nine-seventh growth standard NCHS percentile. Growth percentile was calculated with SPSS 15 software and the diagrams were drawn by Excel software. Results: 135 children were studied in this research, (47.4% girls and 52.6% boys). Most parents were in low levels of education and none had academic education. The economic status of the studied families was low.19.2% of newborn and 53.3% infants were below the third weight for age curve. 7.7% of newborn and 13.3% of infants were below third percentile of height standard. But head circumference did not exceed 8% in nobody. As the age of these children increased, the weight and height percentiles went farther from their corresponding standard percentiles. This was more evident beyond 12 months of age. Conclusion: The status of weight and height of under- two year children compared with NCHS standard is inappropriate and gets worse in 12 months of age and after that.

[Akaberi Arash, Hashemian Masoumeh, Assarroudi Abdolghader, Hasanpour Kazem. Anthropometric assessment in children under 2 year in Torosk, a rural area of Sabzevar, Iran 2004-6. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1753-1758] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 267

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.267

 

Keywords: Children, Growth Pattern, Anthropometrics

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A New Algorithm for Detecting the Correctness of Merging Operation in Workflow

 

1Homayun Motameni, 2Somayeh gilani, 2Fatemeh Zahra naderi and 3Behnam Barzegar*

 

1Department of Computer Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

2Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad university of Mazandaran, Iran

3Department of Computer Engineering, Nowshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nowshahr, Iran

*Corresponding author: Behnam Barzegar

E-mail: behnam.barzegar@yahoo.com or barzegar@iauns.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Business process in organization are defined as set of connected operations which have determined start and end, definitive purpose and created certain additive value for organization. Thus, modeling business process and developing it has significant importance on changing organization structure and turning them into the successful one. As Petri Nets are strong modeling tool and have graphical and formal base, we model workflow using Petri Nets. Furthermore, in this paper, we discuss workflows merging and offer a method for merging business process. This leads to decrease in cost and time in large organizations. However, if merge be correct, as there is no official investigation about correctness of merging operation, thus in this paper we aim to present an algorithm using vicinity matrix in order to determine correctness of merging operation.

[Homayun Motameni, Somayeh gilani, Fatemeh Zahra naderi and Behnam Barzegar. A New Algorithm for Detecting the Correctness of Merging Operation in Workflow. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1759-1768] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 268

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.268

 

Keywords: Workflow, Merging, Petri Net, Workflow

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Analysis of hydraulic fracturing length and aperture on the production rate in fractured reservoir

 

Jaber Taheri Shakib1, Abdolvahed Ghaderi2 and Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri3

 

1Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran

2Department of Petroleum Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3Assistant Professor, Department of Geophysics, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran

*Corresponding author: Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri

E-mail: a_abbaszadeh@iauh.ac.ir; abbas4646@yahoo.com; Jaber_Taherishakib@Yahoo.Com.

 

Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing operations are used mainly where the reservoir rock near the well is damaged or reservoirs with low permeability. In the fractured reservoir where the reservoir contains fractures and tracks, in order to connect them to each other, the rate of production should be increased. In this study, a hydraulic fracturing operation in fractured reservoir is investigated. 10 wells for this study with a different distribution of natural fractures are evaluated. Hydraulic fracturing operation in the wells with different length and aperture opening can be applied in any case; the impact of each of these two parameters can be evaluated on production. As we will see in reservoir with a low natural fracture, hydraulic fracture length should be having more and in reservoir with high density from natural fractures, hydraulic fracture height has an important role on the production rate.

[Jaber Taheri Shakib, Abdolvahed Ghaderi and Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri. Analysis of hydraulic fracturing in fractured reservoir: interaction between hydraulic fracture and natural fractures. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1769-1777] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 269

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.269

 

Keywords: Hydraulic Fracture, Length, Opening, Natural Fracture, Production Rate

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Assessment of relationship between Iron deficiency and preterm labor

 

Nazli Navali

 

Assistant professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. navalin@Yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Preterm labor is important in a predication of neonatal mortality. In united state of America it's relieved that the mortality rate of neonates has direct relation with frequency of low birth weight neonates and preterm labor. Neonates mortality and sever morbidity or both, before 26 th weeks of pregnancy occur in most of neonates and before 24 th. weeks of pregnancy occur approximately in all of them. It is prominent that prenatal care cost considered as national cost, for this reason frequent studied design to decrease this costs, neonatal mortality and preterm labor. The aim of this study is to determine the relation between iron deficiency anemia and preterm labor and Lab finding in iron deficiency anemia and preterm labor too. In this study, at 2005 year, 200 pregnant women in Tabriz Al-Zahra and Taleghani OB hospitals with cooperation of Al-Zahra laboratory undergo a cohort and case control study, all women base on delivery type divided into two groups, one 100 women with term delivery and other 100 women with preterm delivery. Assessment of serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Ferritin, hemoglobin and hematocrit were done in all women before delivery. Within the main part of study, we determine the frequency of neonate's gender, weeks of pregnancy and age of mothers. In relation between delivery type (preterm or term) and serum iron, hemoglobin and hematocrit, we came out P_Value equal to <0.001, 0.004 and <0.001, respectively that show pregnant women with preterm delivery have low serum iron, hemoglobin and hematocrit in comparison with women with term delivery, but in relation between serum ferritin and TIBC P_Value was 0.987 and 0.930, respectively that had no statistical significance. In group with preterm labor, 62% of neonates were male and 38% was female. The major part of mother of this group is in third's decade of life. Respectively 31%, 19% and 50% of mother with preterm labor had borne her neonate in 26-30, 31-33 and 34-37 weeks. It seems that relation between iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and delivery type is deniable. However, to show its relation more studies must be performed in this field.

[Nazli Navali. Assessment of relationship between Iron deficiency and preterm labor. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1778-1781] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 270

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.270

 

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest

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A simple model to compute the blood flows through obstructed blood vessels

 

Mohsen Gh Kharaji1, Fakhrodin Dadjoo2, Y Alirezaei3, Ali Falavand4, Ameneh Langari*5

 

1Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2Civil Engineering Group, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloos, Iran

3Engineering Group, Cirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Cirjan, Iran

4Engineering Group, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

5North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Corresponding author email: amenehlangari@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this article is to measuring the blood flow, when they pass through obstructed blood vessels. In many medical arteries the amount of the blood flow inside canals and obstructed vessel is important and reduces due to the arteries. However, the problem with measurements in such circumstances lies in the lack of precise and appropriate experimental data needed for the calculation of the blood passes through the vessel. To overcome the shortcoming, hence, the effect of the most common type orifices, i.e., Square edge Orifice (D & D/2 taps), were put to the test, by simulating the flow with the use of CFD methods and Fluent 6.0 software, for 0.25≤β≤0.5 and 10,000≤ ReD≤200,000, fixed temperature of 300K. Therefore, relations were obtained for blood as the incompressible fluid.

[Kharaji M. Gh., Dadjoo F., Alirezaei Y., Falavand A., Langari A. A simple model to compute the blood flows through obstructed blood vessels. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1782-1788] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 271

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.271

 

Keywords: Blood flow, Orifice, Vessel, Fluent, Computational fluid dynamic (CFD)

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Study of the health threatening mercury effective parameters for its removal from the aqueous solutions by using activated carbons

 

Maryam K. Hafshejani1, Farzaneh Khandani2, Ramin Heidarpour3, Amin Sedighpour4, Hamzeh Fuladvand5, Roohollah Shokuhifard6, Armin Arad*7

1Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

3Department of applied chemistry & chemical engineering, Sofian branch, Islamic Azad University, Sofian, Iran

4Department of engineering, Bam branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran

5Department of science, Khorramabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran

6Department of science, Andimeshk branch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran

7North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Corresponding author email: aarad1384@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A serious environmental threat from heavy metal ion pollution, especially mercury, has generated a great deal of attention in recent years. Mercury is one of the priority pollutant listed by USEPA as it can easily pass the blood-brain barrier and affect the fetal brain. High concentration of Hg (II) causes impairment of pulmonary function and kidney, chest pain and dyspnoea. Consequently, removal of mercury in water and wastewater assumes importance. In this review paper, we have evaluated the efforts which have been done for controlling the mercury emissions from aqueous solutions. According to the EPA agency, the tolerance limit for Hg (II) for discharge into inland surface water is 10µg/l and for drinking water is 1µg/l. Mercury (Hg) is one of the heavy metals of concern and has been found in the waste waters coming from manufacturing industry, and natural sources. Among several types of technology for removing of Hg in water (chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion-exchange, etc.), adsorption is one of most frequently used. It is a complex process involving physical, chemical, and electrical interactions at sorbent surfaces. Therefore, in this study will investigate effective parameters such as pH, initial concentration and surface characteristic.

[Hafshejani MK, Khandani F, Heidarpour R, Sedighpour A, Fuladvand H, Shokuhifard R, Arad A. Study of the health threatening mercury effective parameters for its removal from the aqueous solutions by using activated carbons. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1789-1791] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 272

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.272

 

Key words: Mercury, Adsorption, Surface area, Activated carbon, Wastewater.

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Assessment of Different Surface Treatments Effect on Surface Roughness of Zirconia and Its Shear Bond Strength to Human Dentin

 

Manal R. Abu-Eittah

 

Lecturer, Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

manalrafei@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the different surface treatments effect of yttrium oxide partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) dental ceramic on its surface roughness and shear bond strength to dentin.Surface topography of zirconia was studied with atomic force microscopy AFM. Materials and Methods: A Total of 35 discs of zirconia dental ceramic of 5mm diameter and 2mm thickness were used in this study and divided into 5 groups n=7 according to surface treatments as follows: gp1-C: no treatment, gp2-G:grinding with 600 grit diamond disc,gp3- SB: samples were sandblasted with 50 µm aluminum oxide particles,gp4-SC: samples were treated with modified tribochemical protocol, and gp5-AE: samples were immersed in experimental hot etching solution of Hcl and ferric chloride for 15 minutes. The surface roughness Ra of all samples groups was measured by a prolifimetre. The surface topography was inspected by atomic force microscopy AFM. Freshly extracted molars were collected. Their crowns were sectioned using a diamond disc to obtain occlusal deep dentin flat surfaces. The roots of the teeth were invested within acrylic resin blocks. The zirconia samples were cemented to the dentin surface by RelyX™ Unicem aplicap™, light-cured according to manufacturer instructions.. The blocks were stored for 21 days in distilled water at room temperature. All specimens were subjected to 5000 thermo-cycles between 5 and 55Co, and thereafter, subjected to shear bond strength test (1 mm/min). Data were statistically analyzed, p<0.05. Results: 1- No significant difference in surface roughness Ra of groups 1,and 2, while the highest recorded Ra values were in groups 5,p<0.05. 2- Shear bond strength of gp-5 (acid etching) was the significantly highest recorded value (24.3MPa±3.2) while there was no significant difference between groups 1, and2 with the least recorded bond strength p<0.05. 3- Modified tribochemical procedure improved shear bond strength (13.4±4.5), p<0.05. Conclusions:1- Although it needed much time to be performed, yet, proposed modified tribochemical technique is valid method in increasing Y-ZTP /dentin bond strength and recommended to be applied rather than conventional tribochemical method.. 2- The use of hot etching solution of Hcl and ferric chloride FeCl3 is recommended as an effective and simple method which could be performed easily in labs to modify surface of zirconia chemically and mechanically, so that, enhance bonding to dentin surface even after water storage and thermo-cycling.3-Self adhesive cement RelyX Unicem, produced a comparable results to resin cement with the advantages of reduced time and sensitive steps of conventional bonding procedure.

[Manal R. Abu-Eittah. Assessment of Different Surface Treatments Effect on Surface Roughness of Zirconia and Its Shear Bond Strength to Human Dentin. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1792-1803] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 273

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.273

 

Keywords: Zirconia, self adhesive cement, surface roughness, shear bond strength

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Time-dependent two-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation in the electron-positron-ion plasmas

 

Ali H. Bhrawy1,2 A.S. Alofi1 and A.M. Abdelkawy2

 

1. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

(Bhrawy) alibhrawy@yahoo.co.uk, (Alofi) asmo1427 @yahoo.com, (Abdelkawy) melkawy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The electrons and positrons are assumed to be dynamic, whereas positively charged ions are considered stationary. Using a computerized symbolic computation technique, we obtianed several solutions of the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation which describes the propagation of the electrostatic excitations in the electron-positron-ion plasmas. These solutions contain hyperbolic, triangular solutions. These solutions extended to ion-acoustic waves in quantum dusty plasmas consisting of electrons, ions, and negatively/positively charged dust particles. In addition, as an illustrative sample, the properties of the solutions of this equation are shown with some figures.

[Bhrawy AH, Alofi AS, Abdelkawy AM. Time-dependent two-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation in the electron-positron-ion plasmas. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1804-1813] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 274

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.274

 

Keywords: Extended F-expansion (EFE) method; Nonlinear partial differential equations; Nonlinear physical phenomena; Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation; Electron–positron (EP) plasma.

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Effect of some agricultural treatments on Beta vulgaris L. cv. Pleno root

 

Sakr, M. M.1,2, O. A. Almaghrabi1 and S. M. H. Gowayed1,2

 

1 Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdul-Aziz University, KSA

2 Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.

salahgowed@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This research was carried out to study the effect of three sowing dates (15th Oct., 15th Nov. and 15th Dec.) and two cooling treatments (5o C and -20o C) on growth, structure and some chemical components of B. vulgaris L. cv. Pleno root. The obtained data are summarize as follows: maximum values of root length, root diameter, fresh and dry weight, cortex thickness, average rows number of cortex, cambium region thickness, sucrose %, T.S.S. and total phenols were recorded with 15th Oct. treatment. On the other hand, most of the studied cooling treatments, in most cases, increased of root diameter, fresh and dry weight, total phenols and auxin like-substances in comparison with the control.

[Sakr, M. M., O. A. Almaghrabi and S. M. H. Gowayed. Effect of some agricultural treatments on Beta vulgaris L. cv. Pleno root. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1814-1819] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 275

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.275

 

Keywords: Sugar beet; sowing dates; vernalization; root anatomy; chemical components.

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Effective Social factors on Organizational Learning

 

1*Davood Gharakhani, 2Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, 3Mehrdad Tavakolirad

 

1*Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com

2Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran. Email: a_pourghafar@yahoo.com

3Department of Socail Science, Payame Noor Universtiy, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, IRAN. Email: m_tavakolirad55@pnu.ac.ir

 

Abstract: This study aims to explore and analyze the Social factors that influence the development of Organizational Learning. The paper used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to ranking the effective Social factors on Organizational Learning. This is the first research project to focus primarily on identifying specific factors in the environment which have a positive impact on Organizational Learning. From the AHP results, we can understand that most important effective Social factor on Organizational Learning is Leadership style. Moreover, the less important effective Social factor on Organizational Learning is various organizational characteristics. The findings of this study can serve as a basis and frame of reference for the future planning of Organizational Learning.

[Davood Gharakhani, Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, Mehrdad Tavakolirad. Effective Social factors on Organizational Learning. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1820-1826] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 276

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.276

 

Keywords: Social factors, Organizational Learning, MCDM, AHP

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Derivation of a single reservoir operation rule curve using Genetic Algorithm

 

Haghiabi Amirhamzeh

 

Department of Water Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran,

haghiabi2@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Genetic algorithms, founded upon the principle of evolution, are applicable to many optimization problems, especially popular for solving parameter optimization problems. Reservoir operating rule curves are the most common way for guiding and managing the reservoir operation. These rule curves traditionally are derived through intensive simulation techniques. In this paper to drive rule curve of a single storage system in Karkheh basin a genetic algorithm developed. In this model, the objective function is minimizing loss, considering the various inputs. Constraints that were in the reservoir, including constraints of reservoir continuity and constraints relating to volume, maximum and minimum operation and value of released. Decision variable is the amount needed to provide release Derivation of a single reservoir operation rule curve using Genetic Algorithm. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1827-1830] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 277

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.277

 

Key-Words: optimization, rule curve, genetic algorithm, drought index

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The study of the effect of liquidity management on return on assets and return on rights of the share holders of the firms listed on Tehran stock exchange.

 

Alireza Zamanpour1, Shahroch Bozorgmehrian2

 

Department of Accounting, Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran 1.

2. Department of Accounting, Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran

Shahrokhbazorgmehryan@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: the purpose of this research is to study the effect of liquidity management on return on assets and return on rights of the share holders of the companies listed on Tehran stock exchange. In order to test the hypothesizes of study and investigation of the relation ship between liquidity management and return on assets, data related to 92 companies listed on Tehran stock exchange, as statistical samples, have been analyzed in tow methods including the analysis of the annual data and combined data for a period of time between the years 1382 to 1388. Also in studying experimental models of research, least-squares regression test was used. Results of the study have indicated that there is a positive meaningful relation ship between liquidity management and return on rights share holders of the sample companies.

[Alireza Zamanpour, Shahroch Bozorgmehrian. The study of the effect of liquidity management on return on assets and return on rights of the share holders of the firms listed on Tehran stock exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1831-1835] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 278

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.278

 

Keywords: liquidity management, return on assets, return on rights of the share holders, net profit

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Results of Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Cage Assisted Fusion without Plates

 

1Omar Kelany, 2Ahmed Hashem Amin and 3Mohamed Gamal

 

1Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

2Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

hashmdr@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: This prospective study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carbon fibre cages packed with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) mixed with autologous blood and curettage microchip material for treatment of multilevel cervical disc disease and spondylosis without the use of plates, screws or autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Methods: Twenty two patients underwent multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Fifteen patients underwent two level fusion and 7 patients underwent three level fusion; for a total 51 levels. Seventeen patients with cervical radiculopathy and three with radiculomyelopathy. Cervical lordosis and cervical fusion status was assessed on X- ray; and 20 patients also underwent computerized tomography (CT) to assess the results of surgery. Results: All the patients were followed clinically and radiologically with a mean of 24 months postoperatively (range 18-26 months). Radiculopathy improved after surgery in all the patients where's myelopathy resolved in three patients. The fusion rate was 96.1% in two level fusion and 93.3% in three level fusion In two patients fusion was incomplete but reoperation was not required at the end of follow up period. No cage migration or cage failure occurred. Conclusion: ACDF using carbon fibre cage packed with DBM is a safe and efficient method for treatment of multilevel cervical disc disease and spondylosis. It preserves cervical lordosis and obviates the complications related to iliac crest graft harvest and screw plate fixation.

[Omar Kelany, Ahmed Hashem Amin, Mohamed Gamal. Results of Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Cage Assisted Fusion without Plates. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1836-1845] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 279

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.279

 

Keywords: Cervical spondylosis, cervical discectomy, multilevel cervical fusion, cervical cage

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Study of the mercury removal for health care and the effect of PH in mercury removal from aqueous solutions by activated carbons

 

Maryam K. Hafshejani1, Alireza Vahdati2, Mehdi Vahdati2, Azam B. Kheradmand3, Manouchehr Sattari2, Armin Arad*4, Sadegh Choopani

 

1Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran

3Department of engineering, Shahrekord branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

4North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Faraiand Sanat Sharif Co, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding author email: aarad1384@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A serious environmental threat from heavy metal ion pollution, especially mercury, has generated a great deal of attention in recent years. Mercury is one of the priority pollutant listed by USEPA as it can easily pass the blood-brain barrier and affect the fetal brain. High concentration of Hg (II) causes impairment of pulmonary function and kidney, chest pain and dyspnoea. Consequently, removal of mercury in water and wastewater assumes importance. In this review paper, we have evaluated the efforts which have been done for controlling the mercury emissions from aqueous solutions. According to the EPA agency, the tolerance limit for Hg (II) for discharge into inland surface water is 10µg/l and for drinking water is 1µg/l. Mercury (Hg) is one of the heavy metals of concern and has been found in the waste waters coming from manufacturing industry, and natural sources. Among several types of technology for removing of Hg in water (chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion-exchange, etc.), adsorption is one of most frequently used. It is a complex process involving physical, chemical, and electrical interactions at sorbent surfaces. Therefore, in this study will investigate effective parameters such as pH, initial concentration and surface characteristic.

[Hafshejani MK, Vahdati A, Vahdati M, Kheradmand AB, Sattari M, Arad A. Study of the mercury removal for health care and the effect of PH in mercury removal from aqueous solutions by activated carbons. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1846-1848] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 280

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.280

 

Key words: Mercury, Adsorption, Surface area, Activated carbon, Wastewater.

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Impact of solar energy application on warming, health caring and pollution prevention in Iran

 

Maryam K. Hafshejani1, Alireza Baheri2, Mojtaba Ojakeh2, Amin Sedighpour3, Armin Arad*4, Sadegh Choopani5

 

1Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

3Department of Engineering, Bam branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran

4North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

5 Faraiand Sanat Sharif Co, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding author email: aarad1384@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Solar energy is cited as a clean alternative to fossil fuels. Solar panels generate energy without producing ambient pollution. Therefore, there is no argument that pure solar energy is a clean, green energy source. The result in the present paper shows that by using renewable energy special sun light energy, considerable amounts of Greenhouse polluting gasses are avoided. The use of conventional energy in factories and vehicles in has been a major source of pollution health hazards. These hazardous pollutants, such as suspended particle, heavy metal, organic matter and carbon monoxide (CO) adversely affect health. Although solar energy has significant environmental benefits in comparison to the fossil fuel, some problems has be seen in this way. The important advantage is related to the reduced CO2 emission and air pollution prevention and it can be said this method for producing energy which has some economic benefit. The supplies of the fossil fuels used to generate much of its shrink, the cost of this energy is increasing worldwide. Solar energy allows human to generate its own energy in cheap way. To the best of our knowledge, the comparison of two categories of energy and investigation in the benefits of solar energy as a new way in Iran are investigated to prevent our environmental and natural sources.

[Hafshejani MK, Baheri A, Ojakeh M, Sedighpour A, Arad A. Impact of solar energy application on warming, health caring and pollution prevention in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1849-1853] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 281

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.281

 

Keywords: renewable energy, solar energy, air pollution, economic, Iran, Electricity, benefit.

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Analysis of hydraulic fracturing in fractured reservoir: interaction between hydraulic fracture and natural fractures

 

Jaber Taheri Shakib1, Abdolvahed Ghaderi2 and Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri3

 

1Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran (Jaber_Taherishakib@Yahoo.Com)

2Department of Petroleum Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3Assistant Professor, Department of Geophysics, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran

*Corresponding author: Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri

E-mail: a_abbaszadeh@iauh.ac.ir; abbas4646@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing operations in fractured reservoir, due to the complex nature of these processes require different parameters of hydraulic fracture and also studying the reaction between hydraulic and induced fractures. In this study, at first analysis of the hydraulic fracture length and its height from the point of impact on production flow rate will be evaluated. Then, in some areas of reservoir the reaction between natural and hydraulic fractures will be discussed. Interactions among three natural fractures of the angles 90, 45 degrees and one parallel with hydraulic fractures (zero degrees) will be analyzed. In this review, including tensile and shear debonding two types of reactions will be checked. Debonding phenomena at various distances before contacting the hydraulic fracture and also after reaching and being intersected by natural fracture by hydraulic fracture will studied. As we will see, depending on the natural fracture from point of their location angel relative to hydraulic fracture we have different tensile and shear debonding.

[Jaber Taheri Shakib, Abdolvahed Ghaderi and Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri. Analysis of hydraulic fracturing in fractured reservoir: interaction between hydraulic fracture and natural fractures. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1854-1862] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 282

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.282

 

Keywords: Fracture, Debond, Tensile, Shear, Kick point, Opening.

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An investigation of the links between the decision making strategies adopted by managers and improving productivity: A case study of the Larestan Bureau of Education

 

1Sholeh-Sadat Ehteshami, 2Mehrzad Sarfarazi (Corresponding Author)

 

1Researcher of Iranian National Center for Globalization Studies, Tehran, Iran

2Instructor and PhD Candidate, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

 

Abstract: The most significant factor in decision making by managers is their personal ability and willingness to adopt certain styles in making decisions. It does not matter how interested managers are in making decision; rather, it is important that they possess abilities necessary for making proper decisions which contribute to success. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationships between the managers' decision making strategies and improving productivity in organizations. The population, which was selected using the cluster sampling method, consisted of 158 managers in three levels of executive, middle, and operational in Lar, Gerash, Evaz, and Khonj. The questionnaire adopted consisted of 21 items developed by the researcher based on the hypotheses. Validity was measured using the content validity and reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were processed using SPSS and MINITAB and analyzed in inferential and descriptive statistics. The hypotheses were tested using the t test in MINITAB and variance analysis; and the independent t test was used to compare the respondents' opinions in terms of gender. The findings indicated that the managers of the population believe that they use their intuition in making decisions and statistical information. The findings confirmed the third hypothesis and indicated that the more moderate the managers are, the better decisions they make. Moreover, the fourth hypothesis was confirmed and the findings indicated that if managers deal with problems analytically and practically and think systematically, the make better decisions.

[Sholeh-Sadat Ehteshami, Mehrzad Sarfarazi. An investigation of the links between the decision making strategies adopted by managers and improving productivity; A case study of the Larestan Bureau of Education. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1863-1869] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 283

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.283

 

Keywords: decision making, productivity, intuition, systematic thinking, moderate managers, conservative managers

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Cryoglobulinemia in Hemodialysis patients

 

Ahmed A. EL Naggar1, Waleed EL Nabawey2 and Mary Wadie1

 

1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bani Suef University

aanaggar71@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Many of HCV infected patients on regular hemodialysis are candidates for renal transplantation and receive immunosuppressive therapy that may influence cryoglobulin formation. Aim of the stud: is studying the cryopositive cases among H.D patients and their association with clinical symptoms and assess whether the HCV patients on maintenance HD have abnormal immune response. Methodology: forty CRF patients receiving regular hemodialysis sessions divided according to the presence of HCV antibodies into two groups, group I (n=20) with positive HCV antibodies and group II (n=20) with negative HCV antibodies, both groups were tested for the presence of cryoglobulinemia. Results: Group (I) showed a higher percent (20%) of positive Cg than that of group (II) (5%) but with no statistically significant difference (p-value=0.34). In the whole studied group patients with positive Cg (n=5) have significantly greater mean AST, ALT and INR values than those with negative Cg (n=35) (p-value=0.017, 0.02 & 0.045, respectively). AST is a significant predictor to positive Cg with OR: 1.176 (95%CI: 1.031 – 1.341). Group I showed significantly higher percent of positive RF (n=4) than those of group II (n=1) (p-value=0.00). Conclusion: no significant difference regarding the cryoglobulin concentration between HCV positive and negative patients. The symptoms of cryoglobulinemia (purpura, arthralgia & generalized weakness) appear more frequently in HCV positive patients on HD with positive cryoglobulinemia. AST was found to be significant predictor for cryopositivty in HD patients.

[Ahmed A. EL Naggar, Waleed EL Nabawey and Mary Wadie. Cryoglobulinemia in Hemodialysis patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1870-1874] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 284

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.284

 

Keywords: Cryoglobulin, CRF, hemodialysis, AST, HCV.

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A 50 Hz 0.5 mT magnetic field induces cytogenetic effects and biological alterations in Wistar rat

 

Reem H. El-Gebaly, Nihal S. El-Bialy, Monira M. Rageh*

 

Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt

n_elbialy@hotmail.com

 

Abstract:The effects of continuous whole body exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) (50 Hz,0.5 mT for 30 days24 hrs) on cytogenecity, bone parameters and some hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated.Male rats were exposed continuously to ELF-MF for a period of 30 days. The exposure effects were assessed by measurements of micronucleus formation, DNA fragmentation and bone parameters. Additionally the levels of some liver and blood parameters were calculated. Moreover, osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was also considered.Exposure to ELF-MF resulted in a 6.5 fold increase in the micronucleus formation and a decrease in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio, in addition to a significant increase in the level ofaspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Magnesium (Mg)and uric acid in serum was observed. However, 0.5 mT ELF-MF was unable to cause either direct DNA primary damage or changes in bone parametersand erythrocytes lyses percent.The present results provide evidence that continuous exposure to ELF-MF causes micronucleus formation and some physiological disturbance but had no effect on DNA structure and bone parameters.Furthermore, the levels of glucose, creatinine, cholesterol and the percentage of erythrocytes lyses were not affected.

[Reem H. El-Gebaly, Nihal S. El-Bialy, Monira M. Rageh. A 50 Hz 0.5 mT magnetic field induces cytogenetic effects and biological alterations in Wistar rat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1875-1881] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 285

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.285

 

Keywords: Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF); Micronucleus test; DNA fragmentation; Bone mineral density; haematological and biochemical parameters.

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Patient preferences for hospital quality in Bandar Abbas using a Discrete Choice Experiment: 2010-2011

 

Ali Alizadeh1, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari2, Seyyed Hamid Mousavi1, Gholam Ali Javidan1, Gholam Ali Orouji3, Sirous Shirin Kheir4, Farahnaz Mohammadi5, Nasrin Tayyari Dehbarez6*

 

1 Department of Education, Hormozgan Unievrsity of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran.

2Clinical Research Development Center, Department of Resaerch and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

3Hayat post Institute, Tehran, Iran.

4Social Security Hospital, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

5Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

6Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

*Corresponding author: Nasrin Tayyari Dehbarez, MsD. Tel:4510196. Email: nasrin.tayyari@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This study reports on the results of a discrete choice experiment undertaken in Bandar Abbas general hospitals to assess the factors influencing the demand of hospital care. In particular, the role of quality and trade-offs between attributes. It then presents a case study applying the technique to patients refferd to general hospitals in Bandar Abbas. 326 patients were questioned about the importance of five attributes with 16 hypothetical scenarios made that describe the quality of services in hospitals with 2 and 3 levels for each attribute. For each scenario, subjects chose between the hypothetical hospital; hospital A or B. A random effect probit model was used to estimate quantity of subject preferences for hospital quality and marginal rate of substitution between attributes. Marginal utility for attributes of quality of hospitals were estimated. We find that receiving services in a hospital that have discharge training paln represented by thoroughness of examination to be the most important quality attribute, followed by having high nursing care at wards and doctors giving enough information about the illness, drugs and treatment to the patient.

[Ali Alizadeh, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari, Seyyed Hamid Mousavi, Gholam Ali Javidan, Gholam Ali Orouji, Sirous Shirin Kheir, Farahnaz Mohammadi, Nasrin Tayyari Dehbarez. Patient preferences for hospital quality in Bandar Abbas using a Discrete Choice Experiment: 2010-2011. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1882-1886] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 286

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.286

 

Key words: Discrete Choice Experiment, Utility, Quality, hospital, Patient preferences, Tehran University of Medical Science.

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Study of Sleep Disorders in Resistant Hypertensive Patients on Conventional Hemodialysis

 

Mohamed Ali Ibrahim(1), Mona Hosny Abd El Salam(1), Tarek Asaad Abdo(2), and Heba Alloush(3)

 

(1)Internal Medicine department,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. (2)Neuropsychiatry department,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.

(3)Internal Medicine department, General Hospital of Shebin El-Kanater, Ministry of Health, Egypt

Elhamed_3@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Every year more people suffer from end stage renal disease (ESRD). Sleep disturbances have been reported to be frequent in dialysis patients. Sleep disturbances could be sleep apnea, periodic limb movements in sleep or restless leg syndrome. Patients and methods: Sixty patients were chosen from Ain Shams University Hospitals dialysis units, between July 2010 and March 2012. Patients were divided into 6 groups: Group A: 10 patients with resistant HTN and ESRD on conventional HD having a PSQI score > 5. Group B: 10 patients with resistant, HTN and ESRD on conventional HD having a PSQI score < 5. Group C: 10 patients with ESRD only on conventional HD having a PSQI score > 5. Group D: 10 patients having ESRD only on conventional HD having a PSQI score < 5. Group E: 10 patients having resistant HTN normal renal function. They had PSQI score > 5. Group F: 10 patients having resistant HTN and normal renal function. They had PSQI score < 5.For all groups, creatinine, BUN, Hb, albumin, Na, K, PO4, Ca and uric acid were done. Polysomnography was done for bad sleeper groups (group A, group C and group E). Results: Creatinine and BUN were significantly higher in bad sleeper groups than good sleeper groups (group A than group B and group C than group D). Nearly all polysomnographic parameters were abnormal in group A, group C and group E. In group A and group C, creatinine was positively correlated to parameters of obstructive sleep apnes OSA and periodic limb movement PLM (P < 0.05). In group A and group E, SBP and DBP were positively correlated to parameters of OSA and PLM. Conclusion: ESRD induces sleep disorders exacerbated by resistant HTN. Also resistant HTN alone can induce sleep disorders.

[Mohamed Ali Ibrahim, Mona Hosny Abd El Salam, Tarek Asaad Abdo, and Heba Alloush. Study of Sleep Disorders in Resistant Hypertensive Patients on Conventional Hemodialysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1887-1900] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 287

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.287

 

Key words: Sleep disorders- OSA –PLM- CRF –Resistant Hypertension.

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Investigation of income smoothing using extraordinary items in firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange

 

Mehdi Arabi !, Shahrokh Bozorgmehrian 2, Fatemeh Yademellat 3

 

1. Department of Accounting. Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran

 2.. Department of Accounting. Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran

3.Msc. Student(Persion GuLf International Education unit), Khorramshahr.Iran

sharokh2076@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:The purpose of this research is to investigate the informational content of extraordinary items and its effect on income smoothing for firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange. Income smoothing is defined as management basic interfering in reducing the income’s periodic fluctuations. The research data have analyzed using a sample including 96 firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange for a 7 years period (2003-2009). Ordinary least square regression (OLS), scattering coefficient and determine coefficient models were used for hypothesizes testing. The obtained results suggested that the income smoothing using extraordinary items exists in the under study firms. Also the results revealed that the extraordinary items don’t increase the income’s informational content.

[Mehdi Arabi, Shahrokh Bozorgmehrian, Fatemeh Yademellat. Investigation of income smoothing using extraordinary items in firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange. life Sci J 2012;9(4):1901-1905] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 288

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.288

 

Keywords: income smoothing, income management, extraordinary items, income before extraordinary items

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A 50 Hz 0.5 mT magnetic field induces cytogenetic effects and biological alterations in Wistar rat

 

Reem H. El-Gebaly, Nihal S. El-Bialy, Monira M. Rageh*

 

Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt

n_elbialy@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: The effects of continuous whole body exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) (50 Hz, 0.5 mT for 30 days 24 hrs) on cytogenecity, bone parameters and some hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated.Male rats were exposed continuously to ELF-MF for a period of 30 days. The exposure effects were assessed by measurements of micronucleus formation, DNA fragmentation and bone parameters. Additionally the levels of some liver and blood parameters were calculated. Moreover, osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was also considered. Exposure to ELF-MF resulted in a 6.5 fold increase in the micronucleus formation and a decrease in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio, in addition to a significant increase in the level ofaspartate transaminase (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatise (ALP), Magnesium (Mg) and uric acid in serum was observed. However, 0.5 mT ELF-MF was unable to cause either direct DNA primary damage or changes in bone parametersand erythrocytes lyses percent.The present results provide evidence that continuous exposure to ELF-MF causes micronucleus formation and some physiological disturbance but had no effect on DNA structure and bone parameters. Furthermore, the levels of glucose, creatinine, cholesterol and the percentage of erythrocytes lyses were not affected.

[Reem H. El-Gebaly, Nihal S. El-Bialy, Monira M. Rageh. A 50 Hz 0.5 mT magnetic field induces cytogenetic effects and biological alterations in Wistar rat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1906-1912] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 289

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.289

 

Keywords: Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF); Micronucleus test; DNA fragmentation; Bone mineral density; haematological and biochemical parameters.

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Fractal method for determining the density of the stone tablet in Charak region (southern Iran)

 

Asghar Teymoorian Motlagh1*, Vahid Ebrahimzadeh Ardestani2, Reza Mehrnia3

 

1Department of Geophysics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Teymoorian@iauh.ac.ir

2Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Iran

 *Corresponding Author: teymoorian@iauh.ac.ir

 

ABSTRACT: A prevalent method for determining the Bouguer density value as random and independent variable from topographic alternations has been introduced by Nettleton algorithm of which casually corrections for example in folded Zagros region may be accompanied with unexpected errors as a result of crustal thickening processes in southern regions of Iran. Sedimentary sequences in Charak-Namakin anticlines are known as important geological units which have been selected for prospecting oil related reservoirs by National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) in 2002. Gravimetric datasets have been acquired by NIOC systematic land surveys in a total of 776 stations. The main target areas along Charak - Namakin salt domes are located between 54.00 - 54.30 and 27.00 - 28.45 geographic longitude and latitudes. Both Asmari (Oligocene) and Pabdeh - Gurpi formations (early Cenozoic) contain limestones with gray marls intercalations as potentially valuable facies for hosting of hydrocarbore reservoirs under ascending movements of the Paleozoic formations in diapiric systems. Hormoz series (Cambrian) including gypsum and other related evaporates play the main roles for oil trapping processes after emigrant volatiles arrive to permeable layers nearby brecciated structures. Determining of optimum Bouguer density that is only related to Charak geological impressions is an important procedure which associates number of gravimetric anomalies with probable oil trap locations. It means that, Bouguer anomalies are comfortable geophysical quantities for density estimations according to statistical techniques. Although a linear method such as Nettleton correction can be used to density estimations, some abnormal thickening of the crust may increases in topographic disturbances and subsequently causes to stochastic behaviors of the gravity values which cannot be interpreted by Euclidean geometry. Therefore, nonlinear analyses such as power law functions can be used to calculate the fractal dimensions as non-Euclid variables related to self similar peculiarities of the gravimetric values which theoretically assumed to have spatial independencies from crustal interactions with heavy masses of the lithosphere. According to Mark and Aronson (1982), a fractal based interpretation corresponding to gravimetric anomalous regions has been carried out by applying variance – distance logarithmic equation in Free Air and Bouguer georeferred datasets respectively. This research is an attempt to study of Brownian surfaces as unique area indicates to cumulative appearances of the gravimetric similarities above Charak sedimentary formations. Considering to iteration processes on the log-log plots, some Bouguer anomalies have been recognized to be independent from topographic alternations in ranges of 6.44-10.24 Km distances from backgrounds. As a result, an averaged density value equal with 2.4  has been calculated for Charak lithological occurrences by stepwise fractal analysis of total density assumptions (1.8-2.4). The fractal result subsequently compared with statistical conclusion that is considered ranges of 2.3-2.4  as optimum density values for Hormozgan region after obtaining a new ratio of Bouguer regression versus Bouguer Poisson coefficient (R2P) among estimation processes.

[Asghar Teymoorian Motlagh, Vahid Ebrahimzadeh Ardestani, Reza Mehrnia. Fractal method for determining the density of the stone tablet in Charak region (southern Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1913-1923] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 290

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.290

 

Key words: Bouguer Density, Charak, Fractal, Gravimetry, Oil Field

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A Novel Dual Mode Reconfigurable Delta Sigma Modulator for B-mode and CW Doppler Mode Operation in Ultra Sonic Applications

 

Asghar Charmin 1, Mohammad Honarparvar 2, Esmaeil Najafi Aghdam 2

 

1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran

2. Department of in Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: a-charmin@iau-ahar.ac.ir

 

Abstract: A dual mode re-configurable Delta Sigma Modulator (DSM) for ultrasonic applications is presented in this article. The proposed modulator handles two operating modes: B-mode and Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler mode. For B-mode operation a low pass modulator was designed which was modified by Noise Shaping Enhancement (NSE) technique. It achieves 71.7 dB (Signal + Distortion) to Noise Ratio (SNDR) and 80 dB Dynamic Range (DR) over 5 MHz signal bandwidth. For CW Doppler mode a band pass DSM was implemented which was modified by NSE technique. The simulated SNDR of the band pass DSM is 117 dB and DR of 100 dB with a signal bandwidth of 200 KHz. The most attractive feature of the proposed modulator is sharing most of the many building blocks between the low pass and band pass modulator and reducing the active blocks using the NSE technique.

[Charmin A, Honarparvar M, Aghdam E.N. A Novel Dual Mode Reconfigurable Delta Sigma Modulator for B-mode and CW Doppler Mode Operation in Ultra Sonic Applications. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1924-1929] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 291

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.291

 

Keywords: Delta Sigma Modulator, low pass, band reject, Noise coupled

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Effects of Plant Extracts on Salivary Gland Chromosomes of House fly (Musca domestica L.)

 

Zakaria H. Prodhan1, Marchalina Biswas2, Motiur Rahman1, Nurul Islam3, Faruq Golam1

 

1. Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2. Faculty of Animal Husbandary, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Bangladesh

3. Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, 6205 Rajshahi, Bangladesh

faruq@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: Plant extracts are the best alternatives of chemical insecticides and can save the plant species as well as the world’s environments. For releasing the plant materials as a botanical insecticide proper plant species and plant parts screening and identifying the mode of action on insect is essential. For this purpose, different plant parts of Calotropis procera, Derris indica, Ipomoea quamoclit, Piper longum and Polygonum hydropiper and salivary gland chromosomes of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) had selected for investigation. Dose mortality test result showed the intensity of activity in a descending order as I. quamoclit (911.83 ppm) > P. hydropiper (1205.47 ppm) > C. procera (5410.82 ppm) > D. indica (5519.30 ppm) > P. longum (10737.43 ppm) and in all the cases significant differences were found for dose differences. The test results demonstrated potential effects on salivary gland chromosomes where highly effective plant extracts showed more compact chromosomes than lower effective extracts i.e. the compactness of chromosomes depended upon the activities of the plant extracts.

[Zakaria HP, Faruq G, Motiur R, Nurul I. Effects of Plant Extracts on Salivary Gland Chromosomes of House fly (Musca domestica L.). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1930-1935] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 292

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.292

 

Keywords: Chromosomes; Diptera; Musca domestica; Plant extracts; Salivary gland

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Heat Tolerance in Tomato

 

Faruq Golam, Zakaria Hossain Prodhan, Arash Nezhadahmadi, Motiur Rahman

 

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

faruq@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: High temperature is the prevalent characteristic of subtropical and tropical regions and higher temperature has become an important limiting element for tomato production and yield. Although, tomato crops exhibit anatomical, morphological, physiological, phonological, and molecular responses to tackle with heat stress, but their reproductive stage and yields are extremely influenced by the high temperature. Various QTL’s, heat shock proteins, and genes were detected in terms of heat resistance in tomato however a few stress-resistant tomato varieties are developed through traditional breeding ways. This is because the complicatedness of heat resistant characteristics that may be handled by the activity of different genes whose expression patterns are induced by several environmental elements. Furthermore, resistance to heat stress is developmentally regulated, stage-special event and resistance at one step of crop improvement is sometimes not related to resistance at other growth steps. Therefore, to produce of tomato under heat stress successfully, resistance may be required at whole imperative steps of crop growth such as germination of seed, reproductive and vegetative steps. Recently, various molecular and classical markers for heat resistance were screened and MAS (Marker-Assisted Selection) may be applied to improve tolerance of tomato to heat stress via biotechnological and molecular methods. To study heat tolerance in tomato appropriately, this paper will be an appropriate material and will assist for future studies.

[Faruq G, Zakaria HP, Arash N. Heat Tolerance in Tomato. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1936-1950] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 293

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.293

 

Key Words: Tomato; Temperature; Heat tolerant

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Numerical solution of linear Fredholm integral equations

 

M.H. Saleh, S.M. Amer, S.M. Dardery and D. Sh. Mohammed*

 

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

*doaamohammedshokry@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, numerical solution of linear Fredholm integral equations of the second kind is considered by two methods. The methods are developed by means of the Sinc-collocation method and shifted Chebyshev polynomial method. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the method.

[M. H.Saleh, S. M. Amer, S. M. Dardery and D. Sh. Mohammed. Numerical solution of linear Fredholm integral equations. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1951-1957] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 294

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.294

 

Key words: System of Fredholm integral equations, Sinc function, Sinc method, Shifted Chebyshev polynomial

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Landscape Design methodology in Form’s origination

 

Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour1, Mohsen Faizi2, Sasan Hosseini3, Maryam Fallah4, Pouyan Berahman5

 

1 Assistant Professor in Architecture And Urbanism Group – Science and Industry University of Iran (IUST).

2 Associate Professor in Architecture And Urbanism Group – Science and Industry University of Iran(IUST).

3Ph.D Candidate in Architecture – Science and Industry University of Iran (IUST).

4 M.A in Architecture – Shahid beheshti University of Iran (SBU).

5 Ph.D Candidate in Architecture – Islamic Azad university of science and Research University of Iran.

S_hosseini@iust.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Organizing ideas and transferring them into practical models and sketches are one of the main duties of a landscape architect. Landscape designing ideas separated from the designer’s mental imaginations, are made upon context features, programs and designer’s Intellectual and philosophical attitudes. These ideas turn into physical and practical sketches and plans by using principles such as axes, movements, geometrical forms, hierarchies, structural elements, Private and public spaces, perspectives and views. Although there are limitations for designers to use patterns, in areas of function and technique, but they are free to express design in shapes. Thus, it could be said that the main responsibility of a designer in establishing a style is; creating the form. Form in a field of art, doesn't just mean its physical appearance, size and volume, but includes all of components which intervene in it's structure and composition. It is assumed that most of those above -such as a line in painting sound in landscape or a pause in music- do not have a clear description of themselves and find meaning when get organized in final production. So the main components are his form and space. It should be mentioned that there are differences between design methods and the references or methods which produce forms. Each designer may use a totally specific or spectacular method to design, but the created form can be analyzed with two mechanisms which is going to be investigated in this essay. The purpose of this essay is to find a mechanism which would be able to analyze different approaches of emerging forms in landscape architecture. By analyzing factors such as Fabric, Pattern, Shape and Geometry, finally we would compile or methodology in form’s creation. With this knowledge, the landscape designer’s thoughts would be organized and put into various models in which the created form and the local effects could be analyzed.

[Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour, Mohsen Faizi, Sasan Hosseini, Maryam Fallah, Pouyan Berahman. Landscape Design methodology in Form’s origination. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1958-1968] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 295

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.295

 

Keywords: Form, Architecture, Landscape design, Geometry and Logic architecture, intuition and sensibility

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Assessment of different approaches in reducing co2 emissions

 

1Abdolvahed Ghadreri, 2Ehsan Sharifara, 3âAbbas Abbaszadeh Shahri, 4Amirmehdi Vadayekheiri

 

1,2Department of Petroleum Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3Assistant Professor, Department of Geophysics, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran

4. Faculty of Management,University of Tehran

 *Corresponding author: Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri

E-mail: a_abbaszadeh@iauh.ac.ir; abbas4646@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Fossil fuels will remain a key element in the development of global economy in coming decades. Therefore the accumulation of CO2 in the air caused by fossil fuel consumption must be prevented because of the environmental concerns. Therefore the global issue of CO2 production has been under concentration in recent years through declarations such as the Kyoto protocol and also by industry leaders. To solve this problem and stabilize CO2 levels, the leaders must look towards adopting CO2 management strategies across their various enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to review three different and currently used methods of reducing CO2 emissions

[Abdolvahed Ghadreri, Ehsan Sharifara, Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri, Amirmehdi Vadayekheiri. Assessment of different approaches in reducing co2 emissions. Life Sci J:9(4):1969-1978]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 296

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.296

 

Keywords:Co2, Biofuel, Carbon capture, Storage, Energy Management, Planning

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The Effects of Foliar Applications of Nitrogen, Boron, and Zinc on the Fruit Setting and the Quality of Almonds

 

Mohammad Taher Nezami

 

Department of Soil Science,Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch,Karaj,Iran.

 *Corresponding author: Mohammad Taher Nezami

E-mail: Taher.nezami@yahoo.com.

 

Abstract: Fruit drop in orchards of almonds (prunus amygdalus L.) is one of the major problems encountered by producers of fruit in Iran. Nutritional elements, particularly nitrogen and boron, have an effective role in this issue. To study the effect of these elements, a factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks with 18 applications and three repetitions – altogether, 108 8-year-old Azar trees were tested in the county of Shabestar during 2002 and 2003. The first factor was nitrogen supplied from a urea source in two levels (zero and 5000 ppm), the second factor was boron from a boric acid source in three levels (zero, 2000 ppm and 4000 ppm), and the third factor was zinc supplied by a source of zinc sulfate in three levels (zero, 2000 ppm and 4000 ppm). The highest percentage of fruit setting (24 percent) was measured at the third levels of boron and zinc. The highest final fruit setting percentage (15 percent) was obtained for second- and third-level boric acid. Also, the highest single kernel weight (2.4 grams) was measured for combined foliar application with 5000-ppm urea and 4000-ppm boric acid. The highest kernel percentage (14 percent), on the other hand, was achieved with third-level boron. The highest fruit length (4.4 centimeter) was also obtained for third-level boron. Furthermore, second- and third-levels of boric acid led to the highest fruit width (3.1 centimeter). The highest oil percentage measured (53 percent) was observed for third-level zinc without applying nitrogen. The highest hard shell percentage (22 percent) was obtained when combined foliar applications of second-level nitrogen and second- and third-level boric acid were used. On the other hand, the highest protein percentage (23 percent) was measured for the combined foliar application of urea and third-level boric acid. No significant simple or interactive year by location effects were obtained for any of the fertilization applications.

[Mohammad Taher Nezami. The Effects of Foliar Applications of Nitrogen, Boron, and Zinc on the Fruit Setting and the Quality of Almonds. Life Sci J:9(4):1979-1989]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 297

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.297

 

Keywords: nitrogen, boron, zinc, initial fruit setting, final fruit setting, almonds

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The effect of betamethasone on fetal movement, biophysical profile and fetal circulation in preterm fetuses

 

Soghra Khazardoost,MD¹, Parichehr Pooransari MD², Masoome Mirzamoradi MD³

 

1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Sajjad Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences

3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahdieh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

 

Abstract: Objective: Evaluating the effect of antenatal betamethasone on the biophysical profile and Doppler indices of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five preterm labor singleton pregnancies (gestational age, 26-34 weeks) were studied prospectively. These patients received two consecutive doses of betamethasone 24 hours apart to accelerate pulmonary maturation. Fetal biophysical profile (BPP) and Doppler assessment were performed twice, on admission and 48 hours after administration of the first dose. The mother recorded fetal movement before, during and after the study periods. Comparison was made between biophysical profile score, fetal movement and Doppler indices of the umbilical and middle cerebral artery before and after betamethasone administration. Continuous data were compared by paired t test and dichotomous data were compared by McNemar test between pre and post treatment evaluations. The statistical significance was set at 0.05 levels. Results: Twenty-five women–median age, 26 (19-42) years; median of gestational age, 32 (26-34) weeks–which were referred to Imam Sajjad hospital, Yasuj from August 2010 to December 2011 were enrolled into the study. There was significant different in fetal movement before and after betamethasone administration (p=0.004). The frequency of BPP scores ≤8 increased from 13 to 21 subjects (p=0.039) at post treatment evaluation which was significant statistically. There was statistically significant difference in the reduction of umbilical artery PI (0.10) (95%CI: 0.01-0.19) and RI (0.07) (95%CI: 0.08-0.06)), but these changes were not important clinically. The mean changes of MCA PI and RI were 0.01 (95% CI:-0.16-0.19) and -0.01 (95% CI:-O.08-0.06), respectively. Conclusion: After betamethasone administration, fetal movement, BPP scores and umbilical artery indices were decreased, while MCA Doppler indices were not affected.

[Soghra Khazardoost, Parichehr Pooransari, Masoome Mirzamoradi. The effect of betamethasone on fetal movement, biophysical profile and fetal circulation in preterm fetuses. Life Sci J 9(4):1990-1992]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 298

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.298

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Scenarios Evaluation in Water Resources Management in the Standpoint of System Sustainability and Conflict Resolution Theory

 

Haghiabi Amirhamzeh

 

Department of Water Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

Email: haghiabi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Scenarios evaluation in water resources planning and management has done by the objective of increasing efficiency and systems sustainability and decreasing probable conflicts. Development and Simulating of the scenarios based on the results of the optimization model that optimize the reservoir rule carve by Genetic Algorithm. Sustainability indicators and conflict resolution theory, implemented the evaluation of them. Results show that the water resources planning and managing scenarios evaluation by this method lead the water resource systems to sustainability. Scenarios Evaluation in Water [Haghiabi Amirhamzeh. Resources Management in the Standpoint of System Sustainability and Conflict Resolution Theory Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1993-1998] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 299

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.299

 

Keywords: scenario evaluation, conflict resolution, genetic algorithm, sustainability indicators

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Investigating the effect of changing in aggregation of stone materials containing high specific gravity with constant fineness modulus on penetration of chloride ion, compressive strength and density of heavy concrete

 

Alireza Vahidnia1 (Corresponding author), Dr. Hamidreza Naseri2, Dr. Mohammad Reza Doosti3

 

1. MSc of Structural, Department of civil engineering, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Iran

2. Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birjand, Iran

3. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birjand, Iran

 

Abstract: This study analyzed some physical and mechanical properties of concrete produced with magnetite (Fe2O3) aggregate supplied from Khaf county of Iran. Since in the concrete mix design of sand gradation is controlled and applied just by fineness modulus and being in the range of standard gradation. In this paper with fixing these two factors, the effect of changing sand grading by decreasing or increasing the amount percent of remained in sift on changes of chloride ion penetration, compressive strength and density of heavy-concrete is investigated. For this purpose, four types of sand grading with constant fineness modulus in standard grading zone and two kinds of gravel with different maximum nominal size design of concrete mixes are probed. In these concrete samples, chloride ion penetration as one of the parameters related to the concrete durability and in the other hand 7, 28 and 42 days compressive strength, slump and density of concrete are studied.

[Alireza Vahidnia, Hamidreza Naseri, Mohammad Reza Doosti. Investigating the effect of changing in aggregation of stone materials containing high specific gravity with constant fineness modulus on penetration of chloride ion, compressive strength and density of heavy concrete. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):1999-2005] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 300

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.300

 

Keywords: Heavy concrete; Fineness modulus; Aggregation; Chloride penetration; Compressive strength.

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Responses of Antioxidative Protection to Varying Drought Stresses Induced by Micro-Ecological Fields on Desert C3 and C4 Plants in Northwest China

 

Chunmei Gong 1*, Pengbo Ning 2, Juan Bai 1

 

1. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

*gcm228@163.com

 

Abstract: Desert plants are exposed to a combination of environmental stress conditions, including water deficit, high temperature and high irradiance. We focused on antioxidative protection systems of C4 desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron and C3 desert plant Hedysarum scoparium within arid dune ecosystem with artificial controlling water availability. The antioxidative enzymatic (SOD, POD and CAT) activities of H. scoparium were significantly higher than those of H. ammodendron in the same conditions; the antioxidative enzymatic activities in leaflets of H. scoparium were higher than those in rachis. With the increasing drought, the accumulation of the antioxidant (flavonoids) was increased in H. ammodendron. But the amount of flavonoids was decreased in H. scoparium. Flavonoid contents in the leaflets and rachis of H. scoparium were higher than those in assimilating shoots of H. ammodendron. In conclusion, H. ammodendron and H. scoparium applied different strategies of protection against water deficit, high irradiance stress and high temperature stress during daily process in summer, and inducing high activities of antioxidative enzymes in C3 desert plant was an important safeguard to live in desert condition, and the advantages of C4 metabolism of H. ammodendron was that it was not easily influenced physiologically to the same level of stress as H. scoparium.

[Gong C, Ning P, Bai J. Responses of Antioxidative Protection to Varying Drought Stresses Induced by Micro-Ecological Fields on Desert C3 and C4 Plants in Northwest China. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2006-2016] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.301

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.301

 

Keywords: antioxidative enzymes; antioxidant; desert C3 and C4 plants; Haloxlon ammodendron; Hedysarum scoparium; drought stress.

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Cause related marketing campaigns and consumer purchase intentions: The mediating role of cultural values and perceptual brand equity

 

Hossein vazifehdust1,, Hashem nikoomaram2,, Hassan Saberi (Corresponding author) 3

1, 2, 3 Department of management, Islamic Azad University research and science branch, Tehran, Iran

E-mail address: saberi20hassan@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the kind of relationship between Cause Related Marketing (CRM) campaigns, brand awareness, brand image and perceived quality as possible antecedents of consumer purchase intentions in the country of Iran. An initial conceptualization was developed from mainstream literature to be validated through empirical research. The conceptualization was then tested with quantitative survey data collected from about 400 consumers studying in different purchase centers in Tehran. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesis derived from literature. The findings indicate that consumer purchase intentions are influenced by the cause related marketing campaigns. Furthermore it was observed that the perceptual brand equity dimensions and cultural values partially mediate the impact of CRM campaigns on consumer purchase intentions. The data was gathered from purchase centers in Tehran only. Hence, future research could extend these findings to other cities in Iran to test their generalizing ability. This research has key implications for companies, charities and academic to effective use of cause related marketing campaigns in Iran. The study contributes to cause related marketing literature by indicating a mediating role of perceptual brand equity and cultural values on CRM campaigns and consumer purchase intentions. The mediating role of culture and perceived quality was ignored in previous studies. Moreover, it contributes to close the gap of empirical research in this field in Iran.

[Hossein vazifehdust, Hashem nikoomaram,, Hassan Saberi. Cause related marketing campaigns and consumer purchase intentions: The mediating role of cultural values and perceptual brand equity. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2017-2025] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 302

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.302

 

Key words: cause related marketing, conceptual brand equity dimensions, cultural values, purchasing intentions, Iran.

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KATP channel openers may protect MOG-G-UVW cells from hypoxia mimetic insult induced by CoCl2

 

ZHANG Jin, Marwa KHUDHEYER, Jasmin NOWAK, Dwaine BURLEY and Kenneth WANN

 

School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward = 7 \* ROMAN VII Ave., Cathays, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK

edwardzhangjin@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: This study is going to find out whether KATP channel is playing a protective role or not under neuronal insult model. A human astrocytoma cell line, MOG-G-UVW, was used in this study. RT-PCR was performed to find out whether KATP channel exists or not at mRNA level and which subunits are the main compositions. Cell proliferation MTS assays were used to test the response of the cells to the insults and/or KATP modulators. Hypoxia mimetic induced by CoCl2 was applied as a cell insult model. Diazoxide, nicorandil and cromakalim were used as KATP openers, and tolbutamide and glibenclamide were used as KATP blockers. KATP channel exists in MOG-G-UVW cell line at mRNA level and the main composition is Kir6.2 and SUR2A. 65 μM is the EC50 of CoCl2 insult to MOG-G-UVW cells and 125 μM can further induce cell death. KATP openers cannot protect the cells from 65 μM CoCl2 insult, but diazoxide and nicorandil can reduce the cell death under 125 μM CoCl2. KATP blockers, tolbutamide and glibenclamide, cannot protect the cells at all, and tolbutamide may further reduce the cell numbers from the same dose of CoCl2 insult. KATP activation may protect the cells from hypoxia mimetic insult induced by CoCl2 at a high dose, but KATP blockers may further induce cell death.

[Zhang J, Khudheyer M, Nowak J, Burley D, Wann K. KATP channel openers may protect MOG-G-UVW cells from hypoxia mimetic insult induced by CoCl2. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2026-2034] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 303

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.303

 

Key words: KATP channel, neuroprotection, cell proliferation MTS assay.

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Scenario analysis and rankings of Iran power plants using mathematical models of DEA with the factor of the type of chemical consumption fuel

 

Hadi Mohammadi Zarandini, Mohammad Reza Sheikhnabi

Enghelabe Eslami Technical College, Technical and vocational University, Yafttabad, Tehran, Iran

hadi_mohammadi_zarandian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this article, considering the importance of the optimum utilization of feasibilities for gaining more efficiency, first, Iran power plants status is surveyed. Then the methodology of data envelopment analysis, taken as the suitable scientific and non-parametrical method of the performance assessment and determination of DMU (Decision Making Units) efficiency has been introduced for the performance improvising and rankings of electricity production; moreover, by using the improvised model the scenario analysis of the data envelopment for gaining the concerned targets will be assessed. Then the various kinds of the consumptive fuels undergo discussion.

[Hadi Mohammadi Zarandini, Mohammad Reza Sheikhnabi. Scenario analysis and rankings of Iran power plants using mathematical models of DEA with the factor of the type of chemical consumption fuel. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2035-2040] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 304

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.304

 

Key words: data envelopment analysis (DEA), efficiency, chemical consumption fuel, power plants, rankings models, scenario analysis.

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Sensitivity analysis of Markov chains for M/G/1queueing systems

 

Esfandyar Ataei1 and Alireza Ataei2

 

1. Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran,

2. Department of Computer Science, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

E-mail: a.ataei351@gmail.com.

 

Corresponding Author: Esfandyar Ataei, E-mail: ataei56@gmail.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the problems of sensitivity analysis and estimates of the steady-state performance for an M/G/1 queueing system. By studying its embedded Markov chain, we give the sensitivity formulas expressed by the potentials of the embedded Markov chain. note thatNon-Markov-type queueing systems are often used as mathematical models in studying some practical engineering problems, such as communication networks. we study an M/G/1 queue with equal classesof customers, the server selects a customer to serve from among all customers waiting in the system with equal probability,Specifically, if there are n customers waiting in the system when the server selects a customer to serve, each customer is selected with probability . we give the sensitivity formulas expressed by the potentials of the embedded Markov chain. Based on the performance potential theory and these formulas, we propose an algorithm to compute system potentials and performance derivatives for M/G/1 queueing systems.

[Esfandyar Ataei and Alireza Ataei. Sensitivity analysis of Markov chains for M/G/1queueing systems. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2041-2045] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 305

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.305

 

Keywords: Sensitivity analysis; M/G/1 queuing system;Markov chain; Performance potential

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Micropropagation of Ornamental Plant Musa Beccarii through Tissue Culture Technique Using Suckers and Male Buds as Explants

 

Kamaludin Rashid1, Arash Nezhadahmadi2, Rofina Yasmin Othman2, Nurul Aina Ismail1, Shamrul Azhar1, Shahril Efzueni1

 

1. Centre for Foundation Studies of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Malaysia

nezhadahmadi.arash@gmail.com; kamalrashid@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: Musa beccarii is grouped under wild bananas and endemic in Borneo. This ornamental plant is among the most unique ornamental bananas that produce colorful and attractive flowers with small plant compared to the cultivated bananas for fruits. Micropropagation is a laboratory based tissue culture technique commonly used to propagate any plants. Micropropagation studies of these species have become important in order to increase the productivity for mass propagation in floriculture industry. This study was conducted to observe and determine the optimum sterilization procedure and media requirement for the regeneration of explants using in vitro method. Sterilization procedure for both suckers and male buds inflorescence for this ornamental banana were almost the same, whereas for suckers, 100% Clorox with tween 20 and 70% ethanol were used and for male buds, 70% ethanol was only used. It is found out that prolific multiple shoot formation and elongation were obtained from the suckers and male flower buds cultured on MS basal medium with 0.014mg/L BAP. Charcoal, coconut water, and gelrite (agar) were also added into the medium and PH was adjusted to 5.8. Unfortunately, the final phase was not able to perform as the plantlets were died after 5 weeks transplanting from media culture to the soil. It might be because of the sunlight that was too hot or the plant could not acclimatize to the new condition. So, the plantlets were not capable of supporting themselves in the soil.

[Kamaludin Rashid, Arash Nezhadahmadi, Rofina Yasmin Othman, Nurul Aina Ismail, Shamrul Azhar, Shahril Efzueni. Micropropagation of Ornamental Plant Musa Beccarii through Tissue Culture Technique Using Suckers and Male Buds as Explants. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2046-2053] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 306

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.306

 

Keywords: Micropropagation; Tissue culture; Explant

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Extent of Injury of Gastrointestinal tract due to accidental ingestion of chemicals among children at Bandar Abbass Children Hospital 2009-2011

 

Sakineh Fallahi 1, Seyed M. V. Hosseini 2, Soghra Fallahi 3, Morteza Salimi 4, Ali Akbar Hesam 5, Seydeh Hamideh Hoseini 6

 

1. MS.c, Department of Nusring, Member of Fertility and Infertility Health Research Center Hormozgan, Member of University of Medical Science Students Research Committee, Bandar Abbas, Iran

2. Departmen of Surgery, Division of Paediatric Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Scienes,, Member of Fertility and Infertility Health Research Center, Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

3. MS.c Department of Physiology, Member of Fertility and Infertility Health Research Center Hormozgan, Member of University of Medical Science Students Research Committee, Bandar Abbas, Iran

4. BS.c in Nusring School, Member of Fertility and Infertility Health Research Center Hormozgan, Member of University of Medical Science Students Research Committee, Bandar Abbas, Iran

5. MS.c student in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Member of University of Medical Science Students Research Committee, Bandar Abbas, Iran

6. BS.c in Nusring, Member of Fertility and Infertility Health Research Center Hormozgan, Member of University of Medical Science Students Research Committee, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Hamidehalsadat@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Accidental Ingestion of burning material could lead to serious injury in different part of the gastrointestinal tract, mostly esophagus as it has the most contact with the swallowed material. The best diagnostic method is Endoscopy and Esophagoscopy. This study intended to assess the severity and extent of burning, its chronic complications and recommend appropriate preventive method of such catastrophe, occurring mostly in children 1-16 years of age. This cross-sectional study was carried out between March 2009 and February 2011, in which 78 cases of children who had accidentally ingested burning material and undergone therapy were under research. The type of ingestion material, the extent of esophagus injury, number of chest and abdomen radiographies, extent of exposure to X-ray, the applied therapeutic method and the long term complications were recorded and then assessed. 37.2% of the 78 children were girls, 62.8% boys 71.8% urban, 28.2% rural. 47 cases of children were poisoned with stronger materials and 29% with higher ones. Clinical signs included vomiting, oral irritation, bloody discharge, abdominal pain, coughing, loss of consciousness and respiratory distress respectively. 45% of the cases had normal degree of burning, 20% G1 burning, 12.5% G2a burning, ½% G2b burning, 6.2% G3a and 7.5% G3a burning. 11 children undergone surgery, 7 were diagnosed with esophagostenosis in a year follow-up and the extent of exposure to X-ray for each chest and abdomen graphy was 1/. This study concluded that accidental ingestion of chemical detergent by children lead to esophagus injury with different degree and extents. The complications are not limited to a period of time and might be life-long. Preventing would be a comprehensive solution in this regard which can be emphasized by ministry of health, media, manufacturers and sellers of chemical detergents be supplied in secure and tightly-capped containers with advise tags for families. Comical material must be sold in specific shop under supervision and limitation for stronger detergents.

[Sakineh Fallahi, Seyed M. V. Hosseini, Soghra Fallahi, Morteza Salimi, Ali Akbar Hesam, Seydeh Hamidh Hoseini. Extent of Injury of Gastrointestinal tract due to accidental ingestion of chemicals among children at Bandar Abbass Children Hospital 2009-2011. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2054-2058] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 307

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.307

 

Keywords: Endoscopy, Esophagoscopy, Burning material, Accidental ingestion, Esophagostenosis, X-ray

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In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Stem Internodes of Polygonum tinctorium

 

Aye Aye Thwe1, Yeon Bok Kim1, Soo Un Kim2,*, and Sang Un Park1,*

 

1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764,

Korea

2Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-951, Korea

soounkim@snu.ac.kr, supark@cnu.ac.kr

 

Abstract: An efficient and simple protocol for shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from the stem internodes of Polygonum tinctorium was developed. The stem internodes were cultured on media containing different concentrations of cytokinins. Thereafter, the optimum concentration of cytokinin was selected and supplemented with various concentrations of auxins, to determine the potential regeneration capacity and shoot growth from excised stem internodes. Of the cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine exhibited the highest efficiency for shoot initiation, followed by zeatin, kinetin, and 1-phenyl-3-(1, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea. In this study, 2.0 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine was highly effective for shoot initiation, in terms of regeneration efficiency, shoot number, and shoot length. Among the cytokinin/auxin combinations, 2.0 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid provided the optimal conditions for yielding the highest number of shoots (5.6) per explant, greatest shoot length (19.8 mm), and the highest regeneration rate (98%). The protocol developed here is potentially useful for studying the in vitro organogenesis of P. tinctorium.

[Thwe AA, Chae SC, Park SU. In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Stem Internodes of Polygonum tinctorium. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2059-2062] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 308

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.308

 

Keywords: auxin, cytokinin, in vitro, stem internode, Polygonum tinctorium

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A Study on the Relation between Yield and Some Maize Genotypes Traits in the Presence of Humic Liquid Fertilizer Based on Peat

 

 Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah*, Yousef Alaei, Seyed Sajjad Moosavi, Maryam Jafari and Elena Khabiri

 

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 

*Corresponding author: Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah

Email: ali.mohammadpour.khaneghah@gmail.com. Tel: +989143557127

 

Abstract: In order to study the response of maize genotypes against the application of peat based liquid humic fertilizer. The Experiment was conducted as Split Plot in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included two conditions (with the application of humic fertilizer; without humic fertilizer) and the sub factor included 6 maize genotypes. Considering the compound ANOVA results in studied traits, it was observed that there is a significant difference between all traits at probability level of 1% in experimental conditions. Results indicate that among studied genotypes Golden West with a mean of 19.80 ton per hectare had the highest biological yield and OS 499 genotype with a mean of 14.56 ton per hectare had the lowest biological yield. According to data, it can be suggested that applying humic fertilizer based on peat had good effects on studied traits.

[Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah, Yousef Alaei, Seyed Sajjad Moosavi, Maryam Jafari and Elena Khabiri. A Study on the Relation between Yield and Some Maize Genotypes Traits in the Presence of Humic Liquid Fertilizer Based on Peat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2063-2069] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 309

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.309

 

Keyword: Maize, Humic, Correlation, Yield

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Total Parenteral Nutrition, Metabolic Consequences, Liver Complication and Role of Some Natural Extracts

 

Ahmed; AIS; Fadl E. El-Deeb*; Amal A. Abd Elbaky and Maha Mhmoud

 

Special Foods Department, Food Tech. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt

*Home Economics Dep. Fac. Specific Education, Domietta, Mansoura University, Egypt.

fadldeeb@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Liver is negatively affected by using of total parenteral nutrition (T) for long time. It has most recently been found that T is associated with recognizable loss of body weight when diuretic drug (TD) is used to minimize water retention. This has been maximally resolved when green tea was added to parsley extract (TPG). A negative role for T administrations on liver health statues included a remarkable histopathological subclinical disorder such as local monocular inflammatory and vaculations for application of T alone in addition to dissociation hemolysed RBCs, deposition of golden brown hemosidrine pigment, necrosis of hepatocytes with psychosis of the nuclei and necrosis of sporadic were recorded when TD used. These hepatic cells were partially or even totally recovered upon the intervention with natural extract. This additional extract was also relatively stronger in controlling blood sugar, blood cholesterol, Fe level in serum, liver enzymes, WBCs as well as RBC and kidney function whose reversely affected by T administration alone. In fact, this internal metabolic homeostatic role powered by the natural mixture of extract is an added bioingredient value could be attributed to the complementary action of a unique combination of polyphenols, flavones and vitamins provided by this mixture. In essence, the highly mutual biological intervention appeared for parsley is of important medical role, but the presence of tea solution has magnified its curing effect. Yet, it may concluded that T application cannot be improved using lasix except for water retention, but health complications, especially those of liver, can be avoided by an especial mixture of the natural preparation of parsley and green tea since, tea + parsley extract was an excellent dietary therapy recorded here. Further biological evaluation for T complication recorded for other organs using its effect on their histopathology will appear soon.

[Ahmed; AIS; Fadl E. El-Deeb; Amal A. Abd Elbaky and Maha Mahmoud. Total Parenteral Nutrition, Metabolic Consequences, Liver Complication and Role of Some Natural Extracts. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2070-2079] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 310

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.310

 

Keywords: Total parenteral nutrition, parsley, green tea, polyphenols.

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Using bicarbonates for controlling late blight disease of potato plants under field conditions

 

F. Abd-El-Kareem1 and Fatten, M. Abd- El- latif 2

 

1Plant Pathology Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt

2 Agriculture Botany Dept., Fac. Agric. Benha Univ. Egypt

fadldeeb@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Late blight disease caused by P. infestans of potato plants was controlled under field conditions using potassium or sodium bicarbonates alone or in combination with Citral. In laboratory experiments, results indicated that complete inhibition in linear growth of P. infestans was obtained with potassium or sodium bicarbonates at 2 % and Citral at 0.5 %. Moreover, in field experiments, results indicated that the most effective treatment was potassium bicarbonate at 2.0 % plus Citral at 0.5 % which reduced the disease severity by 84.4 and 82.4 % during two growing seasons. The highest reduction was obtained with potassium or sodium bicarbonate at 1.0 or 2.0 respectively plus citral at 0.5 % and Redomil which reduced the early blight incidence more than 61.8 % as compared with untreated plants. As for potato yield the highest increased was obtained with potassium bicarbonate at 2.0 % plus Citral at 0.5 % which increased tuber yield by 76.0 and 67.9 % during two growing seasons. All treatments significantly increased the chitinase and β-1,3 – glucanase activities. The great increased was obtained with potassium bicarbonate at 2.0 or 1.0 % plus Citral which increased the chitinase and β-1,3 – glucanase activities more than 120.0 and 220.1 % respectively. It could be suggested that combined treatments between potassium bicarbonate plus Citral might be used for controlling late blight disease of potato plants under field conditions.

[F. Abd-El-Kareem and Fatten, M. Abd- El- latif. Using bicarbonates for controlling late blight disease of potato plants under field conditions. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2080-2085] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 311

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.311

 

Keywords: Late blight – Citral – Potassium bicarbonate – Potato Sodium bicarbonate

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Rural Households’ Awareness and Willingness to Pay for National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ilesha West Local Government Area, Osun State Nigeria: A Recursive Bivariate Probit Approach

 

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale and Adedotun Adeyeye

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmbatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

 

Abstract: The Nigerian health policy seeks to ensure adequate access of the population to affordable and quality healthcare services. The NHIS seeks to complement efforts already put in place for achieving this goal. This paper therefore analyzed the factors influencing awareness and willingness to pay for NHIS in rural Nigeria. The data were collected with structured questionnaires using multi-stage sampling method. Data were analyzed using Recursive Bivariate Probit model. Results show that 47.27 percent of the respondents were using general (public) hospital while 15.45 percent were not using medical treatments. Also, 54.55 percent of the households were aware of NHIS whereas 71.82 percent were willing to pay. Awareness and willingness to pay were negatively correlated although both were positively and significantly influenced by years of education and sick time (p<0.10). It was concluded that efforts to properly educate rural people can facilitate subscription into the program.

[Abayomi Samuel Oyekale and Adedotun Adeyeye. Rural Households’ Awareness and Willingness to Pay for National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ilesha West Local Government Area, Osun State Nigeria: A Recursive Bivariate Probit Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2086-2093] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 312

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.312

 

Keywords: health insurance, willingness to pay, awareness, Recursive Bivariate Probit

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Stigma, Discrimination and Willingness to Buy Vegetables from People Living With HVI&AIDS (PLWHA) in Rural Nigeria

 

Sulaimon Olalekan Orija+ and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale++,

 

+Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University,

Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa.

 

Abstract: Stigma and discrimination have been identified as key propelling forces that fuel HIV transmission. This study analyzed factors explaining willingness of rural households to buy vegetables from PLWHA. The data were the Nigeria’s 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and were analyzed with the Multinomial logit regression. The results show that awareness about HIV&AIDS is high (83.60 percent). Misconceptions about HIV&AIDS included belief that HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bites (24.90 percent), sharing of food (18.00 percent) and witchcraft (18.1 percent). Only 29.1 percent of the respondents would buy vegetable from PLWHA and stigmatization is reduced with age, being tested, knowing someone that had died of HIV&AIDS (p<0.01). It was concluded that HIV stigma and discrimination can be reduced by properly educating people on the potential harms of discriminating attitudes, especially by targeting he youth.

[Sulaimon Olalekan Orija and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale. Stigma, Discrimination and Willingness to Buy Vegetables from People Living With HVI&AIDS (PLWHA) in Rural Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2094-2100] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 313

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.313

 

Keywords: stigma and discrimination, PLWHA, HIV&AIDS, rural households, Nigeria

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Factors Explaining Acute Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA)

 

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension,

North-West University Mafikeng Campus, 2735 Mmabatho South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Child malnutrition poses serious challenge to economic development in many SSA countries. This study analyzed the factors predisposing children to wasting in selected SSA countries. Anthropometrics data for children in Gambia, Niger, Comoros, Central African Republic, Lesotho and Swaziland were analyzed using Z-score and Probit regression. Results show that wasting is highest in Niger (12.69 percent). Probit analysis shows that attainment of secondary education by the mothers, urbanization, presence of pipe water, vaccination, and mother’s access to radio and television significantly reduce the probability of wasting, while infection with diarrhea, fever and age at first polio vaccine significantly increase it (p<0.10). Concerted efforts to reduce malnutrition must focus on provision of health facilities in the rural areas, promotion of women education, promotion of enlightenment programs on the need for child immunization and ensuring cleanliness in caring, among others.

[Abayomi Samuel Oyekale. Factors Explaining Acute Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2101-2107] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 314

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.314

 

Keywords: wasting, secondary education, immunization, SSA

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Behavior of Skew Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Composite Decks

 

Hany Ahmed Ahmed Dahish, Ahmed Foad El-ragi and Alaa Aly El-Sayed

 

Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University

had00@fayoum.edu.eg;

 

Abstract: Over the past fifty years, many countries have recognized benefits of using composite concrete slabs in building construction and highway bridges. In this paper, experimental study was carried out to study the effect of skew angle, percent of concrete shear keys and prestressing on behavior of skew composite decks with reinforced or prestressed concrete precast corrugated panels under cyclic loading. A skew folded corrugated panel was proposed and prestressed to allow its use as integral part of bridge composite deck. The proposed precast panels are of high strength concrete with small thickness while, the cast in situ top slab is of normal concrete strength. The experimental program consists of six specimens of 3100 mm long (3 with traditional reinforcement and 3 with post-tensioned reinforcement) with overall height of 250 mm. The precast panel is of thickness 50 mm for both inclined and top parts of specimens, and thickness of 50 mm for the top layer. The corrugation angle of the web and skew angle of the longitudinal direction are 60° and 20° respectively. The post-tensioned panels are prestressed by two 15.24 mm diameter strands. From experimental results, it was observed that no visible rotational effect occurred throw the test for angles less or equal to 20°. No longitudinal cracks appeared in all tested specimens and no failure occurs at the bearing area of the specimen, the failure mode was flexure mode. The use of concrete shear keys as a shear connector affects its behavior (concrete and steel strains, deflection, and failure load).

[Hany Ahmed Ahmed Dahish, Ahmed Foad El-ragi and Alaa Aly El-Sayed. Behavior of Skew Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Composite Decks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2108-2114] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 315

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.315

 

Keywords: Slab, Concrete, Prestressing, Skew, Post-tensioned, Experimental, Nonlinear.

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Assessment of Quality of Nursing Care Provided Immediately After Birth At University Hospital

 

Neama abd El Fattah1 and Nagwa A. Zein El Dein 2

 

1Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Helwan University, Egypt

2Pediatric Nursing Faculty of Nursing Menoufia University, Egypt

Future_quality@yahoo.com; future_nursing@hotmail.com; nagwa_ahmedzin@ymail.com

 

Abstract: The poor quality of care offered to neonates in hospital has been widely reported. The challenge is now therefore to define interventions that might improve this care. Aim. This study was designed to assess quality of nursing care provided immediately after birth for newborn and mothers, Methodology, Descriptive non participatory observational research design was utilized at OB- GYN department (Maternity unit) at University hospital in Shebin El-Kom Menoufiya University, through observational checklist and structured interview questionnaire with a convenient nurses in charge in delivery room were chosen by non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS-16 Descriptive statistics cross tabulation, correlation and graphs were used to illustrate the results. Results: The findings in this study indicate that nurses have an around average of knowledge and quality of practice regarding total score of knowledge of birth preparation, initiating attachment and breast feeding, While much still needs to be done to improve the quality of maternal and newborn care regarding responding to mothers questions, examining baby and mothers before discharge. A combination of factors in this study, inhibit the provision of quality care such as educational levels and lack of training courses that nurses received: Study, displaying the need for protocols in labor room, and post natal ward. There is no data available regarding the infection arising from the lack of care immediately after the delivery, since mothers get discharged within few hours after delivery. However efforts will be taken in future researches to assess the consequences of lack of care on neonate’s outcomes.

[Neama abd El Fattah and Nagwa A. Zein El Dein. Assessment of Quality of Nursing Care Provided Immediately After Birth At University Hospital. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2115-2126] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 316

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.316

 

Keywords: quality, immediate care

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Routine Evaluation Conducted on Registered Drugs (RECORD) – Experience of Glimepiride Oral Tablet in Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

 

Ayda Wassfy

 

Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

 

Abstract: Objective Patients were observed for improvement of diabetic symptoms and/or laboratory parameters in the form of improved RBS, FBS, 2 hr postprandial (PP) reduction rate in blood sugar, HbA1c reduction rate, or improvement in lipid profile. Patients were also assessed for the level of diabetes education they had received. Methods Three visits were scheduled for each patient, Baseline visit (visit 1), visit 2 (at 3 months from baseline), and visit 3 (at 6 months from baseline), during which observational data were collected; including patients demographics, diabetes/anti-diabetics history, symptoms & signs of diabetes, diabetes education, concomitant diseases, vital signs, HbA1c, FBG, 2 hr- postprandial & RBG values, lipid profile & creatinine (baseline visit). Changes to anti-diabetic therapy, HbA1c, FBG, 2 hr-postprandial & RBG values were evaluated at 3 & 6 months (visit 2 & 3). Lipid profile and creatinine were evaluated at 6 months. Results: The RECORD study demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the baseline mean RBS level (from 275±86 to 162±43 mg/dl), FBS level (201±60 to 128±32 mg/dl), 2-hr postprandial blood glucose level (282±80 to 172±46 mg/dl) and HbA1c percentage (9.4±2 to 7.4±1.5 %) at the study endpoint (6 months duration), p value < 0.001 after a mean glimepiride daily dose of 2.36 ± 1.04 mg. Diabetic symptoms, especially; polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, numbness/tingling, burning sensation, and visual disorders showed significant improvements throughout the study duration. Glimepiride was well tolerated by the study population, and adverse events (AEs) were reported in 22 (1.35%) patients. All AEs were mild to moderate in intensity, none were serious and all AEs recovered without any sequelae. AEs included headache (8 patients), nausea (5 patients), dizziness (4 patients), diarrhea (3 patients) and hypoglycemia (2 patients). There was no causal relationship of the AEs to the study medication except in 2 patients who experienced hypoglycemia (one graded as mild and the other as moderate). Conclusion Glimepiride therapy in type 2 diabetic patients, showed safe and significant reduction in blood glucose parameters including HbA1c values, with significant improvements in diabetes symptoms over 6 month duration; demonstrating high effectiveness and tolerability among study population.

[Ayda Wassfy. Routine Evaluation Conducted on Registered Drugs (RECORD) – Experience of Glimepiride Oral Tablet in Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2127-2134] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 317

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.317

 

Keywords: Routine Evaluation; Registered Drugs; Glimepiride Oral Tablet; Patient; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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The role of Ectonucleotidases Pathway (CD39/CD73) in Childhood Renal Failure

 

Nahla M Abd-Elaziz1 and Ateyat A Ateya2

 

Department of Clinical Pathology1 and Pediatrics2, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Alazhar University

Nahlashankeer@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background and Aim: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as an irreversible reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In children, CRF may be the result of congenital, acquired, inherited or metabolic renal disease. In addition to progressive injury with ongoing structural/ metabolic genetic diseases, renal injury may progress despite removal of the original insult. The clinical presentation of CRF is quite varied and dependent on the underlying renal disease. Hypoxia is considered as the master factor in the pathogenesis of renal failure. In the last few years, studies have demonstrated the protective anti-inflammatory role of CD39/CD73 molecules pathway during hypoxia. CD39 and CD73 molecules have been described on circulating T lymphocytes, endothelial cells and minimally, expressed on granulocytes. CD39, (ectonucleotidase triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, ENTPD1) is responsible for the conversion of proinflammatory ATP to ADP and AMP whereas CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) converts AMP into adenosine. Adenosine plays a central role in tissue protection via anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory effect. We aimed to assess the role of CD39/CD73 axis in immuno-inflammatory pathogenesis of renal failure. Also, we aimed to define the expression pattern of both phenotypes on circulating T lymphocytes. Patients and method: This cross sectional study was conducted at Al Zahraa University Hospital from December 2011 to May 2012. An informed consent was obtained from parents of all children. The study included twenty children with chronic renal failure, (on regular hemodialysis) and twenty apparently healthy children as control group. The routine laboratory investigations were performed for patients(blood urea, serum createnin,serum alkaline phosphatase and complete blood count).Using flowcytometry, the patients and control groups were investigated for the frequency of CD39 and CD73 T lymphocytes.In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed for patients as inflammatory marker. Results: We found that both CD39% and CD73% of patient group were significantly lower than those of control Group. In patient group, we observed that both CD39% and CD73% were negatively correlated to blood urea.Also,CD73% was negatively correlated to serum createnine.In addition, patient group showed negative correlation between CRP as an inflammatory marker and the percentage of both CD39/CD73.Furthermore, there was negative correlation between CD73% and serum alkaline phosphates. Conclusion: The significant decline in both CD39 and CD73 molecules on patients T lymphocytes confirmed the relation between down modulation of ectonucleotidases and deregulation of renal immunological/inflammatory cascade.Also, the negative correlation between both molecules and blood urea proved that CD39/CD73 pathway can impact renal function.Moreover, the negative relation between CRP and the mean percentages of both phenotypes revealed the protective anti-inflammatory role of the pathway.

[Nahla M Abd-Elaziz and Ateyat A Ateya. The role of Ectonucleotidases Pathway (CD39/CD73) in Childhood Renal Failure. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2135-2140] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 318

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.318

 

Key words: CD39 –CD73 –ectonucleotidases- chronic renal failure

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Antidiabetic and Hypocholesrolemic effect of Different Types of Vinegar in Rats

 

Sahar S.A. Soltan1 and Manal M. E. M. Shehata2

 

1 Department of Home Economics (Nutrition and Food Science), Faculty of Specific Education, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

2Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

ssamsoltan@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Vinegar is a traditional remedy for aliments including diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of vinegar (sugarcane, apple, grape, coconut, artificial and palm vinegar) on serum Biochemical and Histopathological of pancreas and stomach of diabetic rats for 6 weeks at 15% concentration. The results indicated that, all of vinegar caused significant decrease P< 0.05 in glucose, TC, LDL-c and significant increase in HDL cholesterol. Apple vinegar was the most effective to decrease glucose, TC and LDL-c followed by grape, sugarcane, coconut, artificial and palm vinegar. Apple vinegar contained the higher concentration of organic acid and phenolic compound compared to other vinegar. Apple vinegar and grape vinegar were the most effective to decrease liver and kidney function. Administrating 15% vinegar with diet for 6 weeks decrease the food intake and feed efficiency ratio compared to control group. Moreover, administration different types of vinegar showed that no histopathological change in stomach and has protected effect of pancreas from undesirable change in B cells. In conclusion, using the different types of vinegar with diet for 6 weeks have beneficial effects on diabetic rats and have hypocholesterolemic effect. The vinegar did not effect on stomach histopathological structure and have protective effect of pancreas from damage.

[Sahar S.A. Soltan and Manal M. E. M. Shehata. Antidiabetic and Hypocholesrolemic effect of Different Types of Vinegar in Rats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2141-2151] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 319

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.319

 

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Apple vinegar, Grape vinegar, Coconut vinegar, Organic acid in vinegar, Histopathology of pancreas and stomach.

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Efficient Data Gathering in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

 

Mohammad Hossein Anisi, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Shukor Abd Razak

 

Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. anisii@gmail.com

 

Abstract: In Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs), nodes are supplemented with implicit or explicit mechanisms that enable these devices to move in space. The packet loss is one of the main challenges that occur due to mobility of such networks and it comes in parallel with energy consumption. Moreover, data collection with the minimum energy consumption is one of the important issues in wireless sensor networks. In the proposed energy-efficient approach, for maximizing the network lifetime, we benefit both cluster and tree structures for data gathering and we select the most reliable and energy-efficient hops for data forwarding. The simulation results show that by using the proposed approach, lifetime, reliability and the throughput of the network will be increased.

[Anisi MH, Abdullah AH, Razak SA. Efficient Data Gathering in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2152-2157] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 320

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.320

 

Keywords: Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks; Data aggregation; Residual Energy; Reliability

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Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Islamic Republic of Iran's security and of United States of America`s interests

 

Mojahed Amiri, Ali shojaee

 

Safashahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Safashahr, Iran

 

Abstract: Shanghai Cooperation Organization which is initiated from China is an organization that seeks a positive and constructive goal to establish regional cooperation. Establishing the organization in the Caspian region with poor level of regional cooperation can creates a regional convergence. Regional cooperation issue in Caspian Sea is not on the extent and quantity of the mechanism but the quality of cooperation is speaking. Naturally, in this convergent context, regional nations will be strengthened in order to confront global challenges and threats based on continental and regional criteria. Some analysts know SCO as an instrument for China and Russia to prevent American from accessing to the vast resources of energy in the Caspian Sea. Caspian region is considered as an energy source substitute or successor by many political actors, including United States, China, Russia and EU in the future. This issue is related to its dependency to abundant oil reserves in Saudi Arabia and some other OPEC member states make it possible to speed up the exploitation of these resources to some extent. So, in fact the Caspian can become one of the strategic areas of energy in the world. While, the Caspian can be considered not only as an encountering points of great actors` interests and their regional influence but also as a plateau with high cooperation capacity. Cooperation capacity in the Caspian region is initially relates to coordination among the efforts of all countries, including geopolitical players and the coastal countries. This article investigates the importance of Caspian from the points of SCO member states` interests and United States of America on the other hand.

[Mojahed Amiri, Ali shojaee. Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Islamic Republic of Iran's security and of United States of America`s interests. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2158-2164] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 321

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.321

 

Keywords: SCO - Security - Iran - United States of America

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The survey of effective factors on domestic violence - The case study: Neyriz and Estahban cities

 

Mojgan Ghajarieh (corresponding author)

Department of Social science, Neyriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyriz, Iran

Behbood Khademi

Department of Social science, Neyriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyriz, Iran

Masoud Shahsavani

Department of Management, Neyriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyriz, Iran

 

Abstract: Domestic violence is one of the most comprehensive kinds of violence in the world. Study and research on this issue could determine the incidence of these events and its causes. So, the results of such research and studies can be used to find ways to minimize this phenomenon and improve the life of some women tackling it. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the factors influencing domestic violence against women in Neyriz and Estahban cities. For this purpose, a sample of 600 people was chosen from the studied population. After reviewing other studies and a theory related to violence, some hypotheses were raised and tested. The results showed that the variables financial independence, empathy, and behavior control have a relationship with domestic violence and no relationship was confirmed between the variables stereotypical beliefs and social capital with domestic violence.

[Mojgan Ghajarieh, Behbood Khademi, Masoud Shahsavani. The survey of effective factors on domestic violence - The case study: Neyriz and Estahban cities. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2165-2173] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 322

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.322

 

Keywords: Domestic violence; Women; Social capital; Empathy

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Effectiveness of educational programs based on Pender's theory on the health and symptoms in patients with obsessive - compulsive disorder

 

Maryam Radmehr 1; Tahereh Ashktorab2 *; Leila Neisi3

 

1Instructor, Department of nursing and midwifery Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

2Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3Instructor, Department of nursing and midwifery Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

 

Abstract: Introduction: obsessive – compulsive disorder is a chronic disease with prevalence 2% to 3% general community and estimates 40% of society in Iran. Now, research has shown that the cause of many chronic diseases is lifestyle and human behavior and health promoting behavior is one of the best ways by which people can maintain their health and control. The aim of this study is promoting of health lifestyle patients with obsessive - compulsive disorder based on the teachings Pender health promotion theory and its subsequent effects on symptoms disease. Methods: The sample included 8 patients who were eligible under the program of volunteer training Pender health promotion model and were followed for 3 months. Tools used in this research were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and Madsly Inventory to identify symptom obsessive - compulsive disorder. Results: The results showed a significant difference between mean scores of health promoting lifestyle before and after the intervention (p = 0/01) such that educational programs promoting healthy lifestyles increases significantly in the six dimension excluding the responsibility and spirituality. Although the mean scores for symptoms of obsessive - compulsive decreased after the intervention but these differences were not significant (P = 0.054) however, this difference in the scales of doubt -task and revision (P = 0/04) was significant. Discussion: Despite the limitations of existing in this research to generalize the results including small numbers of samples and the lack of control group, however, in conclusion, this study can be primary study the effect of educational program provided by nurses for promoting patients' health with chronic disease, obsessive – compulsive and even reduced some their symptoms.

[Maryam Radmehr; Tahereh Ashktora; Leila Neisi. Effectiveness of educational programs based on Pender's theory on the health and symptoms in patients with obsessive - compulsive disorder. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2174-2180] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 323

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.323

 

Keywords: Pender's theory, obsessive - compulsive disorder, educational programs

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The effect of tow modes of educational intervention on attitude toward cesarean section and vaginal delivery in pregnant women

 

Davoud Shojaezadeh 1, Masumeh Hashemian 2, Zahra Sadat Asadi 3, Vahideh MoghaddamHosseini 4,

Roghaye Javan 5

 

1. Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotin, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2. Corresponding author:Faculty Member, Department of Public Health, Member of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran.Email: hashemian.research@yahoo.com 

3. PhD student in Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4. Faculty Member, Department of nursing and midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Science,Sabzevar, Iran

5. General Practitioner, Health Centre,Sabzevar university of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar,Iran

 

Abstract: The request for cesarean section has increased. According to importance of educational and behavioral intervention, this study performed to determine the effect of tow modes of educational intervention on pregnant women's attitudes toward vaginal delivery and cesarean section. This is quasi experimental and prospective study.Women who were in 3rd trimester of pregnancy selected. Sampling was multistage and purposeful. Case group received planned educational intervention and control group receive routine educational intervention. Questionnaires were filled before and one month after intervention. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive, analytical statistics. Mean age in control group and case group were 24.20(4.73), 23.44(4.9) respectively. There was significant difference between mean score of total attitude between case and control group, after educational intervention. (p<0.05). More studies about attitude and behavioral intervention suggested.

 [Shojaezadeh D, Hashemian M, Asadi ZS, Moghaddam Hosseini V, Javan R. The effect of tow modes of educational intervention on attitude toward cesarean section and vaginal delivery in pregnant women. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2181-2186] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 324

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.324

 

Keywords: attitude, cesarean section, vaginal delivery, educational intervention

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Intein as a Novel Protein Purification Strategy

 

Elahe Seyed Hoseini1, Mahdi Zeinoddini1, Hamed Haddad Kashani2*

 

1Research Center for Sciences and Biotechnology, Lavizan, Tehran. Iran.

2Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

* Corresponding author: B. Barande. Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

 

Abstract: Inteins are parts of proteins that cut themselves out of the whole protein entirely on their own. An important development in the area of recombinant protein purification has been the incorporation of self-cleaving protein elements into a variety of fusion-based purification systems. Inteins appear most frequently in Archaea, but they are found in organisms belonging to all three domains of life and in viral and phage proteins. Most inteins consist of two domains: One is involved in autocatalytic splicing, and the other is an endonuclease that is important in the spread of inteins. This review focuses on the evolution and technical application of inteins and only briefly summarizes recent advances in the study of the catalytic activities and structures of inteins. We further investigated the recent expanded applications of the Express Protein Ligation (EPL) technology in the fields of proteomics and bioimaging. This work is expected to provide a rough outline for the evaluation of these methods for large-scale bioprocessing of a variety of products.

[Elahe Seyed Hoseini, Mahdi Zeinoddini, Hamed Haddad Kashani. Intein as a Novel Protein Purification Strategy. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2187-2195] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 325

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.325

 

Key Words: Intein, Extein, Protein, Self- Splicing, ATPase, DNA

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Patients Perception and Satisfaction of the Ambulance Service (115) at Shahrekord, Iran

 

Mehrdad sharifi1, Shahram Baraz2, Falaheddin Mohammadi3, Monir Ramezani4, Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani5

 

1-Ms, Manager of Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

2-Doctoral Candidate, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

3-Ms, Department of Angiography, Shariati Hospital,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran

4-Doctoral Candidate, Faculty Member of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

5-Ms in Nursing Education, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

safaraliesmaili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The services provided to the patients of pre-hospital emergency center and their satisfactions indicate the quality of pre-hospital emergency services. The goal of this study is to investigate the satisfaction of patients with Ambulance Service services (115) in Shahrekord in the first half of (2012). In this descriptive and analytic study, 450 patients transferred to the hospital by pre-hospital emergency center were chosen using simple random sampling method and data was collected by using satisfaction evaluation questionnaire. The information obtained under SPSS software version 16 was analyzed by statistical descriptive test, independent t test, variance analysis test and Pierson Correlation test. The findings showed that satisfaction level with pre-hospital emergency services in men, low-educated people, married people, those with the record of using emergency services and those with emergency problems was significantly higher than others. Satisfaction level in all fields was above 50% and was totally 71.12. The highest level of satisfaction was for the efficiency of emergency center (58, 78) and the lowest level of satisfaction in the questions was for the performance of technicians (58, 73). Patients' satisfaction with emergency services and their quality is considered as one of the main concepts in pre-hospital emergency procedures, in the manner that the results of this study showed that patients' satisfaction in different fields were high and satisfactory and the technicians should allocate much more time for interaction with patients in order to improve their satisfaction.

[sharifi M, Baraz S, Mohammadi F, ramezani R, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Patients Perception and Satisfaction of the Ambulance Service (115) at Shahrekord, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2196-2201] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 326

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.326

 

Keywords: Satisfaction; Pre-hospital Emergency; Quality of Services

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Epidemiologic of Winter Sports Injuries in the Tube Riding Track of Kohrang City, Shahrekord, Iran

 

Fatemeh Ghani Dehkordi1, Faramarz kooshesh2, Hamdallah Alinajad3, Padideh Malekpour4, Heidar Ali Abedi5, Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani6

 

1- PhD Nursing Student, Faculty Member, Bushehr University of medical sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

2- Bushehr University of medical sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

3-Ms in Nursing, Social Security Organization, Emam Reza Hospital, Urmia, Iran.

4-Msc in Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran.

5- BSc, MSc, PhD in Nursing, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

6-Ms in Nursing Education, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

safaraliesmaili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Winter sports are fun and exciting and at the same time may be quite risky. Injuries and damages increase if environment, tools and equipments are not standard or athletes are not sufficiently skilled. Tube riding is one of winter sports. Because of a tube rider does not have any control over tube speed, route guidance and does not brake and stop, As a result of injuries in tube riding is very high. This study aims that the epidemiologic investigation of injuries caused by tube riding in the track of Kohrang city in 2009. In this retrospective census study data collected by using the mission records and available documents in the emergency station (115) of Kohrang city, in winter 2009. Total performed missions of the station from June 22, 2009 (no earlier statistics were available in that station) to March 20, 2010 included 216 missions, 183 missions were nonrelated to the tube riding track and 33 cases included those who had been injured in the tube riding track. The injuries caused by tube riding had occurred on Thursdays and Fridays of November, December and January months (on non-vacations days the track is closed). The injuries had all been injured at the tube riding track and the skiing track had no injured person during that year. Of the total 33 people who had been injured at the tube riding track, 15 were women and 18 were men within the age range of 8 to 52 years old. 6 head traumas, one femoral fracture, one facial trauma and nose fracture, 1 chest and sternum trauma, 8 hand traumas, 5 multiple traumas, and 3 lower organs traumas had been recorded. Considering the large number of injured people and the fact that 15% of the missions of that station had been performed only within 24 days of the year (Thursdays and Fridays of November, December and January months), it seems necessary to make managements to reduce the injuries caused by tube riding. Moreover, it is recommended that the information of injured people and those who refer to the clinic is recorded completely and exactly.

 [Ghani Dehkordi F, kooshesh F, Alinajad H, Malekpour P, Abedi HA, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Epidemiologic of Winter Sports Injuries in the Tube Riding Track of Kohrang City, Shahrekord, Iran.. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2202-2205] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 327

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.327

 

Keywords: Epidemiology, Tube Riding, Kohrang City, Winter Sports

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The Relation between Self-Citation and Impact Factor in Medical Science Open Access Journals in ISI & DOAJ Databases

 

Roudabeh Torabian1, Alireza Heidari2, Maryam Shahrifar3, Esmail Khodadi4, Safar Ali Esmaeile Vardanjani5

 

1-Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran.

2- Shahrekord University, ShahreKord, Iran.

3-Mrc, Islamic Azad University Urmia, Iran.

4- Ms in Nursing, Social Security Organization, Emam Reza Hospital, Urmia, Iran.

5-Ms in Nursing Education, ShahreKord University of medical sciences, ShahreKord, Iran.

safaraliesmaili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Citation is one of the important elements in scientific literature which has a significant role in information production and generation. Self-citation is a part of citation behavior. Relying on their articles, journals can change the number of citations and consequently the level of journal impact factor. This research aims at investigating the relation between self-citation and impact factor in the open access journals indexed in ISI and DOAJ in medical science in 2007-08. In this research, indexes such as the relation between self-citation of journal and impact factor and the effect of self-citation rate of the journal in open access performance are investigated. Research method is an analytical method conducted by using citation analysis technique. SPSS statistical software was used to examine and analyze the data and its inferential analysis methods such as Pierson Factor were used as well. Statistical society includes 168 journals. The results showed a self-citation rate of 28% for the journal. The findings indicate that there is a significant relation between self-citation and impact factor. After omitting self-citation, the level of self-citation in the performance of journals showed that 60% of the titles in the medical science experienced ranking increase, 27% experienced ranking decrease and 13% remained unchanged.

[Torabian R, Heidari A, Shahrifar M, Khodadi E, Esmaeile Vardanjani SA. The Relation between Self-Citation and Impact Factor in Medical Science Open Access Journals in ISI & DOAJ Databases. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2206-2209] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 328

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.328

 

Keywords: Citation, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Journal Self-citation, Impact Factor, Medical Science

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Solid-State Fermentation for The Production of Dextran from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Its Cytotoxic Effects

 

Tarek A. A. Moussa1, 2* and Neveen M. Khalil2

 

1Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science (North Jeddah), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, 2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.

tarekmoussa@yahoo.com.

 

Abstract: Maximum yield of dextran was obtained when using ground date seeds. Different concentrations of date seeds were applied and the highest dextran production was achieved at 6 g/flask. Extraction of dextran was carried out using ethanol. The molecular weight of the purified dextran was 67 kDa by GPC. Spectral analysis showed that dextran contains D-glucose units in a linear chain with consecutive α-(1,6) linkages. The melting temperature (Tm) was 70.56oC, and the value of ΔH was -290.57 mJ, as determined by DSC analysis. The TGA clearly showed the thermal stability of purified dextran. The analysis showed three stages of degradation process. An initial loss of about 0.577 mg (2.17%) weight occurred at 30-75°C, second loss of about 0.822 mg (3.1%) weight occurred at 75-125°C and the third loss of about 0.427 mg (1.61%) weight occurred at 125-175°C. Surface morphology of dextran using scanning electron microscopy showed dextran has a crystalline form which is attributed to the presence of hydroxyl groups which increase crystallinity of dextran, also, dextran showed a compact structure characterized by transversal arrangement which reflects brittleness of dextran and seems to have a porous structure. The cytotoxicity assays on human normal melanocytes (HFB 4) revealed no toxic effect. However, a clear decrease in cell survival was observed in case of human liver carcinoma (HEPG 2) and cervical carcinoma (HELA) tumor cell lines.

[Tarek A. A. Moussa and Neveen M. Khalil. Solid-State Fermentation for The Production of Dextran from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Its Cytotoxic Effects. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2210-2218] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 329

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.329

 

Key words: solid state fermentation; agricultural wastes; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; dextran; FT-IR; antitumor.

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The Nutritional Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Pre and Post Different Modulates of Treatment

 

Thanaa. A. El-kholy1; Hatim Ali Al Abbadi2; A.K.Alghamidi3; Hesah Al- Qahtani4; Morooj Al- Abya4 and Noha Mujalli4.

 

Departments of 1Clinical Nutrition, 3Medical Microbiology and 4Internship Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Applied Medical Science King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

 2Consultant General Surgeon, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Director of Experimental Surgery Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center

telkholy@kau.edu.sa; thanaelkholy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background and Objective: The nutritional status of oncological patients has become a subject of growing scientific interest because of its prognostic significance and the resulting therapeutic possibilities. Colorectal cancer ranks the third highest in cancer incidence and fourth in cancer mortality in both sexes combined worldwide. The role of dietary and other lifestyle factors in colorectal cancer recurrence and survival is largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the extent of malnutrition in pre and post operative or other treatments of colorectal cancer patients. Methods: A cross- sectional descriptive study was carried out among (30) Patients, (17) males (56.7%) while the other (13) females (43.3%) at King Abdul Aziz University Hospital (KAUH) with diagnosed colorectal cancer to be included in the study at their first visit to the outpatient Surgery and Oncology department between October 2011 and April 2012 were included in a retrospective review of the patients’ medical record. Patients were enrolled consecutively from outpatients 2–4 weeks prior to surgery for study. Demographics characteristics including performance status (PS), assessments included weight history, body mass index (BMI), and percentage of weight loss. Laboratory investigations includes blood analysis, U&E (urine and electrolyte) and albumin,also the CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) as a diagnostic tool Cancer staging and hospital length of stay were recorded, nutritional status and assigning the level of risk for malnutrition by, using Simple Screening tool for Malnutrition (SSM), were collected and correlated with different modulates of treatment. Results: Majority of patients (83.33%) have the tumor in the colon while only (16.66%) in the rectum. About (43.33%) treated with both Surgery and chemotherapy while (26.66%) surgery only, (13.33%) received only chemotherapy;(13.33%) received a combination of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, and only (3.33%) treated with both Surgery and Radiotherapy. Malnutrition was defined by full nutritional assessment in the participating patients using SSM which revealed that 21 of the 30 patients (70%) were malnourished before treatment and 20 patients (66.6%) after treatment. SSM had high sensitivity and specificity indeticting in patients with colorectal cancer. Declining nutritional status of the patients as seen in serum albumin before and after treatment for all participants which was below reference value of (30.75±0.14 and 29.95±1.93) respectively. The Mean ±SD weight loss (unintentional weight loss) was in male patients (13.61±1.83kg) less than females (15.05±1.75kg). The duration for a unintential weight loss was (50% of participate) had through 3 months; (16. 7 %) after 6 months and (16.7%) had change during one year. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer Patients does have a real nutritional problem that surely can influence their disease course and length of hospital stay after surgery and long duration of receiving other treatment. Most patients with malignancies are considered to be at risk for malnutrition, and therefore require further nutritional support. Nutritional screening would be beneficial in this group preoperatively to identify weight-losing patients at an early stage in the care pathway when they initially enter the secondary care system. Screening (SSM) for malnutrition in cancer patients is a valid simple approach to define cancer patients for nutritional care. More patients regard themselves in need for nutritional counseling than the number of patients really achieving any.

[Thanaa. A. El-kholy; Hatim Ali Al Abbadi; A.K.Alghamidi; Hesah Al- Qahtani; Morooj Al- Abya and Noha Mujalli. The Nutritional Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Pre and Post Different Modulates Of Treatment. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2219-2230] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 330

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.330

 

Keywords: Colorectal Cancer; Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, malnutrition; weight loss, SSM.

 

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Investigation of income smoothing using extraordinary items in firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange

 

Mehdi Arabi !, Shahrokh Bozorgmehrian 2, Fatemeh Yademellat 3

 

 1. Department of Accounting. Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran

2.. Department of Accounting. Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran

3.Msc. Student(Persion GuLf International Education unit), Khorramshahr.Iran

sharokh2076@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:The purpose of this research is to investigate the informational content of extraordinary items and its effect on income smoothing for firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange. Income smoothing is defined as management basic interfering in reducing the income’s periodic fluctuations. The research data have analyzed using a sample including 96 firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange for a 7 years period (2003-2009). Ordinary least square regression (OLS), scattering coefficient and determine coefficient models were used for hypothesizes testing. The obtained results suggested that the income smoothing using extraordinary items exists in the under study firms. Also the results revealed that the extraordinary items don’t increase the income’s informational content.

[Mehdi Arabi, Shahrokh Bozorgmehrian, Fatemeh Yademellat. Investigation of income smoothing using extraordinary items in firms accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2231-2236] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 331

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.331

 

Keywords: income smoothing, income management, extraordinary items, income before extraordinary

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Posttraumatic growth, Anxiety, Depression of Stroke Survivors

 

Zhang zhenxiang 1, Yang Yaping 1, Wei ruili 2, Li Juan 3, Lin Beilei 1

 

1. Nursing College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China

3. The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

zhangzx6666@126.com

 

Abstract Objective Although some previous studies have suggested that posttraumatic growth (PTG) is comprised of several factors with different properties, few have examined both the association between PTG and anxiety, depression.This study aimed to investigate the status of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic growth among stroke patients, and to study the relationship between them. Method This cross-sectional study was performed with 200(190 was effective) stroke survivors at different months post stroke. Data analyzed included self-reporting questionnaire scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS), which is one of the most widely used scales for measuring the level of anxiety, depression.Correlations between scores on the PTGI and anxiety subscale, the PTGI and depression subscale, and they were established by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficients. Result The mean score of the anxiety subscale, depression subscale and PTGI were 6.32±4.39, 7.17±4.59, and 58.10±13.723. Anxiety and depressive symptoms in stroke patients were inversely correlated to PTGI, and the correlative coefficient were r=-0.196, P<0.05r=-0.286, P<0.01. New possibility, personal strength, appreciation of life and spiritual change on the PTGI were correlated negatively with anxiety and depression symptoms. Relating to others had no significance correlated with anxiety. Conclusion The post-traumatic growth was common in patients with stroke, and anxiety, depression had a negative impacts on it. The nursing should assess the positive psychological changes, and guide patients to adjust the changes, thus the patients' rehabilitation could be promoted.

[Zhenxiang Z, Yaping Y, Ruili W, Juan L, Beilei L. Posttraumatic growth, Anxiety, Depression of Stroke Survivors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2237-3340] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 332

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.332

 

Keywords: Stroke; anxiety; depression; posttraumatic growth

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A Special Biological Evaluation for Some Food Industrial Wastes

 

Rasha M E Bhnsawy and Fadl E. El-Deeb*

 

Special Foods Department, Food Tech. Res. Inst., Agric. Res.Center, Giza, Egypt.

*Home Economics Dep. Fac. Specific Education, Domietta, Mansoura University, Egypt.

fadldeeb@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: It has been thought that gastric ulcer medication is associated a sort of contradiction to that of hypercholesterolemia. However, additional antioxidant nutrient intervention trials in populations have established an effect relationship from these findings. The boiological role of antioxidant content in three most common juse industrial wastes have been implicated in this complicated health issue, ie, the combined health complication therapy of hypercholestrolemia and stomach ulcer. This applying dietary therapy was explored using a 45 rats in nine experimental groups system. This orange (OP), apple (AP) and pomegranate (PP) peel wastes were examened for their content of special antioxidants acts againest substances that inevitably lead to oxidative stress hoping that these compounds, or some of them, can support the antioxidant defense and thereby reduce the damaging caused by either a single one or both together these diseases. The peels analysis showed more crude protein in OP, relatively higher both fat and CHO in AP, mainwhile PP contains more fat, ash and had more total polyphenols. In contrast, orange has much more vitamins A, E and β–Carotene. Concrning the other antioxidant nutrients, such as the polyphenols fractions namly p. coumaric, caffien, caumarin, cinnamic, naringinin, syringic and pyrogallol were found in OP that was effective as a mild hypocholestrolimic dietary agent. More pyrogallol in addition to caffic acid, P. OH benzoic, vanillic and chlorogenic were currently more shown in PP, which appears more significant againest ulceration. Apple is only good sourse for ferulic acid and salycilic which are absence in OP and make almost their 50% in PP and appeared of relatively less bioactive food treatment. In this evaluation of food industrial waste intervention againest ulceration and cholestrolemia the response included volume (V), the pH value, total acidity of gastric juice maintains the ulcer index (mm) of gastric juice using PP, while the influence of OP on serum total cholesterol level can be contributed to the whole antioxidant sbstances existed in this food waste fraction. Excluding the vitamins and antioxidant nutrients, polyphenols fractions noticed for each peel may play the main intervention role and a special mixer of OP and PP might became a respectable food therapy or ulternative therapy in case of such clinicl chomplication.

[Rasha M E Bhnsawy and Fadl E. El-Deeb. A Special Biological Evaluation for Some Food Industrial Wastes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2241-2249] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 333

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.333

 

Keywords: antioxidants, polyphenols, Gastric ulcer, cholesterolemia.

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The Response of Replacement of the Yellow Corn with Cull Dates as a Source of Energy on the Productive Performance of Kids Goats

 

Abd El-Rahman1, H.H; Abedo, A.A.1, El-Nomeary, Y.A.1, Shoukry, M.M1 Mohamed, M.I.

and Mona S. Zaki2

 

1 Animal Production Department, National Research Center. Dokki, Giza, Egypt

2 Hydrobiology Department, National Research Center. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Hshm_abdelrahman@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with cull dates (CD) on the performance of growing kids. Twelve male kids aged 6 months with an average body weight 16.5 kg + 0.25 kg were placed in individual pens and fed with four levels of replacement of corn grain by CD (0, 50, 75 and 100%) during 90 days. Daily live-weight gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion were evaluated. Amino acid of corn grain and cull dates were determined. A digestibility trial was conducted to determine the digestibility coefficients and nutritive value of the tested ration. Rumen parameters were also measured. Results obtained showed that CP, CF and EE contents in four rations were nearly similar. The DM intake of group 4 was higher than the other tested rations. Results of digestibility trial indicated that the difference between all tested rations were not significant. The TDN of 100% cull dates showed insignificant higher than that of the three other groups, concerning the DCP, the control ration showed the highest value compared with the other tested rations. Concerning weight gain, animal fed ration (4) recorded highest gain (105 g) followed by control group (102 g). The group (2) recorded the lowest value (90 g). Ruminal total volatile fatty acids values were significantly higher for goats fed 100% cull dates than control group. Ammonia-nitrogen of treatment 3 (75%) cull dates was higher than values of other groups. In conclusion, group 4 (100% cull dates) could be used to improve animal performance of kids goats without any adverse effect.

[Abd El-Rahman, H.H.; Abedo, A.A., El-Nomeary, Y.A., Shoukry, M.M., Mohamed, M.I. and Mona S. Zaki. The Response of Replacement of the Yellow Corn with Cull Dates as a Source of Energy on the Productive Performance of Kids Goats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2250-2255] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 334

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.334

 

Key words: Replacement; Yellow; Corn; Energy; Productive Performance; Kid; Goat

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Tissue Doppler Imaging Versus Conventional Echocardiography In Evaluation Of Diastolic Function In Diabetic Patients

 

Febe E. Shaker1*, Khaled Elkhashab1, Hany Younan1, Mohamed A. Mashahit2*

 

1Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University.

2Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University.

drfoba_ezzat@yahoo.com, mashahit@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: modifications and medical interventions could prevent or delay the subsequent development of heart failure in Diabetic patients. Conventional echocardiography was used to screen for and diagnose left ventricular diastolic dysfunction-LVDD- but the results was not satisfactory and underestimate the magnitude of LVDD due to the pseudonormal pattern in grade 2 diastolic dysfunction. Tissue Doppler imaging is considered a better non invasive and more accurate screening modality. The work aimed a comparing tissue Doppler imaging to conventional Echocardiography in diagnosing diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients. Patients and methods forty diabetic patients and 20 age matched volunteers – as a control group – were included in this study individuals with IHD,HTN cardiomyopathy or any obvious liver or renal disease were excluded – blood sugar, lipid profile, ECG, conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging were done for all individuals. Results 22 of the 40 diabetic patients had diastolic dysfunction compared to only one of the control group and from those 22 with diastolic dysfunction 13 was diagnosed by both conventional echo and TDI, 1 patient diagnosed only by conventional echo, while 8 patients were diagnosed by TDI and the superiority of TDI in diagnosing LVDD compared to conventional Echocardiography was statistically significant. Also there was a liner correlation between duration of diabetes and the presence of LVDD that was statistically significant. Conclusion diabetics especially with longer disease duration are more prone to have diastolic dysfunction even with normal EF and FS and TDI is a better non invasive method in assessing diastolic dysfunction compared to the conventional Echocardiography.

[Febe E. Shaker, Khaled Elkhashab, Hany Younan, Mohamed A. Mashahit. Tissue Doppler Imaging Versus Conventional Echocardiography In Evaluation Of Diastolic Function In Diabetic Patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2256-2262] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 335

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.335

 

Keywords: Echocardiograpy - Tissue Doppler imaging Diastolic dysfunction Diabetes; chemical components.

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Serological and Molecular Typing of Clostriduim Perfringens and Its Toxins Recovered from Weaned Rabbit’s Flocks in Egypt

 

Khelfa D. E. -D. G., Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany, Heba M. Salem and Khelfa D. E. -D. G.

 

Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza -12211, Egypt

wafaa.ghany@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was carried out for serological and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and its toxins recovered from apparently healthy, diseased and dead weaned rabbits, as well as their feed and water. Identified 42 C. perfringens organisms representing 35 from rabbits and 7 from feed and water were subjected for determination of toxigenicity by intravenous inoculation (I/V) in Swiss mice. Toxigenic C. perfringens organisms were typed serologically using Nagler's test, dermonecrotic reaction in albino Guinea pigs and toxin antitoxin serum neutralization test (SNT) in Swiss mice. For confirmation of serological results, detection of alpha gene of C. perfringens was done using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by using of multiplex PCR to detect the toxin’s types. Distribution of different C. perfringens types of surveyed rabbit’s farms at different Egyptian governorate was carried out. In addition, the in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity of different C. perfringens types against different antimicrobial agents was performed. The results showed that 34 (97.14%) of C. perfringens recovered from rabbits were toxigenic, while 1.0 (2.86%) was none. Four out of 6 (66.66%) C. perfringens isolates from feed was toxigenic and 2 (33.33%) isolates was non-toxigenic. Only one (100%) C. perfringens isolate from water was toxigenic. Identical proving results were obtained using serological typing tests. Single and mixed types of toxigenic C. perfringens constituted 17 out of 35 (48.57%) for each, whereas only one type was none (2.86%). Single C. perfringens was representing 8 (22.85%) type A, 3 (8.57%) type B, 4 (11.43%) type D and 2 (5.71%) type E, whereas mixed types were 11 (31.42%) types (A and D), 2 (5.71%) types (A and E) and 4 (11.42%) types (B and D). Four C. perfringens isolates from feed was 3 type A (50%) and 1.0 type D (16.6%). The only C. perfringens isolate from water was type A (100%). Conventional PCR proved detection of alpha gene of C. perfringens, whereas multiplex PCR proved that C. perfringens type (A) was positive for alpha toxin at 324 base pair (bp), type (B) was positive for alpha toxin at (324 bp), beta toxin at (196 bp) and epsilon toxin at (655 bp), type (D) was positive for alpha toxin at (324 bp) and epsilon toxin at (655 bp) while type (E) was positive for alpha toxin at (324 bp) and iota toxin at (446 bp). The result of distribution of different C. perfringens types at different Egyptian governorate was recorded. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of single or mixed types of identified C. perfringens revealed sensitivity to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and ampicillin and resistance to colistine, erythromycin and lincomycine.

[Khelfa D. E. -D. G., Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany, Heba M. Salem and Khelfa D. E. -D. G. Serological and Molecular Typing of Clostriduim Perfringens and Its Toxins Recovered from Weaned Rabbit’s Flocks in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2263-2271] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 336

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.336

 

Keywords: Weaned rabbits; Clostridium species; Egypt; Serotyping; PCR; Sensitivity test.

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Recent Status of Clostridial Enteritis Affecting Early Weaned Rabbits in Egypt

 

Khelfa D. E. -D. G., Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany, Heba M. Salem and Khelfa D. E. -D. G.

 

Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza -12211, Egypt

wafaa.ghany@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A surveillance study for diagnosis of Clostridial enteritis affecting early weaned rabbits was carried out on eight Egyptian governorates. Diagnosis based on history, clinical examination, palpation, post-mortem lesions, histopathological examination, as well as isolation of different Clostridial species (spp.) causing Clostridial enteritis. Two samples representing rectal swabs, liver and intestine were collected from each examined rabbits. A total of 718 samples expressing 329 surveyed rabbits (95 apparently healthy, 204 clinically affected and 30 freshly dead ones). Equal number (19) of feed and water samples were collected from each surveyed farm. All the samples were subjected for Clostridial isolation and spp. identification after cultural and biochemical characterization. Tissue samples from liver and intestine of freshly dead rabbits were subjected for histopathological examination. Results revealed that, the most prevalent observed signs were severe diarrhea, bloat accompanied with variable mortalities. Post-mortem lesions were severe enteritis and typhlitis with different degrees of necrosis and hemorrhages associated with gaseous contents. Both kidneys and livers showed congestion and enlargement with peripheral hepatic necrosis. The rate of isolation of Clostridial spp. recovered from 756 rabbits, feed and water samples was 311 (41.13%). Only 135 (41.03%) out of 329 examined rabbits was positive for Clostridial spp. that was distributed as the following; 109 (80.74%) exhibited single Clostridial spp., 4 (2.96%) showed mixed infection with more than one Clostridial spp. and 22 (16.29%) were un-typable. From 135 positive Clostridial spp.; Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), C. tertium, C. sporogenes, C. bifermentans, C. septicum and C. difficile were recovered as 35 (25.92%), 32 (23.70%), 19 (14.07%), 14 (10.37%), 5 (3.70%) and 4 (2.96%), respectively. Mixed types (C. perfringens and C. tertium) were represented as 2 (1.48%), (C. perfringens and C. sporogenes) 1 (0.74%) as well as (C. perfringens and C. difficile) 1 (0.74%). Seven (18.42%) out of 38 examined feed and water samples was positive for Clostridial spp. where C. perfringens was the only Clostridial spp. that isolated at a rate of 6/19 (31.57%) from feed and 1.0/19 (5.26%) from water samples. The distribution of Clostridial spp. among surveyed rabbit’s farms at different Egyptian governorates was detected. On histopathological examination, fibrosis in the portal area of liver as well as infiltration with inflammatory cells, and also diffuse inflammatory cells, oedema and necrosis was observed in intestines.

[Khelfa D. E. -D. G., Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany, Heba M. Salem and Khelfa D. E. -D. G. Recent Status of Clostridial Enteritis Affecting Early Weaned Rabbits in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2272-2279] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 337

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.337

 

Keywords: Weaned rabbits; Enteritis; Clostridium species; Egypt.

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Determination of Factors Affecting on Risk Incidence in State’s Civil Projects: Case Study of Tehran and Zanjan Provinces

 

1*Arshad Farahmandian, 2Ali Medghalchi, 3Davood Gharakhani

 

1*Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Email: farahmandyan@yahoo.com

2Department of Civil Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

3Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Improper designing, technological complexities, higher number of organizations and individuals involving in a project, diversity of the required specialties and extensive scope of the activities are among the reasons cause the state’s civil project not to be completed within the time and cost as determined initially. So, the application of a well-organized system to optimize the investment in the civil project seems inevitable. The optimization procedures which cause the project to be completed within the initial time and cost may play a key role to eliminate the adverse and negative effects of the above-mentioned factors. This research is intended to examine the effect of application of risk management on elimination of such problems. According to the results, the contracting companies working in Zanjan and Tehran provinces have sometimes applied the techniques of project management and different factors such as the lack of adequate arrangement specifically, in Zanjan province, too many errors in feasibility and designing phases, contradiction and changes of regulations, variations and economic as well as political crises and disregard of project management standards are among main issues affecting on risk incidence in civil projects.

[Arshad Farahmandian, Ali Medghalchi, Davood Gharakhani. Determination of Factors Affecting on Risk Incidence in State’s Civil Projects: Case Study of Tehran and Zanjan Provinces. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2280-2294] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 338

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.338

 

Keywords: Risk Management, Civil Projects, Inadequacies & Problems of the Projects

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Abuse of Selected Psychoactive Stimulants: Overview and Future Research Trends

 

Bahaa-eldin E. A. Rahim1, Rashad Alsanosi2, Umar Yagoub1, M.S. Mahfouz3 and Yahya M. Solan4

 

 1Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2Substance Abuse Research Center, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

 3Department of Family & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

4Administration of Primary Healthcare, Directorate of Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

babdelrahimelwali@jazanu.edu.sa

 

Abstract: To date, a large and growing body of research has addressed the effect of various substances abuse from different medical and clinical psychological aspects. However, research on the behavioral and cognitive effects of abusing of particular psycho-stimulants including Khat, non-prescribed amphetamine and rejuvenated method of tobacco smoking i.e. waterpipe (shisha) on human subjects is not that extensive. This review aimed at gathering recent scientific literature on addiction influence of selected psychoactive substances (namely Khat, tobacco and amphetamine) to human and community health. Considerable research studies have been done so far on prevalence of Khat chewing and effects of tobacco (mainly on cigars smoking) highlighting the addictive nature and associated health problems. On contrast, there is a substantial knowledge gap regarding the neurobehavioral effects of non-prescribed amphetamine drugs and amphetamine-type stimulant (Khat) on human neurobehavioral performance which in turn might shed the light on themes for future research trends. The literature reports that the prevalence of these substances is alarmingly high among nations of Arab and African horn as a part of their cultural and habitual behavior. However due to the recent scattering of these nations worldwide, the issue of these substances becomes of global concern. The review attempts to extract lessons learned from previous studies and briefly summarized various aspects of the medical and psychological effects of using such stimulants on human health with much emphasis on cognitive and behavioral deficits. Chemistry, toxicity, general pharmacology of the reviewed psycho-stimulants together with the lessons learned and associated future research trends are also presented.

[Rahim BEA, Alsanosi R, Yagoub U, Mahfouz MS, Solan Y. Abuse of Selected Psychoactive Stimulants: Overview and Future Research Trends. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2295-2308] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 339

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.339

 

Keywords: Substance Abuse; Khat; Tobacco; Amphetamine; Waterpipe (Shisha); Psychosis

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Construction and Characterization of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library from the Huoyan Goose

 

Peng Fei Hu†, Xiang Chen Li†, Xian Wei Chen, Wei Jun Guan, Yue Hui Ma

 

Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

† These authors contributed equally to this work

weijunguan301@gmail.com & yuehui_ma@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Huoyan goose is a famous Chinese local breed for its egg productivity. In this study, a bacterial artificial chromosome library of the Huoyan goose was successfully established using the Hind III site of the vector pBeloBAC11, comprising of 115, 200 clones arrayed in 543, 384 well microplates, with an average insert size of 102 kb and the content of the library was 11.4 genome equivalents, which yielded a theoretical probability of 99.93% for isolating a particular DNA sequence. BAC clones of the library were stable in the bacterial host for at least 100 passages.

[Hu PF, Li XC, Chen XW, Guan WJ, Ma YH. Construction and Characterization of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library from the Huoyan Goose. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2309-2312] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 340

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.340

 

Keywords: Bacterial artificial chromosome library; Huoyan goose; genomic DNA

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The impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance

 

1Javad Mehrabi, 2*Davood Gharakhani, 3Arshad Farahmandian

 

1Assistant Professor, Department of Public Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

2*Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

3Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm performance. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey of star-rated hotels in Iran and a total of 100 valid responses were received. The hypothesis was tested by employing structural equation modelling with a maximum likelihood estimation option. It was found that CSR could enhance performance. This paper is one of the first to examine the effects of CSR on business performance. The empirical evidence from Iran adds to the existing literature on the respective importance of CSR. The main limitations include the use of cross-sectional data, the subjective measurement of performance and the uniqueness of the research setting (Iran).

[Javad Mehrabi, Davood Gharakhani, Arshad Farahmandian. The impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2313-2318] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 341

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.341

 

Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, organizational performance, Iran.

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Study of the behaviors of Prophets from the viewpoints of the Holy Koran and the Holy Bible

 

Ensiyeh Sadat Mousavi, holder of Master’s Degree in the field of Theologies and Islamic Knowledge, the Holy Koran and Hadith Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

 

Abstract: Making use of their different behaviors including honesty, firmness, eloquence, diction and their other behaviors as well as their different methods such as relinquishment, waiting, dispute, emotional and other methods, the prophets succeeded in leading the deeply ignorant and enslaved man towards perfection and humane peaks so that he/she know his/her responsibility under any circumstances. Under any circumstances, heavenly prophets fulfilled their religious responsibility, but they were never infatuated by terrestrial and natural beauties. They also underlined vindication and its presentation.

[Ensiyeh Sadat Mousavi. Study of the behaviors of Prophets from the viewpoints of the Holy Koran and the Holy Bible. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2319-2325] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 342

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.342

 

Keywords: Honesty, Firmness, non-expectance, eloquence, relinquishment, expectation, dispute, emotional.

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The Role of Glucose–Insulin–Potassium on ST Resolution in Acute Myocardial Infarction; A randomized clinical trial

 

Kazem Hasanpour1, Arash Akaberi2, Maryam Hashemian1*

 

1 Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Research Center of Natural Products Safety and Medicinal Plants, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

 

* Correspondence: Maryam Hashemian, Department of Cardiology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Tel: +985714446070 Email: hashemian3@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:Background: The effects of glucose–insulin–potassium in the treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction are controversial. We aimed to evaluate the effect of this solution on ST segment resolution which is an early noninvasive marker of coronary reperfusion. Methods: From September 2008 to July 2009, this randomized clinical trial enrolled 74 patients who had myocardial infarction that was treated with 25% glucose, 50 unit of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mille mol of potassium chloride per liter at 1 ml/kg/hour (case group) or normal saline (control group) as adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in Sabzevar, Iran. ST-segment resolution was defined as complete (>70%), partial (30% to 70%), or none (<30%) and absent (<50%) or present (≥50%). Results: No difference was present between groups in ST-segment resolution (p=0.8). There was no difference in the rate of complete ST-segment resolution between groups at 120 min (P=NS). Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in patients who had complete ST-segment elevation resolution (44.6± 7.4%) than others (40.9± 9.2 %and 35.0± 9.2%). Conclusion: ST-segment resolution was similar in groups. A more degree of ST-segment elevation resolution was correlated with better ejection fraction.

[Kazem Hasanpour, Arash Akaberi, Maryam Hashemian. The Role of Glucose–Insulin–Potassium on ST Resolution in Acute Myocardial Infarction; A randomized clinical trial. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2326-2329] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 343

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.343

 

Keywords: Glucose; insulin; potassium; Myocardial Infarction; electrocardiography

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Evaluation of 8-hydroxylquinoline physiological effect and Genotoxicity on Paramisgurnus dabryanus using hepatase activity and comet assay

 

Ping Nan, Shuaiguo Yan, Jianjun Chen, Li Li, Qiyan Du, Zhongjie Chang*

 

(Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46#, Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China)

*For correspondence. Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46#, Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.

Telephone number: +86-0373-3326553. E-mail: changzhongjie@tom.com

The e-mail addresses of all authors:

Ping Nan: nanspring@sohu.com, Shuaiguo Yan: yanshuaiguo@163.com, Jianjun Chen: 13613734072@163.com, Li Li: lizzie406@163.com, Qiyan Du: duqiyan09@tom.com, Zhongjie Chang: changzhongjie@tom.com

 

Abstract: With economic development and industrialization, vast genotoxic chemicals were produced and distributed in the environment. As an important industrial raw material, 8-hydroxylquinoline (8-HOQ) has been used in a wide variety of industrial circle. Therefore, human beings and other organisms, especially aquatic organisms might be exposed to these drugs and would have health risks. This study was a preliminary step to evaluate the toxicity effect of 8-hydroxylquinoline (8-HOQ) on Paramisgurnus dabryanus through using the methods of acute toxicity test, hepatase activity and comet assay. The results indicated that 8-HOQ had obvious toxicity effect on Paramisgurnus dabryanus. With the increase of the treatment-concentration and -time of 8-HOQ, the hepatic GPT and GOT activity of Paramisgurnus dabryanus were decreased obviously. Meanwhile, three comet parameters of hepatocyte were increased significantly, and there was significant difference between control group and each treatment group (p<0.05). These results suggest that 8-HOQ may become toxic chemical contaminant in environment and threaten aquatic and other organism health.

[Ping Nan, Shuaiguo Yan, Jianjun Chen, Li Li, Qiyan Du, Zhongjie Chang, Evaluation of 8-hydroxylquinoline physiological effect and Genotoxicity on Paramisgurnus dabryanus using hepatase activity and comet assay. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2330-2335] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 344

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.344

 

Keywords Paramisgurnus dabryanus, 8-hydroxylquinoline, GOT, GPT, comet assay

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Preservation of Cultural Resources By Development of Tourism

 

Katayon Fahimi

 

PhD Student of Urban and Regional Planning, UPm University, Malaysia

Rainy.girl56@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In order to plan, develop, and manage tourism, economic, cultural-social, and cultural factors should be taken into account. Tourism bears positive and negative impacts on the environment and its own domain, and the environment may be effective on tourism procedure. The results of tourists’ presence possess notable importance in the world, and at the micro level in Iran. This is notable in a way that the presence of tourists results in the emergence of positive and negative economic, cultural-social, environmental, infrastructural, and managerial impacts in the world and specifically in Iran. But what bears high significance in this paper is to study and evaluate the impacts of tourism in the present situation in Iran’s territory which is considered a special condition. Iran is considered a country accepting tourists in the region due to its natural, historical, and man-made (ancient) attractions, and its special geographical and historical position. A country of such possessions and capabilities shouldn’t be taken away of the economic outcomes because of political problems and cultural-resources worries, and on the other hand the international tourism market shouldn’t deprive itself of Iran’s tourism attractions.

[Katayon Fahimi. Preservation of Cultural Resources By Development of Tourism. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2336-2339] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 345

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.345

 

Keywords: Tourism, Cultural-resources, impacts, Development, Management, Attraction, Iran.

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Absurd and Morality

 

 Yousef Afarini1, Mohammad Shoalehsaadi2, Alireza Shahrostambeik3

 

1. Department of Art and Architecture, Sepidan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sepidan, Iran

2. Department of Art and Architecture, Sepidan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sepidan, Iran

3. Department of.Art and Architecture, Sepidan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sepidan, Iran

sepidanfaculty@gmail.com, yafarini@yahoo.com

 

Abstract Absurd theater is an art which represents absurdity of life in the contemporary western countries as a fundamental objection against the absurd life the meaning and values of which are not the pre-given or natural affairs, but they are originated from human practice and the relation that he has given to the world. Meaninglessness of the life and world is the product of the action, practice and existential experience of the wise creatures who cannot give the meaning to the life and its world any more. This disability of the human being in giving meaning to the life is the climax of fall from all transcendental ascents which have shined as stars in the different periods of the mankind civilization. The morality is the most important ascent which has been experienced through catastrophes and disasters and gradually and step by step it has been threatened and become infirm. Seemingly, meaninglessness of life is product of weakening and probably destruction of morality basis. By domination of modernity, the ethic became independent and actually it lost the religion protection (lose of traditional basis of morality). In other words, the morality remained valid only by leaning on humanity and human reason. The statements by great thinkers as Marx, Nietzsche, Freud on the costly position of human as God’s representative or kin as well as scientific advantages of the scientists as Copernicus, Coupler, Galileo, Darwin, Heisenberg and Einstein against the prevail understanding of human and his position in the existence, made the human’s base and status unstable and eventually the world wars did the final stoke. Because of its disconnection from religion, the morality, which had only leaned on the human, became seriously unstable and weakening by these events and fall of human’s base as a creative from the ancestry of animals (Darwin), slave of instincts (Freud), plaything of historical condition (Marx), restricted in his/her own perspective (Nietzsche)… (Lose of Modern morality basis). Absurdity of absurd theater in the structure and content, which is experienced from this structure, is represented. Absurdity is perceived not only from the totality of structure but the various parts of structure. The effete or outcast characters or both of them, the trivial subjects which are lack of great values of human, dialogues including the words with out communication and non-solidarity phrases, cyclic constructions which are without the current climax and fall of classic and neo-classic, absence of conflict between the opposite ideas and the characters who protect the ideas are the structural elements which generally express absurdity of human life as well as independently narration of this tragedy. Considering the great works including Waiting for Godo (Samuel Becket), Rhino (Eugene Ionesco), Return to Home (Harold Pinter) prove this condition.

[Yousef Afarini, Mohammad Shoalehsaadi, Alireza Shahrostambelik. Absurd and Morality. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2340-2344] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 346

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.346

 

Key words: absurd theater, morality, value, meaning, modernity

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Load Frequency Control by using a new controller

 

Ali Zarei1, Kayvan Karimi Tarazani2, Negin Zarei3, Yousef Katal4

 

1, 2, 3, 4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

yousefkatal @yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In an interconnected power system, as a power load demand varies randomly, both area frequency and tie-line power interchange also vary. The objectives of load frequency control (LFC) are to minimize the transient deviations in these variables (area frequency and tie-line power interchange) and to ensure their steady state errors to be zeros. When dealing with the LFC problem of power systems, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties of the power system pose big challenges for controller design. Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), as an increasingly popular practical control technique, has the advantages of requiring little information from the plant model and being robust against disturbances and uncertainties. In this paper an optimal load frequency controller for two area interconnected power system is presented to quench the deviations in frequency and tie line power due to different load disturbances. In classical LFC problems, PI type controllers are used to control of system. But due to some disadvantages of the PI type controllers, the researches are toward finding a better control scheme. Although many different advanced method have been carried out to LFC problem, but the industries are willing to use simple PI controllers. In this regard, PID type controller is used for LFC in this paper.

[Ali Zarei, Kayvan Karimi Tarazani, Negin Zarei, Yousef Katal Load Frequency Control by using a new controller. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2345-2348] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 347

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.347

 

Keywords: Load Frequency Control, Multi Area Electric Power System, PI Controller, PID controller

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Pharmacodynamics of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (Receptal®) and prostaglandine (Estrumate®) on ovarian activity, hematological picture and some steroid hormones of cows during summer season

 

Abdel Mohsen M. Hammam1; Mahmoud M. Hussein2; Ahmed Abou-El Fadel Hussein3; Mona S. Zaki4, Amal H. Ali1 and Hany A. Amer1

 

1Department of Animal Reproduction and A.I., Vet. Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

2Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Beni-Suif University, Egypt

3Department of Hydrobiology, Vet. Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Hamam-pharma2010@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Treatment of infertility and induction of estrous cycle in cows is usually based on progestagens, prostaglandin and gonadotropin releasing hormone or its analogues. gonadotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamus a polypeptide hormone was found to regulate the secretion of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones. The present study aimed to study the pharmacodynamics of GnRH and PGF2ɑ (OvSynch protocol) treatment on cattle fertility and some biochemical and hormonal status during summer season. Fifteen cross breed cows (Baladi X Abundance), 9 primiparous and 6 pleuriparous cows, their ages (4.84±1.91) years, not exhibiting estrus signs for duration of 108±45.52 days, were treated with OvSynch protocol (GnRh-PGF2ɑ-GnRh). Cows were injected with 2.5ml Receptal® (GnRH) I/M. Seven days later, 2ml Estrumate® (PGF2ɑ)was injected I/M., followed 48 hours later with injection of 2nd dose of GnRH (2.5ml Receptal®), I/M.,then timed artificial insemination (T.A.I.).Blood samples were collected from jugular vein along the experimental period. Complete blood picture, Serum progesterone and estradiol-17β were assayed. The response to treatments were determined using rectal palpation and ultrasonography(US).The results revealed that no marked changes were occurred in blood parameters(RBCs, MCV, HCT, HB, WBCs, LY%& GR%), after treating with the drugs, Receptal®-Estrumate®--Receptal® (OvSynch protocol). But it is clear that, these fluctuations in blood parameters lie within the normal blood value range of cattle. A high estradiol level (35.9±3.62pg/ml) was recorded at day (10) at fixed TAI and lowest one (21.03±0.79pg/ml) was detected at day (73). A higher P4 value (17.05±5.23ng/ml) was recorded at day (12) and a significantly lowest one (0.29±0.05ng/ml) was recorded at day (73). The ovulation rate was 72%, while the pregnancy rate was 40% in cows treated with GPG protocol. It is concluded that the hormones used in OvSynch protocol (GnRH, PGF2ɑ &GnRh), stimulated the ovarian activity of cows and can overcome summer infertility and the hormones used had no adverse effect on hematological parameters and/or metabolic status of treated animals.

 [Abdel Mohsen M. Hammam; Mahmoud M. Hussein; Ahmed Abou-El Fadel Hussein; Mona S. Zaki, Amal H. Ali and Hany A. Amer. Pharmacodynamics of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (Receptal®) and prostaglandine (Estrumate®) on ovarian activity, hematological picture and some steroid hormones of cows during summer season Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2349-2355]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 348

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.348

 

Keywords: GnRh, PGF2ɑ, OvSynch, Cows, Hormonal levels, Synchronization

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Effect of PGF2α Double Injection on Hematological Picture, Hormonal Levels and Fertility of Cows During Summer Season

 

Abdel Mohsen M. Hammam1; El- Sayed M.M. Abdel Gawad2; Abdel Tawab A. Yassein2; Mona S. Zaki3; Amal H. Ali1

 

1Department of Animal Reproduction and A.I., Vet. Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

2Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Beni-Suif University, Egypt

3Department of Hydrobiology, Vet. Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Hamam-pharma2010@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Heat stress has an adverse effect on animal fertility due to direct or indirect action on hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis and/or on gonadal hormones. The present study aimed to study the pharmacological action of prostaglandin F2α injection on ovarian activity, blood picture, gonadal hormones and animal fertility during heat stress. Ten crossbred native cows (Baladi X Abundance), their ages 3-8 years, not showing estrus signs for a mean of 95.28+46.18 days(summer infertility) were treated with a regimen consisted of one or double doses of PGF2α (2.5 ml Estrumate®/animal), the second dose was injected after 9- 11 days for cows not exhibited estrus post 1st dose. The blood samples were from jugular vein, before, during and after treatment. Complete blood picture, Serum progesterone and estradiol-17β were estimated. The response to treatments were determined using rectal palpation and ultrasonography(US). The results revealed that there is no significant differences in RBCs count at different days of the experiment in non pregnant cows, whereas, a significantly lower value (6.11±0.40 vs. 7.38±0.33) was recorded at day 7 in pregnant cows.Mean Cell Volume (MCV), in pregnant cows was averaged (49.91 ±2.27 and 49.5 ± 1.99, p<0.05) at days 21 and 31, respectively, whereas, in non pregnant cows, a significantly higher value (60.5±1.45) was recorded only at day (7). Hematocrite value (HCT), were significantly different(p<0.05) between pregnant and non pregnant animals. It recorded higher values (p<0.05) at days 7&31 in non pregnant animals than that reordered at any other day of the experiment in both pregnant and non pregnant cows. Hemoglobin (HB): A significantly lower HB value (104±3.58) was recorded at day (7) of pregnant cows, while the highest value (156.83±13.67) was detected at day 21. Concerning the non pregnant cows, a significantly highest HB value (157.25±8.27) was observed at day 7. However significant differences in HB values were recorded among pregnant and non pregnant animals at days 7, 21, and 31 of the experiment. WBCs count: In pregnant cows, a significantly higher WBCs count was recorded at day 0 (12.72±1.19) compared with values that recorded at the other days of the treatment or in non pregnant cows. Granulocyte percentages (GR %):A significantly higher values (63.17±0.19, 61.83±1.24) were detected at day 7 in pregnant and non pregnant cows, respectively. A significantly (p>0.001) highest level of estradiol was recorded at day 22 (36.64±4.26 pg/ml) and significantly lower one was measured at day 10 (18.61±0.23 pg/ml), whereas, Progesterone(P4) was significantly decreased at day 10(1.7±0.14/ml ng). The reproductive results in cows treated with double injection of PGF2 indicated that the peak of response of cows ranged from 72 hrs to 96 hrs post inj. of 1st dose of PGF2α, it also appeared the pregnancy rate was 70% (7/10). It is concluded that PGF2α double injection (PG-PG) was effective for resuming animal fertility and ovarian activity during summer season without adverse effect on hematological parameters and/or metabolic status of treated animals.

[Abdel Mohsen M. Hammam; El- Sayed M.M. Abdel Gawad; Abdel Tawab A. Yassein; Mona S. Zaki; Amal H. Ali. Effect of PGF2α double injection on hematological picture, hormonal levels and fertility of cows during summer season. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2356-2362]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 349

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.349

 

Keywords: Cows-Synchronization of estrus- PGF2α-hemogram-Estradiol-Progesterone.

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Studying the Effect of rhBAFF & BAFF-R-Fc Fusion Protein on Lymphocytes & Platelets in Children with ITP

 

Sahar Kamal, Nadia Sewelam, Doha Mokhtar, Rania Fawzy and Nouran Nabil

 

Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

dohamokhtar@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: B cell activating factor, a member of tumor necrosis factor family, is a crucial homeostatic cytokine for B cells. It has been shown to enhance the expression of CD19+ cells and mediate the maturation of autoreactive B cells. BAFF is elevated in several autoimmune diseases including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Increased survival of CD8+ T cells also may promote the apoptosis of platelets through cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated platelet lysis. Blockade of BAFF receptor has demonstrated a clinical benefit in immunologic diseases. Methods PBMCs and platelets from 15 acute ITP patients and 15 healthy controls were cultured with rhBAFF or a combination of rhBAFF and BR3-Fc and then analyzed by flow cytometry for apoptosis of autologous platelets and/or CD19+, CD8+ and CD4+ cells. Results Blockade of BAFF receptor by BR3-Fc significantly increased the apoptosis of CD19+ cells in patients only and decreased the apoptosis of platelets in both patients and controls. Apoptotic CD8+ cells were significantly increased in patients only, following the addition of BR3-Fc. Conclusion These findings suggest that blockade of BAFF receptor (BR3-FC) could successfully correct the effects of BAFF by promoting the apoptosis of CD19+ and CD8+ cells and decreasing the apoptosis of platelets. Further research will indicate whether blocking BAFF-BR3 will have a therapeutic applicability in the management of ITP or not.

[Sahar Kamal, Nadia Sewelam, Doha Mokhtar, Rania Fawzy and Nouran Nabil. Studying the Effect of rhBAFF & BAFF-R-Fc Fusion Protein on Lymphocytes & Platelets in Children with ITP. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2363-2369] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 350

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.350

 

Keywords: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura- BAFF- CD19+-CD8+- CD4+- platelets.

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Analysis of Genetic signature for some Plectropomus species based on some dominant DNA markers

 

Y. M. Saad1,2; AbuZinadah, O. A. H.1; El-Domyati, F. M.1,3 and Sabir, J. M.1

 

1Dept. of Biol. Science, Fac. of Sciences, King Abdulaziz Univ., KSA.

2 Genetic Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt.

3 Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shobra El-Kheima, Egypt.

yasser_saad19@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Successful conservation of fish such as Plectropomus species depend on analysis of genetic signature and relations among fish species and subspecies. Knowledge about the genetic signature and structure of Plectropomus species needs to increase several times to enable us for conserve these economic fish in the future. The current study aims to develop and analysis of genetic signature for three Plectropomus species (P.maculates, P.leopardus and P.areolatus) based on some dominant DNA markers (RAPD and ISSR). A total of 9 ISSR and 12 RAPD primers were used to develop some DNA markers and their loci were estimated. Most studied DNA markers were polymorphic. The overall gene diversity (h) based on RAPD data was higher than based on ISSR data. Data analysis showed that, the P.areolatus was distantly related from both P.maculates and P.leopardus. RAPD and ISSR markers proved to be powerful methods to detect genetic signature for the applied Plectropomus species. The genetic markers which developed in this study will play a valuable role in monitoring the Plectropomus genetic resources in the future.

 [Y. M. Saad; AbuZinadah, O. A. H.; El-Domyati, F. M. and Sabir, J. M. Analysis of Genetic signature for some Plectropomus species based on some dominant DNA markers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2370-2375] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 351

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.351

 

Key words: Plectropomus, DNA polymorphism, RAPD and ISSR markers.

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The analysis of the neural electrophysiological examination on therapeutic effect of the complete carpal tunnel & palmar aponeurosis release(CTPAR) of carpal tunnel syndrome

 

Wang Shaoping1, Wang Jinguo2, Niu Huixia1, Chandra Avinash1, Xu Yuming1

 

1.Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.

2.The Nursing College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan,450052, China.

Corresponding author: XU Yu-ming, xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn

 

Abstract: Objective: To compare the therapeutic effect of the complete carpal tunnel & palmar aponeurosis release(CTPAR) of different severity carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients using the neural electrophysiological examination before and 3 months after the surgery. Method: The median nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV), latency of motor nerve terminal (M -lat), sensory nerve active potential (SNAP) and the compound muscle action potentials of the opponens pollicis (compound muscle action potential, CMAP) from three groups of different lesion levels of 87 patients were measured before and 3 months after the CTPAR. The results were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. Result: In the mild CTS patients, the differences of the SCV and SNAP before and after 3 months of CTPAR were statistically significant(P<0.05), while the differences of the M-lat and CMAP displayed no statistical significance(P>0.05)In the moderate CTS patients, the SCV, M-lat, SNAP and CMAP improved significantly 3 months after the CTPAR, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01)In the severe CTS patients, the differences of the SCV, M-lat, SNAP and CMAP before and after the CTPAR had no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion: The recoveries of the mild and moderate groups of CTS patients were very well after the CTPAR, while the recoveries of the severe patients were not ideal. As a result, if CTS patients are mild or moderate ones, and the effects of the conservative treatment are not ideal, the operation treatment should be performed as soon as possible to avoid sensory and motor dysfunction, which will affect the quality of life.

[Wang Shaoping, Wang Jinguo, Niu Huixia, Chandra Avinash, Xu Yuming. The analysis of the neural electrophysiological examination on therapeutic effect of the complete carpal tunnel & palmar aponeurosis release(CTPAR) of carpal tunnel syndrome. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2376-2379] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 352

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.352

 

Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome; Neural electrophysiological examination; Therapeutic effect

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Application of Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method to the Equal Width Wave and Burger Equations

 

Saeed Islam1, Rashid Nawaz 1, Muhammad Arif1, Syed Inayat Ali Shah2

 

1Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

2Department of Mathematics, Islamia college charted University Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

 proud_pak@hotmail.com (S. Islam) rashid_uop@yahoo.com (R. Nawaz),

marifmaths@yahoo.com (M. Arif), inayat64@gmail.com (S. I. A. Shah),

 

Abstract: In this paper, we use the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for approximate solutions of the Equal Width Wave equations (EWW) and Burger equations, respectively. For (EWW) equations the numerical results obtained are compared with the results obtained by using variational iteration method (VIM) and Adomian decomposition method (ADM), while for burger equation comparison is made with ADM. From the obtained results it is observed that the suggested method is explicit, effective, and very easy to use. [Islam S, Nawaz R, Arif M and Shah SIA, Application of Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method to the Equal Width Wave and Burger Equations. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2380-2386] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 353

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.353

 

Keywords: Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method, Burger Equation, Equal Width Wave Equation

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Finite Groups With At Most Nine Non T-Subgroups

 

Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Shah1, Saeed Islam1, Khalid Khan2

 

1Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

2Department of Science and Information Technology Govt; Peshawar, Pakistan

marifmaths@awkum.edu.pk (M. Arif), shahmaths_problem@hotmail.com (M. Shah),

proud_pak@hotmail.com (S. Islam), khalidsa02@gmail.com (K. Khan)

 

Abstract. In this short note, we extend the characterization of soluble groups by using the number of their non-T-subgroups and also we classify finite groups having exactly nine non-T-subgroups.

[Arif M, Shah M, Islam S, Khan K. Finite Groups with at most nine non T-Subgroups. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2387-2389] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 354

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.354

 

Key words. Finite soluble groups, Normal subgroups, T-subgroups

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Effect of Aquatic Pollution on Fish (Review)

 

1Mona S, Zaki, 2S. I. Shalaby, 3Nagwa, Ata, 1A. I. Noor El -Deen, Souza Omar4 and 1Mostafa F. Abdelzaher

 

1Dept. Hydrobiology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

2Dept. Animal reproduction, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

3Dept. Microbiology and immunity, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

4 Dept. of Biochemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: Aquatic pollution is still a problem in many freshwater and marine environments as it causes negative effects for the health of the respective organisms. The present literature review of the effect of pollution on fish includes, water quality, pesticide, chemical miscellaneous and physical pollution. The present study was concluded that, there were inversely and reversely proportion relationship between pollution in aquaculture and the prevalence of external and internal parasitic infestation respectively. Control measures depend mainly on strict hygienic measure from the causative agent beside specific antipollution.

[Mona S, Zaki, S. I. Shalaby, Nagwa, Ata, A. I. Noor El -Deen and M.F. Abdelzaher. Effect of Aquatic Pollution on Fish (Review). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2390-2395]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 355

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.355

 

Keywords: Aquatic pollution; freshwater; marine; environment; pesticide

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Synthesis and study of complexes of tetradentate Schiff base and bridging ligand of thiocyanate with transition metals of Fe, Cr and Co

 

Ali Javadi Zare* and Peyman Ataeinia

Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 

ABSTRACT: A group of combinations which have more importance in biological studies, biochemistry and also catalytic applications, are schiff base complexes. They have been considered by the chemists. In this research, Schiff base ligand was provided by means of 2,3-diaminopyridine and salicylaldehyde in absolute ethanol solvent with reflux method. Then the complexes of transition metals Fe, Cr and Co with the supplied ligand to being determind synthesized bridging thiocyanate and using FT-IR, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The information obtained from cyclic voltammograms of the complexes showed that the electrochemical behavior of the synthesized combinations indicates reversible the state of the complexes. Electrone spectra in the complexes accompanied by axial ligand with due attention to central electron giving ligand feature has decreased or increased transfers intensity which can be confirmed in complex formation.

[Ali Javadi Zare and Peyman Ataeinia. Synthesis and study of complexes of tetradentate Schiff base and bridging ligand of thiocyanate with transition metals of Fe, Cr and Co. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2396-2405]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 356

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.356

 

Keywords: Bridging thiocyanate, Schiff base, Transition metals, 2,3-Diaminopyridine and salicylaldehyde

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An applicable modified probabilistic method for seismic hazard assessment in Northen Khorasan province, Iran

 

 

1Arsham Gheirati, 2Katayoun Behzadafshar and 3Arash Motasharreie

 

1M.Sc student of Geophysics, Islamic Azad University, Chalous branch, chalous, Iran

 2Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Rey branch, Tehran, Iran,

Email address: katayoun_behzadafshar@yahoo.com

3Assistant Professor, Department of Geophysics, Islamic Azad University, Chalous branch, Chalous, Iran

 

Corresponding Author: katayoun_behzadafshar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Iran plateau is a vast pressured region along mountain building belt of Alps-Himalayas. North Khorasan province where is studied in this research is located in Kope Dagh seismotectonic province. Kope Dagh seismotectonic province is a mountainous region which final phases of Alps have played a basic role in its present-day formation. This province is an active seismic region with mostly shallow earthquakes with less than 30 kilometers depth. Seismicity of the region indicates high activity in Northen Khorasan and Kope Dagh plate in the area of 56◦ to 59.30◦ E and 36◦ to 38◦ N. Regarding to the high seismicity and importance of Kope Dagh region because of the existence of Mozduran gas reservoir, which after refinement and desulphurization supplies fuel of Shirvan and Bojnourd cities, and due to economic and cultural importance, it is crucial to analyze seismic hazard in this region. It is important to note that however lots of studies have been done in north -east of Iran, but building codes modification needs more precisely seismic hazard analysis. Furthermore, previous studies have been applied free download softwares, which were provided before 2000, but the most important advantage of this study is applying professional industrial software, which has been written in 2009. This applied software can cover previous software weak points very well such as gridding potential sources, attention to the seismogenic zone and applying attenuation relationships directly.In the present study, modified probabilistic method has been applied instead of traditional one. For this purpose at first, a complete seismic catalogue of main earthquakes of the region provided. Then, map of potential sources prepare and compared to the previous studies. Finally, seismic parameters of the region have been determined for seismic hazard analysis.This study states the most PGA will be experienced in a northwest-central trend, which fits very well with Quchan-Robat and Esfarayen-Robatqarebil faults and matches with the expected trend based on tectonic evidences and previous statistical studies. In this research peak ground acceleration (PGA) will be experienced up to 0.07 gal during the expected earthquake with 63% probability of occurrence in 50 years in the area of Robatqarebil.

 [Arsham Gheirati, Katayoun Behzadafshar and Arash Motasharreie. An applicable modified probabilistic method for seismic hazard assessment in Northen Khorasan province, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2406-2412] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 357

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.357

 

Keywords: Seismic Hazard Analysis, Peak Ground Acceleration, EZ-FRISK Software, Northen Khorasan

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Effect of organic fertilizers on quality and quantity of tobacco transplanting in various nursery media

 

 

Laia Morad-beigi1, Reza Amirnia2, Mehdi Tajbakhsh3 and RaminTagavi4

 

1Agriculture graduate student of Urmia University; 2Assistant Professor of Urmia University; 3Professor of Urmia University; 4Expert of Urmia Tobacco Research Center

 Corresponding Author: Laia Morad-beigi

Email: Laia_moradbeigi@yahoo.com; Tel: 0098-9149981655

 

Abstract: In order to investigate the possibility of using organic fertilizers in tobacco floating nursery, an experiment was conducted at tobacco research institute of Urmia in 2010. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design (CRBD) with four replications. The first factor was disinfected poultry manure, disinfected pigeon manure and a complete fertilizer (NPK) (15-5-30) and the second factor was involved two types of media (100 percent peat and 60 percent animal manure with 40 percent perlite). The results showed that highest and lowest transplant length were obtained from chemical fertilizer treatment and poultry manure in perlite media with animal manure (11.99 mm and 3.34 mm, respectively). Compared means showed that the highest fresh weight of transplant (98.8 g) was obtained by chemical feretilizer in perlite media with animal manure which had not statistically significant different with chemical fertilizer in peat media and the lowest fresh weight of transplant (24.67 g) was obtained by poultry manure in perlite media with animal manure. the highest and the lowest dry matter of transplanting (19.72 and 8.4 g) were obtained by poultry manure in perlite media with animal manure and chemical fertilizer in peat media, respectily, which had not statistically significant different with chemical fertilizer in perlite media with animal manure.

 [Laia Morad-beigi, Reza Amirnia, Mehdi Tajbakhsh and RaminTagavi. Effect of organic fertilizers on quality and quantity of tobacco transplanting in various nursery media. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2413-2422]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 358

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.358

 

Keywords: Floating Nursery, Organic Fertilizer, Tobacco

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Factors Facilitating Entrepreneurship and Self- Employment in Agriculture Sector

 1*Leila Zolikhaei Sayyar, 2Somaye latifi, 3Qasem sarempoor and 4Amirhossein Pirmoradi

 

1Master of Rural Development, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

2Master of Rural Development, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

3Head of Geography Dept., Asadabad University, Hamadan, Iran

4Former Graduate Student (M. S), science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

 [1]Corresponding Author: Leila Zolikhaei Sayyar, E-mail:la.zolikhai@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The main purpose of the study was to analyze factors which facilitate entrepreneurship and self- employment in agriculture sector. To achieve this, a surveying methodology was used. Statistical population of the study consisted of all agricultural students in Bu- Ali Sina University. Among them, 122 were selected randomly as samples. Data gathering tool was a structured questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts as well as reliability of the questionnaire was tested by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and it was 87 percent. In the data analysis part of this study, factor analysis method was used in order to achieve key elements and factors. Results showed that factors which facilitate entrepreneurship and self- employment in agriculture sector could be classified into four categories. The four-factor presented by the factor analysis method explained 44.7% of the total variance. The first category of the factors was labeled as educational factor. This factor explained 15.13% of the total variance and was identified the most important element. At the end, some recommendations have been presented in regard to develop entrepreneurship and self- employment in agriculture sector.

[Leila Zolikhaei Sayyar, Somaye latifi, Qasem sarempoor and Amirhossein Pirmoradi. Factors Facilitating Entrepreneurship and Self- Employment in Agriculture Sector. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2423-2430]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 359

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.359

 

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Agriculture Sector, Agricultural Student, Facilitating Factors.

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Influence of apple cider vinegar on blood lipids

 

Zahra Beheshti1, Yiong Huak Chan2, Hamid Sharif Nia*3, Fatemeh Hajihosseini 4, Rogheyeh Nazari5, Mohammad shaabani 6, Mohammad Taghi Salehi Omran7

 

1- MScN, BScN. Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

2- PhD of Mathematics, Head, Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.

3- Candidate of PhD, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari,Iran. PhD Student of Nursing at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4- Candidate of PhD, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari,Iran. PhD Student of Nursing at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

5- Candidate of PhD, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari,Iran. PhD Student of Nursing at Tarbiat-e- modarres University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

6- BScN, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

7- MD, Department of cardiology and echocardiography, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Hamid Sharif Nia Email: h.sharifnia@mazums.ac.ir

Tel: +981212221919 Fax: +98(0121) 2151220

 

Abstract: Apple cider vinegar has been traditionally used since many years ago to treat a certain number of diseases including hyperlipidemia which is known as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Early prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis can prevent complications of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, the present study aimed to review the influence of apple cider vinegar consumption on reducing blood lipid levels. This quasi-experiment study(time series design) was carried out on 19 patients with hyperlipidemia. The subjects had been referred to a cardiologist and agreed to consume apple cider vinegar. At baseline, blood samples were obtained to measure cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The tests were repeated at two, four, and eight weeks of vinegar consumption. The results were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis. There were significant reduction in the serum levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.020), and LDL (p = 0.001) after eight weeks of consuming apple cider vinegar and with an increased HDL levels but the trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.200). Consumption of apple cider vinegar over a 8 week period had a beneficial effect in significant reductions in harmful blood lipids and is recommended as a simple and cost-effective treatment for hyperlipidemia.

[Zahra Beheshti, Yiong Huak Chan, Hamid Sharif Nia, Fatemeh Hajihosseini, Rogheyeh Nazari, Mohammad shaabani, Mohammad Taghi Salehi Omran. Influence of apple cider vinegar on blood lipids. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2431-2440]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 360

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.360

 

Keywords: Apple cider vinegar, Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis

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A Comparison between Hegelian and Lacanian Ideal Hero in Sophocles’ Tragedy of Antigone

 

 Mehdi Khoshkalam Pour

Department of English Literature, Islamic Azad University, Abadeh Branch, Abadeh, Iran

E-mail: mahdikhoshkalampour@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Hegel, the German philosopher, and Lacan, the French psychoanalyst, have a lot in common when asserting their viewpoints concerning an ideal hero they favor in tragedy. Not all the heroes having dominated the classical tragedies have been able to mesmerize Hegel and Lacan as remarkably as Antigone has. The hero they support is capable of true heroism resulting from intellectuality rather than ephemeral emotions. Indeed, Hegel assures that the real hero create harmony between his internal motives and external elements. Based on Hegel, the real hero always acts and reacts in accordance with the divine pathos having been implanted in his heart. The pathos is substantial in that it has been divinely issued by the gods. The Hegelian hero takes his nobility from the fact that he has merged his individuality with gods' universality in order to have their support. The real tragic hero, Hegel says, should stand firmly loyal to the god he has chosen to obey. Such loyalty is apparently appreciated by Zeus because the tragic heroes have erased their will just to dictate and preserve the equilibrium Zeus desires. In fact, they act consciously and voluntarily in the plays, though they know they may be paid by death. Like Hegel, Lacan admires Stability in action and loyalty to the aim when talking of his favorite tragic hero. To Lacan, the concept of beautiful soul can manifest in a hero who knowingly acts and bravely welcomes what he himself has given rise to. Lacanian tragic hero like Hegelian one knows from the beginning the consequences of his behavior; nevertheless, he never loses his heart when confronted with the reactions coming from his opponent forces. Antigone can best glorify the features Lacan and Hegel endeavor to attribute to real tragic hero. Though encountered with physical death and conceptual dissolution better known as second death, Antigone stands faithful to the aims she has agitated for.

 [Mehdi Khoshkalam Pour. A Comparison between Hegelian and Lacanian Ideal Hero in Sophocles’ Tragedy of Antigone. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2441-2451]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 361

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.361

 

Keywords: dialectical method, pathos, ethical substantiality of family and state, the thing, sublimation, Derrida’s supplementation, the beautiful soul, the second death.

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Effect of Ill-Health on Rural Households’ Welfare in Ondo State, Nigeria

 

A.S Oyekale+ and T.S. Otuwehinmi++,

 

+Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. (abayomi.oyekale@nwu.ac.za)

++Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

 

Abstract: This study assessed the health status and welfare of rural households in Ondo East and Ondo West Local Government Areas of Ondo State. The data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaires that were administered to farmers in two randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the study area. Simple descriptive and regression methods were used to analyze the data. The common self reported types of sickness were tuberculosis (17.3%), whitlow (17.3%), guinea worm (5.5%), malaria (40.0%), pneumonia (2.7%), cholera (2.7%), diabetes (2.7%) and hookworm (1.8%). The study also revealed that, cost of treatment, cost of hired land and days of incapacitation have negative relationship with per capita income, while the imputed cost of family labour, cost of other inputs (such as fertilizer and seeds), family size and land area have positive relationship. The study recommended the need to raise national awareness of the incidence of diseases and their implication through information, health care facilities, encouraging government rural partnership, micro entrepreneurship and institution and industrial development.

[A.S Oyekale and T.S.Otuwehinmi. Effect of Ill-Health on Rural Households’ Welfare in Ondo State, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2452-2456] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 362

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.362

 

Keywords: ill-health, welfare, Ondo state, Nigeria

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A Proposed Model of Customer E-loyalty Measurement in Internet Banking

 

Mehdi Rahimi 1, Olfat Ganji Bidmeshk 2, Farshid Mirzaalian 3

 

1. Department of Accounting and Management, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Business Administration, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran

3. Department of Accounting and Management, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

m3hdrahimi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: In recent years, Internet Banking (IB) applications are gaining popularity among retail banking customers. The long term success of these applications is however influenced by customer loyalty because it affects customers' perceptions about banks' innovative ability and customer caring intentions. This study has been developed for a proposed model of e-loyalty measurement for IB in Tejarat bank of Iran. For this purpose, after the comparative studies, both e-satisfaction and e-trust were identified as customer eloyalty measurement model dimensions. This research is an applied field study and the method employed is descriptive and quantitative. The research sample is composed of 218 internet customers of Iranian Tejarat banks. The required data is gathered through stratified random sampling method using a researcher-made questionnaire with a 0.9406 Cronbach alpha coefficient. Also for the effectiveness of each model dimensions, it was used linear regression. The results introduced both major dimensions satisfaction with coefficient of 0.262 in both indicators of website design and customer service, and e-trust with coefficient of 0.591 in both indicators of fulfillment/ reliability and security/privacy. Finally, with emphasis on the effectiveness of these two dimensions were proposed approaches to improve the E-loyalty.

[Rahimi M., Ganji B. O., Mirzaalian F. A Proposed Model of Customer E-loyalty Measurement in Internet Banking. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2457-2462]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 363

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.363

 

Keywords: E-loyalty; E-satisfaction; E-trust; Internet Banking

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Effect of Tailored Counseling for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis upon Their Self-Care

 

Jehan S. Ali Sayyed, Lobna M. Gamal Ali and Enshrah R. Mohamed

 

Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing El-Minia University

lobnahassn@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is considered as a public health problem.The incidence and prevalence are reportedly increasing all over the world. Kidney failure is consider as a medical, social and economic problems to patients and their family. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of counseling program on patient's self-care. The research hypothesis; counseling will affect positively on self-care for patients with hemodialysis. Methods: The study was conducted at the artificial kidney unit of Minia University Hospital. The sample of this study comprised 80 adult patients including both sex, their age ranged from 20-55 years old, They were selected by convenience randomly assigned two equal groups control (group1) and interventional group (group2) (40 in each). Three tools were used to collect the data in this study, tool one: Interview questionnaire were included biosocial demographic data and knowledge assessment sheet. Tool two: Patients practices checklist.tools three: Counseling program according to patient's needs. Results The results revealed that there were highly statistically significant differences for patients under study in relation to patient's level of knowledge, performance skill and self-care between pre and post counseling program. In conclusion; the counseling program implementation improved patients' knowledge, skill performance and self-care. Counseling program should be available in a form of illustrated booklet in hospitals as a reference for patients and reapplication of this study on larger probability sample are recommended.

[Jehan S. Ali Sayyed, Lobna M. Gamal Ali and Enshrah R. Mohamed. Effect of Tailored Counseling for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Upon Their Self-Care. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2463-2471]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 364

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.364

 

Keywords: Kidney failure, Patient’s self care,Hemodialyis 

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Detection of Plasmid-Mediated 16S rRNA Methylase Conferring High-Level Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Gram negative bacilli from Egypt

 

Aisha Abu Aitta1; Manal El Said1, Ehab El Dabaa2; Mohamed Abd El Salam3 and Hesham Mohamed Mahdy3

 

1Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.

2Biochemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

3Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

manalmicrobiology@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Recently, production of 16S rRNA methylases by Gram-negative bacilli has emerged as a novel mechanism for high-level resistance to aminoglycosides by these organisms in a variety of geographic locations. Therefore, the spread of high-level aminoglycoside resistance determinants has become a great concern. Objective: to determine the prevalence of the occurrence of 16S rRNA methylases genes in aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolates. Methods: 30 Gram-negative bacilli amikacin resistant isolates were collected from inpatients and outpatients at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI). Biochemical identification of bacterial species was performed with API 20E system. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and netilmicin, were determined by the disk diffusion method and the MICs of amikacin were detected by the E test method. PCR was used to identify 16S rRNA methylas armA and rmtB genes. Result: E.coli, (15/30; 50%), Klebsiella pneumonia (7/30; 23.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4/30; 13.3%), Enterobacter cloaca and Acinetobacter baumanii (2/30; 6.7% each) were isolated. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected in 7 (23.6%) isolates. Among the 30 isolates, 13 (43.3%) isolates showed a high level of resistance to amikacin. Seven out of 30 (23.3%) amikacin-resistant isolates were positive for 16S rRNA methylase genes. Six isolates (20%) were positive for rmtB gene and one (3.3%) Enterobacter cloaca ESBLs producer isolate was positive for armA gene. rmtB was detected in one (3.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosae isolate and five (16.7%) E. coli isolates, in which, 3 of them were ESBLs producers. ArmA and rmtB genes were not detected simultaneously. Conclusions: 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected in gram negative bacilli in TBRI. RmtB was found to be more prevalent than armA. There was correlation between the detection of methylase genes and the production of ESBLs.

[Aisha Abu Aitta; Manal El Said, Ehab El Dabaa; Mohamed Abd El Salam and Hesham Mohamed Mahdy. Detection of Plasmid-Mediated 16S rRNA Methylase Conferring High-Level Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Gram negative bacilli from Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2472-2479]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 365

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.365

 

Keywords: Aminoglycosides; Gram negative bacilli; RmtB; armA; PCR; ESBLs

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Evaluation of non-functional characteristics of web-based systems modeled and designed using aspect-oriented technology by aspectual software architecture analysis method (ASAAM)

 

Davood Karimzadganmoghadam 1, Davood Vahdat 2, Mohammad Pira 3, Reza Asgarimoghadam 4

 

1. Department of IT, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, d_karimzadgan@pnu.ac.ir

2. Department of IT, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, vahdat@pnu.ac.ir

3. Department of IT, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, Mohammadpira408@yahoo.com, Corresponding Author, Msc

4. Department of IT, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, r_asgary@iust.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Despite the importance and well-known status of non-functional requirements in the success of Web applications in the field of Web Engineering, they do not receive much attention. In many cases, these requirements remain pending, unconsidered, un-analyzed and undesigned after determining in the requirements engineering phase until completing application implementation. The aim of the present study is to model and analysis the non-functional requirements in designing Web applications. This will be done to ensure providing an architecture which supports the necessary quality characteristics of these applications. To realize the nature of these requirements, we focused on a large industrial case study which is a Web-based organizational application. It was observed that the majority of non-functional requirements in the Web applications architecture are intersecting concerns which should be modeled separately. However, this issue has not received necessary attention. Finally, the proposed architecture has been presented and evaluated.

[Davood Karimzadganmoghadam, Davood Vahdat, Mohammad Pira, Reza Asgarimoghadam. Evaluation of non-functional characteristics of web-based systems modeled and designed using aspect-oriented technology by aspectual software architecture analysis method (ASAAM). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2480-2486]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 366

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.366

 

Keywords: Concern; Requirement; Web-pages; System Architecture; Continuity; Aspect.

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Sufficient condition of a subclass of analytic functions defined by Hadamard product

 

Muhammad Arif1, Irshaad Ahmed2, Mohsan Raza2 and Khalid Khan3

 

1Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

2Department of Mathematics, GC University Faisalabad Pakistan

3Department of Science and Information Technology Govt; KPK, Peshawar, Pakistan

marifmaths@awkum.edu.pk (M. Arif), quantized84@yahoo.com (I. Ahmad), mohsan976@yahoo.com (M. Raza, khalidsa02@gmail.com (K. Khan)

 

Abstract: In the present article we obtain a sufficient condition for a function belongs to a class of analytic functions defined by convolution. The main result presented here includes a number of known consequences as special cases.

[Arif M, Ahmad I and Raza M. Sufficient condition of a subclass of analytic functions defined by Hadamard product. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2487-2489] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 367

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.367

 

Key Words: Analytic functions, spiral-like functions, convolution.

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Prevalence and Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Abha City, Ksa

 

1 Faten M. R. Ismaeil H and 2Al Musa H. M

 

1Public Health and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Assiut University-Egypt.

2Family Medicine Department, King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Abstract: Low birth weight babies have been defined by W.H.O as weight at birth of less than 2.5 kg. It contributes substantially to neonatal, infant and childhood mortality as well as morbidity. Across the world neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for low birth weight babies compared to heavier babies (> 2.5 kg). The World Health Organization has estimated that annually 24 million LBW infants are born in developing countries. As the prevalence of LBW infants is around 5% in many industrialized countries, it changes between 5-30% in underdeveloped or developing countries. One of the goals of the 1990 World Summit for Children was to reduce the prevalence of low birth weight to less than 10% by the year 2000. However, this remains a formidable challenge to-date. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of low birth weight among babies registered in the primary health care centers in Abha city and to identify the factors that determines Low Birth Weight among these babies. Subjects and methods This study followed a cross-sectional design. It was conducted in Abha City, which is the capital of Aseer Region in Saudi Arabia. Results: 18.8"% of the studied babies had LBW. The present study showed that birth weight was significantly associated with level of utilization of antenatal care. Maternal age is an important risk factor related to birth weight of the neonate. Mothers less than 20 years of age had increased proportion of LBW babies. LBW was more common in female babies as compared to male babies. working mothers are at increased risk of having LBW infants, Mothers had previous abortion, preeclampsia, hypertension or anemia had LBW babies. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that young maternal age, maternal work, poor antenatal care, maternal anemia, and pregnancy induced medical ailments have strong association with low birth weight. To overcome these problems, the mother and child health care services should receive special attention and mothers must be encouraged to attend the PCCCs regularly for antenatal care.

[Faten M. R. Ismaeil, and Hasssan Al Mosa. Prevalence and Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Abha City. KSA. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2490-2495]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 368

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.368

 

Keywords: Low birth weight, Determinants, prevalence

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 The Study of the Relationship between the Place of Residence Quality and the Feeling of Social Security in Kashan

 

1Melahat Ahmadi, 1Batoole Abedi, 1Sanam Taghizadeh and 2Maryam Rezghi

 

1Department of Urban Design, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2Department of Urban Design, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

 

Abstract: Formation of suburbia is an obvious exposure of urban poverty and forms spontaneously without construction permit and official scheme for civil construction, it is developed by gathering of low income groups and live in low levels of quality and quantity compared to other areas and regions of city and named as non-official residential, spontaneous dwelling and slums, in this areas, due to this fact that humanism is vanished, social deviations grow rapidly and crimes such as burglary, addiction, smuggling, prostitution would extend. Furthermore, development of grounds for activities and extension in narco above and family disorders in suburbia is constructive factor to include social insecurity. This paper aims to assess degrees of social insecurity feeling and dwelling quality in Kashan city. To conduct this, we imply measurement method and 225 residence of Kashan selected by proper cluster sample and by articulated questionnaires data gathered. Validity of consistency of this study determined by Cronbach alpha for social security construction. Measure of social security feeling due to 12 separate aspects (Life risk, financial, semantic, ethical, cultural, economical, civil, emotional, feelings, occupation, legal and chastity) has been evaluated. According to this study results, there is not any difference in social security feelings and value in assessed regions.

[Ahmadi M, Abedi B, Taghizadeh S, Rezghi, M. The Study of the Relationship between the Place of Residence Quality and the Feeling of Social Security in Kashan. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2496-2501] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 369

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.369

 

Key words: Security feeling % Urban ecology % Physical security % Kashan city

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The consideration of nerve pressures arising from work and its role in reducing the organization productivity in Fars province Red Crescent Society

 

1Mehrzad Sarfarazi (Corresponding Author), 2Sholeh-Sadat Ehteshami

 

1Instructor and PhD Candidate, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

2Researcher of Iranian National Center for Globalization Studies, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: Stress is a physical or emotional depression arises from real or imaginary matters and problems. Stress can cause numerous damages to the individuals and organizations. It is the people’s reflection against the threatening environment characteristics. The aim of current research is to consider the association between the influences of nerve pressures arising from work (work stress) on reducing the organization productivity in Fars province Red Crescent society. The research method is measuring –descriptive. The research statistical samples include all the managers of the 3 branches of master, middle and operational, as well as the employees of Fars province Red Crescent society which are 463 people of the cities of Firooz –abad,Lamerd, Shiraz, Fasa, Neyriz, Jahrom,Gerash, Khonj, Lar, Evaz, Darab, and Kazeroon.106 samples were selected at rondom through cluster sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed among the samples and 94 of them were returned to the researcher. The research questionnaire contains 30 questions which are regulated according to research hypotheses by the researcher.In order to measure the validity of the questionnaire, the validity of the contents is used. The Alpha cronbach method is used to estimate the measurement tool reliance of this research. The data statistical processing is done within the NINITAB and SPSS software environments. The research results regarding the main hypotheses of the study, have shown that Fars province Red Crescent employees believe that nerve pressures are not considered as factors to reduce the productivity. However, they believe that they may sustain a loss or damage in their working environments which is one of the causes of their organization productivity reduction. Regarding the first derivative hypothesis of the research, it can be concluded that the more important the employees careers, the less stress. The results of the second derivative hypothesis of the research show that the large volume of tasks and works lead to more stress in employees. The research results also support the third derivative hypothesis and show that the more conflicts in roles of the employees, the more stress they will experience. However, the fourth hypothesis is not supported. Therefore, the conflicts of employees personal relationships with other colleagues and managers do not lead to stress.

[Mehrzad Sarfarazi, Sholeh-Sadat Ehteshami. The consideration of nerve pressures arising from work and its role in reducing the organization productivity in Fars province Red Crescent Society.. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2502-2510] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 370

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.370

 

Keywords: Nerve pressures arising from work –nerve pressure consequences –effective factors in making stress productivity –organizational productivity.

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The effect of government size on inflation in Iran

 

Marzieh Esfandiari 1, Vahid Dehbashi 2, Hamid Mohammadi 2, Iman Shahraki 3

 

1. Department of Management, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

2. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

3. Student of Management, Science and Research Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

marzieh_esfandiari@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper explores the influence of government size on inflation with considering the major determinants of inflation in Iran. It has been tried to consider combination of theories about inflation to determine the important factors on inflation and to inference the role of government size. In order to investigating short run and long run relation between inflation and the government size in 1971-2008, the ARDL approach has been utilized. An empirical model has been constructed which considers the effects of liquidity, the government size, exchange rate, the investment of private sector, imported price index, the change of CPI in each year and two dummy variables for Iran-Iraq war and change in exchange system. The empirical results show that imported inflation, expected inflation and the size of government are the most important factors affecting on inflation in Iran. Also the findings indicate that a decline in the government size may lead to low inflation.

[Esfandiari M, Dehbashi V, Mohammadi H, Shahraki I. The effect of government size on inflation in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2511-2515] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 371

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.371

 

Keywords: Inflation; liquidity; exchange rate; government size; ARDL approach

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Screening Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Sesquterpenoid Crude Extract Of Ganoderma

 

Asghar.Sharifi1, Seyed Sajjad Khoramrooz1, Soheyla Jahedi3, Seyed Abdolmajid Khosravani1

 

1. Department of Microbiology, Medical Microbiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

2. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

3. Farhangian University of Shiraz, Iran

khosravani2us@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Antimicrobial activities of sesquiterpenoid of Ganoderma were tested against human pathogenic microorganisms. Four out of 11 species of Ganoderma showed good antimicrobial activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for the sesquterpenoid extract of Ganoderma Mazandaran Ganoderma lipsiense, Ganoderma multicornum and Ganoderma lucidum on selected microorganisms. Proteus mirabilis (MTCC 1429) Candida albicans (MTCC 1637), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC 432), Escherichia coli (MTCC 2064) and bacillus subtilus (NCIM 2010) were tested. Ganoderma lucidum extract showed maximal inhibition of Proteus mirabilis and was also active against Candida albicans, as was the extract of Ganoderma mazandaran. Lowest MIC values were 128 l/ ml demonstrated by sesquterpenoid extract of G. lucidium, and G. Mazandaran against B. subtilus and P.mirabilis. Further separation of the sesquterpenoid compounds need to be carried out to detect the bioactivity of specific compounds.

[Asghar.Sharifi, Seyed Sajjad Khoramrooz, Soheyla Jahedi, Seyed Abdolmajid Khosravani. Screening Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Sesquterpenoid Crude Extract Of Ganoderma. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2516-2519] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 372

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.372

 

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Ganoderma, Standard Antibiotics, sesqutrepenoid Extraction

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Factors Influencing Households’ Environmental Hazard Exposure in Ibadan Metropolis

 

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Environmental hazards constitute a lot of economic development bottlenecks in Nigeria. In this study, the different forms of environmental problems facing households Ibadan were identified and composite indicators of hazard vulnerability were computed from them. Data were collected from 120 households from Ibadan metropolis using the stratified sampling method. Data were analyzed with the Factor Analysis and ordinary least Square (OLS) regression. The results show that majority of the households were faced with bushy and untidy environment, illegal structure/urban slum and improper disposal of domestic wastes. Regression results show that female household heads were significantly more vulnerable to domestic and air pollution hazards (p<0.05). Also, as income increased, exposure to domestic and water pollution hazards significantly decreased (p<0.05) The study recommended serious enforcement of existing environmental laws in order to ensure safe environment for residents of Ibadan, among others.

[Abayomi Samuel Oyekale. Factors Influencing Households’ Environmental Hazard Exposure in Ibadan Metropolis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2520-2527]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 373

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.373

 

Keywords: environmental hazards, vulnerability, Factor Analysis, urban households, Ibadan

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Linearization Algorithms for a Level and PH Process

 

Subbulekshmi1, Kanakaraj2

 

1. Corresponding Author, Dept of Instrumentation and control systems Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

2.Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

dslsubbu03@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this work is to keep the interacting liquid level and pH parameter at a desired value. This article presents Kravari’s decoupling and linearization algorithm and Generic Model Control (GMC) and Hischorn’s algorithms for an approximated model of interacting level and pH process. The comparison with the above algorithms is shown. Control laws obtained from the above algorithms are relatively simple and accurate. These algorithms make the closed loop system linear in an input-output sense. Simulations are carried out using PI, PI-SPW (Set point Weighting), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Model Predictive Control (MPC). Control performance of a Hirschorn’s with MPC is found to be better. The control laws obtained for Hirschorn’s algorithm gives improved Settling Time (Ts) and Integral Square Error (ISE).

[Subbulekshmi, Kanakaraj. Linearization Algorithms for a Level and PH Process. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2528-2533]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 374

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.374

 

Keywords: Decoupling, Multivariable, Interacting, GMC, Hirchorn’s Algorithm

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Depressive disorder among brucellosis patients in Hamadan, Iran: A case-control study

 

Peyman Eini MD1 (Corresponding author), Mohammad Mehdi Majzoobi MD1, Mohammad Ahmadpanah2, Mojgan Mamani MD3

 

1. Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

3. Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressive disorder among brucellosis patient attending to the central university hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, the rate of depression was compared between 100 brucellosis patients as cases and 71 healthy controls. The depression was assessed with Zung Depression Scale and confirmed by a clinical psychologist. Results: The prevalence of depression in case and control group was 53% and 16.9%, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Iran is an endemic region for Brucella infection and there is a high rate of depression among brucellosis patients. Physicians should pay more attention to behavioral disorders in high risk patients with unexplained neurologic symptoms to rule out the infectious nature of such diseases.

[Peyman Eini, Mohammad Mehdi Majzoobi, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Mojgan Mamani. Depressive disorder among brucellosis patients in Hamadan, Iran: A case-control study. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2534-2537]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 375

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.375

 

Keywords: brucellosis, depression, Hamadan

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Biochemical and pathological study of protective effect of Vitamin A in Azathioprine - induced pancreas toxicity in Rat

 

1Rasoul Estakhri,2Ali Khodadadi, 3Mahsa Parnian, 4Babak Hajipour, 2Mehdi Kamalipour,5Maryam Mohsenikia, 6Ehsan Jangholi, 7Fereydoon Abedi

 

 1Departemnet of Pathology,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz,Iran

2 Resident of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran

3 Student of Guidance and counseling, Payame noor University (PNU) of Benis-Iran

4 Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia (Iran)

5,6Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University-Tehran Medical Branch,Tehran, Iran

6 Student Research committee, Islamic Azad University-Tehran Medical Branch,Tehran Iran

7 Student of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz – Iran.

Correspond author: Babak Hajipour; Email: hajipourb@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Azathioprine (AZA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing graft rejection and autoimmune disease. However, the therapeutic treatment induces several side effects such as toxicity to bone marrow, pancrease, liver and gastrointestinal tract. One of the major functions of Vitamin A is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. Considering the kind of Azathioprine-induced damage in Pancrease tissue, we decided to study the protective effect of Vitamin A against Azathiprine-induced toxicity. Forty Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (each group contains 10 rats). Group 1 was control group and only took normal saline. Groups 2 & 3 were administrated daily use of Vitamin A for 7 days I.M. and Group 4 was administrated with normal saline instead of Vitamin A in same condition as groups 2&3. In the last day groups 3 & 4 were administrated with single dose of AZA, 15 mg/kg (IP). After 24 hours, we took the animals blood and tissue samples and studied them for biochemical and pathological examinations. This study showed that Azathioprine-induced damage on pancrease in group 3 is less than that in group 4 while the function of organ in group 3 is nearly the same as control group. Also vitamin A decreases Azathioprine-induced toxicity on pancrease in rats. With Regard to importance of Azathioprine-induced damage, the usage rate of this drug in medicine, and the results of this study, we suggest that co-administration of Azathioprine and vitamin A decreases the toxicity of this drug.

[Rasoul Estakhri, Ali Khodadadi, Mahsa Parnian, Babak Hajipour, Mehdi Kamalipour, Maryam Mohsenikia, Jangholi, Fereydoon Abedi. Biochemical and pathological study of protective effect of Vitamin A in Azathioprine - induced pancreas toxicity in Rat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2538-2542] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 376

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.376

 

Keywords: Azathioprine, Pancrease toxicity, Vitamin A.

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Anew Shoe Decreases Pain and Fatigue in Ascending and Descending the stairs in patients with knee osteoarthritis

 

1Amir Mohammad Navali, 2Bina Eftekhar Sadat, 3Babak Hajipour. 2Reza Ranjbaran

 

1Department of Orthopedics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz(Iran)

2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz(Iran)

3Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia (Iran)

Corresponding Author: Babak Hajipour MD, Postbox:51385-3633, Tabriz (Iran); Tel:+98-9141075936; E-mail: Hajipourb@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common painful and chronic condition that affects a large proportion of the older population. Patients with knee OA often present with decreased stair climbing performance, measured as time needed to ascend and descend a given number of stairs, and stair climbing performance is frequently used as a measure of function in this patient group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new shoe on improving knee OA in ascending and descending the stairs in terms of pain and fatigue. Ninety-nine patients were divided into two group by gender and age adjustment. Group one consisted of forty nine patients, 44 (89.8%) female and 5 (10.2) male, mean age was 58.71±6.98 in this group. Group two was consisted of 50 patients 43 (86%) female and 7 (14%) male, mean age was 58.38±8.84 in this group. Visual analog scale (VAS) and fatigue score and duration of ascending and descending of stairs was studied in the patients with and without wearing the new shoe. VAS and fatigue score were lower in patients during wearing the designed shoe, although there was no significant difference in ascending and descending duration of stairs with or without shoe. Our experiment showed that a new designed shoe can improve OA patients in ascending or descending the stairs and improve their fatigue score, so it may be useful to improve their life quality through decreasing their pain in ascending and descending the stairs.

[Mohammad Navali, Bina Eftekhar Sadat, Babak Hajipour. Reza Ranjbaran. Anew Shoe Decreases Pain and Fatigue in Ascending and Descending the stairs in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2543-2549] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 377

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.377

 

Key words: Shoe - Pain - Fatigue - stairs – osteoarthritis.

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Double-blind comparison of intra pleural analgesia through a catheter and intra pleural analgesia through a catheter beside a chest tube

 

Touraj Asvadi Kermani1, Mehdi Zamiri 2, Saviz Pazhhan1, Shahin Mir Mohammad Sadeghi2, Babak Hajipour3,4, Hamze majidi4

 

1Assistant of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2Department of surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia,Iran.

4 Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz، Iran.

Correspond author: Babak Hajipour; Postbox:51385-3633,Tabriz city,Iran; E-mail, Hajipourb@yahoo.com; Tel:+98-9141075936

 

Abstract: Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure associated with severe pain. Operative morbidity rates reduce by effective postoperative pain control and the intensity of pain is exacerbated by ventilation. Thus, the goal of the clinician is to develop an analgesic regimen that provides effective pain relief to allow post operative thoracotomy patients the ability to maintain their functional residual capacity by deep breathing. One of these methods is insertion of an intrapleural catheters. In this study we tried to compare the efficacy of current method with the newer one, which is the implementation of a double lumen chest tube. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the chest tube catheter and intrapleural catheter for pain after thoracotomy. The study was double-blind and consisted of twenty patients undergoing thoracotomy and pulmonary mass resection (indicated because of malignancy or hydrated cyst) in Shahid Modarres hospital(Tehran, Iran) during September 2006 to march 2007. In our study, anesthetics did not make a difference in the 6th hour but improve pain indices in the 12th, 18th and 24th hour (only PHS).It can be postulated that during the first hours after the surgery the pain is too severe for the anesthetic to shoe significant improvement. Also, no significant difference was found between the routes of administration. This study shows that pleural anesthesia through a catheter secured in a tube is more favorable to intra pleural anesthesia through a catheter, concerning risk and surgery complications.

[Touraj Asvadi Kermani, Mehdi Zamiri, Saviz Pazhhan, Shahin Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Babak Hajipour, Hamze majidi. Double-blind comparison of intra pleural analgesia through a catheter and intra pleural analgesia through a catheter beside a chest tube. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2550-2555] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 378

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.378

 

Keywords: thoracotomy, local anesthesia, pain control, doubles lumen chest tube

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Comparison Of Direct Visual Inspection (DVI) With Pap Smear In Diagnosis Of Precancerous Lesion Of Cervix

 

Fatemeh Mallah1, Fatemeh Nazari1, Nazli Navali1, Babak Hajipour2.

 

 1. Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2.Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

Correspondin author:Babak Hajipour,Post bpx:51385-3633,Tabriz,Iran. Tel: +98-9141075936.

 

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare direct visual inspection (DVI) with Pap smear in diagnosis of precancerous lesion of cervix. A total of 1500 women were screened cytologically as well as clinically with direct visual inspection of cervix after application of acetic acid (DVI). A total of 1500 women were screened cytologically as well as clinically with direct visual inspection of cervix after application of acetic acid (DVI). Women with abnormal findings in either Pap smear or DVI were investigated with colposcopy and biopsies were obtained from colposcopically assessed abnormal lesions. Seven women had abnormal Pap smear (6 ASCUS, 1 CIN1) with colposcopy and biopsies. 3 of 7 were actually positive. All of 3 positive tests were positive in DVI but one of the 4 false- positive tests was positive in DVI. Nine women had abnormal DVI which colposcopy and biopsies confirmed 8 of them as premalignant or malignant lesions of cervix. Two of them were invasive cancer (negative Pap smears), 3 CIN1 (one of them negative in Pap smear, one CIN1, one ASCUS), 2 CIN2 (one of them negative in Pap smear, one ASCUS) and 1 CIN3 (negative Pap smear). Test efficiency parameters particularly sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of DVI were 88.8%, 99.9% and 88.8%, respectively; those of Pap smear were 37.5%, 99.06%, 42.85%, respectively. Direct visual inspection (DVI) is feasible and easy to perform with superior sensitivity and specificity to Pap smear in detecting cervical premalignant and malignant lesions. Direct visual inspection can be used as an efficient primary screening tool with a satisfactory low biopsy rate in low resources settings.

[Fatemeh Mallah, Fatemeh Nazari, Nazli Navali, Babak Hajipour. Comparison Of Direct Visual Inspection (DVI) With Pap Smear In Diagnosis Of Precancerous Lesion Of Cervix Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2556-2560] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 379

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.379

 

Key word: Direct visual inspection, Pap smear, Cervix.

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Heterologous reconstitution the polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Arabidopsis thaliana

 

Yun-tao Li 1, 2*, Yuan-min Zhu1, Chun-hua Fu1, Mao-teng Li1* *, Long-jiang Yu1

 

1 College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

2 College of Life Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China

** Corresponding author. Address: Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China. E-mail: limaoteng426@mail.hust.edu.cn. Tel.: +86 (27) 87792264; Fax: +86(27)87792265.

 

Abstract: The genes encoding Δ6 desaturase, Δ6 fatty acid elongase, and Δ5 desaturase from the alga, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were co-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the Brassica napus napin promoter to produce arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4 Δ5, 8, 11, 14) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 Δ5, 8, 11, 14, 17). ARA and EPA accumulated up to 0.5% and 0.05% of total fatty acids, respectively, in the transgenic A. thaliana. The conversion efficiencies of desaturation steps in n6 (18.6% and 23.8%) and n3 (6% and 9%) were different. The efficiency in n6 pathways was higher than that of in n3 pathways.

[Yun-tao Li, Yuan-min Zhu, Chun-hua Fu, Mao-teng Li, Long-jiang Yu. Heterologous reconstitution the polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Arabidopsis thaliana. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2561-2565] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 380

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.380

 

Keywords: Desaturase; Elongase; Arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid; Arabidopsis thaliana; Transformation

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Detection of cambylobacter spp. in stool samples by new methods in comparison to culture

 

Mona Z Zaghloul, Naglaa Farouk and Zeinab Ali Galal

 

Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

monazaki_810@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Campylobacter enteritis is a food-borne or waterborne illness caused by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, by Campylobacter coli. The aim of this study to compare Campylobacter spp. detection by molecular method (multiplex polymerase chain reaction) and by 2 immunoenzymatic methods (Premier CAMPY and ImmunoCard Stat Campy to the culture on Skirrow's medium. Subjects and methods: In this study 350 stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from gastroenteritis manifestations with a mean age of 58.5 years. Faecal samples were subjected to culture on Skirrow's selective media, multiplex PCR and 2 immunoenzymatic methods, Premier CAMPY ELISA and ImmunoCard Stat Campy. Results: Out of 350 stool specimens tested, 23 (6.6%) fulfilled the positivity criteria, i.e., they were positive by culture method or, in case of a negative culture, by a positive molecular method and a positive immunoenzymatic method,16 were positive by culture and 7 were culture negative but positive by both a molecular method (multiplex PCR) and an immunoenzymatic method. The Campylobacter species identified by culture were 10 (62.5%) C. jejuni and 6 (37.5%) C. coli while multiplex PCR identified 13 (56.5%) C. jejuni, 8 (34.8%) C. coli and 2 (8.7%) as mixed C. jejuni and C. coli. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was higher than the ELISA and ImmunoCard Stat Campy tests (100%, 95.6% and 86.9% respectively) while the ImmunoCard Stat Campy had higher specificity than the ELISA and multiplex PCR (98.7%, 98.1% and 97.9 % respectively). Conclusion: Multiplex PCR is attractive as it enables the detection and speciation of campylobacter. Also the procedure of the multiplex PCR had a rapid turnaround time of 6 h. The Premier CAMPY ELISA was rapid and had acceptable performance sensitivity of 95.6%.

[Mona Z Zaghloul, Naglaa Farouk and Zeinab Ali Galal. Detection of cambylobacter spp. in stool samples by new methods in comparison to culture. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2566-2571]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 381

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.381

 

Key words: Campylobacter, Gastroenteritis, Polymerase chain reaction, Skirrow’s medium

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Virulence of two Entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis zealandica) to Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Tenebrio Molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and pupae in the laboratory

 

Lubanza Ngoma1*, Mirabel Akwa Nyamboli 2, Vince Gray3, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola1

 

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.

2 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

3 School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. jclubanza@yahoo.co.uk or jclubanza@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Heterorhabditis zealandica (JF416797) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (JF416798) were evaluated for their virulence and reproductive potential using Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor larvae and Tenebrio molitor pupae. Data obtained 24 hours post Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Heterorhabditis zealandica application showed no significant differences in mortality (P = 0.1379) for all insect hosts. At 48 hours, insect mortality was highest at all dosages for Heterorhabditis zealandica (P = 0.7846) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (P = 0.7975). No significant differences were noted at 72 hours (Heterorhabditis zealandica: P = 0.1555; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora P = 0.2444) and 96 hours Heterorhabditis zealandica: P = 0.0850; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora: P = 0.4662). The reproductive test showed that Galleria mellonella produced the highest number of Heterorhabditis zealandica: 220500 ± 133933 infective juveniles, followed by Tenebrio molitor: 152133 ± 45466 infective juveniles and the lowest was pupae: 103366 ± 56933 infective juveniles. For Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, the highest number was observed in Tenebrio molitor exposed to 500 infective juveniles: 197666.6 infective juveniles/cadaver and Galleria mellonella exposed to 10 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora: 147933.333 infective juveniles/cadaver. The least number of progeny was produced by pupae: 13533.33 infective juveniles. The conclusion is that both nematodes have killed insects (particularly Heterorhabditis zealandica), and field testing is warranted.

[Ngoma L, Nyamboli MA, Gray VM, Babalola OO. Virulence of two Entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis zealandica) to Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Tenebrio Molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and pupae in the laboratory. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2572-2579] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 382

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.382

 

Keywords: Galleria mellonella larvae; Tenebrio molitor larvae; pupae; Heterorhabditis zealandica; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; virulence; biological control.

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Secured disclosure of data in multiparty clustering

 

G. Kirubhakar 1, Dr. C. Venkatesh 2

 

1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Surya Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India

1. ergalaxy81@gmail.com, kirubhakarg@gmail.com

2. Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Erode Builder Educational Trust’s Group of Institutions, Kangayam, Tamilnadu, India

2. dean.foe@ebet.edu.in

 

Abstract: Data mining can extract important knowledge from large data collections sometimes these collections are distributed among multiple parties. Privacy concerns may prevent the parties from directly sharing the data and some type of information about data. This work presents a distributed privacy-preserving k-clustering. K-means were used for clustering and that will be applied to the data bases that are distributed between many parties. The participants of the protocol learn only the final cluster centers on completion of the protocol. It uses data perturbation techniques for securing the information about data.

[G. Kirubhakar, C. Venkatesh. Secured disclosure of data in multiparty clustering. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2580-2585]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 383

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.383

 

Keywords: security, privacy, data dissemination, clustering, multiparty

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Identifying and Prioritization Effective Factors in TQM implementation Using AHP and DEMATEL Methods

 

1Reza Kiani mavi, 2*Shahram madanshekaf, 3Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani, 4Davood Gharakhani

 

1Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

2*Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

Shahram madanshekaf (Corresponding author)

3Assistant Professor, Department of Management, South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran

4Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is Identifying and Prioritization Effective Factors in TQM implementation Using AHP and DEMATEL Methods. TQM is universally accepted as one of the most understood change management programmes and is one of the strategies for confronting the global competitive challenge facing both manufacturing and service industries. The study involved a comprehensive literature survey as well as information and data collected in the Golrang Company in Iran. In this study were used two types of questionnaires, AHP questionnaire and DEMATEL questionnaire. After identified the hierarchical decision tree, In order to gather these data, AHP questionnaire is designed and distributed among 15 experts in Golrang Company. The study result shows that the main factors in TQM implementation are Management factors and quality factors (by AHP approach) and effective factors are Top management support and Quality management process (by DEMATEL approach).

[Reza Kiani mavi, Shahram madanshekaf, Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani, Davood Gharakhani. Identifying and Prioritization Effective Factors in TQM implementation Using AHP and DEMATEL Methods. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2586-2592]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 384

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.384

 

Keywords: Total quality management, Analytic hierarchy process, DEMATEL

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Mechanism of injury mechanism of boys’ amateur epical athletes in Kyokushin ka, Karate and Aikido

 

Dr. Mohsen Ghofrani1, Seyyed Hamed Mousavi2

 

1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2. MA in Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises

m.ghorani18@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this purpose was to compare injury mechanism in boys’ amateur epical athletes in Kyokushin, Karate and Aikido. 95 Aikido athletes, 83 Kyokushin ka athletes, 76 Karate ka were randomly selected from Shiraz clubs. Data were analyzed by Χ2 test. The results showed that the rate of injuries in Kyokoshin was (24.1%), Karate (19.5%) (X2=448.46, P=0.000). In all three fields, there were injuries in lower limbs more than other organs, but the highest were in Aikido (68.4%). Also, in Karate the technical error of partner, in Aikido the kick of partner and in Kyokoshin, knockdown were recognized as important mechanisms of injuries causes. The rate of incidences of practicing sessions were significantly higher than competition sessions (X2=274.1, p=0.000). The results showed that the incident of injuries in Aikido were more than Karate and Kyokoshin. The received results in this research indicated the measure of high prevalence of injury in Aikido to ways of Qukshin and Karate. Aikido is an encounter sport, nevertheless the control ways of Karate were done under the semi – encounter laws and it has been caused the prevalence of fewer injuries in this way. So, the interested persons are recommended to partnership in the control ways of Karate.

[Mohsen Ghofrani, Seyyed Hamed Mousavi. Mechanism of injury mechanism of boys’ amateur epical athletes in Kyokushin ka, Karate and Aikido. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2593-2597] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 385

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.385

 

Key words: amateur athletes, Aikido, Karate, Kyokushin ka

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A Study of the Relationship between Free Cash Flow and Debt

 

Peyman Imanzadeh1, Rademan Malihi Shoja2, Akbar Poursaleh3

 

1. Talesh branch, Islamic Azad University, Talesh, Iran

2. MSc Student in Accounting, Gilan University

3. Khalkhal branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran

 

Abstract: The increasing expansion and complexity of economic activities on the one hand and the necessity to provide accurate accounting information on the other underline the necessity of doing research on accounting issues. The results of these studies can serve as a tool for the accounting community for providing transparent information. Financial statements are the best means for providing financial information to users that helps them in making financial decisions. Financial statements must present a record of the financial activities of a business or entity in a structured fashion. Financial statements must include statement of cash flows. Considering the importance of free cash in repaying debts and liabilities, we decided to examine the relationship between free cash flow and debt in the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.

[Peyman Imanzadeh, Rademan Malihi Shoja, Akbar Poursaleh. A Study of the Relationship between Free Cash Flow and Debt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2598-2603] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 386

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.386

 

Keywords: free cash flow, debt, investment opportunities, correlation matrix

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Relationship between organizational structure and knowledge management among staff managers of physical education organization

 

1Mahmud Gudarzi, 2Mojtaba Abutorabi, 3Mohsen Ghofrani

 

1. Associate Prof., Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran.

2. MA in Sport Management, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran

3. Assistant Prof., Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zadedan, Iran.

 

Abstract: In order to gain and sustain a competitive advantage in the global economy, today’s organizations need to effectively mobilize their knowledge resources. Knowledge management is the organizational optimization of knowledge to achieve enhanced performance through the use of various methods and techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational structure and knowledge management among staff mangers of physical education organization. The method of this research was descriptive-survey and correlation. First data gathered by field method via censes of staff managers of physical education organization by two questionnaires. The content validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by officers of management faculty of university of Tehran and their reliabilities were obtained by Krunbakh Alpha again (KM=0.87 and organizational structure=0.82). Finally 38 questionnaires were returned and analyzed (n=38). Results were optioned by SPSS in tow levels of descriptive (internal tendency, variability) and inferential (Spearman and Pearson correlation) Statistics. The significant relationship was showed between formalization with knowledge creation and transfer(p= 0.011) (p= 0.006) and high level of formalization with down levels of creation and transfer of knowledge were correlated (r=-0.381)(r=-0.241).The relationships between centralization and creation and transfer of knowledge were significant (p=0.012)(p=0.001) and high level of centralization with down levels of creation and transfer of knowledge were correlated (r=-0.421)(r=-0.525). There was no significant relationship between complexity and knowledge creation (p=0.063) but the relationship between complexity and knowledge transfer was significant (p= 0.032) that high level of complexity correlated with high level of knowledge transfer (r=-0.229).The relationship between creation and transfer of knowledge was significant (p=0.00) which high levels of those were correlated (r= 0.677). With corrective of organizational structure can provide field for application of knowledge management.

[Mahmud Gudarzi, Mojtaba Abutorabi, Mohsen Ghofrani. Relationship between organizational structure and knowledge management among staff managers of physical education organization. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2604-2609] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 387

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.387

 

Keywords: Knowledge, Knowledge Management, organizational structure, Staff manager.

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Studying the effect of 8 weeks corrective exercise program on student's scoliosis changes.

 

1Farhad Kouhi Achachlouei, 2Mehdi Abbaszadegan, 3Sakene Aminnjad, 4Mohammad Nasiri

 

1,2Department of Physical Education, Maku Branch, Ialamic Azad University, Maku, Iran

3Maku Education Department, Iran

4Department of Physical Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,Iran

farhad.kouhi@yahoo.co

 

Abstract:Present research studies the effect of 8 weeks corrective exercise program on student's scoliosis changes in primary school. 330 students screened randomly using New York test. Among them, 48 students had scoliosis deformity with different intensities. Then, Adams test delineated that among them 41 students were type II scoliosis (functional). Among students with functional scoliosis, 20 and 23 students selected to control and experiment groups respectively, and experiment group participated in a corrective exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Results from post-test analyzed by using T-student test at 95% confidence level. Results showed that there are significant relationship between scoliosis intensity of experiment and control groups, and rate of scoliosis outbreak and students age (P≤ 0/05).

 [Farhad Kouhi Achachlouei, Mehdi Abbaszadegan, Sakene Aminnjad, Mohammad Nasiri. Studying the effect of 8 weeks corrective exercise program on student's scoliosis changes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2610-2612] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 388

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.388

 

Key words: scoliosis, students, corrective exercise program.

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The Effect of Coach Stability on the Performance of Football Teams in Iran Pro League

 

Farideh Hadavi1,Mohhammad Soltani2, Lila Sabbaghian Rad3 Khalil Alavi4

 

1. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Eslamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2. Tehran Province Sport & Adolescent Org, Tehran- Iran

3. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of coach stability on the performance of the football teams in Iran Pro League (IPL).The population of the research consisted of 18 football teams in the 2009-2010 season of IPL and the required data was collected from archival documents of the league department of Iran’s Football Federation. The difference in the performance of teams with and without coach stability was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Performance was examined with respect to eight measures: points, rank, wins, draws, losses, goals for, goals against, goal difference, and coach stability (i.e. whether or not the coach has been fired during the studied season). From the 18 studied teams, 33.33% had coach stability, while 66.67% of the teams had changed their coaches at least once during the season. The mean coaching life in the studied season is 16.1 weeks. Coach stability has been effective for the performance of teams in terms of points (z=-2.29, p=0.022), rank (z=-2.34, p=0.019), wins (z=-2.13, p= 0.033), draws (z=-54.2, p=0.011), and goal difference (z=-1.96, p=0.049). The findings of the research show that instability and coach turnover is a common issue in IPL. Although managers change the coach in order to get better results, the results of the research suggest the ineffectiveness of this strategy.

[Farideh Hadavi, Mohhammad Soltani, Lila Sabbaghian Rad Khalil Alavi. The Effect of Coach Stability on the Performance of Football Teams in Iran Pro League. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2613-2616] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 389

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.389

 

Keywords: Iran Pro League, performance, football teams, coach stability

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The Relationship between Power Bases of Sports Federations’ Presidents with Employees Job Performance and Job Satisfaction

 

Tahereh Nedaee1, Khalil Alavi2, Seyedeh Farideh Hadavi3, Lila Sabbaghian Rad4

 

1, 2. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

3. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Eslamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between power bases of sports federations' presidents (PBSP-other) with employee's job performance and job satisfaction (both from the viewpoint of employees). The population in this study consisted of the employees of sports federations including experts, chiefs and vise chiefs of federation committees, among whom 288 people were selected as the statistical sample. The POSP-other questionnaire (with 15 questions in 9-point Likert scales) and employees’ job performance and job satisfaction questionnaires with 4 questions and 6 questions, in 5-point Likert scales respectively, were confirmed after being translated and approved by 30 experts in the fields of language, management and physical education. Internal consistency of the questionnaires was estimated using Cronbach's alpha which obtained α=0.95, α= 0.83 and α= 0.66 for power, employee's job performance and job satisfaction from their points of view, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze all the hypotheses. The results indicated that employees believed that presidents of sports federations had legitimate, referent, expert, reward and coercive power bases, respectively, and a significant relationship was found between PBSP-other with job performance (r=0.158) and job satisfaction (r=0.155). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that, among power bases of sports federations; referent power base was a better predictor for employees’ job performance and job satisfaction.

[Tahereh Nedaee, Khalil Alavi, Seyedeh Farideh Hadavi, Lila Sabbaghian Rad. The Relationship between Power Bases of Sports Federations’ Presidents with Employees Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2617-2624]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 390

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.390

 

Keywords: Power bases, Federations' presidents, Federations' employees, Employees’ job performance, Employees’ job satisfaction

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The Study of Factors Pertaining to Administrators' Empowerment Kaleibar schools, Iran

 

 Dr. Sadegh Maleki Avarsin1 and Habibeh Najafi Kaleybar2

 

 1Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran

 2 M.A in Educational Management, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of the present descriptive study was to analyze the factors associated with empowering administrators in Kaleibar schools, Iran. The population of the study includes all 114 administrators in Kaleibar region. The sample comprises 86 administrators who were selected based on stratified random sampling. Thomas and Woolthoss’ empowerment questionnaires, as well as a questionnaire, measuring the factors influencing the empowerment, were employed to collect the data. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used for analyzing the data. The results show that there is a significant relationship between education, job satisfaction, and information technology and administrators' empowerment. However, no significant relationship was observed between motivation and cooperativeness and the administrators' empowerment.

[Sadegh Maleki Avarsin and Habibeh Najafi Kaleybar. The Study of Factors Pertaining to Administrators' Empowerment Kaleibar schools, Iran Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2625-2629] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 391

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.391

 

Key words: education, cooperativeness, job satisfaction, motivation, information technology, empowerment

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Relationship between Manufacturer Product Strategies and Supply Chain Inventory in a Company

 

Jafari Ali1, Rasouli Dizaji Mohammad 2, Komari Alaie Mohammad Reza 3

 

1. Department of Management & accounting, Faculty of Human Science, Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Bonab, Iran.

2. Department of Management & accounting, Faculty of Human Science, Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Bonab, Iran.

3. Department of Management, Hacettepe University, 06800Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between manufacturer product strategies with supply chain inventory an Iran Company. For this purpose the relationship between manufacturer product strategies with hierarchical structure and flexibility manufacturing strategies with supply chain inventory were investigated. This study is of applied and survey type. The statistical society used in this research include, marketing managers, production and financial managers and industry engineers that work in Company. The number of mangers mentioned above is 25 that were chosen as our statistical society. The capacity of sample statistic is equal of 20 that, is selected by class accidental sampling. The methods of gathering of information in this research is questionnaire. Also designed on the basis of 5 selection Likert scale. The Crombach was equal a=0.855 and it has enough credit. In this research the relationship between manufacturer product strategies and supply chain inventory collection from among the scholars in different parts of the industry who are working in production management, financial management, industrial management and marketing departments of different firms and the case sample comprised warehouse suppliers' chain of the firms. The hypotheses of this research are analysed by Chi-square test and variance analysis (ANOVA) of statistic exam. The results of research show that there is no relationship between the manufacturer product strategies and hierarchical structure but there is a relationship between supply chain inventory and hierarchical structure. Similarly, there is a relationship between flexible manufacturing strategies and supply chain inventory.

[Jafari Ali, Rasouli Dizaji Mohammad, Komari Alaie Mohammad Reza. Relationship between Manufacturer Product Strategies and Supply Chain Inventory in a Company. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2630-2638] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 392

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.392

 

Key words: Manufacturer Product Strategy, Flexibility manufacturing strategy, Cost leadership strategy, Supply chain Inventory, Supply chain inventory management

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Expert System for Offline Clinical Guidelines and Treatment

 

Tanzila Saba1, Saleh Al-Zahrani2 and Amjad Rehman1

 

1Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia

2Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences. Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University Riyadh KSA

 

Abstract: Offline clinical guidelines are typically designed to integrate a clinical knowledge base, patient data and an inference engine to generate case specific advice. In this regard, offline clinical guidelines are still popular among the healthcare professionals for updating and support of clinical guidelines. Although their current format and development process have several limitations, these could be improved with artificial intelligence approaches such as expert systems/decision support systems. This paper first, presents up to date critical review of existing clinical expert systems namely AAPHelpm, MYCIN, EMYCIN, PIP, GLIF and PROforma. Additionally, an analysis is performed to evaluate all these fundamental clinical expert systems. Finally, this paper presents the proposed research and development of a clinical expert system to help healthcare professionals for treatment.

[Saba T, Al-Zaharani S, Rehman A. Expert System for Offline Clinical Guidelines and Treatment. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2639-2658] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 393.

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.393

 

Keywords: Expert system, Quality of Information (QoI), Clinical guidelines, Diagnosis, Treatment.

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Collapse of Authenticity of Artistic Work

 

Yousef Afarini

 

Department of Art and Architecture, Sepidan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sepidan, Iran.

sepidanfaculty@gmail.com, yafarini@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The epoch in which we live is the collapse of authority. Postmodernism and its synonymous terms is the condition which covered the western civilization in the second half of twentieth century. This condition has challenged all the authorities before itself. Authenticity of the artist work is also an authority which is broken in this period. The study tries to show that the present epoch is the collapse of grant-narratives including the artistic work. In this period, the following grant-narratives are challenged and refused: “human” as the subject of episteme, authenticity of artistic work, author, reason, reality, “truth”, matanarratives, modern religion and morality and theory of progress. The research dominantly focuses on the refusal of authority of the artist work which is appeared in parallel to the collapse of other authorities. In his famous article “the Artistic Work in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”, Walter Benjamin tried to link the cultural avant-garde and new Mass Media and put their emancipator power in the opposition point of traditional myth of “autonomous” artistic work. He coinaged the “Mechanical Reproduction” term to refer to any form of cultural production the trait of which is partly widespread reproduction of the cultural artifacts through machinery technologies in which each copy or a version is not less or more “authentic” than the other copies. In this case, the real problem is not merely technology because the mechanical reproduction even transforms the nature of aesthetic experience. Benjamin argues that a huge part of aesthetic power of traditional artistic work is originated in its position as incomparable and unique object. In this field, he applies the term “halo” in order to refer to the composition of authenticity, authority and uniqueness in the artistic work and he believes that the three traits have been tied inseparably. Now, the artistic work-which was a unique available version-is no more unique and the incomparable “versions (Monaliza) are generally available with excellent quality. The author tries to show that the mass media has removed the holiness and solemnity of the artistic work in our contemporary times.

[Yousef Afarini. Collapse of Authenticity of Artistic Work. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2659-2664] ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 394

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.394

 

Key words: Postmodernism, refusal of authority, authenticity of artistic work, avant-garde, mechanical reproduction.

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Partial edentulism: a five year survey on the prevalence and pattern of tooth loss in a sample of patients attending King Abdul Aziz University - Faculty of Dentistry.

 

Lana A. Shinawi

 

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. lshinawi@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: There is little if any documentation regarding the pattern of tooth loss among the adult population living in Saudi Arabia, especially in the western region. The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of tooth loss in patients treated at King Abdul Aziz University – Faculty of Dentistry and to compare it over five years with the documentation of the number and types of removable partial dentures provided as well as patients gender, nationality and mother tongue. Materials and methods: the dental records of patients treated by sixth year students at King Abdul Aziz University - Faculty of Dentistry during the academic years 2004 and 2009 were reviewed to record patients' nationality, age, gender, mother tongue and Kennedy classification in both arches. The type and number of removable prosthesis provided were also noted. Results: Descriptive analysis and comparison between the groups was performed using Micro soft excel statistical programme. A total of 293 charts were reviewed and Kennedy Class III was found to be the most common classification in the entire sample. The construction of definitive removable partial dentures was three folds that of transitional removable partial dentures. Conclusion: in a selected sample of patients receiving dental treatment at the faculty of dentistry in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, the most common pattern of partial edentulism was Kennedy Class III and definitive partial dentures was the first choice for treatment with removable prosthesis.

[Lana A. Shinawi. Partial edentulism: a five year survey on the prevalence and pattern of tooth loss in a sample of patients attending King Abdul Aziz University - Faculty of Dentistry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2665-2671]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 395

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.395

 

Keywords: Partial Edentulism, RPD, Kennedy Classification.

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Study And Development of Governmental Services Cost Price Accounting Model in Iran

 

1- Nasrollah Janafzaei[1], 2- Dr. Gholam Hossein Khorshidi

 

1- Faculty of Accounting, PhD Candidate, State Agrarian university of Armenia

2- Professor, Shahid Beheshti University-Tehran

E-mail: janafzai@yahoo.com

 

ABSTRACT: The transition to the international methodology of cost accounting and statistics has exclude “non production sector” concept, which has been continously applied in the service sector in the practice of Islamic Republic of Iran. During recent years, the service sector has continued to be one of the most developing sectors of the world economy. In most developing countries, as a consequence of restrictions on activities, the private sector is not built on firm grounds and therefore, does not function effectively. On the other hand, the public sector holds a major portion of the economic activities and takes a big part in produceing goods and providing services at a single-rate price: mostly determined by the legal and supervisory authorities. As a result of this practice, in our country, there have been continously raising difference between the final cost of the production and price of goods (service). There are factors affecting to that, among them lack of a suitable system for calculating the final cost and lack of information transparency related to the quality of products are of importance. The research is an applied study in the field of industrial (cost) accounting. It focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of the cost accounting systems and its development in companies with 51% or more state shareholding. As information source, the library study and service of the statistical center of Iran has been used, along with the accounting records of the organizations under study and the state budget data. For collecting empirical data, a set of questionnaire with 30 questions has been used. Different public organizations have been chosen, out of which 100 different professionals were participated in the survey. The questionnaire results then were analyzed to reach a conclusion and make recommendations. In addition, there is also a description of limitations to the study.

[Nasrollah Janafzaei, Gholam Hossein Khorshidi. Taxonomic Study And Development of GovernmentalServices Cost Price Accounting Model in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2672-2684] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 396

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.396

 

Key words: cost accounting system, managerial accounting, production cost, public companies, cost of goods, price, information transparency, users of financial reports

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Effect of NATO expansion into the Central Asia and the Caucasus and Russia's reaction to it

 

Iraj Mazarei

 

PhD student in political science, University of Kerala, India

dr.sheikhy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the impact of NATO expansion into Central Asia and the Caucasus and Russia's reaction to it. First, the objectives and impact of NATO expansion into the Central Asia and the Caucasus were investigated. Then the causes of Republics of Central Asia and Caucasus cooperation with NATO were analyzed and investigated. The results indicate that the factors such as fear of Russia re-domination, inability in providing the national security, potential disputes in the Caucasus and fear of political Islam are the reasons for the cooperation and relationship between NATO and Asia Central and the Caucasus. Finally, the reasons and rate of association of each of the countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus with NATO was investigated. In summary, it can be stated that Russia believes that the expansion of NATO into Russia has a mutual and direct effect on reducing the power of Russia in the international system.

[Iraj Mazarei. Effect of NATO expansion into the Central Asia and the Caucasus and Russia's reaction to it. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2685-2692] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 297

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.397

 

Keyword: NATO expansion, Central Asia, Caucasus, Russia's reaction

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Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Zafirlukast in Bulk and in Drug Formulations

 

Amal Mahmoud Abou Al Alamein

 

Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Kasr El Aini St, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.

amal_alamein@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Simple, accurate and reliable kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of zafirlukast (ZAF) in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical formulation. The proposed method depends on hydrolysis of zafirlukast using 1M NaOH at 100°C for 2.5 hours and subsequent reaction of the formed degradation product which contains primary amino (NH2-) group with 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3 diazole (NBD-Cl) at 90 ± 5 ºC to form a yellow colored chromogen. The formed color is spectrophotometrically measured after 10 min at 466 nm. The fixed time method was adopted for constructing the calibration curve. The linearity range was found to be 0.5-3 μg mL-1, and the limit of detection is 0.139 μg mL-1. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of hydrolyzed zafirlukast in pharmaceutical dosage forms with no interference from the excipients. Statistical comparison of the results shows that there is no significant difference between the proposed and official methods.

[Amal Mahmoud Abou Al Alamein. Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Zafirlukast in Bulk and in Drug Formulations. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2693-2701]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 398

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.398

 

Keywords: Zafirlukast; alkaline hydrolysis; kinetic spectrophotometry; 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3 diazole (NBD-Cl).

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Specifying balance in expense and time as a result of changing method of collecting and transporting rubbish at 22 districts of Tehran

 

 1*Mozhgan Moharrami and 2Ajdar Akson

 

1M.A in accounting, Accounting Department,Qods Branch,Islamic Azad University,Qods City, Iran

2Ajdar akson: M.A in Accounting،, Accounting Department,PARS ABADB Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran.

 *Corresponding Author: Mozhgan Moharrami

E-mail: Marzi_04@yahoo.com, Phone No: 00989124906374

 

Abstract: The present research deals with specifying balance in expense and time as a result of changing method of collecting and transporting rubbish at 22 districts of Tehran. A research methodology is library &field if pacification of research is observed on goal, the present research is among applied research and based on infereneil-method it is descriptive research in wich with respect to design, the present research amonge post –event research. On this basis besides comprehensive study on related thematic literature and by using 8 aspects conceptual model and field studies at 22 districts of Tehran, have intended to collect data in 4 aspects related to time and 4 aspects related to cost. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS and Excel software. Results of this research indicate that upon changing traditional method to mechanized method, time of collecting rubbish, coming and going time, time of stop at place of discharging rubbish and time out of path(waste time) is decreased. Also within 4 aspects related to cost upon changing traditional method to mechanized method the cost of collecting and carrying rubbish, strategic cost and maintenance cost, cost of investment are increased and only cost of human work force is decreased. In general the results indicate that within aspect of time we are facing with decreasing time but in aspect of cost we are facing with increase. At the end of research, besides offering results and findings in detail the aforesaid issues are concluded, discussion and comparison, applied suggestions and suggestions related to continuation and following up similar researches are offered in future.

[Mozhgan Moharrami and Ajdar Akson. Specifying balance in expense and time as a result of changing method of collecting and transporting rubbish at 22 districts of Tehran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2702-2715]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 399

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.399

 

Key Words: Time, Expense, Rubbish, Collection, Changing Method

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Effect of Biological Fertilizers on Germination Indices in Wheat Cultivars With Drought In Greenhouse

 

 Elena Khabiri*, Yousef Alaei, Seyed sajjad moosavi, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah and Maryam Jafari

 

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 Corresponding author*: Elena Khabiri; Email: Elena.khabiri@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: To determine aminol-forte and fosnutren, as two biological fertilizers containing amino acids, effects on 11 bread wheat cultivars in Ardabil IAU research greenhouse a research was carried out in factorial completely randomized block design with three replications. Factor A in two conditions (drought and normal), factor B in three levels (water, aminol-forte and fosnutren) and factor C included 11 bread wheat cultivars. Results suggested that there was a significant difference between test conditions based on all measured indices at 1%. Also there was a significant difference between studied cultivars based on assessed properties at 1 to 5%. There was a significant difference between fertilizer levels based on germination speed coefficient, ultimate germination percentage, germination rate index and daily average germination rate at 5%. The test conditions interaction in biologic fertilizers in all studied traits were significant at 1%. The results to the means comparison suggested that genotypes of Kuhdasht with a mean of 57.57, Saisons with a mean of 57.13, Azar 2 with a mean of 56.64 and Zagros with a mean of 56.60 had the highest germination duration mean and Chamran genotype with a mean of 46.39 had the lowest germination duration mean. On germination rate, also, Chamran genotype with a mean of 0.0218 had the best and Kuhdasht and Saisons genotypes with means of 0.0173 and 0.0175, respectively, had the lowest germination rate. Results to the data mean comparisons on fertilizer levels indicated that fosnutren liquid fertilizer was the best genotype in germination rate coefficient, germination duration mean and germination rate index. Finally, it could be mentioned that applying biological fertilizers which contain amino acids, could play a great positive role in wheat germination indices.

 [Elena Khabiri, Yousef Alaei, Seyed sajjad moosavi, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah and Maryam Jafari. Effect of Biological Fertilizers on Germination Indices in Wheat Cultivars With Drought In Greenhouse. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2716-2720]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 400

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.400

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Comparison of analytical and experimental results of ductility factor in reinforced concrete structures

 

Hamid Reza Ashrafi1, Hossein Behsan2 and Neda esmaeili3

 

1Professor Assistant, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
h.r.ashrafi@razi.ac.ir

2M.Sc. student, Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University,Tehran, hossein_behsan@hotmail.com

3M.Sc. student, Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University,Tehran

esmaeili_ne@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In seismic areas, ductility is an important factor in design of concrete members under flexure; it is due to the increase in capacity of plastic displacement. As a result, the inertial forces imposed on the structures can be decreased. The effective factors on ductility are; concrete compression strength fc, the percentage of tension and compression steel, ρ and ρ′, the amount of stirrups confinement for concrete ρc, the stirrups spacing, brittle effect of concrete strength, yield stress of longitudinal bars fy and the effect of width to the depth of the section b/h. Perhaps the most simple and general definition for section ductility of members is defined, as the ratio of curvatures at ultimate load to curvatures at yield load (μ=φuy).In this paper, a proposed method was considered to calculate the flexural curvature ductility ratio of reinforced concrete (RC) sections. Based on the proposed method, computer software was produced to calculate the curvature ductility in confined RC beams. The method is based on actual characteristics of a concrete flexural section by considering almost all effective ductility parameters such as available experimental concrete compression diagrams. By the developed software, the ductility factor of 250 beams under efficient circumstances were investigated completely. The nonlinear multiple regression analyses were also performed for these 250 beams and a direct equation is introduced to determine the ductility factor. Based on the obtained experimental results a comparison was made between the proposed direct method and experimental results, and it was shown that a good agreement is available.

 [Hamid Reza Ashrafi, Hossein Behsan and Neda esmaeili. Comparison of analytical and experimental results of ductility factor in reinforced concrete structures. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2721-2734]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 401

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.401

 

Keywords: ductility, flexural member, RC, nonlinear multiple regression

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A Survey of the Life and Time of Aboulkhir Khan the Shaibani as Reflected in the Moghimkhani Biographies and Sparsely in other Authentic Historical Documents

 

 Mohammad Geraili Kerapi

Department of History,Ali Abad katoul branch, Islamic Azad University,Ali abad katoul, Iran

E-mail: mohammad.geraili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: AboulKhir Khan was the founder of She banyan government in Qabchaq plain in Transoxiana. First he accession to the throne in Tourette, located in western Siberia, in support of most Uzbek tribes, and took the Sheibanyan families under his command by the year 834 A.D. (Hejira) and after a while he could dominate Qabchaq plain. He decided to leave his authority locality in the western Siberia to north lands of Oxus (Amu Darya). He was able to unite the tribes of Uzbek and establish a unified government from Qabchaq field to the borders of sea. What made him powerful was the support of Peter, the Great. Another factor to his authority and great power was the support of great Uzbek tribes. So he could capture major parts of Transoxiana by their help and protection and seized Khoazmia, the important city. He also decided to attack to Samarqand during Alagh-Beig Timurid and because of his authority in the area, Timurid rulers were always regarding him. Then they decided to ask him for help during their battles which is one of the most important and noticeable points in his system of government. He was a person who united vast area of Uzbek tribes during his rule of forty years.The researcher in this paper states that Aboulkhir khans rule in Qabchaq plain shows his forty years government, which has been written using historical authentic texts and the researcher attempted to survey both the sensitive history of Transoxiana and the brilliant history of Central Asia which are useful to scholars.

 [Mohammad Geraili Kerapi. A Survey of the Life and Time of Aboulkhir Khan the Shaibani as Reflected in the Moghimkhani Biographies and Sparsely in other Authentic Historical Documents. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2735-2739]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 402

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.402

 

Key Words: Aboulkhir Khan, Shaibaniyan government, Uzbek tribe, Transoxiana area, Qabchaq plaini

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Serum ferritin and iron in diabetic and non-diabetic with acute myocardial infarction

 

 Hamid Sharif Nia1, Ali Akbar Haghdoost2, Yiong Huak Chan3, Fariba Tabari 4, Abolfazl Hashemi5, Babak Alaei6, Mohammad Taghi Salehi Omran 7, Abolghasem Siyadat Panah 8*, Mohammad Ali Soleimani 9 

 

1- Candidate of PhD, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. PhD Student of Nursing at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2- PhD of Epidemiology, Professor of Research Center for Modeling in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

3- PhD of Mathematics, Head, Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore

4- Candidate of PhD, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Tehran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. PhD Student of Nursing at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

5- MD. Laboratory Sciences Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

6- BSc. Faculty of Paramedical of Amol, Laboratory Sciences Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

7- MD, Department of cardiology and echocardiography, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

8- MSc. Faculty of Paramedical of Amol, Laboratory Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

9- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran and PhD Student of Nursing at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: Abolghasem Siyadat Panah Email: asiyadatpanah@yahoo.com

Tel: +981212221919 Fax: +98(0121) 2151220 

 

Abstract: An increased serum ferritin level is presented as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. The role of diabetes mellitus on serum ferritin levels in myocardial infarction has recently been investigated. the present study has been carried out to investigate Comparison of the level of ferritin and iron in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This case-control study has been conducted on 200 type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with AMI. Blood samples were prepared and analyzed for the comparison of serum ferritin and iron, TIBC, CBC and blood lipids between the two groups. Female gender (OR=6.68) and smoking (OR=4.03) has been found to be significantly related to diabetes (OR=4.03). The mean ferritin level was 171.20 (SD=114.35) ng/dl in the case and 168.80 (SD=124.36) ng/dl in the control group (p=0.8), and the mean iron level was 87.71 (SD=35.58) mg/dl in the case and 62.70 (SD=22.27) mg/dl in the control group (p<0.0001, OR=1.86). Blood iron and ferritin levels were lower than the standard levels in both genders of patients with myocardial infarction (p<0.0001). Regarding the results of the present study, high blood ferritin level does not bring about type 2 diabetes, and the hypothesis of ferritin level association with type 2 diabetes and its elevated level in patients with AMI has not been confirmed; high levels of iron, on the other hand, may underlie development of type 2 diabetes; therefore, further investigation seems to be necessary in this regard.

[Hamid Sharif Nia, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Yiong Huak Chan, Mohammad Taghi Salehi Omran, Abolfazl Hashemi, Babak Alaei, Mohammad Ali Soleimani, Abolghasem Siyadat Panah and Fariba Tabari. Serum ferritin in diabetic and non-diabetic with acute myocardial infarction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2740-2745]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 403

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.403

 

Key words: Type 2 diabetes, Ferritin, Iron, Acute Myocardial Infarction

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Comparison effect organic humic fertilizers the dry matter maize genotypes in Ardabil region

 

 Maryam Jafari*, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah, Yousef Alaei, Seyed Sajjad Moosavi and Elena Khabiri

 

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 *Corresponding author: Maryam Jafari; Email: maryam.jafari66@ymail.com

 

Abstract: The use of biological products for feed grains is one of the solutions in achieving the goals of organic production is considered. In order to study the response of maize genotypes to use two types of liquid humic fertilizer based Peat and leonardite, were conducted a experiment split plot on the basis of completely randomized block design in three replicated in Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2010.In this experiment main-plots contain of three conditions (peat based humic fertilizer; leonardite based humic fertilizer; without the application of humic fertilizer) and the sub-plots were contain of six maize genotypes. Results showed that between experimental conditions view of percent dry matter of total plant and dry weight of grains per ear there are significant differences in 1 percent probability level. Results from mean comparison of data for experimental conditions (experimental solution) being studied application of application of leonardite based liquid humic fertilizer produced the dry weight of grains per ear (50.13 gr on average) among the conditions being studied, whereas under the condition of without humic fertilizer obtained the lowest value(28.59 gr).

 [Maryam Jafari, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah, Yousef Alaei, Seyed Sajjad Moosavi and Elena Khabiri. Comparison effect organic humic fertilizers the dry matter maize genotypes in Ardabil region. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2746-2749]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 404

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.404

 

Key word: Organic humic fertilizer, Maize, Dry matter

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Globalisation and Labour Supply of Single Female Heads of Households in Malaysia

 

Rahmah Ismail, Poo Bee Tin

 

Faculty of economic and management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

rahis@ukm.my

 

Abstract: Globalisation is a process in which interlink between countries in the world has become more intense and the flow of inputs between one country to another is much easier. In the context of the labour market, the inflow of labor input from foreign countries is more relevant, because it has implications on the local labour, especially the females in terms of job opportunities. This paper attempts to investigate this issue using data from 261 single female headed households in Peninsular Malaysia. The household production model will be the basis for the analysis. In this model, the basic determinants for female labour supply are own wage and non-labour income. However, other variables like family size, children’s age, household’s characteristics and the globalisation indicators will also be incorporated as independent variables. The results show that monthly wage, non-labour income and number of children are significant and positively affect female labour supply, while foreign workers is significantly negative.

(Rahmah Ismail, Poo Bee Tin. Globalisation and Labour Supply of Single Female Heads of Households in Malaysia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2750-2759] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 405

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.405

 

Keywords: globalisation, female labour supply, heads of households, own wage, non-labour income, number of children

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Heteroplasmy of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and clinical expression in Chinese pedigrees with 11778A mutation

 

Wen-cui Wan,Yu Zhu, Xue-min Jin

 

The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

Corresponding Author:E-mail addresses: jinxuemin@yahoo.com.cn (Xue-min Jin),

 

Objectives To investigate the proportion of 11778A mutation in Chinese individuals with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), analyze its relationship with prevalence (penetrance) and the severity of visual loss.Methods Seven Chinese pedigrees of LHON with 11778A mutation were investigated and clinically evaluated. Peripheral blood was drawn from 96 maternal relatives and the proportion of mutant 11778A was measured by fluorescence-based primer extension and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The relationships between the proportion of mutant 11778A with prevalence and severity of visual acuity were compared. Results One hundred maternal relatives (46 male, 54 female) were contained in the 7 pedigrees and 22 male, 15 female were affected. The visual loss can be great difference for members from different pedigrees but may be similar in the same pedigree. In 4 pedigrees, the proportion of mutant 11778A was 100% (homoplasmy) in each of the 55 members. In other 3 pedigrees, which included 41 individuals and 16 of them had symptom and 25 without symptom, except one without symptom had normal genotype, the proportion of mutant 11778A was 27% to 92% (mean 75.1%) in symptomatic members and 12% to 96% (mean 69.1%) in asymptomatic individuals (heteroplasmy). There was no statistical difference between the proportion of mutant mtDNA in these two groups (P = 0.31, T test). And there was no relationship between the proportion of mutant mtDNA with the severity of visual loss.Conclusions Most individuals who possess similar proportion of 11778A mutation have different prevalence of LHON and severity of visual loss. The proportion of mutant 11778A itself cannot explain the variation in the clinical phenotype of LHON.

[Wen-cui Wan,Yu Zhu, Xue-min Jin. Heteroplasmy of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and clinical expression in Chinese pedigrees with 11778A mutation Life Sci J;9(4):2760-2763]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 406

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.406

 

Key Words Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy; 11778A mutation; heteroplasmy; mtDNA

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Providing optimal model for water resources management based on trade approach in virtual water

 

Nima Tavakoli Shirazi *1, Gholam Hossein Akbari 2

 

1. M.Sc. Civil Engineering Student, International Campus of University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Chabahar, Iran, P.O. Box 1946953316. Email: n.tavakoli.sh@mail.usb.ac.ir

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran, P.O. Box 98164-161. Email: gakbari@hamoon.usb.ac.ir

 

Abstract: This study explores the relationship that is between water resource management and virtual in terms of maximization to get the best desired results. Water resource management is defined as the process of ensuring that the water resources are not misused and depleted. On the other hand, virtual water is defined as the amount or volume of water that is required for the production of a given commodity or service, though it is widely employed in relation to water needed for the production of agricultural produces. The study aims at coming up with a model that can maximize water resource management in relation to virtual water. This will help in answering the research questions. The study will mainly employ the use of secondary data collection methods. The nature of the study required the application of the inductive approach to research, and come up with the accurate and relevant information. This will be the best method as the collection of primary data would be impractical because of visiting all the regions that are arid and semi-arid. The findings show that the adoption of virtual water concept is highly significant, regarding the conservation of water resources in the areas that are highly affected by water scarcity. It also promotes trade and the specialization in the production of products that are best suited for the conditions in a given country.

[Nima Tavakoli Shirazi, Gholam Hossein Akbari. Providing optimal model for water resources management based on trade approach in virtual water. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2764-2768] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 407

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.407

 

Keywords: Virtual water, Water resource, Water resource management

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Statistical Evaluation of Sustainability of Selected Crop Production in Nigeria

 

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Sustainable agricultural production is a paramount goal of many developing countries in order to ensure that foods required for the growing population are available in the right quantity and quality. This paper evaluated the extent of sustainability of the Nigerian crop production sector using secondary data from the FAO statistical database. Inferences of sustainability was made with contingency table developed by Monteith (1990) after computing geometric growth rates of land use and crop outputs. Results show that production of majority of the crops was not recently sustainable. Between 1961 and 1980, cereals (4.07%), maize (8.17%), sorghum (5.16%), millet (3.76%), yam (1.08%), kolanut (0.92%), oil palm (0.93%), vegetables and melon (0.82%) and plantain (2.53%) were sustainably cultivated while only cocoa (0.14%) and kolanut (1.82) percent show sustainability between 1981 and 2000. The findings suggest that ensuring sustainability of crop production in Nigeria requires adequate investments in highly productive farm technologies to make up for degradation of soil resources.

[Abayomi Samuel Oyekale. Statistical Evaluation of Sustainability of Selected Crop Production in Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2769-2775] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 408

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.408

 

Keywords: sustainability, contingency table, crops, Nigeria

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Mode of action of medicinal plants on diabetic disorders

 

Elahe Seyed Hosseyni1♦, Hamed Haddad Kashani2♦, Mohammad Hossein Asadi3٭

 

1Research Center for Sciences and Biotechnology, Lavizan, Tehran. Iran

2Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

3Department of Anatomy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences

٭Corresponding author: Mohammad Hossein Asadi, Department of Anatomy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. Asadi.mh@yahoo.com, Tel:09121241280.

 

Abstract:Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperlipedemia, hyperaminoacidemia, and hypoinsulinaemia it leads to decrease in both insulin secretion and insulin action, along with varying degrees of peripheral resistance to the action of insulin. The long-term effects of impaired glucose regulation can lead to permanent organ damage, such as cardiovascular disease, and disabilities. Nowadays, there is growing interest in medicinal herbs due to the side effects associated with the therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In addition therapeutic action of herbal medicines is due to the herbal ingredients mechanism, bioactive compounds of most of the plants have been isolated and identified. However, mechanisms of action of most plants and their products that used for lowering of blood glucose remain unknown. in this study by searching in different sources and references such as Pub Med, MEDLINE, CNKI, EMBASE, Wiley Inter Science, Elsevier data bases, tried to express mode of action some common medicinal herbs that have important role in lowering of blood glucose and diabetics recovery.

[Elahe Seyed Hosseyni, Hamed Haddad Kashani, Mohammad Hossein Asadi. Mode of action of medicinal plants on diabetic disorders. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2776-2783]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 409

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.409

 

Key words: Diabetic, Medicinal plant, Mechanism, Bioactive, Metabolism, Insulin.

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Protecting Effect of Antioxidants (Antox) on the Dentate Gyrus of Aged Male Albino Rat

 

1Mohammed. H. Mohammed and 2Mostafa A. Abouelnaga

 

1Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University and

2Faculty of Medicine, AL- Azhar University– Damietia branch

 

Abstract: Introduction: Aging has been defined as a time-related loss of the capacity of cells to maintain their functions. A primary cause of the aging process has been claimed to be the reduced antioxidant defense.Aim of the study: This study aims to elucidate the histological features of the dentate gyrus in male albino rats during aging process and to investigate the important protective role of antioxidant (Antox) on the aging of the dentate gyrus of adult male albino rats. Material and methods:41 male adult albino rats were used and were classified into three groups; Control adult group (3-6 months), Control aged group which was further classified into three subgroups aged 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively and Antox -treated aged group which was also classified into three subgroups aged 12,18 and 24 months. The treated animals received Antox dissolved in water at a dose level of 3.4 mg/kg body weight 3 times weekly for 3 months starting at 9,15 and 21months for the three age subgroups respectively. Sections of hippocampus were prepared were prepared for light and electron microscope examinations. Results: With light and electron microscope, there was a progressive increase in the appearance of dark neurons with advancing age in addition to a noticeable neuronal loss and a decrease in the frequency of appearance of neurons in the control aged groups. Senile changes such as the accumulation of lipofuscinin the neuronal perikarya and changes in the nucleus, mitochondria, rough reticulum, and Golgi apparatus were observed in the control group. Also, membrane-bound organelle-free areas were observed. Degenerated neurons, with shrunken nuclei and ill-defined few cytoplasmic organelles, were observed with advancing age. After the treatment with Antox, the senile changes were less when compared with the control aged group. It was also noticed that, the Antoximproving age - associated histological changes were best especially at the middle age (12 months) rather than that of the early old age (18 months) and the oldest age (24 months), mostly due to the irreversible degenerative changes which had occurred at older age groups prior to the treatment with Antox.Conclusion: The present study showed that the age -associated histological changes may be the basis for the age associated functional changes of the gyrusof the hippocampal formation, which may be manifest in elderly people by disturbances in motor coordination and declines.The present study also demonstrates the effectiveness of the combination antioxidants (Antox) in reducing the age-related histological changes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. So, it is recommended to investigate its use in age-related neurodegenerative

[Mohammed. H. Mohammed. Protecting Effect of Antioxidants (Antox) On the Dentate Gyrus of Aged Male Albino Rat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2784-2795]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 410

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.410

 

Key Words: Dentate Gyrus, Aging, Antox.

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Evaluation of C- reactive protein as a probable factor for cancer diagnosis

 

Safinaz Elshabrawy1, Alyaa Farid2, Mohamed El- Beddini1, Ahmed Osman2, Somaya El- Deeb2

 

Hematology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University1

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt2

alyaafarid@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: C- reactive protein (CRP) is a definitive marker of inflammation produced and synthesized in the liver in response of interleukin-6 (IL-6). It was studied in 10 healthy individuals and 97 patients with different types of diseases including kidney failure (KF), cardiovascular disease (CVD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), lung cancer (L.C), colon and bladder carcinoma (C.C), ovary and cervix carcinoma (O.C) and breast cancer (B.C). Routine blood tests were assayed for the 107 studied cases such as some liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), some kidney function factors (urea and creatinine) and some tumor markers (alfafeto protein (AFP), carcinoembroyonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigens 19.9 (CA19.9), 15.3 (CA15.3) and 125 (CA125) pecific to the different studied types of cancers. This study examined the relationship between circulating levels of CRP and various parameters of blood analysis in addition to the level of various tumor markers. It was found that CRP is associated with both KF and CVD cases. The studied specific tumor markers were significantly high in HCC (AFP), NHL (CEA), L.C (CEA) and B.C (CA15.3) studied cases (P<0.05) but it showed no significance in the C.C (CA19.9) and O.C (CA125) studied cases. It was evident that CRP levels are closely related to CA19.9 and CA125 tumor markers in case of C.C and O.C, respectively.

[Safinaz Elshabrawy. Evaluation of C- reactive protein as a probable factor for cancer diagnosis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2796-2803] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 411

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.411

 

Key words: C- reactive protein, acute phase proteins, inflammation, cancer, tumor markers.

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Autogenous Transplantation of Maxillary And Mandibular Molars

 

Maha Negm1, Sameh Seif2, Khaled El Hayes3, Galal Beheiri 4

 

1 Demonstrator at Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery department, Faculty of Oral & Dental medicine, Cairo University.

2 Lecturer at Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery department, Faculty of Oral & Dental membranemedicine, Cairo University.

3 Professor at Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery department, Faculty of Oral & Dental medicine, Cairo University.

4 Professor at Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery department, Faculty of Oral & Dental medicine, Cairo University.

Corresponding Author: maha-negm7@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the autogenous transplantation of maxillary or mandibular molars. Methods: Ten patients received either a mandibular or maxillary third molar to replace a non restorable mandibular first or second molar. The clinical parameters were mobility and probing pocket depth. Radiographic assessment of progress of root development, periapical or periodontal radiolucencies, root resorption and ankylosis, was done by using digital panoramic radiographs with1:1 magnification correction. All clinical parameters and panoramic radiographs were taken at 2, 4, 6 and 9 months postoperatively. Results: The pocket depth readings and teeth mobility showed statistical significant decrease throughout the study. Regarding the radiographic results, no root resorption or ankylosis and 80% of patients had root development with no observed radiolucencies. Conclusion: The transplantation of developing molars in growing adults is a viable and reliable treatment option.

[Maha Negm, Sameh Seif, Khaled El Hayes, Galal Beheiri. Autogenous Transplantation of Maxillary And Mandibular Molars. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2804-2812] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 412

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.412

 

Keywords: autogenous transplantation, third molars, immature root.

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Molavi’s anthropological pedagogic orientations in order to improve objectives of high and primary schools’ education in Iran

 

Maryam Saif Naraghi1, Marzieh Kahnooji2 (Corresponding author), Ali Shariatmadari3, Ezatollah Naderi4

 

1. Professor of Tehran Islamic Azad University, science and research branch

2. PhD student of philosophy of education, Tehran Islamic Azad University, science and research branch

3. Professor of Tehran Islamic Azad University, science and research branch

4. Professor of Tehran Islamic Azad University, science and research branch

 

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate Molavi’s anthropological pedagogic orientations in order to improve objectives of high and primary schools’ education in Iran. In this regard, five components of anthropological basics have been studied from Molavi’s point of view and they are wisdom, responsibility, determinism and authority, nature and spirit. The methodology of the present study is descriptive and it is an applied research. Statistical population includes works of Molavi and other experts (about Molavi’s thoughts). Data were gathered by interviewing with professionals in this field, note taking on cards from library information. In this direction, strategies have been suggested to develop above mentioned basics and their application can shift educational settings from external knowledge transfer to knowledge production (creativity).

[Maryam Saif Naraghi, Marzieh Kahnooji, Ali Shariatmadari, Ezatollah Naderi. Molavi’s anthropological pedagogic orientations in order to improve objectives of high and primary schools’ education in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2813-2821] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 413

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.413

 

Keywords: anthropology, pedagogy, wisdom, responsibility, authority and determinism, nature and spirit.

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Prevalence of Eating Disorders among Female Students of University (Tehran - Iran)

 

Azam Roshandel, Msc1 (Corresponding author), Mahboobeh Safavi, PhD2, Iran Ghasemi, Msc3

 

1. Instructor, MSc of Nursing, Faculty member, Department of Nursing, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

2. Assistant professor,PhD of Management of Health Services, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran.

3. Faculty member, Department of Pediatric Nursing, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

 

Abstract: The present paper has been carried out to investigate the prevalence of eating disorders among the female students of Islamic Azad University, central Tehran branch. The subjects of this descriptive research were 400 people who were selected using Stratified Random sampling and were assessed using demographic questionnaires, EAT-26 eating observation test and diagnostic questionnaire of eating disorder. According to EAT-26 results, 21.5 percent of the students scored above the cutting point 20 and were diagnosed to have eating disorders. According to diagnostic questionnaire of eating disorder, 1.8% suffered from anorexia nervosa and 7.8% suffered from bulimia nervosa. The frequency of eating disorders is more or less similar to the stats of the other communities. It seems that now a high level of vulnerability against eating disorder exists in the women. These results refer to the necessity of planning for prevention and related activities to elude the consequences of this disorder and as a result, improve the level of the mental health of the individuals.

[Azam Roshandel, Mahboobeh Safavi, Iran Ghasemi. Prevalence of Eating Disorders among Female Students of University (Tehran - Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2822-2828] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 414

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.414

 

Keywords: Eating disorder; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia Nervosa.

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Effect of Presence of Trained Significance Others on Labor Outcomes and Mother's Satisfaction

 

Aida abd El-Razek,

 

Department of Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufyia University

dr_aalrazek@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the Effect of Presence of trained significance others on labor outcomes and mother's satisfaction. Intervention study design the study was conducted at MCH of El-Basher Hospital and labor unit of El-Basher Hospital /Amman Jordon. Subjects: The total subjects of this study were 150 parturient women were divided into equal groups, intervention group 75 mothers who received supportive measures during labor by trained significance others choice and control group 75 mothers who not received Comfort measures during labor by trained significance others choice. A simple random sample was used. The data was collected through a period of 10 months started from July 2009 to April 2010 for 3 days per week starting at 9 am to 2 pm. Inclusion criteria were: primiparous pregnant women with a single, term live cephalic fetus; in active labor – cervical dilation ≥3 cm and ≤6 cm; intact membranes or amniorrhexis of ≤2 hours; uterine height < 40 cm; no evidence of cephalic-pelvic disproportion or fetal distress. Exclusion criteria were: unavailability of a Presence of trained significance others choice; fetal malformation; maternal disease and/or indication for elective Caesarean section. Criteria for significant other: educated, healthy, female. Results of the study revealed that mother's satisfaction, a highly significant relation was observed between intervention and control groups. There was significance difference between intervention and control groups concerning applying Comfort measures and knowledge regarding supportive measures, labor progress and effect in reducing the severity of labor pain and increase satisfaction and concerning mother's satisfaction, a highly significant relation was observed between intervention and control groups. Based on the results of the present study, the following can be recommended: Encourage and sensitize healthcare providers to adopt this practice in health institutions where such as supportive companion is not permitted or professional healthcare providers are designated to this role.

[Aida abd El-Razek. Effect of Presence of Trained Significance Others on Labor Outcomes and Mother's Satisfaction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2829-2837] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 415

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.415

 

Keywords: trained significance others in the delivery room, labor, mother's satisfaction

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Financial Deregulation

 

Hassan Hemmati1, Vahid Rafiei2 (Corresponding author)

 

1. Assistant professor and Faculty Member of Raja University, Qazvin, Iran

2. Master of Accounting Raja University, Qazvin, Iran/ PGD in International Accounting and Finance University of East London

 

Abstract: In the present conditions, financial accounting is completely territories, following recent high profile accounting failures at Enron and other firms. The debate is deregulated. This study was done to explore whether such regulation is the costs and efforts. The results of analyses contributed to the following results: Even though more laws have been passed, this has not stopped great accounting frauds from resulting in instability in capital market and they have hampered the increase of wealth of our society.

[Hassan Hemmati, Vahid Rafiei. Financial Deregulation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2838-2841] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 416

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.416

 

Keywords: accounting failures -Enron-deregulation-capital market

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The investigation of the solutions of improving Human Development Index in Iran during fifth development plan

 

Abdolsami Sepahi 1, Dr. Mohammad Rahim Rahnama 2, Mohammad Amin Hounakzahi 3, Shahram Rastin 4, Abdolalim Dorrazehi 5

 

1. PhD Student in Geography and Urban Planning, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2. Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3. MA degree in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

4. MA degree in geography and rural planning, Payam NOOR University, Birjand, Iran

5. MA degree in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

sepahi1387@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Generally Human Development Index (HDI) is "the process of developing the selections in capability space for achieving a better life". Based on this definition, we can investigate the changes of HDI in a definite time period. The current study attempts to investigate and present effective solutions in improving HDI in fifth development plan. The results of this investigation showed that HDI in Iran during 1975 to 2005 increased from 0.571 in 1975 to 0.759 in 2005. This increase is due to the increase of life expectancy and literacy index increase. The results of this study showed that in the recent 40 years, the capital income compared to two mentioned indices had fewer shares in improving development level. To achieve high development level in terms of humanity during the fifth development plan, the change of economical, social structures is necessary in the society. To achieve the goals of 20-year vision and fifth development plan, some solutions with the comparison between the countries in the region and the Islam world was presented.

[Abdolsami Sepahi, Dr. Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, Mohammad Amin Hounakzahi, Shahram Rastin, Abdolalim Dorrazehi. The investigation of the solutions of improving Human Development Index in Iran during fifth development plan. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2842-2845] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 417

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.417

 

Keywords: Human development index; Iran; Fifth development plan; solution

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Immunomodulatory and Chemo preventive activity of Bacillus subtilis sulphated Levan

 

Faten S. Bayoumi1,azza M.El Amir 2, El Deeb S.O2., Hassan Abd el Zaher3,Haiam S.A 1

 

1 Immunogenetics Department. NRC, Egypt

2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University.

3National Research Centre

Corresponding Author: Drfaten100@link.net

 

ABStract: Aim: To investigate the possible immunomodulatory and chemopreventive effects of a bacterial polysaccharide drug (Bacillus subtilis sulphated Levan; BSL) for prevention of tumor development through antipromotion and antiprogression effects in vivo studies. The antipromoting effect of BSL, was assessed by estimating different aspects of such activities;tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, apoptotic and necrotic cell damage, DNA fragmentation, nitrous oxide (NO) and COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) levels. Antiprogression mechanism was evaluated through recording of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and histopathological examination. In addition, BSL was also compared with garlic which is known as a natural compound with chemopreventive action. Results No significantly elevation in the NO or TNF-α levels were recorded when compared with control on receiving BSL, while, garlic possessed lower significant inhibitory effect. Apoptosis and necrosis states were induced as a mode of cell death. It was concluded that BSL was a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. Furthermore, a significant DNA fragmentation inhibition (insignificant lesser extent and decrease in VEGF level was determined by recieving BSL and garlic. Also, histopathological examinations showed that, BSL maintained nearly normal liver architecture and inhibited hepatocellular preneoplas induced by the cancer promoting material used in the experiment (diethylnitrosoamine) (DEN). Conclusion, BSL activity as anti-tumor agent due to its antipromotion and antipropagation actions was proved.

[Faten S. Bayoumi, azza M.El Amir, El Deeb S.O, Hassan Abd el Zaher,Haiam S.A. Immunomodulatory and Chemo preventive activity of Bacillus subtilis sulphated Levan. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2846-2856] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.418

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.418

 

Key words: BSL, histopathological examination, antipromotion, antiprogression

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Radionuclides Differentiation during the Secondary Processes of Pb-Zn Mineralization, Gabal El Rousas, Eastern Desert, Egypt

 

Sh.M.Talaat1 and A.I.M.Ismail2

 

1 Faculty of Women, for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo,Egypt.

2 Geological Science Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Shadia_talaat@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The primary mineralization of Pb-Zn in Gabal El Rousas on the Egyptian Red Sea hills was subjected to secondary processes led to the redistribution of those mineralization and became much abundant than the hypogene minerals. This study is restricted on the differentiation in the associated radionuclides during these secondary processes. Seven samples from the mineralized ore and six samples from the hosting Miocene sedimentary rocks were collected and studied radiometrically using the Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector. The results showed that the 238U and 226Ra are concentrated in the hosting rocks, while 40K on the other hand is concentrated in the mineralized zones. 232Th did not change much due to its immobility, while in the mineralized group, 214Pb and 214Bi are nearly half the activity concentration of their parent 226Ra which is due to the escape of some 222Rn during the secondary processes that affected the primary mineralization. With respect to the environmental impact, the absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate, radium equivalent, radioactivity level index and external radiation hazard index for the mineralized samples are three times lower than the hosting sedimentary rocks.

[Sh.M. Talaat and A.I. M. Ismail. Radionuclides Differentiation during the Secondary Processes of Pb-Zn Mineralization, Gabal El Rousas, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2857-2864] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 419

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.419

 

Keywords: Gabal El Rousas / Gamma ray spectroscopy/ Natural radioactivity / Radiation hazard indices

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Improved anti-inflammatory effect of Silymarin in rats induced liver carcinogenesis

 

Ali Alkaladi1 and Aser Mohamed Abdelazim2,3

 

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

2Department of medical Science, Faculty of Art and Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.

3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

alkaladi@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: In the present work the protective role of silymarin in rats-induced liver carcinogenesis was studied. Twenty eight male albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Group A; served as control, (Group B); HCC-induced group, Group C; HCC-induced group and treated with silymarin for 2 weeks and (Group D); HCC-induced group and treated with silymarin 2 weeks before induction the carcinogenesis and 2 weeks after induction of carcinogenesis. HCC –induced rats were treated with an oral dose of 20 mg/kg of DENA. Rats treated with silymarin received a daily single dose of (40 mg/kg body weight) suspended in saline by gavages. Blood samples were collected for determination of ALT,AST, bilirubin, AFP, IL-2 and IL-6 in serum, liver samples were collected for studying the gene expression of IL-2, IL-6 and GAPDH and histopathological examination. Our results demonstrated that ALT, AST, bilirubin levels were significantly lower in silymarin treated groups if compared with non treated HCC-induced rats. Circulating AFP, IL-2&6 were significantly low in silymarin treated groups if compared with HCC-induced rats. The expression level of IL-6 showed the highest expression level in non treated HCC-induced rats with high expression level of IL-2 in control groups. In conclusion silymarin improve the anti-inflammatory status in HCC-induced rats.

 [Ali Alkaladi and Aser Mohamed Abdelazim. Improved anti-inflammatory effect of Silymarin in rats induced liver carcinogenesis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2865-2869] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 420

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.420

 

Key words: Hepatocellular carcinma, silymarin, IL-2, IL-6, AFP, DENA, liver, Blood, falvanoids

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Insulin Versus Oral Hypoglycemic Drug Combination In Controlling Hyperglycemia In HCV Patients During Interferon Therapy

 

Mohamed Masjhahit 1, Mohamed El Basel 2 and Waleed El Nabawy3

 

1Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University

2 Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University

3 Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine Beni Suef University

mashahit@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Hepatitis–C virus is common in many areas of the world particularly in Egypt and interferon therapy helps around 40 % of the patients to eradicate the virus and good glycemic control is needed to get better results of interferon therapy This work aimed to study the efficacy of insulin therapy compared to oral hypoglycemic drugs in HCV patients receiving interferon therapy. Ninety six patients were included in the study divided into three groups (A) TREATED WITH INSULIN (B) treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs and (C) treated with two oral hypoglycemic drugs plus a bed time basal insulin. HbA1c,AST, ALT and the weight of the patients were measured at the start before intervention and 3 months after intervention.Results this study showed that insulin therapy – group-A - is more effective than oral hypoglycemic drug combination group-B and also more effective than group-C - treated with oral drugs and basal insulin – in reducing HbA1c (p = 0.001) and in improving weight and reducing AST AND ALT (P < 0.05). Also oral drugs plus a basal insulin at bed time - group – C was more effective than oral drug combination alone (group-B)in reducing HbA1c and the difference was statistically significant p < 0.05 and improving weight p < 0.05 and improving AST AND ALT but the results are statistically non significant (p=0.09 and 0.07). Conclusion insulin therapy is more effective than oral hypoglycemic drug combination in controlling blood glucose, improving liver enzymes and prevention of weight loss with some weight gain.

[Mohamed Mashahit, Mohamed El Basel and Waleed El Nabawy. Insulin Versus Oral Hypoglycemic Drug Combination In Controlling Hyperglycemia In HCV Patients During Interferon Therapy. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2870-2874] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 421

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.421

 

Key words: T2DM, HbA1c, HCV, interferon, insulin, resistant, oral hypoglycemic drugs

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Meta Malmquist Index Based On Trade Offs Models in Data Envelopment Analysis

 

Paris Firoozi shahmirzadi; Gholamreza Jahanshahloo

 

1, 2 Department of Mathematics, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Email:Parisa.Firoozi@gmail.com

 

Abstract:The Trade Offs approach is an advanced tool for the improvement of the discrimination of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, Meta Malmquist Index was defined by Maria Portella and et. Al (2008). In this paper we compute the Meta Malmquist Index in Trade Offs model in DEA and we compare, obtaining results, of Meta Malmquist Index in different models of DEA, Variable Return to Scale (VRS), Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Trade Offs (T-O). Numerical example is given for the purpose of illustration and we will show the management science is effective on efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs). The main advantage this index is that, it is circular.

[Paris Firoozi shahmirzadi, Gholamreza Jahanshahloo. Meta Malmquist Index Based On Trade Offs Models in Data Envelopment Analysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2875-2883] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 422

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.422

 

Keywords: Data Envelopment analysis, Trade Offs, Meta Malmquist Index, Meta Efficiency, Meta Frontier.

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The Outcome of Surgical Interference in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Renal Failure

 

Tamer A. Ali, Mohamed A. Abd Elaal, Ashraf H. Abd-Eltif, Sabry M. Khalid, Ibrahim A. El Sotohy

Ahmed F. Abd El Rahim and Tarek M. El Salamony

 

Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Dr_tamer_ali@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate some of the morphological, functional and clinical impacts of surgical management of chronic obstructive renal failure. We will try to assess some of the factors that may predict favorable outcomes. Patients and methods: Eighty six patients clinically diagnosed as having chronic obstructive renal failure (53 men 61.63% and 33 women 38.37% ranging in age between 25 and 69 years, mean 47 years) in the period from October 2007 to January 2012. The patients on this study were divided according to past history of renal impairment and/or regular dialysis into two groups as follow: Group (A): Patients with chronic renal failure with no regular dialysis (46 patients) Males: 28 (60.86%) Females: 18 (39.14%). Group (B): Patients with chronic renal failure with regular dialysis (40 patients) Males: 25 (62.5%) Females: 15 (37.5%). All patients have been evaluated according to the protocol of obstructive uropathy. Clinically most patients presented by anuria 28 (32.65%) patients (16 group A and 12 group B), oliguria 25 (29.07%) patients (13 group A and 12 group B), loin pain 40 (46.5%) patients (25 group A and 15 group B), nausea and vomiting 29 (33.72%) patients (12 group A and 17 group B). 58 Patients underwent direct intervention and 28 patients were managed by temporary drainage until improvement of the general condition then definitive surgical procedure. Results: In our series patients with chronic obstructive renal failure (group A), showed improvement in 33 patients (71.74%), equivocal improvement in7 patients (15.21%) and did not improve in 6 patients (13.04). Out of the 6 patients who did not improve after management 2 patients (4.35%) remained unchanged and 4 patients (8.68%) continued to have progressive renal failure up to regular dialysis. In patients with chronic obstructive renal failure (group B), renal functions showed different degrees of improvement as follow: In 14 patients (35%) good improvement and subsequent complete weaning from dialysis occurred, while in 16 patients (40%) there was a decrease in weekly dialysis sessions from 3 to 2 sessions/week. In the remaining 10 patients (25%) there was no improvement and patients continued to have regular dialysis as preintervention. The overall complications in this series were (12.79%). The incidence was much more in the chronic cases group B. The mortality rate in our series is (2.33%) which is not high if compared with other series dealing with corrective surgery in obstructive renal failure. Conclusion: There is evidence of reversibility of renal function after long standing obstruction which provides justification for efforts to identify and treat urinary tract obstruction even if a patient with an obstruction requires dialysis to avoid the dialysis or kidney transplantation or helping patients under dialysis for complete weaning form dialysis or decrease their number of weekly sessions, and in all cases the risk of the procedures should be weighed against the chances of improvement.

[Tamer A. Ali, Mohamed A. Abd Elaal, Ashraf H. Abd-Eltif, Sabry M. Khalid, Ahmed F. Abd El Rahim and Tarek M. El Salamony. The Outcome of Surgical Interference in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Renal Failure.Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2884-2890]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 423

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.423

 

Key words: Obstructive, Renal Failure

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The Role of the International Monetary Fund in the Global Financial System as an International Lender of Last Resort

 

Hossein Kazemi1, Vahid Rafiei2 (Corresponding author)

 

1. Assistant professor and faculty of Raja University, Qazvin, Iran

2. Master of Accounting Raja University, Qazvin, Iran/ PGD in International Accounting and Finance University of East London

 

Abstract: International monetary fund (IMF) manages and supervises the global financial system. Its purpose is to facilitate development and stabilize international exchange rates. The present study has been conducted to examine the role of the International monetary fund (IMF) in the global financial system as an International lender of last resort. In this, we have determined the importance of IMF as well as its current status, function and objectives were discussed.The analysis showed that IMF plays a vital role in the global financial assistance. It is called as the lender of the last resort so financial crisis.

[Hossein kazemi, Vahid rafiei. The Role of the International Monetary Fund in Global Financial System as an International Lender of Last Resort. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2891-2894] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 424

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.424

 

Key words: International Monetary Fund (IMF)

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Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand, Osteoprotegerin and Interleukin-17 Levels in GCF of Chronic, Aggressive Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes

 

Riham Omar Ibrahim

 

Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. riham_omar2003@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study is to compare the levels of osteoclastogenesis-related factors sRANKL and OPG and their ratios as well as the level of IL-17 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from subjects with chronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis and controlled type 2 DM patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: GCF samples and clinical periodontal parameters were randomly obtained from sixteen patients with chronic periodontitis, 16 patients with aggressive periodontitis, 16 patients with controlled diabetes type II and 12 healthy controls. Concentrations of sRANKL, OPG, and IL-17 in GCF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Higher concentration levels of sRANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG ratios and IL-17 in the three diseased (experimental) periodontitis groups compared to the control group. Aggressive periodontitis group showed higher concentration level of GCF IL-17 in GCF significantly higher than both chronic periodontitis and diabetic groups. Significant There was positive correlation of sRANKL, IL-17, and sRANKL/OPG ratio in GCF with the clinical parameters (P <0.01). Conclusion: GCF total amount of sRANKL, OPG were significantly increased in periodontal disease, supporting its role in the alveolar bone changes developed in this disease. Th17 responses may be characteristic of AgP, and IL-17 may play a role in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis.

[Riham Omar Ibrahim Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand, Osteoprotegerin and Interleukin-17 Levels in GCF of Chronic, Aggressive Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes] Life Science Journal 2012; 9(4):2895-2903]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.425

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.425

 

Key words: Periodontitis, Diabetes type 2, RANKL, OPG, IL-17, GCF, ELISA.

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Investigation of Wire Electro Discharge Machining of Nickel-Titanium

Shape Memory Alloys on Surface Roughness and MRR

 

Saeed Daneshmand1, Reza Hessami2, Habib Esfandiar3

 

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Roudbar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudbar, Iran

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Firuzkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firuzkooh, Iran

s.daneshmand@iaumajlesi.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Shape memory alloys are kind of smart materials, which have distinctive properties and are superior in compare with other alloys. Severe reactions to thermodynamic and mechanical parameters and ability to return to their original shape make these alloys distinctive from other alloy regarding machining ability. Since these alloys have a very useful application in various fields such as aerospace, automobile, medicine, dentistry, the present paper surveys the effect of wire electrical discharge machining on them. Surface roughness and material removal rate are the most important parameters of machining which influence product quality and machining time. Reducing surface roughness improves fatigue resistance, corrosion and wear resistance of work piece. Increasing the removal rate and reducing machining time decline the production costs and increase production. The present research seeks to investigate the effect of wire electrical discharge machining parameters on surface roughness and removal rate of NiTi60. Results reveal that increasing current pulse, pulse on-time and wire speed increase surface roughness and material removal rate.

[Daneshmand S, Hessami R, Esfandiar H. Investigation of Wire Electro Discharge Machining of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys on Surface Roughness and MRR. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2904-2909] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 426

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.426

 

Keywords: Wire electrical discharge machining; material removal rate; surface roughness; NiTi60; smart materials.

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Is thefinancial performance of the NationalIranian Oil Company affected by Goals, Structure and Leadership of the Company?

 

Mohammad Asnaashari, Mehdi Noursina, AfsarAsnaashari, ShahabShaverdian

 

Department of Management, Islamic Azad University Tafresh branch, Tafresh, Iran

Email: Asna_2677@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: By creating a suitable organizational climate, management of an organization can pave the way for growth and development of staff and encourage them to attain their best performance. Creating motivation and enthusiasm can eventually lead to improved organizational performance and consequently to improved financial performance. This study is aimedat investigating the relationship between goals, leadership and structure and the Iranian National Oil Company's financial performance. For this purpose, a descriptive study has been conducted using random sampling from the research population of managers and experts of the National Iranian Oil Company, where 150 persons were selected as samples. Data was collected in this study using a questionnaire. For assessing the reliability of the mentioned questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha method was used which was equal to 0.92;while its validity was measured on the basis of designing the questionnaire based on the theoretical model and review of literature,and also the validity of the expert judges (confirmation of professors and experts) hasbeenused. For analysis of the collecteddata, factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used.For this purpose,components of organizational climate were considered based on Weisbordmodel and three hypotheses were developed based on this model. Results indicatethat:(1)the model has a good fit, (2)organizational climate has a significant relationship with financial performance, and (3)all dimensions of the organizational climate, i.e. goals, structure and leadership, have significant relationship with the financial performance; finally, the order of dimensions of organizational climate in terms of significance of their relationship with organizational climate are as follows: leadership, goals and structure.Accordingly, several recommendations have been offered, the most important of which include: involvementof staff in formulation of organizational goals of their unit, directing the organization towards a participatory organization, use of organic structures appropriate to units and work groups,choosing a leadership style suitablefor the conditions of the organization, use of appropriate incentive systems to improve employees' performance, improving communications networks of theworks, improved and targeted welfare facilities of organization appropriate to the age and experiences of personneland use of automation technologies, intranet etc.

[MohammadAsnaashari, Mehdi Noursina, AfsarAsnaashari, ShahabShaverdian. Is thefinancial performance of the NationalIranian Oil Company affected by Goals, Structure and Leadership of the Company? Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2910-2923] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 427

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.427

 

Keywords: Organizational climate, Weisbordorganizational climate model, performance, financial performance

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Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dairy Products in Egypt as a Probiotic.

 

Rasha H. Bassyouni.1, Walla S. Abdel-all 2, Mostafa G. Fadl2 Saed Abdel-all 2 and Zeinat kamel3*

 

1Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University

2Microbiology Department, National Organization of Drug Control & Research

3Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University

zeinatk@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Lactobacilli belong to lactic acid bacteria (LAB), generally recognized as safe primary fermentation end product from sugars is lactic acid and that is why foods are conserved. Lactic acid bacteria have been used for improving health host. Therefore, they are an important part of intestinal flora in human and animals as probiotic. This research aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria with significant probiotic character from different dairy products. In this study, homo- fermentative LAB were isolated from different dairy products in Egypt. Isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and physiological methods. Probiotic properties of isolates were investigated. The isolated bacteria were studied for antagonistic effects on clinically isolated E.coli, Salmonella spp. Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. A collection of fifty four isolates were obtained. Eight isolates from different dairy products were observed as potential probiotic safe for human use; where they found to be tolerant to low pH and bile salt and effective against isolated E.coli, Salmonella spp. Micrococcus spp. All isolates were screened for enzymatic activity using API ZYM Kits and antibiotic sensitivity. Biochemical and physiological results indicated that they were found to be related to the genus Lactobacillus and suggested to belong to L. casei (4 isolates), L. Acidophillus (3 isolates) and L. lactis(1 isolates) and that were effective on the isolated E.coli,Salmonella spp. Staphylococus spp. and they have enzymatic activity. β-galactosidase was produced, which is beneficial for lactose intolerance. Lactobacillus spp. produced enzymes including leucinearylamidase, crystinearylamidase,acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, α- galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosamidase so we concluded that human milk, yogurt and raw milk are considered a good source of potential probiotic strains also the isolated bacteria had no haemolytic activity so it consider as a great potential probiotic and safe for human use.

[Rasha H. Bassyouni, Walla S. Abdel-all b, Mostafa G. Fadl, Saed Abdel-all and Zeinat kamel. Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dairy Products in Egypt as a Probiotic. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2924 -2933]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 428

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.428

 

Keywords: Lactobacilli, Probiotic.Bile salt, Acid tolerance, Enzymatic activity, Antimicrobial activity, Hemolytic activity.

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Perception of Food Safety and Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species Carriers among Fayoum University Food handlers

 

Rasha H. Bassyouni1, Naglaa El-Sherbiny2, Enas H. Hefzy1, Ahmed- Ashraf Wegdan1*

 

1Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University.

2Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University.

ashrafwegdan@yahoo.com; rashabassyoni@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Foodborne diseases encompass a wide spectrum of illnesses especially in developing countries. Aims: This study aimed to investigate food handlers' knowledge, attitude and practices about food safety in four restaurants in Fayoum University and to assess the carrier rate of S aureus and Salmonella spp. also determination of the total viable count, and level of hand contamination with E. coli, other members of Enterobacteriaceae as well as other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Methods: A cross- sectional, descriptive, observational study was conducted among 209 Fayoum University food handlers serving four main kitchens at the University. The food handlers' interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire included three main topics regarding knowledge, attitude and practices of food safety. Data collectors observed food handlers' to collect information on food preparation, handling and the sanitary condition of the facilities. Microbiological samples were collected from 158 healthy food handlers including swabs from throat, each nostril, stool and urine samples followed by culturing on proper media, also determine of the total bacterial count and hand contamination by fingerprint culture technique. Results: About 90% of food handlers have good knowledge, between 30.1% and 55% found to have good practice. Carrier rate of S. aureus was 17.1%. The total viable bacterial count exceeds 300 CFU)/hand in 37.3%. Out of 158 food handlers, 57 (36.1%) of them had contaminated hand with S. aureus, 26 (16.5%) with Enterobacteriaceae and 6 (3.8%)with Pseudomonas Spp.. All stool and urine samples were negative for Salmonella spp. Conclusion: To achieve a good level of food safety, pre Employement investigations and training as well as continuous monitoring of food handlers should be implemented.

 [Rasha H. Bassyouni, Naglaa El-Sherbiny, Enas H. Hefzy, Ahmed- Ashraf Wegdan. Perception of Food Safety and Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species Carriers among Fayoum University Food handlers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2934 -2940]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 429

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.429

 

Key words: Food handlers, KAP study; S aureus; Salmonella

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Factors in the expansion of NATO after the Cold War

 

Iraj Mazarei

 

PhD student in political science, University of Kerala, India

Irajmazarei54@yahoo.com

Abstract: End of the Cold War was considered as a transitional period for NATO. In this period, new tasks of NATO were based on the way of ensuring the peace and stability in Europe and cooperation with NATO non-member countries and according to this second way, the issue of establishing the NATO forces out of the boundaries of member countries was proposed for the first time. In this paper, we seek to examine the factors affecting the expansion of NATO after the Cold War. In summary, the results of study show that the following factors are effective in this regard: creating the racial and ethnic crises in the Balkans and inability of European countries in resolving this crisis, existence of new threats against the interests of West such as terrorism, Islamic fundamentalism, Weapons of mass destruction, etc..., fear of Russia's revival and return of this country to the authoritarianism and regain the control of eastern Europe, lack of alternative for a capable and ensuring security structure instead of NATO.

[Iraj Mazarei. Effect of NATO expansion into the Central Asia and the Caucasus and Russia's reaction to it. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2941-2949] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 430

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.430

 

Keywords: NATO, expansion of NATO, Cold War

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The Use of Different Tense in Autistic Children

 

Ameneh Zare1, Shahin Nematzadeh2

 

1. Department of Linguistics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ph.D Student,Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Cognitive Linguistics, Institute for Cognitive Studies

E-mail: a86.zare@yahoo.com; E-mail: snematzadeh@iricss.org.

 

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by abnormalities in social communication, language abilities and repetitive behaviors. The present study focused on some grammatical deficits in autistic children. We evaluated the impairment of correct use of different Persian verb tenses in autistic children’s speech. Two standardized Language Test were administered then gathered data were analyzed. The main result of this study was significant difference between the mean scores of correct responses to present tense in comparison with past tense in Persian language. This study demonstrated that tense is severely impaired in autistic children’s speech. Our findings indicated those autistic children’s production of simple present/ past tense opposition to be better than production of future and past periphrastic forms (past perfect, present perfect, past progressive).

[Ameneh Zare, Shahin Nematzadeh. The Use of Different Tense in Autistic Children. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2950-2954] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 431

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.431

 

Keywords:Autism, Past, Persian Language, Present, Tense.

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Fuzzy Logic Improved Static Synchronous Compensator to Control Voltage of a Grid-connected Squirrel Cage Induction Generator

 

Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi 1, Ehsan Jafari 2, Farshad Kabiri 3, Payam Ghaebi Panah 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Lenjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sharifian@iauln.ac.ir

 

Abstract: In this paper a new model for a wind generation system is introduced which includes induction machine, static synchronous compensator, excitation and load capacitors. Moreover, a new method is proposed for voltage control of a grid-connected squirrel cage induction generator. Unfortunately, induction generators require a flexible reactive power source beside them since under variable load conditions the output voltage cannot remain constant autonomously. In this paper, a compensator is used to control the reactive power and stabilize voltage fluctuations during a three-phase fault and generator isolation. Furthermore, a fuzzy controller is developed to ameliorate compensator's performance. Accordingly, simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment to confirm the abilities of new control scheme.

[Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi, Ehsan Jafari, Farshad Kabiri, Payam Ghaebi Panah. Fuzzy Logic Improved Static Synchronous Compensator to Control Voltage of a Grid-connected Squirrel Cage Induction Generator. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2955-2960]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 432

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.432

 

Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Squirrel Cage Induction Generator, Static Synchronous Compensator, Three-phase Fault.

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Comparison of viewpoints of staff members and students toward equipment and facilities of university

 

Dr Mohsen Ghofrani

 

Department of physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran

 

Abstract: The main purpose of this research was to compare the viewpoint of university students and staff members toward equipment and facilities of university. So 88 university students and 45 university staff members of were selected randomly from Sistan and Baluchestan University. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between university students and staff members towards equipment and facilities of university. The authorities of university should pay more attention towards these courses to apply more sport saloons, fields and equipment for all university students. The results demonstrated there is no direct correlation between age and lesson content testing and facilities. The age of people is not determinate in relation to the facilities testing and lesson content but their age is effective in relations to teaching method and professor testing approach.

[Mohsen Ghofrani. Comparison of viewpoints of staff members and students toward equipment and facilities of university. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2961-2962]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 433

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.433

 

Key words: staff members, university students, equipment, facilities

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The viewpoint of university students and Staff members towards education

 

Dr Mohsen Ghofrani

Department of physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran

 

Abstract: The main purpose of this research was to study the viewpoint of university students and staff members towards Physical Education courses. So 88 university students and 45 university staff members of were selected randomly from Sistan and Baluchestan University. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between university students and staff members towards physical education courses. The authorities of university should pay more attention towards these courses to apply more sport saloons, fields and equipment for all university students. The results demonstrated there is no direct correlation between age and lesson content testing and facilities. There is a direct correlation between age and professors testing evaluation and teaching method.

[Mohsen Ghofrani. The viewpoint of university students and Staff members towards education. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2963-2965]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 434

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.434

 

Key Words: Education, facilities, age, staff member

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 Structural analysis of the relationship between optometric practices and knowledge sharing intention

 

Kun-Shiang Chen

 

Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC

Corresponding authors: yco168@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This paper aims to reveal the multidimensionality of knowledge-sharing intentions and its perception by employees in optometry practices. Data were collected from 187 optometry employees in Taiwan through a survey. The collected data were used to examine the proposed model. Empirical results show that individual autonomy, organizational collaboration, professional requirement, knowledge-sharing attitude, and perceived behavioral control exhibit direct and indirect positive relationships with knowledge-sharing intention. These factors are vital for supervisors in the optometric industry to maintain inter-organizational competitive advantage. Strengthening the professional knowledge of optometry employees solves the dilemma of knowledge-sharing intention in optometric practices. Furthermore, this study analyzed the intrinsic beliefs of optometry employees to provide insights for top management in formulating management strategies.

[Kun-Shiang Chen. Structural analysis of the relationship between optometric practices and knowledge sharing intention. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2966-2968] (ISSN:1097-8135) http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 435

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.435

 

Keywords: individual autonomy, knowledge sharing intention, optometry practices, organizational collaboration, perceived behavioral control, professional require

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Evaluation of correlation between serum immunoglobulin levels and extent of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic B hepatitis

 

Rasoul Estakhri1, Mohammad Hossein Somi2, Abdolreza TabanSadeghi1, Babak Hajipour3, Faeghe Tajallayi3.

 

1Department of Pathology, Tabriz university of medical sciences.

2Liver and gastroenterology research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences.

3 Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia,Iran.

4Fculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz-Iran

Coresspondin author:Babak Hajipour,Post box:51385-3633; Tel: +98-9141075936; Hajipourb@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Hypergammaglobulinaemia is a common finding in patients with chronic liver diseases. The mechanism is thought to involve reduced kupffer cell clearance of antigens delivered, resulting in stimulate activity and proliferation of stellate cells and at least fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum immunoglobulin levels and possibility of use this noninvasive markers to determination of extent of hepatic fibrosis.Methods and materials: In this sectional study 50 chronic B hepatitis patients with positive virological markers and 50 people (normal control) selected from Tabriz Emam hospital during 2006-2009 and their serum IgG, IgM, IgA, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein, total bilirubin and albumin in both groups with immunoturbidometric assay and comparison with liver biopsies specimen that scoring with modified Knodell and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Results of study show significant prediction between serum total IgG (P<0.00001) and immunoglubolins(P<0.0001) levels with extent of liver fibrosis, but similar relation with another serum markers specially IgA and IgM not found. Conclusion: Total imunoglobulins and IgG serum levels had significant independent prediction of necro inflammatory and extent of liver fibrosis bit other markers did not had this relation. Also we can use total immunoglobulins and IgG serum levels as a predictor of liver fibrosis and a noninvasive method to replacement of invasive liver biopsy method.

[Rasoul Estakhri, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Abdolreza TabanSadeghi, Babak Hajipour, Faeghe Tajallayi. Evaluation of correlation between serum immunoglobulin levels and extent of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic B hepatitis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2969-2974]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 436

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.436

 

Keywords: serum immunoglobulin, hepatic fibrosis, B hepatitis

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Higher-order asymptotic formula for the eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problem with indefinite weight function in the Neumann boundary condition

 

Farhad Dastmalchi Saei1, A. Jodayree Akbarfam2

 

1. Department of Mathematics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2. Faculty of Mathematical Sciences Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

E-Mail: dastmalchi@iaut.ac.ir; E-Mail: akbarfam@ark.tabrizu.ac.ir

 

 Abstract: In this paper,we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the differential equation

 QUOTE   Where QUOTE   contains a finite number of zeros of QUOTE  , the so called turning points, QUOTE   is a real parameter and the function QUOTE   is bounded and integrable in QUOTE  . Using a technique used previously in [7], we derive the higher-order asymptotic distribution of the positive eigenvalues associated with this equation for the Neumann problem(i.e, QUOTE  ). In most differential equations with variable coefficient it is impossible to obtain an exact solution, so we want to obtain asymptotic distribution of the eigenvalues without solving equation.

[Farhad Dastmalchi Saei, A. Jodayree Akbarfam. Higher-order asymptotic formula for the eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problem with indefinite weight function in the Neumann boundary condition. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2975-2979]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 437

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.437

 

Keywords: turning point, Sturm-Liouville, nondefinite, asymptotic distribution, eigenvalue.

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Solutions of Twelfth -Order Boundary Value Problems Using Polynomial Spline in Off Step Points

 

Karim farajeyan1; Nader Rafati Maleki 2; Shahram Banaei 3

 

1,3Department of Mathematics, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University,Bonab,Iran

2Department of Mathematics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

karim_faraj@yahoo.com; n.rafatimaleki@yahoo.com; Sh_Banaei@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: We use Polynomial spline functions in off step points to develop a numerical method for the solutions of twelfth order boundary value problems. We show that the present method gives an approximation which are better than those produced by other finite difference and spline methods. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate practical usefulness of our method.

[Karim farajeyan; Nader Rafati Maleki; Shahram Banaei. Solutions of Twelfth -Order Boundary Value Problems Using Polynomial Spline in Off Step Points. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2980-2985]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 438

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.438

 

Keywords: twelfth -order boundary-value problem; Polynomial spline functions; End conditions; Numerical results.

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Estimation of chemical resistance of PFM dental ceramics by neural network

 

Siamak haghipour, Sayana rostami

 

Department of biomedical engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

haghipour@iaut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: artificial neural networks are one of the intelligent systems that apply experimental data in order to obtain the hidden rule among data and model the system. Despite the high ability of neural networks, this method has limited application in biomaterial engineering so that it has not been used for estimating the chemical resistance of dental ceramics. The purpose of this research is to determine the mass concentration of ions eluted from dental ceramics emerged in an acid and draw on the results to develop a feed forward back propagation neural network to simulated the mechanism of elution of this type of ceramics. By designing such an intelligent system, it is possible to investigate and determine the eluted ions from each type of dental porcelains in a long period of time and anytime without the necessity of doing long experiments and high cost. Furthermore, this system is able to change the composition of each porcelain as software in a simulated media and compute the changes of ion's elution and consequently draw on the best possible combination for a particular powder. Because of high correction coefficient and low normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) between the measured data and the estimate data, it is concluded that the artificial neural network has a great potential in investigating the model of the system and it is high ability in modeling the mechanism of the elution in dental ceramics

[Siamak haghipour, Sayana rostami. Estimation of chemical resistance of PFM dental ceramics by neural network. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2986-2996]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 439

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.439

 

Keywords: Neural networks, chemical resistance, porcelain, ICP, PFM.

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Long-term Resveratrol Administration Reduces Renal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Rate In Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

 

Saeed Khamneh1, Farhad Ghadiri Soufi2, Fatemeh Afshar3

 

1 Department of Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3 Department of Histopathology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Tabriz, Iran.

Corresponding author: Dr. Saeed Khamnei (Professor of physiology;MD, PhD), Department of physiology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Tabriz, Iran. Tel: +9809141165717; Fax: +9804113364664; Email: Khamnei-s@iaut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate whether long-term resveratrol administration has beneficial effects on renal oxidative stress and apoptosis rate in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6): normal control, diabetic control, normal rats treated with resveratrol, and diabetic rats treated with resveratrol. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; i.p.), 15 min after the prescription of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg; i.p.) in 12 h fasted rats. RESULTS: Four-month oral resveratrol prescriptions (5 mg/kg/day) significantly attenuated the enhancement of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, urea, and creatinine and 8-isoprostane levels in diabetic rats. Moreover, resveratrol administration to diabetic rats improved the reduced levels of glutathione, total antioxidant capacity and the antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase). The apoptosis rate significantly increased in the renal of diabetic groups as compared with normal groups. Treatment with resveratrol reduced this enhancement statistically. These results suggest that chronic resveratrol administration is safe and effective and also may be considered as a therapeutic compound in diabetes.

[Saeed Khamneh, Farhad Ghadiri Soufi, Fatemeh Afshar. Long-term Resveratrol Administration Reduces Renal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Rate In Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2997-3001]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 440

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.440

 

Key words: Diabetes, Resveratrol, hyperglycemia, Oxidative stress, Cell death.

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The effect of ownership structure of corporate governance on agency cost

 

1- Younas badavar nahandi (PH.D) 2- Rasul baradaran Hasanzadeh (PH.D)3- Ghafur sharifzadeh

 

1,2Assistant professor in accounting department, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3,Msc in accounting, accounting department, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding author:ghafour sharizade; Email: g.sharify@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The main purpose of the development and implementation of corporate governance principles is encourage managers to take steps towards the interests of the company, instead of pursuing personal interests and build confidence among financial market participants. So we can expect that proper development and implementation of the above principles increases the confidence of owners and other interest groups, and ultimately reduces regulatory and agency costs. This study is carried out with the aim of determining the direction and extent of effectiveness of each mechanism of ownership structure corporate governance on agency costs. This study is a causal-post-eventual research in terms of method, and considering its application in capital market is an applied research, in terms of objective. Also test of variables in this study is multivariate regression of panel data. Overall, the results of data analysis of 124 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1382-1389 shows that the percentage of free floats have a positive effect on agency costs, and the percentage of state ownership, the percentage of directorate ownership and institutional ownership has no effect on agency cost.

[Y.B. Nhandi, H. Baradaran hasanzade, GH. Sharifzade. The effect of ownership structure of corporate governance on agency cost. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3002-3010]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 441

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.441

 

Keywords: ownership structure, corporate governance, agency cost.

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Political Structure and Administrative System of Poshtkooh (Ilam) In the period of Valian

 

Ebrahim Yaghobi1, Sivash Yari2

 

1.Permanent Member of Iran Historic Society, Author and Researcher, Ilam University Instructor, Education Organization; 2.Faculty member Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

Yaghobi6@yahoo.com, Cia839@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Hassan Khan was appointed as governor of Lorestan from 1215 to 1255 AH according to Valian historical writings in Takht Khan remained from Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar Era. Hasan Khan ruled Poshtkooh area until age 90.After death of Agha Mohammad Khan, his successor Fath Ali Shah undertook to limit the influence of local and border area governors and rulers in order to strengthen his own reign and achieve his designated objectives. He appointed Qajar governors to those areas he considered problematic for his rule in an attempt to bring Iran in complete control of Qajar rule. He appointed his able son, Mohammad Ali Mirza Dolatshah, to governorship of Kordestan and Kermanshah. Lorestan was divided into two areas called Pishkooh and Poshtkooh. Poshtkooh was a border area and subject to continuous disputes between Iran and Ottoman. Dispute arose between Hassan Khan and his sons, Ali Khan, Ahmad Khan, and Heidar Khan at the end of Hassan Khan's life. The result of this dispute was the division of Poshtkoof into three areas between Hassan Khan's three sons. Mohammad Ali Mirza Dolatshah took advantage of the family dispute to weaken Hassan Khan Vali. He managed to increase its sphere of influence by interfering and supporting sons against father. It is believed that Hassan Khan Vali did not show his loyalty to Fath Ali Shah and reigned as an independent ruler. His independence forced the central government to weaken his position by conspiring and encouraging family disputes.Hassan Khan Vali was one of the servants to Shahverdi Khan, the last ruler of Atabakan of Lorestan. He died at age 90 in 1255 AH during Fath Ali Shah era. He was buried in Keshik Khaneh, in Najaf Ashraf.Vali Heidar Khan ruled Poshtkooh from 1255 to 1273 AH. His reign was supported by the central government. Hussein Gholi became Poshtkooh governor after the death of Haidar Khan. Hussein Gholi Khan earned several titles including Sarem al-Saltaneh, Sardar Ashraf, and Amir Tooman. Qajar historiographers and foreign reporters, including travelers and adventurists who had traveled to Poshtkooh during Nasser al-Din Shah Era and later, had explicitly written about Hussein Gholi Khan's bravery, heroism, and authority. He earned the title of Aboo Ghaddareh for his harsh suppression of rebellious and unruly Seqvand tribes, who had looted Dezfool, and his continued conflict with Bani Lam Arabs, who were Ottoman citizens and crossed borders in aggression. After death of Hussein Gholi Khan, his son Gholam Reza Khan became Vali. He had received Fath al-Sultan title after his father's suppression of rebellious tribes. He later took the title of Sarem al-Sultan. Gholam Reza took his money and jewelry, moved to Iraq, and settled in Bagdad during Reza Shah Pahlavi era. Gholam Reza moiled over returning to Iran in 1308. He was even granted respite. However, Gholam Reza Khan changed his mind about returning after Anvar Lorestan chiefs were hanged in Khorram Abad by Major General Agha Khan Khazaiee upon their return to Iran in spite of respite granted by Iranian authorities with a pledge not to be harmed.

[Ebrahim Yaghobi, Sivash Yari. Political Structure and Administrative System of Poshtkooh(Ilam) the period of Valian. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3011-3019] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 442

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.442

 

Keywords: Poshtkooh Valian, Valigari, Hassan Khan, Heidar Khan, Hussein Khan, Aboo Ghadareh, Gholam Reza Khan

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The First Report for the invasion of Artemia franciscana Kellogg 1906in Tashk and Bakhtegan Lakes, Iran

 

SepidehShafaie1., SamadZare2, RaminManaffar3 and Afagh Falahati4

 

 Msc student, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Iran

1professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Iran

2,.Artemia and Aquatic Animals Research Institute, Urmia University, Iran

Msc student, Fishery department,Bandar abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar abbas, Iran

Corresponding author: Sepideh Shafaie

 Iran, Urmia, ShahidBeheshti Ave. Urmia University, Artemia and Aquatic Animals Research Institute

 P. O. Box 165 Tel. 09143478679, E-mail. s.shafaie87@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Artemia, a small crustacean, with high commercial value is a valuable model organism for researchers. This creature by tolerating extreme range of different environmental conditions was dispersed to more than 600 and 18 sites over the world and Iran, respectively. Tashk and Bakhtegan Lakesare one of the natural parthenogenetic Artemia habitats in Iran. Due to occurrence of an unknown bisexual Artemia in Tashk Lake, the species of this un-endemic Artemia was inferred. In this regard, four different molecular markers as Na/K ATP-ase, 12S-16Sby PCR-RFLP technique and COI and HSP26 by sequencing and subsequent Genbank data were studied. The conducted analyses with emphasizing to ability of molecular techniques for identifying unknown species characterized the new population as A. franciscanain these two lakes. These analyses also revealed a molecular diversity between the sequenced genes with the data found in the Genbank.

[SepidehShafaie, SamadZare, RaminManaffar, Afagh Falahati. The First Report for the invasion of Artemia franciscana Kellogg 1906in Tashk and Bakhtegan Lakes, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3020-3024]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 443

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.443

 

Keywords: Artemia- Bisexual-parthenogenetic-Tashk Lake- Bakhtegan Lake.

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The renal toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl in Wistar rats

 

Taghikhani M1, Nasri H1, Asgari A1, Afrough H1, Namjoo AR2, Ansari-Samani R1, Shahinfard N1

and Rafieian-kopaei1*

 

1Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran

 *Corresponding author: Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: rafieian@yahoo.com

 

ABSTRACT: Stachys lavandulifolia is used as the herbal tea in gastrointestinal disorders. It is believed that this plant has beneficial curative properties. However, more studies are needed to determine the toxic effects of plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl on male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 100 adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into 5 groups of 20; including one control and 4 experimental groups, and injected i.p saline or Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl extract (50,100,150 and 200 mg/kg) for 1 month. Then sampling was done from half of the animas of each group. The left animals in each group were held without injection for one more month and then sampling was done. In the groups that Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl extract were used for one month, a mild degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cell was observable. However, in the second month of the study, the histologic lesions were significantly more (P<0.05). Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl extract has renal tubular toxicity and this toxicity may continue even following drug discontinuation. However, further studies need to evaluate renal complications of this drug in human.

[Taghikhani M, Nasri H, Asgari A, Afrough H, Namjoo AR, Ansari-Samani R, Shahinfard N and Rafieian-kopaei. The renal toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl in Wistar rats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3025-3031] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 444

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.444

 

Keywords: Lamiaceae family, Therapeutic properties, Renal toxicity, Tubular degeneration

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Striae Gravidarum in Iranian Women: Prevalence and Associated Factors

 

Nasim Bahrami1, Mohammad Ali Soleimani2, Hamid Sharif Nia3, Reza Masoodi 4, Hoorieh Shaigan 5 and Mitra Hekmat Afshar*6

 

1. Faculty of Nursing and midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran and PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2. Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran and PhD Student of Nursing and midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3. Faculty of Nursing and midwifery of Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran and PhD Student of Nursing at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4. faculty of Nursing and midwifery, Shahrekord university of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran and PhD student of nursing, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

5. Faculty of Nursing and midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Langroud, Iran.

6. Msc of critical care Nursing, Golestan University of medical sciences, Gorgan, Iran (Corresponding Author)

Email: m.hekmatafshar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Striae gravidarum (SG) is one of the most common connective tissue changes during pregnancy that may be causing concerns. The purpose of this study was to identify associated factors with striae gravidarum (SG) in pregnant women and their possible association with the characteristics of themselves and their newborns. A cross-sectional study of 224 primiparous women delivering at an educational and therapeutic center was conducted. The data were collected via questionnaire and physical examination. The presence, absence, and severity of striae were evaluated by Davey’s score. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi-square test, t test). 81.3 percent of the participants had developed SG. Women who developed SG had gained significantly more weight during pregnancy (14.04 ± 4.5 vs 12.2 kg ± 4.6; P < 0.02) and had more body mass index (23.47± 3.6 vs 21.76± 2.8; p<0.002). Family history of striae gravidarum in mother and sister have a significant association with the presence of SG. This study showed that genetic factors (family history striae gravidarum) and physical factors (weight gain during pregnancy and baseline body mass index) may have a very important role in developing striae gravidarum. The result of this study can help physicians to counsel Iranian pregnant women about their associated factors for striae gravidarum.

 [Nasim Bahrami, Mohammad Ali Soleimani, Hamid Sharif Nia, Reza Masoodi, Hoorieh Shaigan and Mitra Hekmat Afshar. Striae Gravidarum in Iranian Women: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3032-3037] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 445

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.445

 

Key words: pregnancy, striae gravidarum, Associate factors, prevalence

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Risk factors of renal stone in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis: A case-control study

 

Ali Ghorbani1, Heshmatollah Shahbazian1 and Leila Moradi2

 

1Department of Nephrology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

2Department of Internal Medicine, Sina Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Corresponding Author: Ali Ghorbani, Department of Nephrology, Golestan Hospital,

Golestan Blvd, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Fax: +98 611 374 3013 Tel: +98 611 374 3013 E-mail: dralighorbani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Renal stone disease is common and caused by a variety of conditions. The overall lifetime rate of renal stone in the general population is approximately 5-12%. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of recurrence rate and metabolic changes present in patients with urinary lithiasis. Patients with renal stone, who attended the nephrology clinics in Ahvaz, Iran, were enrolled into the study. One hundred and forty patients and 60 control cases were recruited to the study. Predominance observed for male gender, with 2.1:1 ratio. There were also 33 men and 27 women in control group. Mean age was 36.8±14.3 and 40.5 ± 14.5 years for patients and control group respectively. Frequency of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.90), urinary tract infection (p = 0.125) and cystinuria (p = 0.181) did not significantly differ among patients and control cases. Mean body mass index, daily fluid intake, serum fasting glucose, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, alkaline phosphates, parathormone and cholesterol show no statistically significant difference between patients and control group. Mean serum BUN, creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients compared to control group. Mean of 24-hour urine volume, excreted sodium, uric acid, and citrate were significantly higher in patients group too. We concluded that evaluation of recurrent stone formers by examining their blood and urine samples, especially 24-hour urine sample, is beneficial to find underlying metabolic disorder.

[Ali Ghorbani, Heshmatollah Shahbazian and Leila Moradi. Risk factors of renal stone in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis: A case-control study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3038-3043] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 446

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.446

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The Effect of Attitudes on Managers Creativity

 

1*Azita Sherej Sharifi and 2Maryam Charrakh

 

1Department of Accounting, Nowshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Nowshahr, Iran

 2Management Department, Tabarestan Education Institution, Chalous Branch, Iran

 E-mail: B.Charrakh1@gmail.com

 *Corresponding Author: Azita Sherej Sharifi

 E-mail: sharifi@iauns.ac.ir and sharifi_1258@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The most important principle for organization is permanence and development. Today, for permanence in the stage of competition, creativity is vital and important work [2] one of the effective factors in creativity is manager’s organization attitude. One of the unique characteristic of human is his enjoyment from attitude. Human being could rule over the variable and complex environment by his thinking and continuing his life. People think with their especial style about circumstances facts [5] if we acquaint with people’s attitude, we can better find how the other think do. This fact will help us to communicate with others and this makes us possible to express our thought as this can be compatible with their attitude. This article studies the relationship between the kinds of attitude and managers organizational creativity in Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran Province. The researcher method was a kind of correlation and collected data and information were done by questionnaire and its results was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software was used for test. The results show that the emphasis of the main hypothesis to confirm with two secondary hypotheses, it means, there are meaningful relation between synthetic attitude and functional styles with managers organizational creativity and there are not meaningful relation between analytical, realist idealist thinking styles.

 [Azita Sherej Sharifi and Maryam Charrakh. The Effect of Attitudes on Managers Creativity. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3044-3051] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 447

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.447

 

Keywords: Attitude Style, Organizational Creativity, Managers

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Comparison of radial basic function (RBF) and STATISTICA in daily flow forecasting

 

Mahdi Moharrampour1 and Mohammad Kherad Ranjbar2

 

1 Department of civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, buinzahra branch, Qazvin, Iran

2 Same technical and vocational training college, Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Karaj, Iran; E-mail: kherad_m62@yahoo.com

 *Corresponding Author: Mahdi Moharrampour; E-mail: m62.mahdi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract. Two decades with the advent of methods based on artificial intelligence and genetics. Algorithm directly based upon different parameters to predict water engineering is highly developed Accurate prediction of flow in rivers, always as one of the most important factors in safe and economic design of facilities and structures related to river water has been considered by researchers.In this study, the method of radial basic function RBF and STATISTICA model, are used to forecast daily river flow in north of Iran and the results of these models are compared with Observed daily values. In this paper using information from the four Station hydrometer from the basin for 18 years, statistics from 1368 to 1386 and after normalization to 75% data for training and 25% data for testing were chosen. the results showed that the ability of the radial basic function RBF model output better than the STATISTICAl software.

 [Mahdi Moharrampour and Mohammad Kherad Ranjbar. Comparison of radial basic function (RBF) and STATISTICA in daily flow forecasting. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3052-3058] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 448

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.448

 

Keywords: water resources management, flow forecasting, radial basic function neural network RBF, the STATISTICAl software, Gharasoo River.

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The Impact of CRM Application on Customer Satisfaction in Financial Institutions

(Case Study: Financial Institutions in Iran)

 

1Maryam Charrakh and 2*Azita Sherej Sharifi

 

1Management Department, Tabarestan Education Institution, Chalous Branch, Iran

E-mail: B.Charrakh1@gmail.com

 2Department of Accounting, Nowshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Nowshahr, Iran.

 *Corresponding Author: Azita Sherej Sharifi

 E-mail: sharifi@iauns.ac.ir and sharifi_1258@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The current business environment is very different from the past and the competition has a special role. Top of FormIn this space, without a doubt the most important factor discrimination between competitors after quality is time and delivery cost of goods or services with added value. The added value occurs through a continuous and stable relationship with the customer. Customer relationship management) CRM) is an important step in creating this value added. CRM as a tool in the hands of banks and institutions is important for communicating with customers and attract and retain them. The main object of study is CRM application impact on customer satisfaction in financial and credit institutions. Method of study is descriptive – analytical and causal analysis and statistical community is customers of financial and credit institutions in Iran(Tehran) and measurement tools is questionnaires.statistical test is Regression analysis After hypothesis testing the was determined thatTop of Formthe elements of CRM (quality of service, service features, service availability and system complaints) has an impact on customer satisfaction.

[Maryam Charrakh and Azita Sherej Sharifi. The Impact of CRM Application on Customer Satisfaction in Financial Institutions(Case Study: Financial Institutions in Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3059-3066] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 449

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.449

 

Keywords: CRM, Customer Satisfaction, Services, Financial, Credit Institutions

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Bottom Deformation of Dock Settling Basin on Elastic Foundation

 

Abolfazl Nazari Giglou1, Gita Eynollahi2, Taher Nazari Giglou1

 

1Civil Engineering Department, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad Moghan, Iran

a.nazari.g@iaupmogan.ac.ir

1Geography Engineering Department, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad Moghan, Iran

 

Abstract: This research studies the deformation computation of bottom of the dock settling basin mainly during the operation period. The bottom of dock settling basin along its length is supposed as a finite bending rigid beam on the ground base. The Fuss-Winkler model is used to compute the variable stiffness coefficient. The basic parameter of this model, i.e. Soil stiffness coefficient, is a non-linear parabolic equation that is accepted along the length of the dock settling basin bottom. This problem is shortened to variable coefficient of ordinary differential equation and is computed by boundary conditions and Maclaurin’s series method. After computation of equation, deformation rate and interior forces can be found at any arbitrary cross section of dock settling basin bottom. This article presents a new method of computing the rate and quality of the dock settling basin bottom deformation. The results are compared to the results of the some other researchers.

[Giglou AN, Eynollahi G, Giglou TN. Bottom Deformation of Dock Settling Basin on Elastic Foundation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3067-3072] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 450

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.450

 

Keywords: Settling Basin, Operation Period, Fuss-Winkler, Maclaurin’s Series, Boundary Condition

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CXCR4 Expression on Peripheral Blood T-Lymphocytes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and its Relation to Disease Activity

 

Dina S. Al-Zifzaf¹, Abir M. Nabil2, Rasha Mamdouh3 and Reem A K khattab3

 

1Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams Universitiy

2 Physical medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo Universitiy,

3Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

drdyassin@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Aim: In this study, we evaluated the expression of CXCR4 on peripheral blood T cells from SLE patients and studied the association between these levels and various clinical and laboratory parameters in order to find out whether SLE patients demonstrated expression abnormalities of CXCR4 to establish if there is a relation between its expression and disease activity in SLE. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on thirty two patients with SLE. All patients were diagnosed according to the 1997 updated American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised Criteria for diagnosis of SLE. The study also included ten ages and sex matched apparently healthy controls. All patients were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, assessment of the disease activity according to the modified SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), SLE cumulative organ damage was scored using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) damage index. Routine laboratory investigations were done as well as estimation of CXCR4 expression by flowcytometry on Total Lymphocytes and T- Lymphocytes. Results: There was a significant increase in CXCR4 expression on Lymphocytes in general and specifically on T- lymphocytes among SLE patients compared to healthy controls. SLE patients with joint manifestations had significantly lower frequency of expression of CXCR4 on their T cells. On the other hand, patients with serositis had significantly higher levels of expression of CXCR4 on their lymphocytes. Patients with nephritis did not show a significant difference in their chemokine receptor expression as compared to patients without nephritis. Also, no such difference was found regarding the any other clinical or lab characteristic of the patients. A positive significant correlation between T lymphocytes expressing CXCR4 and disease activity measured by the SLEDAI was found. The test validity characters of CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes for discrimination of SLE at the best cutoff value of 34.6% showed 100% specificity, 87.5% sensitivity and 90.5% efficacy. Conclusion: CXCR4 expression levels are elevated on total lymphocytes as well as T cells from SLE patients. This increase in cell expression of CXCR4 correlates positively with disease activity. These findings suggest that CXCR4 hyperexpression may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of SLE, and may after further studies be used as an indicator of disease activity. This also suggests CXCR4 antagonists may halt the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of the disease and improve prognosis for SLE patients.

[Dina S. Al-Zifzaf, Abir M. Nabil, Rasha Mamdouh and Reem A K khattab. CXCR4 Expression on Peripheral Blood T-Lymphocytes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and its Relation to Disease Activity. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3073-3079] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 451

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.451

 

Key words: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, CXCR4

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Using Common Weight Of Anti Ideal Decision Making Unit In Trade Off Models Of Data Envelopment Analysis For Computing Expanded Malmquist Index

 

Farshad Motallebi Korbkandi

 

Department of Management, Tafresh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tafresh, Iran

E-mail: motallebi_farshad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The Malmquist Index the prominent Index for measuring the productivity change of Decision Making Units (DMUs) in multiple time periods that use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models with Variable Return to Scale (VRS) and Constant Return to Scale (CRS) technology. The Trade Offs (TO) approach is an advanced tool for the improvement of the discrimination of DEA model. In this paper, we compute the Expanded Malmquist Index based on Common weights by using anti ideal DMU evaluation in Trade Off models in DEA, and by using this method we can rank DMUs by logical criteria.

[Farshad Motallebi Korbkandi. Using Common Weight Of Anti Ideal Decision Making Unit In Trade Off Models Of Data Envelopment Analysis For Computing Expanded Malmquist Index. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3080-3084] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 452

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.452

 

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Common Weights (CW), Expanded Malmquist Index, Trade Off, Anti Ideal DMU.

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Evaluation of Genotoxic Effects of Formaldehyde in Adult Albino Rats and Its Implication In Case of Human Exposure

 

Mie Sameer Gomaa1*; Ghada E. Elmesallamy2 and Maha Mohamad Sameer3

 

Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University1,2 and Animal Health Research Institute3, Zagazig, Egypt

drmiegomaa@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: Formaldehyde is a reactive chemical that is commonly used in the production of industrial, laboratory, household, and cosmetic products. Formaldehyde (FA) is a potential carcinogen and mutagen. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the systemic genotoxicity of formaldehyde in experimental animals and in subjects exposed to FA. Material, Subjects and Methods: The animal study included twenty one rats that were divided into Group (1): Negative control rats,Group (2): Positive control rats: received daily intraperitoneal injected with distilled water,Group (3): Formaldehyde group, received single intraperitoneal injection of Formaldehyde (0.2 mg/kg/day) after 4 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed then submitted to cytogenetic examination by detection of their chromosomal pattern and mitotic index in bone marrow cells. The human study comprised two groups: 30 individuals occupationally exposed to formaldehyde in Zagazig University (cases) and 15 unexposed individuals (controls), from whom peripheral blood were collected and used for evaluation of the chromosomal aberrations (CAs) frequency and the comet assay for detection of DNA damage.Results: This study revealed increased frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations and decreased mitotic index of bone marrow cells of rats exposed to FA. Individuals exposed to FA also showed high frequency of chromosomal aberrations and increased levels of DNA damage in the Comet assay in terms of tail length and tail moment in peripheral blood lymphocytes compared to controls. Conclusion: Exposure to formaldehyde induced Chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of exposed subjects and bone marrow cells of albino rats.

[Mie Sameer Gomaa; Ghada E. Elmesallamy and Maha Mohamad Sameer. Evaluation of Genotoxic Effects of Formaldehyde in Adult Albino Rats and Its Implication In Case of Human Exposure. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3085-3093] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 453

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.453

 

Keywords: Formaldehyde, Genotoxicity, chromosomal aberration, DNA damage, Comet assay.

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Formal Analysis of Arrival Procedure of Air Traffic Control System

 

Shahid Yousaf1, Sher Afzal Khan2, Nazir Ahmad Zafar3, Farooq Ahmad1, and Muazzam Ali Khan2

 

1Faculty of Information Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

2Department of Computer sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

3Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia

Email: shahid.yousaf@ucp.edu.pk; muazzam@awkum.edu.pk; drfarooq@ucp.edu.pk; nazafar@kfu.edu.sa

 

Abstract: The air traffic control (ATC) is safety, monetary and environmental critical system. Its failure may cause the loss of human life, severe injuries, loss of money and environmental issues. The complexity of such systems requires formal modeling and step by step design processes. In this paper we investigate the use of formal method VDM++ to specify and verify the arrival procedure of aircrafts. The control along arrival procedure changes from the ramp to the gate controller to make possible the safe arrival. For the specification the bottom up approach is used to model the system. Initially, aircraft, ramp and gate controller are specified, then all are combine for their synchronize approach. The specification and syntactical verification are performed by VDM++ which is an object oriented model based formal approach.

[Yousaf S, Khan SA, Zafar NA and Farooq A and Khan MA. Formal Analysis of Arrival Procedure of Air Traffic Control System. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3094-3098] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 454

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.454

 

Keywords: VDM++; air traffic control system; formal specification; formal method.

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文本框:  

Cognitive Social Knowledge Grid Infrastructure for Collaborative Environments

 

Sahar Saberi1*, Mehdi N. Fesharaki1, Kambiz Badie2

 

1Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2Iran Telecommunication Research Center, Tehran, Iran

* ssaberi@seiau.ir

 

Abstract: Collaborative environments are virtual workplaces where agents can communicate, interact and collaborate. We introduce a model to compare different social structures and make a comparison between famous network structure and our goal infrastructure. Based on the differences, the main reasons to present our proposed model are described. Therefore we introduce an infrastructure to support optimized interoperability and propose a novel architecture, called Cognitive Social Knowledge Grid architecture, as a solution to perform information and knowledge operations through interaction and collaboration of humans and machines. CSKG services and mechanisms have been described and relationship models of CSKG components and services have been presented using UML. Utilizing capabilities of social network services, user profiles information, social culture and operational environment, CSKG collaboration management services form a community to perform an activity. Ultimately, CSKG performance and execution capabilities in large-scale collaboration networks have been evaluated. Furthermore, community formation based on user profiles similarities and social culture like trust and commitment is argued using weighted cosine similarity function.

[Saberil S, N.Fesharaki M. Cognitive Social Knowledge Grid Infrastructure for Collaborative Environments. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3099-] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 455

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.455

 

Keywords: knowledge grid; collaborative environments; social network; service-oriented architecture; trust; commitment

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Effect of educational program on performance of Intensive Care Nurses to Decrement the low Back pain

 

Manal Salah, Naglaa Mahdy and Lobna Mohamed

 

Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University

drmaasa@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders are an important public health problem. Among them are back conditions, Low back pain has been found to be the most prevailing musculoskeletal condition as well as a common cause of disability in high and low income countries, with 85% prevalence. Nurses have been reported to have one of the highest levels of back work-related injuries in all occupational groups. The great amount of physical work such as patient handling and transfers as well as psychological stress related to their type of work, are said to increase the prevalence of low back pain among nurses. Aim: To evaluate the effect of educational program on performance of Intensive Care Unit nurses to decrement the low back pain. Subjects and Methods: Design: A quasi experimental design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at intensive care units affiliated to Eldemerdash and Ain Shams University Hospitals. Sample: A purposive sample included 35 intensive care nurses. Tools for data collection: Self Administered back pain structured Questionnaire, body mechanics observation checklists, Oswestry low back pain and neck Disability Questionnaire. Results: there were statistically significant differences between pre and post intervention as regards their knowledge and practices regarding back pain and body mechanics. As well, there was no significant difference in intensity of back pain and disability between pre & post intervention. There were a statistically positive correlation between intensity of low back pain and age, years of experience, number of children and body mass index. While there were no statistically significant relations between intensity of low back pain and gender and marital status. Conclusions: The educational program was helpful on the improvement knowledge and practices of the nurses with back pain, while it wasn't leading to decreasing intensity of back pain and disability. Recommendations: The study should be replicated on large sample and different hospitals setting in order to generalize the results, developing a simplified and comprehensive booklet including guidelines about correct lifting and handling techniques and further study is recommended to evaluate the association between low back pain and its associated factors.

[Manal Salah, Naglaa Mahdy and Lobna Mohamed Effect of educational program on performance of Intensive Care Nurses to Decrement the low Back pain. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):3109-3125]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 456

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.456

 

Key words: low back pain, performance.

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A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Cardioprotective Effects of N-acetylcysteine and Glucose-Insulin-Potassium as an Additive to Cardioplegia during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

 

Mohammad Reza Habibi 1, Shervin Ziabakhsh-Tabari 2, Alireza Khalilian 3, Samira Rahemi 4, Rozita Jalalian 5

 

1. Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

2. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

3. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

4. Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

5. Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Reza Habibi

Mazandaran Heart Center, Artesh Boulevard, Mazandaran Province, Sari, Iran.

Email: contactroute@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Optimum conditions for many coronary artery bypass graft surgeries (CABG) necessitate the heart to be prevented from beating. Cardioplegic solution and its ingredients are thus of utmost importance in cardioprotection. An ideal protection will help the heart return into its normal function after CABG. This research compared the cardioprotective effects of adding either N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to Cardioplegic solution with infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) in patients with low ejection fraction (EF). In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 60 elective CABG patients with EF < 50% were evaluated. The patients were numbered according to their reference to the Heart Center of Mazandaran (Iran) and their arrangements in the operation list. They were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 30 by a computer program to receive either GIK (group G) or NAC (group N). Compared to group G, group N had significantly lower incidence of arrhythmia during and after the operation (p = 0.041). They also needed lower doses of inotropic medications after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (p = 0.041). The 2 groups were not significantly different in the need for shock or pacemaker after CPB and using pacemakers and inotropic drugs in the intensive care unit. Changes in mean EF from before to after the operation were 0.87 ± 0.85% in group N and -2.24 ± 1.02% in group G (p = 0.012). The mean troponin I levels were 0.406±0.316, 0.41 ± 0.512 in groups N and G, respectively (p = 0.41). NAC seems to be more beneficial than GIK for protecting myocardial cells, decreasing threatening signs of patients, especially arrhythmia, and increasing EF after CABG. It would probably decrease the mortality risk associated with arrhythmias.

[ Mohammad Reza Habibi, Shervin Ziabakhsh-Tabari, Alireza Khalilian, Samira Rahemi, Rozita Jalalian. A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Cardioprotective Effects of N-acetylcysteine and Glucose-Insulin-Potassium as an Additive to Cardioplegia during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3126-3130] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 457

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.457

 

Keywords: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, N-acetylcysteine, Cardioplegia. Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK)

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Comparison of shear pile force and moment in slippage reinforced with shear pile

 

Mona Mohamadi 1, Abolfazl Eslami 2, Farhad Nabizade 1

 

1. Department of Technology, Guilan University, Iran

2. Department of Technology, polytechnics University, Iran

Mohamady.mona@gmail.com

 

Abstract: High importance of landslide and notable loss of cost and life in various country, leads extensive research in soil mechanics for this problem. Soil stability increases by several methods. The methods work as the factor of causing decrease active pressure or increase passive pressure. One of these is using of shear or soldier pile as single or wall system. Piles by increasing of passive force against landslide will cause the increase of slope stability. Also piles in this manner can operate as deep foundation for structures founded up the slope. In these situations using of them will be lead to economic construction. To use piles for slope control, both structural and geotechnical resistance of piles, must be considered. As the piles in slope are subjected to large axial and shear force, also bending moment, their design needs specific attention. In this research, shear pile response studied with limit equilibrium method, LPILE software and finite differential method approach using FLAC, for two piles with different elasticity modules. Shear and axial force and bending moment diagram for structural designing of piles, from these methods will be presented. Results with emphasis of suitable effect of pile on slope instability control, shows that, location of pile in the slope and elasticity module has significant effect on the forces and bending moment of pile.

[Mona Mohamadi, Abolfazl Eslami, Farhad Nabizade. Comparison of shear pile force and moment in slippage reinforced with shear pile. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3131-3136] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 458

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.458

 

Keyword: Slope stability, landslide, shear pile, LPILE, FLAC

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The Study of Bank Erosion in Kashkan River Meanders

 

HAGHIABI Amir Hamzeh1, Mohammad Karami2

 

1.Academic Member, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran,

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Dehloran branch, Islamic azad university, Dehloran, Iran

haghiabi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Kashkan River is an important branch of Karkheh River. The water basin of this river up to Poledokhtar station is 9400 km2. After passing 270 km and confluence with Seymareh River at western south of Poledokhtar city, the river (which is now called Karkheh River) flows toward Karkheh Dam. This river due to its morphological characteristics includes various meandering and braiding reaches. Bank erosion at the meanders damages valuable agricultural lands and aggravates the danger of floods. The knowledge of the river behavior is useful for its training. To study the periodic changes of the river plan form, topographic maps and satellite photos were compared together and field inspections accomplished. For determining the meanders characteristics and their development rates, numerous field inspections were done and satellite photos used. On the basis of geometric characteristics of the meanders and using empirical relations, the rates of bank erosion at critical reaches were predicted and some technical ideas suggested.

[HAGHIABI Amir Hamzeh, Mohammad Karami. The Study of Bank Erosion in Kashkan River Meanders. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3137-3142] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 459

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.459

 

Keywords: Meander-Bank Erosion-Kashkan-River

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The Right of Saudi Women to Sign for their Health Care in Saudi Arabia, Fact and Fiction

 

Al-Amoudi S M, MBchB, CABOG

 

Sheikh Mohammed H. Al-Amoudi Scientific Chair for Women’s Health Empowerment

King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

dr.samia_amoudi@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Background and Objectives: The Islamic Sharia Law support Women’s Health Rights and the basic law of Saudi Arabia declares that “The state takes care of health issues and provides health care for every citizen”. There is an assumption and misconception that Saudi women must obtain permission from their legal guardian before they can obtain medical care and sign for treatment and surgery. The objective of this study is to identify the facts of the right of Saudi women to consent for their own surgical health care among patients with breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was carried out between the period 2008-2011 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. The questionnaire reviewed the treatment modalities (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology), type of surgery procedure (lumpectomy, mastectomy, reconstructive surgery and others), age of patients and who did sign the consent form for surgery. Results: Total consents taken were 1015 (the same patient may have had more than one consent forms). Among them 201 (19.9%) were consents for surgery, 581 (57.2) were consents for agreeing to chemotherapy, 25 (2.5%) were for radiotherapy and 208 (20.4) were consents for diagnostic radiology procedures. Out of the (201) consents for surgical procedures 81 (40.4%) were for lumpectomy, 100 (49.7%) were for mastectomy and only 1 (0.5%) consent was for reconstructive surgery. Other minor procedures consents constituted 19 (9.4%). Most of the studied patients were in the age range (40-49) and (50-59) representing more than 50% of the studied cancer patients. Regarding the person who signed the consent, he is the patient himself 71% among age group (20-29), 67% among (30-39), 85% among (40-49) and 93% among (50-59). After that the consent is signed by the guardian. No significant difference between age group and relationship between person who signed the consent (P>0.05). Conclusions: Women in Saudi Arabia have the right by Sharia law i.e. values of Islamic Law and by rules of Ministry of Health to take decisions and sign for themselves. Yet there is still need to empower women and health care providers with more information and knowledge in this context to avoid fatal consequences.

 [Al-Amoudi S M, MBchB, CABOG. The Right of Saudi Women to Sign for their Health Care in Saudi Arabia, Fact and Fiction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3143-3146] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 460

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.460

 

Keywords: Health rights, surgical consent form, Saudi women, Breast cancer.

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Evaluation of some Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to Control Pythium aphanidermatum in Cucumber Plants

 

Ahmed M. Elazzazy1*, Omar A. Almaghrabi 1, Tarek A. A. Moussa 1, Tamer S. Abdel-Moneim1,2

 

1Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science (North Jeddah), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 15758, Jeddah 21454, Saudi Arabia, 2Suez Canal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Botany, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt.

ahmedazazy8@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Twenty isolates of bacteria were successfully isolated from rhizosphere soil samples collected from different plant species growing at various locations in North Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to investigate their effects on Cucumis sativus L. cv. Marketmore growth and damping-off disease caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. The results of dual culture method showed that only three isolates out of twenty, which have a great antagonistic effect on the growth of P. aphanidermatum referring to inhibition index. The selected isolates were identified in two genera with three species as Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that causing inhibition in fungal growth by rate 38.1±3.8, 66±5.0 and 78.1±6.8%, respectively. Under greenhouse condition, the efficacy of different treatments with bacterial isolates and their possible combination were recorded a varied significant effect to suppress damping off symptoms caused by P. aphanidermatum. All treatments with the isolates of PGPR were recorded growth promoting effect in the absence of pathogenic fungus comparing with untreated plant. The best result in plant height, stem length, plant fresh and dry weight were recorded in treatment with B. subtilis (23.7±1.04 cm, 13.5±0.87 cm 0.62±0.02 g and 0.033±0.007 g), flowed by P. aeruginosa (19.3±1.15 cm, 9.00±1.0 cm, 0.61±0.07 g, 0.029±0.002 g) then B. amyloliquefaciens (17.0±1.30 cm, 8.97±0.90 cm, 0.53±0.01 g, 0.031±0.004 g). On contrast, all seeds were completely dead, when treated with P. aphanidermatum individually or in combination with PGPR isolates except two treatments, which used B. amyloliquefaciens and P. aeruginosa for coating seeds. Consequently, these two isolates have the potential not only to protect cucumber seedling against P. aphanidermatum infection but also to improve the plant growth parameters.

 [Ahmed M. Elazzazy, Omar A. Almaghrabi, Tarek A. A. Moussa, Tamer S. Abdel-Moneim. Evaluation of some Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to Control Pythium aphanidermatum in Cucumber Plants. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3147-3153] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 461

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.461

 

Keywords: Damping off, PGPR, Cucumber plant, Biological control.

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Cytotoxic and insect -repellent activities of surface flavonoids from Datura stramonium L. Grown in Egypt

 

K.M. Meselhy

 

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University & Misr International University, Egypt

kmeselhy@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Three flavonoidal aglycones viz; F1 (Chrysin), F2 (Kampferol) and novel F3(3,7- dimethylether quercetin), were isolated from acetone wash of fresh leaves of Datura stramomium L. Isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their physico-chemical properties, Co-TLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CIMS specrtum. Significant cytotoxic activity against three tumor cell lines (liver, cervix & breast), was recorded for the isolated compounds. In addition, remarkable repellent action of surface falvonoids against House Flies (Musca domestica) was recorded.

[K. M. Meselhy. Cytotoxic and insect -repellent activities of surface flavonoids from Datura stramonium L. Grown in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3154-3158] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 462

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.462

 

Keywords: Aglycone, surface flavonoids, Solanaceae, Datura stramonium, cytotoxic activity, flies repellent activity

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Effect of NPK and Growing Media on Growth and Chemical Composition of Fishtail Palm (Caryota mitis Lour)

 

Afaf M. Habib

 

Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt

 

Abstract: This study was carried out, to investigate the effect of NPK and growing media on growth and chemical composition of fishtail palm (Caryota mitis. Lour). The results revealed that using CPN significantly increased plant height and stem diameter. Treating the plants grown in CPN or in peat moss media with 4 gm NPK at monthly dose gave the best seedling growth. Plants grown in CPN resulted in the tallest plants, the thickest shoots from using 2 or 4 gm NPK, plants grown in CPN or peat moss gave the highest number of leaves.Using sand medium affected more than clay on the response of the plants to NPK. Using composted peanut (CPN) resulted in the largest leaves, clay medium was the last effective. The highest NPK rate (4g) resulted in the greatest value for leaf area. The greatest value of fresh and dry weight of shoots was recorded for plants grown in CPN, while clay medium gave the lowest values. Applying NPK at 4gm was the most effective on increasing the fresh and dry weight of roots. The highest content of chl.-a had been determined in plants grown in peat moss followed by composted peanut (CPN).While Ch-b was the highest in that grown in peat moss or in clay. NPK rates affected significantly on increasing Chl.-a&b contents but decreased carotine contents. The content of carotine, was the lowest in seedlings grown in CPN. Caryota seedlings grown in CPN medium contained the highest value of total carbohydrates in the leaves; using NPK at any rate significantly enhanced the accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves. Fertilization of the plants; grown in clay with 4 gm NPK, decreased indoles content.Growing The plants in peat moss without NPK treatments (control) increased the content of indoles in the leaves. Generally, plants grown in sand or clay, under the same level of NPK rate, contained more phenolic compounds than those grown in peat moss or CPN media. Caryota seedlings grown in CPN medium and fertilized with4 gm NPK, contained the highest values of N and P- content in leaves, whereas that grown in clay medium and fertilized with NPK at any rate contained the highest value of K.

[Afaf M. Habib. Effect of NPK and Growing Media on Growth and Chemical Composition of Fishtail Palm (Caryota mitis Lour)] Life Science Journal 2012; 9(4):3159-3168]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 463

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.463

 

Keywords: NPK; Media; Growth; Chemical Composition; Fishtail Palm; Caryota mitis Lour

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Determinants of Using EMS or Attending Emergency Department after Minor Stroke and High-risk Transient Ischemic Attack in Henan, China

 

Linyu Wang, Song Tan, Avinash Chandra, Yuming Xu

 

Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

Co-first author: Song Tan; Corresponding author: Xu Yu-ming, xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn

 

Abstract: Objective: On the basis of current evidence, treatment delay is minimal if patients contact the emergency medical servicesEMS or attend an emergency department (ED) immediately after minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA). Little is known about the factors that can influence these actions in China.. Methods: Data were collected from university affiliated hospital records from March 2010 to March 2012, and a questionnaire was administered that included questions about socio-demographics, self-reported risk factors and hospital arrival. Potential impact factors of utilizing EMS or attending ED were analyzed by both univariate and multivariate logistical regression. Results: Of 4247 patients who sought medical attention within 24 hours, 61.05%(2593) used EMS or attended ED after minor stroke or high-risk TIA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that consciousness dysfunction(OR 3.129, 95% CI 2.397 to 4.084) at symptom onset, a higher income (2001 Yuan/month) (OR 2.590, 95% CI 2.244 to 2.990), speech impairment (OR 1.343, 95% CI 1.208 to 1.493), Headache or vertigo (OR 1.223, 95% CI 1.090 to 1.372), atrial fibrillation(OR 1.539, 95% CI 1.180 to 2.007), and have family history of stroke(OR 1.290, 95% CI 1.107 to 1.504) were significantly associated with utilizing the EMS or attending an ED. Older patients (65-74years) were less likely to use EMS or attend ED than younger patients (OR 0.765, 95% CI 0.612 to 0.956), similarly to those who reported having previously TIA (OR 0.757, 95% CI 0.616 to 0.929). Conclusion: Utilizing EMS or attending ED after minor stroke or high-risk TIA in Chinese patients is not enough. Being elderly, previous TIA and lower income may contribute to this current status..

[Linyu Wang, Song Tan, Avinash Chandra, Yuming Xu. Determinants of Using EMS or Attending Emergency Department after Minor Stroke and High-risk Transient Ischemic Attack in Henan, China. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3169-3172]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 464.

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.464

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Key words: transient ischemic attack; minor stroke; EMS; emergency department; determinants

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The Effects of Osmanthus Fragrans Flower Extract on Maternally Deprived Rats in Early Life

 

Chien-Ya Hung1#, Yao-Hung Yang2#, Yu-Cheng Tsai2, Min-Yuan Hung2, Chih-Hung Lin3*

 

1 Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan.

2Graduate Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan

3Department of Optometry, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan.

Contributed equally.

*Corresponding author: Earlylife555@yahoo.com.tw

 

Abstract: In the past decade, oxygen radicals have been associated with the development of depression. Osmanthus fragrans is a plant that is distributed in areas of China, Japan and Taiwan. Report show that Osmanthus fragrans flower extract (OFFE), which contains a high amount of total flavonoid and polyphenol, has a significant antioxidant effect, and even has a neuroprotective function. The present study investigated the effects of OFFE on maternally deprived rats (MDP) in early life. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), glutathione (GSH) measurements and forced swim test (FST) were conducted to estimate the effects of OFFE on the MDP rats.The data showed that OFFE caused a significant dose-dependent increase in ORAC and GSH in the organs of the MDP rats, including the brain. At lower doses, the specific brain regions of MDP rats, such as the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, thalamus and cerebellum, also saw a significant increase in ORAC and GSH. In addition, the immobile time in the FST of OFFE treated MDP rats fell significantly at all treated doses. Moreover, the results of lower dose treatment experiments showed a correlation between the antioxidant ability of OFFE and its antidepressant effects. The results indicate that OFFE can strengthen the ability to carry out antioxidation in MDP rats, and that the depression-like behavior of such rats can be decreased due to the antioxidant effect of OFFE.

[Chien-Ya Hung, Yao-Hung Yang, Yu-Cheng Tsai, Min-Yuan Hung, Chih-Hung Lin. The Effects of Osmanthus Fragrans Flower Extract on Maternally Deprived Rats in Early Life. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3173-3178]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 465

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.465

 

 Keyword: depression, osmanthus fragrans flower, maternally deprived rats, the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, forced swim test

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Relation between job satisfaction and depression of tonekabon township hygienic and re medical center of personnel

 

Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi1*, Javad Khalatbari1, Mohammad Akhshabi2

 

1Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tonekabon, Iran,s.shiroudi@toniau.ac.ir,j, khalatbari@toniau.ac.ir

 2Department of Industrial Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran, m.akhshabi@toniau.ac.ir

 âCorresponding Author: Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tonekabon, Iran,s.shiroudi@toniau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Job satisfaction as one of the most important element in increasing the efficiency and provides the positive lookout in individual with increasing job satisfaction, depression will decrease. Depression is a mood that deeply effects on individuals feeling thought,behavior and health and they feel blue, hopelessness and empty and have no satisfaction of their jobs and other situation of their a life and every thing is indifferent for them. they deprecate whit their job,environment,coworkers,with increasing the depression,job satisfaction will decrease and with increasing the job satisfaction,the depression will decrease.there is a meaningful linkage between depression and job satisfaction.The target of this research is finding the relation between job satisfaction with depression of personnel of hygienic and re medical center of tonekabon township which how many personnel of the re medical centers of Tonekabon township have depression and with the same proportion how many people a satisfied with their job.And wether the relationship between job satisfaction with depression is meaningful or not.so that with increasing the job satisfaction, depression will decrease and viceversa. The method of this research is solidarity type, therefore from 520 personal of Statistical society of Tonekabon hygienic and re medical. Centers, randomically 105 persons were chosen and fulled two questionnaire of Rant’s job satisfaction and Back’s depression. statistical datas were provided through spss statistical analysis of Spirman exam that has 99%(sij=0.000) confidence coefficient, that shows there is a meaningful relation between job satisfaction and depression. we result that there is a meaningful relationship between job satisfaction, depression will decrease and viceversa.

[Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi, Javad Khalatbari, Mohammad Akhshabi. Relation between job satisfaction and depression of tonekabon township hygienic and re medical center of personnel. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3179-3182]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 466

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.466

 

Key words: Job satisfaction,depression,rant’s job satisfaction questionnaire,back’s depression questionnaire, personnel of hygienic and re medical centers.

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Effects of Biological Fertilizers on Morphological traits in Bread wheat varieties under drought stress in Greenhouse

 

 Yousef Alaei*, Elena Khabiri, Seyed sajjad Moosavi, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah and Maryam Jafari

 

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 

Corresponding author: Yousef Alaei, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

Email: yousef.alaei@gmail.com. Tel: +989143557024

 

Abstract: To study the effect of two biologic fertilizers containing amino acids on morphologic amount in 11 bread wheat cultivars in drought stress, a research was conducted in Ardabil IAU research greenhouse during 2011. The study design was factorial on base of completely randomized block in three replications. Factor A in two conditions (drought and normal), factor B in three levels (water, aminol-forte and fosnutren) and factor C included 11 wheat genotypes. According to the analysis of variance was observed between the genotypes studied the properties evaluated, there was no significant difference in the level of one percent. Data mean comparison results indicated that Sardari with a mean of 70.53 had the highest shoot length and Gascogne with a mean of 51.37 had the lowest shoot length among studied cultivars. Results to the fertilizer levels data mean comparison indicated that fosnutren liquid fertilizer which had the highest value in total length of root, root dry weight and root to shoot ratio. Aminol forte biological fertilizer had the highest mean in shoot dry weight traits. The results suggest that during the Sardari cultivar of shoot length, shoot dry weight and total claw was highest.

[Yousef Alaei, Elena Khabiri, Seyed sajjad Moosavi, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah and Maryam Jafari. Effects of Biological Fertilizers on Morphological traits in Bread wheat varieties under drought stress in Greenhouse. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3183-3187]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 467

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.467

 

Keywords: wheat, Morphologic Traits, Amino acid fertilizer, Greenhouse, drought

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The effect of breastfeeding educational program on breastfeeding condition

 

Hasanpoor Sh1, Ansari S2*, Bani S3, and Dr.Ebrahimi4

 

1MSc in midwifery and instructor of Tabriz Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Iran.

 2MSc in midwifery and instructor of Ahvaz Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Iran

3MSc in midwifery and instructor of Tabriz Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Iran.

4PhD in Nursing, Assistant Professor of Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Ansari S, Ph.D. in Nursing, Member of faculty, Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,

Email: midvifery_arshad@yahoo.com, tell: 09168007396

 

Abstract: Breastfeeding has long been recognized as the preferred method of feeding in the first year of life and W.H.O has recommended exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Despite the clear benefits of breastfeeding to mother and infant, breastfeeding rates today continue to remain below of recommended level in many countries. Research has shown that mothers’ information about advantages of breastfeeding may be one of the predictor factors affecting breastfeeding, so this study has been done with objective of determination the effect of breastfeeding educational program on breastfeeding condition. A Quasi-Experimental study design was used to test the effect of breastfeeding educational program on exclusive breastfeeding duration. A convenience sample of 120 pregnant women referred to health centers of Ahvaz were selected and divided randomly in two groups. All women were primiparus and indicated their intent to breastfeed their infant. In their last month of pregnancy case group received breastfeeding educational program. Six month after delivery breastfeeding condition in two groups was determined by researchers. Findings of this study showed that the difference between means of exclusive breastfeeding duration between the two groups was statistically significant. The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 5.2 month in case group compared to 2.05 for control group. The results of this study suggested that breastfeeding education in last trimester of pregnancy may increase the duration of breastfeeding and it seems that compilation of educational program in prenatal care of pregnant women is necessary.

 [Hasanpoor Sh, Ansari S, Bani S, and Dr.Ebrahimi. The effect of breastfeeding educational program on breastfeeding condition. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3188-3192]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 468

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.468

 

Key word: education/ breastfeeding/pregnant women

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On investigation between psychologies hardeners and resilience In N.A people

 

Javad Khalatbari1*, Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi1, Mohammad Akhshabi2

 

1Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tonekabon, Iran, j.khalatbari@toniau.ac.ir, s.shiroudi@toniau.ac.ir

2Department of Industrial Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran, m.akhshabi@toniau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Understanding all background factors and comses of addiction lead to planning prevention, identi fyling, treatment and p.following manners by haring goals. present research for analizing relation between psychologic hardiness and resilence in N.A people of Gilan county. This descriptive research is a correative one.participants in this research are 100 people of unknown addicted gooups that are selected by sampling metod. for data collecting, Ahvaz psychohogic hardiness qyestionaire cah1 and daridson _ Qunor resilense questionaire (CD _ RIS) are used. for data analizing regression analize are used and is done by SPSS 16 software. data analyzing indicates that resilience has meaningful relation with psychologies hardiness, but can describe it’s changes. obtained F form regression analyze hn (p < 00001) is meaningful. reaction between psychotic hardiness and resilence in NA people is meaningful and prediction variable (resilience) has serions effect on dependent variable (hardeiness)

 [Javad Khalatbari, Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi, Mohammad Akhshabi. On investigation between psychologies hardeners and resilience In N.A people. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3193-3197]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 469

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.469

 

Keywords: psycholgic hardiness, resilence, unknown addicteal people (NA).

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Association between Quality of Life and Spiritual Well-Being in Community Dwelling Elderly

Alpha

 

1Jabar Heydari- Fard, 2*Masoumeh Bagheri-Nesami and Reza 3Ali Mohammadpour

 

1MS.c.in Psychology, Member of faculty, Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

2Ph.D. in Nursing, Member of faculty, Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,

3Ph.D. in Biostatistic, Member of faculty, Health Sciences School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

 *Corresponding Author: Ph.D. in Nursing, Member of faculty, Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,

 

 Abstract: Spiritual Well-Being is one of the influencing factors on quality of life. The current study has been carried out to assess the relationship between quality of life and Spiritual Well-Being among elderly living at homes. A descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 200 community dwelling elderly in north of Iran. Data was collected using Demographic, quality of life and Spiritual Well-Being questionnaires. The average quality of life and Spiritual Well-Being were 53.52± 19.38 and 94.40±14.03, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant positive association between Spiritual Well-Being scores and quality of life of the elderly (P=0.003, r=0.21). In addition, all aspects of quality of life had significant relationship with the Spiritual Well-Being, except the physical functioning and general health domains. Therefore, it is crucial for health care providers to notice to the importance of spiritual aspects of life in elderly and attempt to improve it. However, further studies on the relationship between different aspects of quality of life and Spiritual Well-Being seem to be essential.

 [Jabar Heydari- Fard, Masoumeh Bagheri-Nesami and Reza Ali Mohammadpour. Association between Quality of Life and Spiritual Well-Being in Community Dwelling Elderly. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3198-3204]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 470

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.470

 

Keywords: Elderly; Community dwelling elderly; Spiritual Well-Being; quality of life

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The Relationship between General Health and Religious Coping in Elderly Residing at Homes

 

Jabar Heydari Fard1 and Masoumeh Bagheri-Nesami 2â

 

1MSC in Psychology, Member of faculty, Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

 

2Ph.D. in Nursing, Member of faculty, Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,

 âCorresponding Author: Ph.D. in Nursing, Member of faculty, Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,

 

Abstract: Aging is usually defined as gradual and general functional impairment in adaptive responses to reduce stress, coupled with the risk of developing age-related diseases. An elderly clearly needs coping skills to deal with life changes and stress. Since only a few studies have been published in this area, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between general health and religious coping skills of elderly people residing at homes. A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 200 elderly residents at home in Sari, northern Iran. A stratified random sampling method was used and eligible elderly were selected from different health centers of the city. Demographic characteristics such as gender, age, educational level and marital status were recorded. GHQ28 questionnaire was used to assess general health and elderly religious coping skills were assessed by religious coping questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to collect the data. For data analysis ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in SPSS Version 17. The mean of Religious coping was 102.11±15.74 and the mean of general health was 25.89±10.62. A significant relationship was found between general health and various aspects of physical symptoms such as anxiety, social dysfunction and depression (P <0.0001). Pearson correlation test revealed no significant relationship between general health and religious coping (r= -0.12, P= 0.08). There was a negative relationship between religious coping and depression in the dimension of general health (r = -0.17, P = 0.01). ANOVA test revealed no significant relationship between the aspects of general health and religious coping skills of poor (97 or less), average (107 to 98) and good (108 or more) (F = 0.44, P = 0.64). The present study found a relationship between general health depression and religious coping skills. Thereby, caregivers should focus more on religion and enhance religious coping skills of elderly people. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the relationship between public health and religious coping skills in different cultures and religions.

 [Jabar Heydari Fard and Masoumeh Bagheri-Nesami. The Relationship between General Health and Religious Coping in Elderly Residing at Homes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3205-3210]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 471

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.471

 

Keywords: General health, religious coping, elderly, home residents

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Ecotourism Role in Tourism Improvement

 

Ali Rostamian1* and Rahele Rostamian2

 

1,2 Department of Geography, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

 *Corresponding Author: Department of Geography, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

 

Abstract: At the recent years echo-tourism category have been considered in a different cycles of tourism industry so that it will advocated to itself such an special setting as an improvement indices at the future time. Echo-tourism is also a kind of tourism and it is a kind of functional practice that is using as a part of zoom and natural sources in the non-consuming form. And it could be provides land employment people and economic welfare by way of keeping and supporting of bare natures area. Among tourism branches, echo-tourism improvement called in such a way that is named echo-tourism century, twenty first century, on 1998 according to the forecast of W.T.O. but it is expected, general growth of tourism industry increase in 4.3-6.7 percent by 2020, and it is increased more in echo-tourism and it is assumed to be about 10-30 percent according to the applied investments.

 [Ali Rostamian and Rahele Rostamian. Ecotourism Role in Tourism Improvement. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3211-3214]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 472

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.472

 

Keywords: Ecotourism, Tourism, stable, Economic improvement

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The relationship of combined oral contraceptive pills with serum fat soluble antioxidant

in reproductive aged women 

 

Foruzan Sarafion1, Shahnaz Najar1, Parvin Abedi*2, Mohammadhossein Haghighizadeh3

 

1 MS.C in Midwifery. Lecturer in the Midwifery Department. Reproductive Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

2 PhD in Community Nutrition. Assistant Professor in Midwifery Department.

Reproductive Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. (Corresponding Author)

3 MS.C in Statistic. Lecturer in the Statistic Department of Heath School of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

 *corresponding author: Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Research Center. Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Ahvaz, Iran

E-mail: parvinabedi@ymail.com Phone number: 00989163132793

Fax Number: 00986113375717

 

Abstract: The effect of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) on fat soluble antioxidant remain a dilemma. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) and fat soluble antioxidant (alpha tocopherol and beta carotene). This was a cross-sectional study which 31 COCP users and 31 non users recruited randomly in Ramhormoz Health Clinic No: 3 in Iran. COCP users should have taken low dose COCP for at least one year. A questionnaire for socio-demographic and a 50 items food frequency questionnaire were used for gathering data. Five ml fasting blood sample has taken and used for measuring fat soluble antioxidant using HPLC method. Results showed that the mean of alpha tocopherol was 7.48 g/ml and 8.59 g/ml and mean of serum beta carotene was 18.25 g/dl and 20.41g/dl in COCP users and non users (p>0.05). However in this study combined oral contraceptive pills did not have any relationship with serum fat soluble antioxidant, further studies with bigger sample size is recommended.

 [Foruzan Sarafion, Shahnaz Najar, Parvin Abedi, Mohammadhossein Haghighizadeh. The relationship of combined oral contraceptive pills with serum fat soluble antioxidant in reproductive aged women. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3215-3219]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 473

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.473

 

Key words: Alpha tocopherol, Beta carotene, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Reproductive age

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THE NEW TEWCHNOLOGY: STAKES AND CHALLENGES for Speech Communication Instruction

 

Mitra Farsi*1 And Sorayya Farsi2

 

1, 2 Student Under the Program of Doctor of English Literature

B.A. in English Language Translation

* Corresponding Author: farsi_1977@yahoo.com

 

ABSTRACT: This essay is about the digital world today, with all its amazing inventions and technology and its immediate effect on language learning. Throughout the article, I’ve been trying to show how through the innovativeness and creativity of the communications, the teacher is forced to be reduce his role to that like of a service provider as in a hamburger chain store. I have based my discussion on a body of knowledge accumulated from the scholarly works of the famous names in the fields of language learning as well as information technology, sand to a large extent on the theory and views of the notorious American sociologist, George Ritzer and his Mac Donaldization social theory, connecting it to what I have observed in the Philippines educational system. Based on this theory and also on the famous quote by a prominent university dean in the Philippines universities, my final proposition is to find ways to keep what is essential from the language teaching traditional systems, to re-define the usage and usefulness of the modern technology applications, and to adapt both to come to a really useful modern language learning -teaching system, considering the modern active attitude of the students while not undermining the central role of teachers in the process of language learning.

[Mitra Farsi And Sorayya Farsi. THE NEW TEWCHNOLOGY: STAKES AND CHALLENGES for Speech Communication Instruction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3220-3224]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 474

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.474

Key Words: ICT (Information Communication Technology), Mac Donaldization, Fragmented Information, email, localization, globalization

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of stress coping skills training based on therapeutic common factors

on marital adjustment and conflict resolution styles in infertile women

 

Somayeh Kazemian, dr Masoumeh Esmaeily and Fooladipoor Ezzatollah

 

Allameh Tabatabaee University, Iran.

Corresponding Author: azadi209@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Infertility is a complex issue that affects individuals and groups, also it has serious implications for the mental and social well-being of those involved. The aim of this review was to assess the effects of stress coping skills training based on therapeutic common factors on conflict resolution styles and marital adjustment in infertile women.The statistical community was exclusively comprised of infertile women who came to a Fertility Clinic in Mashhad. The studied sample embraces 20 figures, chosen in random assignment and put randomly into experimental and control groups—each have 10 members. In addition, to gather data, two types of questionnaires are distributed and applied; Revised dyadic adjustment scale (Aspanyr), conflict resolution styles questionnaire (Rahimi). the research methodology is carried in semi-experimental method and the examination of Analysis of covariance is used in data analyses as well. The findings show that the instructions done to overcome stress, lead to marital adjustment in the experimental group as infertile women.The results of this study clearly stated that appropriate coping mechanisms, especially in infertile women who are facing critical situations severely, can help them confront and solve their problems.

[Somayeh Somayeh Kazemian, dr Masoumeh Esmaeily and Fooladipoor Ezzatollah. Evaluation of the effectiveness of stress coping skills training based on therapeutic common factors on marital adjustment and conflict resolution styles in infertile women. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3225-3229]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 475

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.475

Key Words: The skill of coping stress, therapeutic common factors, Revised dyadic adjustment scale, conflict resolution styles, Infertile women

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Survey of green area`s effect on hemisphere and its biological effects

on metro polis of Tehran

 

AliReza Jalalzaie and Azadeh arbabi sabzevari

 

Department of Geography, Zahedan, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

Email: alijalalzaei@yahoo.com

 Dr.Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari

Faculty member of Geography Department Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch, arbabi@iiau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Tehran is considered as one of the most populated, political. economical, commercial and industrial areas of country and occurring any biological undulation will result in irrecoverable damages such as lack of water sources, wild floods, soil`s scuff, etc. this issue will lead to environmental problems. as a result, studying area`s hemisphere has an important role in facing such hemispheric problems and reducing damages and performing environmental schematization.There fore, major issues of city and its solutions should be characterized by correct biological and environmental researches. among environ me elements and controlling human`s life, green area and her baceou overlay are priotorized. Procedure of population increase in this metropolis is not same as growth of green areas, and it`s less than international area`s capitation (Makhdom, 1386. p.p 67) human beings cause change in important factors like surfaces, amount of vaporization, temperature, etc by changing earth`s overlay. Increasing of Tehran`s population has a direct effect on biological elements which had led to temperature increase, humidity decease and raining. Also, lack of green area and her baceou overlay in this metropolis, has empowered the situation. In this article, we are goring to study green area and its effects on hemisphere and environment of metropolis of Tehran.

 [AliReza Jalalzaie and Azadeh arbabi sabzevari. Survey of green area`s effect on hemisphere and its biological effects on metro polis of Tehran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3230-3234]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 476

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.476

Key words: green area΄s, element climatology, environment, Tehran

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Impact of Globalization on Labour Productivity in the Malaysian Construction Sector

 

Rahmah Ismail1*, Ferayuliani Yuliyusman2

 

1Faculty of economic and management, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia

2Faculty of economic and management, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia

rahis@ukm.my

 

Abstract: The sector has contributed significantly to the economic growth and employment in Malaysia. In the present era of globalization and liberalization, the growth of the construction sector should be more robust in line with the flexibility in the policies regarding the possession of properties in Malaysia and the increasing global demand. This article aims to analyze the impact of globalization on labor productivity in the construction sector using 1990-2009 panel data collected from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. The construction sector is divided into four sub-sectors, namely, residential building, non-residential building, installation of building and civil engineering. Indicators of globalization such as foreign direct investment (FDI), economic openness and foreign labor are used as part of the independent variable in the analysis. Estimation results show FDI and economic openness are statistically significant in influencing the labor productivity in the construction sector, but the ratio of foreign labor to total employment in the construction sector is not significant.

[Rahmah Ismail, Ferayuliani Yuliyusman. Impact of Globalization on Labour Productivity in the Malaysian Construction Sector. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3235-3242]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 477

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.477

 

Keywords: labor productivity, globalization, construction sector, foreign direct investment, economic openness.

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Teacher's Concept and its relation to Temperament and Coping Strategies among Mentally Retarded Children

 

Bothina E.Said(1),Sayeda A. Abd Ellatif(1), Hanaa H. Ali (1), and Eman S. Abd Allah (2)

 

(1) Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt

 (2) Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt

rb2102008@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the teachers' concept and its relation to temperament and coping strategies among mentally retarded children. A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. convenient sample consisted of 130 mentally retarded children, their parents and 31 teachers was selected; who were presented at the schools of El- Tarbia- El- Fekria in Hahia and Zagazig city. Tools for data collection were; Socio-demographic data sheet, the teachers' Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ), the teachers' concept of the mental retardation, and The Coping Ability in Children. The results reveald that Temperament increased with increasing coping abilities, Children coping score had positive significant correlations with children IQ, No statistically significant associations between teachers’ concept and coping and temperament. It was concluded that when IQ of those children was high, the coping abilities increased. The study recommended that the teachers should continuously observe and evaluate the children to recognize the temperament and coping abilities in the class. Building positive relationship and deal with children by love, sympathy, empathy and caring.

 [Bothina E.Said, Sayeda A. Abd Ellatif, Hanaa H. Ali and Eman S. Abd Allah. Teacher's Concept and its relation to Temperament and Coping Strategies among Mentally Retarded Children. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3243-3250]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 478

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.478

 

Key words:. Mental retardation, temperament, coping, teachers concept.

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Influences of Weight and Row Width of Tubers from True Potato Seed on Growth and Yield of Potato

 

Mannaf MA1, Masood A2, Siddique MA2, Jahiruddin M2, Faruq G3, M. Motior Rahman3

 

1Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Burirhat Farm, Rangpur-5400, Bangladesh

2Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

3Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

mmotiorrahman@gmail.com, mmotiorrahman@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: Quality tuber seed, higher seed price and improved production practices are the major constraints of potato production in Bangladesh. Varying weight of seedling tuber such as 1-5 g, 6-10 g, 11-20 g and 21-30 g were planted at 10-, 15-, 20-, 25- and 30-cm row width, respectively to investigate the effects of true potato seed (TPS) seedling tubers weight and row width on growth and yield of potato. Dry matter accumulation and tuber yield was significantly influenced by the weight of TPS seedling tubers and row width. The largest weight of TPS seedling tuber (21-30 g) planted at 30-cm row width produced the highest yield (>39 t ha-1) and it was identical with TPS seedling tuber weight of 1-5 g, 6-10 g and 11-20 g planted at 10-, 15 and 20-cm row width, respectively. Leaf dry matter, tuber dry matter and total dry matter had a strong positive correlation on tuber yield. The regression equation predicted that for every 1.0 g leaf dry matter (LDM) accumulation, 2363 g tuber was gained. The smallest weight (1-5 g) of TPS seedling tuber planted at 10- and 15-cm row width is suggested for cultivation practices to minimize production cost that could provide sustainable economic production of potato in Bangladesh.

[Mannaf MA, Masood A, Siddique MA, Jahiruddin M, Faruk G, Motior MR. Influences of Weight and Row Width of Tubers from True Potato Seed on Growth and Yield of Potato. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3251-3256]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 479

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.479

 

Keywords: Growth; True potato seed; Seedling tuber; Dry matter; Tuber yield

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Promotion of systematic analysis model recreation potentiality of forest park by using water resource factor (Abidar forest park of Sanandaj city in Iran)

 

Jahede Tekyehkhah1 (Corresponding author), Mohammad Azad Ahmadi2, Azadeh Maarefi3

 

1. Member of GIS research group and vice president of Jahad university of Kurdistan ACECR

Post Code: 66177-46557, no. 211, Youshij St., 1/17 area, Sanandaj, Iran

 2. Sama technical and vocational training college, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran

3. Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kurdistan, Iran

 

Abstract: The systematic analysis model (Makhdum, 1385) considers 6 elements of gradient, soil, direction, water, planet and climate to evaluate recreation potentiality of forest parks. In this survey in order to evaluation of recreation potentiality of Abidar forest park which is located in south western part of Sanandaj, with the surface of 1555 hectare, in addition to the fore mentioned elements according to the conditions of region, the water resources factor is also considered to promote systematic analysis model. Using systematic analysis model in geographic data system the map for recreation potentiality was provided. The results of this evaluation show that the under study region doesn’t have first class concentrated recreation potentiality. 29% of the area has second class concentrated recreation, 38% of the region has wide spread first class recreation potentiality and 33% is of wide spread second class recreation potentiality. In order to study the impacts of an effective factor by visitors of the region, 450 questionnaires were distributed among the tourists in the region. The results show that most of the visitors announced the availability to water resources as a reason to choose the recreation region. To promote the systematic analysis model and study the effect of water resources factor on different classes of recreation based on systematic model, the map of buffer was provided and with recreation potentiality map based on systematic model was incorporated and the final recreation potentiality map was obtained. The results of this evaluation showed that 6% of region area includes first class concentrated recreation potentiality, 28% of region area second class concentrated recreation potentiality, 35% first class widespread recreation potentiality and second class widespread recreation potentiality is covered 31% of the area. Comparing two recreation potentiality maps shows that in systematic analysis model, the region doesn't have first class concentrated recreation place, but if the water resources factor is scored, 6% of the region will earn first class concentrated recreation potentiality. The results of this survey show that water resources factor, herbal coverage, accessibility ways and physical factors (gradient and direction) have the most effect on evaluation process of recreation potentiality in the region as they are mentioned in order of effectiveness. While the effective parameters in recreation potentiality evaluation in systematic analysis model are gradient, soil, direction, water, plant, and climate.

[Jahede Tekyehkhah, Mohammad Azad Ahmadi, Azadeh Maarefi. Promotion of systematic analysis model recreation potentiality of forest park by using water resource factor (Abidar forest park of Sanandaj city in Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3257-3262]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 480

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.480

 

Keywords: recreation potentiality, systematic analysis model promotion, geographic information system, Abidar forest park.

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Presenting the causal model of psychological variable (Computer experience, Subjective norm, Computer anxiety and Computer self efficacy) on actual use of information technology on the basis of Davis’s model

 

Saeed Talebi, Hossien Zare, Mohammad Reza Sarmadi, Bahman Saeedipour

 

Department of Education & Psychology, Payame Noor University, I.R. Iran

 

Abstract: Accepting and proper using of technology is as important as the technology and having knowledge about the influential factors on information technology enables us to predict the amount of using technological tools. One of the causes of the low rate of using technology is the lack of adequate research in this field. Based on this factor, the present study investigate the effect of psychological variables (computer experience, computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy) on the actual use of information and communication technology (ICT). The population of this study consists of virtual university students in Iran. 561 students are chosen by Krejcie and Morgan formula. After collecting data by standard questionnaires, to assess the relationship between variables, path analysis used as the statistical procedure and this is done by AMOS software. Finally, the proposed model is fitted with the data and the results show that all the variables have a meaningful and direct effect on each other except the impact of computer anxiety on the actual use which is inverted (negative).

[Saeed Talebi, Hossien Zare, Mohammad Reza Sarmadi, Bahman Saeedipour. Presenting the causal model of psychological variable (Computer experience, Subjective norm, Computer anxiety and Computer self efficacy) on actual use of information technology on the basis of Davis’s model. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3263-3266] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 481

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.481

 

Keywords: technology; information; computer; software

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Educational Policies and their Implications for Achievement of Millennium Development Goals in Sierra Leone.

 

Johnson Adlyn Omojowo1 and Oladele O.Idowu2

 

1Department of Teacher Education, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

2Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa. adlynjohnson@yahoo.com, oladimeji.oladele@nwu.ac.za

 

Abstract: This article examines the impact of educational policies since independence in Sierra Leone and its implications for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The policy scene before the establishment of the Goals is summarized and the article shows that as a result of the lack of initiative from the international scene, this period, 1960-1990 is characterized by sterility as there was only one act promulgated on education. Since 1990, the educational landscape has been very active. These policies are reflective of the sense of the future that pervades the educational system. Recent statistics in the basic education sector brings out the achievement of the policies especially at the primary level and in girls’ education The paper concludes that the emphasis on planning in the educational sector will help lead to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by the year 2015.

[Johnson Adlyn Omojowo and Oladele O.Idowu. Educational Policies and their Implications for Achievement of Millennium Development Goals in Sierra Leone. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3267-3270]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 482

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.482

 

Keywords: Education, Millennium Development Goals, Sierra Leone, policies

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Analysis of Interaction between Home and School for Adolescent Girls: A Case of Eastern Sierra Leone

 

Johnson Adlyn Omojowo1 and Oladele O.Idowu2

 

1Department of Teacher Education, Njala University, Sierra Leone. adlynjohnson@yahoo.com, 2Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa. oladimeji.oladele@nwu.ac.za,

 

ABSTRACT:Interaction between the home and the school is essential in the school lives of participants. Adolescent girls are facing a lot of problems both academically and personal and need all the support they can get from both the home and school environment. Primary data was collected from 8% of the population of girls at the final level of Junior Secondary School in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone. The study reveals that both of these important channels: the home and the school are not living up to expectations. The parents are abandoning their roles as most of them do not attend the Community Teachers Association (CTA) meetings and do not even go to the schools to check on their girls’ progress. The schools personnel are also failing the girls as school counsellors are not present and where they are present they have not established their relevance to the girls. The study concludes by proffering suggestions that it is the schools that have to come up with strategies to get more parents to become involved in school activities.

[Johnson Adlyn Omojowo and Oladele O.Idowu. Analysis of Interaction between Home and School for Adolescent Girls: A Case of Eastern Sierra Leone. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3271-3274]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 483

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.483

 

Key words: home factors, school factors, girls’ education, Sierra Leone

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Use of Information Communication Technologies tools among Extension officers in the North- West Province, South Africa.

 

Mabe LK and Oladele O I

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North –West University Mafikeng Campus, South Africa. karabo.mabe@nwu.ac.za, oladimeji.oladele@nwu.ac.za

 

Abstract: A simple random sampling technique was used to select 169 extension officers to examine the use of information communication technologies among extension officers in North West Province, South Africa. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analysed using frequency counts, percentages and multiple regression analysis. The results show that majority of the extension officers were male (76%) with the mean age of 44.6 years, married (79%) and 82.5% were Christians. Forty one percent of the extension officer had Diploma as their educational qualification and a mean of 16.7 years as working experience. The result revealed that extension officers indicated that they used Information Communication Technology tools to source information for various agricultural activities. From a total of the 21 uses of ICT which were listed, 15 uses of information communication technologies by extension officers were to gain access to information on the marketing of produce (1.87), obtaining new information on new technologies (1.85), on new prices of farm produce (1.81), sourcing information on new breeds of animals (1.78), on the preservation of farm produce (1.73), on viewing how to practice new techniques in livestock production and on new processing methods of farm produce respectively (1.72), on presenting seminars to farmers (1.68), obtain information on crop protection (1.66), on obtain information about new variety of crops/seeds and improving efficiency of management respectively (1.65), on project the level of production/hectare (1.64), on obtaining information on feed composition (1.62), on identifying the time of planting of crops and obtaining crop protection techniques respectively (1.61). Significant determinants of use of information communication technologies were educational qualification (t = -2.29, p =.023); importance of ICT (t= -2.02, p =.046); constraints to ICT use (t= 8.59, p =.000) and the effect of ICT on information access (t= 4.56, p =.000). The study recommends that when extension officers realize the importance of the use of ICT in extension work, the more they can access and disseminate agricultural information.

[Mabe LK and Oladele O I. Use of Information Communication Technologies tools among Extension officers in the North- West Province, South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3275-3279]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 484

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.484

 

Key words: South Africa, extension officers, information communication technologies, tools, use.

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Left ventricular hypertrophy and plasma Nitric oxide in hemodialysis patients

 

Ragai,M.F.R.Fouda1, Yasser.M.Abdlehamid2 and Hamdy.A.Ahmed3

 

1Cairo university-Department of Internal Medicine-Medical ICU- Kasr EL Aini Hospitals.

2 Cairo university-Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology unit- Kasr EL Aini Hospitals.

3 Department of Biochemistry-National Research Centre-Egypt.

dyabdelhamid@kasralainy.edu.eg

 

Abstract: Background: Development of Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is reported in different clinical studies. The mechanisms responsible for LVH in these patients are complex and multi-factorial. Experimental studies have shown that Nitric oxide (NO) is a possible anti-hypertrophic molecule. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of LVH and its pattern in these patients and plasma NO in these patients. Methods: Twenty six HD patients participated in the study. Measurement of plasma NO, and trans-thoracic echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were done. LVH was diagnosed in men with LVMI>115g/m2 and women with LVMI>95g/m2. LVH was concentric when RWT>0.42 and eccentric when RWT<0.42. Results: Twenty one out of twenty six (80.8%) HD patients suffered of LVH with a mean LVMI of 191+/-78.14g/m2. 73% of them suffered of concentric LVH, while only 7.8% of them suffered of eccentric LVH and only one patient had normal left ventricle geometry. Mean plasma NO of HD patients was significantly less than mean plasma level of healthy control subjects (6.46±1.0 microgram/dl vs 11.18±1.22 microgram/dl) and LVMI showed a significant negative correlation to plasma NO. Conclusion: Nearly 80% of our studied HD patients suffer of LVH, most of them suffer of concentric LVH. Mean plasma NO was significantly lower in HD patients compared to healthy control subjects. Plasma NO level was significantly negatively correlated with LVMI. Possible role of NO in the development of LVH in HD patients requires further study.

[Ragai, M.F.R. Fouda, Yasser. M. Abdlehamid and Hamdy. A. Ahmed. Left ventricular hypertrophy and plasma Nitric oxide in hemodialysis patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3280-3284]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 485

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.485

 

Keywords: Left ventricle-hypertrophy-Nitric oxide-Hemodialysis.

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Spatial Assessment of Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Nigeria

 

Tolulope Olayemi Oyekale+ and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale++

 

+Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abuokuta, Ogun State olayemitolulope@yahoo.com

++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Poverty is not only an economic development challenge in Nigeria but an unacceptable violation of people’s fundamental rights. Several studies had proposed the desirability of multidimensional poverty measurement over the unidimensional approach in order to have a broader overview of the distribution of welfare. This study therefore assessed the spatial distribution of multidimensional poverty focusing on the Nigerian states. The data were the Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire (CWIQ) that were collected in 2006 using well-structured questionnaires from 59567 rural households. Descriptive statistics and fuzzy set decomposition approaches were used for data analysis. Results show that many of the states in the northern part of the country had the highest percentage of those with no education. Average multidimensional fuzzy poverty index was 0.3796. Also, housing/sanitation and economic condition/security are the main factor that contributed to poverty across the states. It was concluded that in order to implement socio-economic policies to reduced poverty diffusion, economic reforms should be directed towards education, improving housing/sanitation and economic/security conditions.

[Oyekale TO, Oyekale AS. Spatial Assessment of Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3285-3294] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 486

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.486

 

Keywords: multidimensional poverty; fuzzy set; decomposition; rural Nigeria

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Retail inventory management and accounting; a review of some basic principles of success

 

Ebrahim Sepehri

 

Department of Accounting, Payame Noor University, I.R. Iran

 

Abstract: The need for tracking and assessment of the retail materials and the challenges related to handling its features has become a leading force for the growth of retail inventory management systems. As a general rule, for tracking the company’s whole products, every retail business needs to implement retail inventory management system. This paper has a concise focus on the basics of retail inventory management. Then the author takes a look to advantages and methods of the inventory management. Also a brief review of retail inventory accounting and components will be provided and at the end the paper ends with the ways for success in the retail inventory management.

[Ebrahim Sepehri. Retail inventory management and accounting; a review of some basic principles of success. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3295-3297] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 487

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.487

 

Keywords: Retail, Inventory, Management, System

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Factors Affecting Educational Tourism Development among Local Communities in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

 

Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah 1, Maryam Ahmadian 1, Sarjit S. Gill 1, Roozbeh Babolian Hendijani 2

 

1. Department of Social and Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2. Department of Foodservice and Management, Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

asnarul_n9@yahoo.com, marydian50@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine factors influencing educational tourism development among local communities in Malaysia. The results denote that socio-cultural impact, economic impact, and local community attitudes towards educational tourism were significantly related to residents’ practice and communication with international students. In addition, residents’ attitude can affect local communities’ interaction with international students more than other variables. Since educational tourism plays an increasingly important role in the development of communities in Malaysia, the implications of this study provide new insights into future researches by highlighting this current challenge.

[Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah, Maryam Ahmadian, Sarjit S. Gill, Roozbeh Babolian Hendijani. Factors Affecting Educational Tourism Development among Local Communities in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3298-3303]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 488

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.488

 

Keywords: Educational Tourism; Socio-cultural Impact, Economic Impact, Environmental Impact; Attitudes; Practice

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The Effect of Chemotherapy on Quality Of Life of Colorectal Cancer Patients before and 21 Days after the First Chemotherapeutic Sessions

 

Omibrahem A. Elsaie, Hend M. Elazazy and Seham A. Abdelhaie

 

Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University

hend.elazazy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Colorectal cancer and its treatment may cause adverse effects to the social function, including work and productive life, relationship with the family, partners and friends, and other interests and social activities, the disease and treatment impact to patients' well-being and functional results is a topic of growing interest for the colorectal cancer researches. Although improvements in treatment regimens have beneficially impacted the prognosis of colorectal cancer, several quality of life issues result from potential side effects of such aggressive treatment. This study aimed to assess the effect of chemotherapy on quality of life for colorectal cancer patients before the beginning and 21 days after the first session of chemotherapy. The study was carried out in outpatient of the Cancer Institute. The sample consists of 80 patients diagnosed as colorectal cancer, postoperatively and undergoing chemotherapy. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of life Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire was used to assess patient’s quality of life. Data were collected over a period of seven months started from September 2009 to March 2010. The results revealed that all symptoms dimensions except fatigue, and functional dimensions related to physical, role, and cognitive functioning as well as overall functioning was significantly decreased post the chemotherapeutic session. Conclusion and recommendation explained that; for the improvement of quality of life, patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy should be included in program to help them find out adopt, and deal with function and symptoms complication of chemotherapy.

[Omibrahem A. Elsaie, Hend M. Elazazy and Seham A. Abdelhaie. The Effect of Chemotherapy on Quality Of Life of Colorectal Cancer Patients before and 21 Days after the First Chemotherapeutic Sessions. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3304-3314]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 489

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.489

 

Key words: Quality of Life; Chemotherapy; Colorectal Cancer.

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Application of Fuzzy MCDM Techniques in evaluation and Ranking of Bank Branches Based on customer satisfaction Case study: Bank Branches of Mellat in Qazvin Province

 

*1Ali Momeni, 2Mohammad M. Movahedi, 3Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani, 4Davood Gharakhani

 

*1Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

2Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Firozkouh branch, Islamic Azad University, Firozkouh, Iran

3Assistant Professor, Department of Management, South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

 

Abstract: Decision making is one of the most complex administrative processes in management. The purpose of this paper is to use the AHP and TOPSIS methods based on fuzzy sets for evaluation and Ranking of Bank Branches Based on customer satisfaction. From our research results, the “Done right and without interruption of service” and “Inform customers” are the most important factors for customers’ satisfaction of Mellat Bank, also “Khayyam” and “Azadi” are the most successful Branches. This article is a very useful source of information both for bank managers and stakeholders in making decisions about Improve customer satisfaction. Other banks with other multi-attribute decision making techniques such as ELECTRE, PROMETHEE and ORESTE under fuzzy conditions can be done for further research.

[Ali Momeni, Mohammad M. Movahedi, Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani, Davood Gharakhani. Application of Fuzzy MCDM Techniques in evaluation and Ranking of Bank Branches Based on customer satisfaction Case study: Bank Branches of Mellat in Qazvin Province. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3315-3321]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 490

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.490

 

Keywords: AHP, TOPSIS, Fuzzy, MCDM, customer satisfaction, Mellat Bank

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Relationship between Information & Communication Technology and Quality of Work-Life; A Study of Faculty Members of Zahedan University

 

Dr. Arbabisarjou, Azizollah, PhD, Assistant Professor,

Faculty Member, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Azizoullah_arbabi@yahoo.com

 Dr. Allameh, Seyyed Mohsen, PhD, Assistant Professor,

School of Official Affairs and Economics, Department of Management,

University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. dr_allame@yahoo.com

 Dr. Farhang, Aboulghassim, PhD. (Corresponding Author), Assistant Professor,

School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Sistan and Balouchestan, Zahedan, Iran. aboulghasemfarhang@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now common place in the university environment.ICT is an indispensable part of the contemporary world. The field of education has certainly been affected by the penetrating influence of ICT worldwide and in particular developed countries; ICT has made an impact on the quality and quantity of teaching, learning, and research in the traditional and/or distance education institutions using it. ICT enhances teaching and learning through its dynamic, interactive, flexible, and engaging content. It provides real opportunities for individualized instruction. Furthermore, ICT has the potential to accelerate, enrich, and deepen skills; to motivate and engage students in learning; to help relate school experiences to work practices; to help create economic viability for tomorrow’s workers; contributes to radical changes in school; to strengthen teaching, and to provide opportunities for connection between the school and the world. But little research has addressed the impacts of ICT on the Quality of Work-Life (QWL) particularly on the work-life experiences in the university. Some researchers confirmed that ICT have negative impacts on QWL: Work becomes more intense, workers are displaced, surveillance increases, workers bargaining power declines, and workers skills become devalued. This paper will report on these issues from an initial analysis of baseline data gathered from a survey of faculty members in Zahedan universities. Findings showed that there is not a significant relationship between ICT using and QWL of faculty members.

[Azizollah Arbabisarjou, Sayyed Mohsen Allameh, Aboughassim Farhang. Relationship between Information & Communication Technology and Quality of Work-Life; A Study of Faculty Members of Zahedan University. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3322-3331] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 491

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.491

 

Key words: Information & communication Technology (ICT), Quality of work-Life (QWL), Faculty members

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cPrevalence of (25) Vitamin - D Deficiency among Premenopausal Women Working In Fayoum University

 

Mohamed Mashahit1, Haidy Michel 1*, Emad El Moatasem 2 Mohamed El Basel2 and Nagwa k. Roshdy3

 

1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University

2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Cairo University 3Department of Medical Bio-chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University

mashahit@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Vitamin - D deficiency is a worldwide problem and the prevalence of deficiency reaches more than 50% of the population in most of the studies and causes of deficiency are either inadequate intake of food containing vitamin - D or inadequate exposure to sun light which plays an important role of biosynthesis of vitamin- D from the skin, vitamin -D deficiency is linked to many diseases like cancer, diabetes, bone disorders, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and many other disorders and correction of 25 -vitamin - D deficiency which is very simple and available and not expensive improves those disorders significantly. This work aimed to screening for vitamin 25- D deficiency among premenopausal women working in Fayoum University. Subjects and methods: two hundred healthy premenopausal non pregnant non lactating females aged 40-50 years old working at Fayoum University, subjected to thorough medical history and clinical examination, stressing on color of the skin BMI and style of clothing and all patients are screened for 25- vitamin D using ELISA. Results: Our results showed that 45 females of 200 were sufficient (22.5%), 91 females were insufficient (45.5%), 64 females were deficient (32%). Vitamin D deficient females subdivided into deficient (82.8%) and severely deficient (17.2%). there was significant difference between the mean of vitamin -D in the different BMI, in normal body weight subjects the mean of vitamin D level was 77.9 ± 21.7 in overweight was 51.4 ± 15.5 in obese (40 ± 22.4) and the difference is highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean vitamin -D level for western wearing clothes was 66.8 ± 16.4, for ladies wearing Higab was 62 ± 23.2), and for ladies wearing Niqab 28.3 ± 16.3 and the difference is highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean of vitamin D level in dark skinned subjects was 57.2 ± 21.2 while in white skinned subjects was 96.2 ± 33.8 and the difference is highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: More than 75 % of the premenopausal women working in Fayoum University had either vitamin –D deficiency or insufficiency. obesity, darker skin and insufficient sun exposure are the main factors leading to or associated with 25 – vitamin - D deficiency

[Mohamed Mashahit, Haidy Michel, Emad El Moatasem Mohamed El Basel and Nagwa k. Roshdy. Prevalence of (25) Vitamin - D Deficiency among Premenopausal Women Working In Fayoum University. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3332-3337]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 492

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.492

 

Key words: Vitamin- D – Deficiency - Skin color - BMI - Diet - Sun exposure

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Nutrient Intakes Affecting the Nutritional Status of preschool Children by Nationality Compared with RDA in Jeddah KSA

 

Thanaa. A. El-kholy*; Naglaa, H. M. Hassanen, Rasha. M Hassan and Sahar Anter

 

Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. *telkholy@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Background: Dietary pattern established in early childhood significantly influence the probability of having less tendency towards junk food which certainly result in malnutrition whether under/overweight or obesity. Nutrient intakes were compared with Recommended Dietary Allowances RDA (1989) and percent RDAs were computed. Objective: The main objective of the current study to report nutrient intake among preschool- aged children in some kindergartens in kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in Jeddah and compare as percent of RDA. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on preschool children male (n= 66), female (n=55). Anthropometric data were taken using standard methods, from 121 children Saudi (77.7%) and the remaining was non-Saudi (22.3%). Aged 24 - 72 months with the aid of a questionnaire from Kindergarten children's and preschool child mothers by direct contact or by telephone. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the influence of various parameters. Seven 24-hour dietary recalls assessed nutrient intakes, which were compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowances of National Academy of Science's. Results: The mean ages in months of the studied preschool children were 52.2 ± 11.20 months. Diet quality has been shown to be better among children that do meet current recommendations. The average intake of energy was lower than RDA by 35% for preschool children. Energy from carbohydrates was below the recommended values (53.5% of energy was observed vs. 55 % of energy is recommended). Low intake of calcium (85.6%), iron (72.45%) and potassium (57.45%) as percent of the RDA among children of all age groups observed in this study. Mean intake of vitamins; thiamin, niacin and vitamin D (0.48 ± 0.196, 4.99 ± 2.6503 and 3.92 ± 2.33) for Saudi and, (0.38 ± 0.16, 3.768 ± 2.11 and 2.88 ± 2.41) for non Saudi children respectively. It found that the difference between the two groups was significant at p <0.05. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical package version 10. Conclusion: These results indicated to the need for improvement in dietary habits among Jeddah children in order to produce a healthful diet and to prevent diet-related diseases in our future adult population. Community and/or school based nutrition education programs are needed to increase children and parents’ awareness of the health risks arising from food intakes deviating importantly from the recommendations. It should be further investigated in more detail how this preschool age group dietary pattern, influences their nutrient intakes in order to check whether the current recommended dietary allowances represent the most optimal dietary intake for this group of preschool-aged children. At last, research should assess the health risks associated with these unhealthy eating habits of young children, deviating importantly from the age specific recommendations.

[Thanaa. A. El-kholy; Naglaa, H. M. Hassanen, Rasha. M Hassan and Sahar Anter. Nutrient Intakes Affecting the Nutritional Status of preschool Children by Nationality Compared with RDA in Jeddah KSA. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3338-3346]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 493

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.493

 

Key words: Nutritional status - Nutrient intakes - Children - Macronutrients, Vitamins – Minerals - The Recommended Dietary Allowances.

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Survey role of knowledge sharing (KS) on Intellectual capital management of emoloyees

 

Majid Amouzad Khalili 1, Seyyed Mohsen Abbarin2

 

1. Master of public administration, Payam noor university, Iran

2. Master of Economics, Payamnoor University, Iran

Email: Ayandehsaz.40@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Knowledge sharing is of vital importance to organizations, enabling them to develop skills and competences, increase value, and sustain their competitive advantage. Knowledge is a firm’s most valuable resource because it embodies intangible assets, routines, and creative processes that are difficult to imitate. Thus in this study we have investigated the role of Knowledge sharing as facilitator Intellectual capital management of employees in the organizations. This study mainly probes Knowledge sharing as a tool which is able to manage, store, and transmit structural knowledge. It can support us in our efforts to make the knowledge stored in the human brain or in documents available to all employees of an organization. Also we present Intellectual capital management for convenient knowledge sharing as a successful case studies in management.

[Majid Amouzad Khalili, Seyyed Mohsen Abbarin. Survey role of knowledge sharing (KS) on Intellectual capital management of emoloyees. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3347-3353] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 494

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.494

 

Keywords: knowledge sharing (KS); knowledge management(KM); Intellectual capital (IC)

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Renal Colic Pain Relief by Intranasal Desmopressin

 

Seyed seifollah Moosavi beladi1, Ali Asgari Darian2, Arash Forouzan2, Hossein Kalantar3, Kambiz Masoumi2

 

1Nephrologist, Department of Internal Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Khoozestan, Iran.

2Emergency Medicine Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine,Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Khoozestan, Iran.

3General Physician, Imam Khomeini General Hospital,Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Khoozestan, Iran.

Kami_masoumi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:.The relief of acute pain is key in the modern practice of emergency medicine. Pain is the most common complaint of emergency department patients, seen in one half to three quarters of all patients. According to some last studies desmopressin acts quickly, has no apparent adverse effects, reduces the need for supplemental analgesic medications, and may be the only immediate therapy necessary for some patients25. Therefore in the present study, we have conducted to assess the efficacy of intranasal desmopressin in patients with acute renal colic.In this inventional study, patients 18-55 years old with probably acute renal colic based on history, physical exam and past medical history came to emergency department of Imam khomeini Hospital of Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences were evaluated randomly. we evaluated recorded information in SPSS software and analyzed them by “Paired t test”) p-value<0.05).Seventy patients were evaluated in this study including 12 female (17.1%) and 58 male (82.8%) with mean age 33.710.1. Comparison of pain score in zero and 30 min (efficacy of desmopressin alone) with “paired t test” showed significant results (p-value <0.00001).It has been suggested that an antidiuretic hormone 24 (ADH)-induced decrease in diuresis could contribute to the rapid relief of pain in renal colic.

[Moosavi beladi. SS, Asgari Darian. A, Forouzan. A, Kalantar. H, Masoumi. K. Renal Colic Pain Relief by Intranasal Desmopressin. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3354-3358]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 495

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.495

 

Keywords: Desmopressin,Acute renal colic

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The Effect of Oral Zinc Sulfate on Hepatitis B Vaccine immunogenicity in Premature Infants

 

Hemmati Mitra1, Ahmadipour Shokoufeh1, Babaei Homa1, Mohsenzadeh Azam2

 

1-Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

2--Department of Pediatrics, Madani Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

(Corresponding Author: Ahmadipour Shokoufeh, Email:shokofe57@yahoo.com)

 

Abstract: The immune system in premature neonates is weaker compared to mature ones. Zinc is a micro-nutritive, which plays an important role in the immune system.It can function as an adjuvant to improve the effectiveness of some vaccines. Neonate receive zinc in the third trimester of pregnancy, so the preterm neonate cannot receive it adequately and they have less storage for zinc. This study was conducted on 106 premature neonates. They were divided randomly into two groups of zinc taking and control group (n=53,each group). The first group received 3mg zinc sulfate for 6 months. Hepatitis B vaccination was performed for both groups. One month after the last vaccination for hepatitis B, the antibody titer for both groups was examined. In the zinc taking group, the response level(Antibody titer > 0.1µu/ml) to hepatitis B vaccine was 100% with the mean antibody of 236±443.5 µu/ml, but in control group the response level was 86.8% with the mean antibody of 170±205 µu/ml. There was a significant difference between the response level of intervention and control group (P=0.006); but there was not any significant difference in the average of antibody titer (P=0.328). Zinc can be used in premature infants to increase their response to hepatitis B vaccination. The Effect of Oral Zinc Sulfate on Hepatitis B Vaccine immunogenicity in Premature Infants Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3359-3361] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 496

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.496

 

Keywords: Premature, Zinc Sulfate, Hepatitis B, Antibody

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Causes the formation and nature of political movements in Bahrain

 

Yahya Fozi

 

Associate Professor of Political Science Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

 

Abstract: Bahrain Political movement is one of the main movements in the Middle East that has begun following recent popular uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt and some other countries in the Middle East and is calling political and social reforms in the country. In this paper we try beside searching dimensions of this political movement, answer to this question that what are formation causes and nature of this political movement?

[Yahya Fozi. Causes the formation and nature of political movements in Bahrain. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3362-3365]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 497

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.497

 

Keywords: Political movement, Bahrain Political movement, Middle East

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The Effect of Oral Zinc Sulfate on Hepatitis B Vaccine immunogenicity in Premature Infants

 

Hemmati Mitra1, Ahmadipour Shokoufeh1, Babaei Homa1, Mohsenzadeh Azam2

 

1-Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

2--Department of Pediatrics, Madani Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

(Corresponding Author: Ahmadipour Shokoufeh, Email:shokofe57@yahoo.com)

 

 Abstract: The immune system in premature neonates is weaker compared to mature ones. Zinc is a micro-nutritive, which plays an important role in the immune system.It can function as an adjuvant to improve the effectiveness of some vaccines. Neonate receive zinc in the third trimester of pregnancy, so the preterm neonate cannot receive it adequately and they have less storage for zinc. This study was conducted on 106 premature neonates. They were divided randomly into two groups of zinc taking and control group (n=53,each group). The first group received 3mg zinc sulfate for 6 months. Hepatitis B vaccination was performed for both groups. One month after the last vaccination for hepatitis B, the antibody titer for both groups was examined. In the zinc taking group, the response level(Antibody titer > 0.1µu/ml) to hepatitis B vaccine was 100% with the mean antibody of 236±443.5 µu/ml, but in control group the response level was 86.8% with the mean antibody of 170±205 µu/ml. There was a significant difference between the response level of intervention and control group (P=0.006); but there was not any significant difference in the average of antibody titer (P=0.328). Zinc can be used in premature infants to increase their response to hepatitis B vaccination.

[Hemmati Mitra, Ahmadipour Shokoufeh, Babaei Homa,,Mohsenzadeh Azam. The Effect of Oral Zinc Sulfate on Hepatitis B Vaccine immunogenicity in Premature Infants. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3366-3368]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 498

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.498

 

Keywords: Premature, Zinc Sulfate, Hepatitis B, Antibody

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Experimental Research of Flash Visual Evoked Potential of Chinese White Rabbit after Optic Nerve Injury

 

Wencui Wan1, Yu Zhu1, Xuemin Jin1, Tao Peng2

 

1 Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

2 Department of Neurology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

zhuyu6@yahoo.com.cn

 

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the changes of the Flash visual evoked potential (F- VEP) in China rabbit after the optic nerve injury. Methods: Changes of F-VEP in normal China rabbits and those after optic nerve injury were detected using TEC automatic visual electric physiological system. Results: Compared with that of the normal rabbits, the latency of F-VEP in optic nerve incomplete injury rats increased significantly, but the amplitude of F-VEP decreased significantly. "Silent pattern" wave form of F-VEP was found in optic nerve transected China rabbits. Conclusion: The model of China rabbits with optic nerve injury can be used for the investigation of the neuroprotective effect of optic nerves. Detection of the changes of F-VEP is an objective, reliable, and effective method for the examination of optic nerve functions.

[Wencui Wan, Yu Zhu,Xuemin Jin, Tao Peng. Experimental Research of Flash Visual Evoked Potential of Chinese White Rabbit after Optic Nerve Injury. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3369-3371]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 499

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.499

 

KeywordsChina rabbits; Flash visual evoked potential

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The Protective Effect of Propolis on Norepinephrine, Dopamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Content in Thalamus-Hypothalamus and Cerebellum of Endotoxin-Intoxicated Adult Male Albino Rats

 

1Mahmoud, S. M. and 2El-Yamany, N. A.

 

1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

2Department of Zoology & Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.

sahar_nyas@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of endotoxin (ET) on monoamines content in the thalamus-hypothalamus and the cerebellum of adult male albino rats and whether propolis (prop) can protect the brain during neuro-inflammation induced by ET. Seventy eight rats weighing 100-150g were divided into four groups. The first served as control group (6 rats) and were received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of saline solution (0.9% NaCl) for 15 consecutive days. The second group (24 rats); were received an i.p injection of 0.9% NaCl for 15 consecutive days, then received i.p injection of ET (1mg/kg/day) at the 16th day of experiment for 4 repeated days. The third group (24 rats); were received an i.p injection of prop (150mg/kg/day) for 19 consecutive days. The fourth group (24 rats); were administered prop by the same route as mentioned in the third group; then, the rats were received ET as described in the second group. Animals of all groups were decapitated 2 hours post-treatment at 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th days of experiment. ET treated-rats group showed a sharp decrease in norepinehrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) content in both thalamus-hypothalamus and cerebellum at all treatment days versus the control group, while administration of prop followed by ET injection was found to enhance monoamine levels significantly in both selected brain regions if compared to ET-treated group. The present results indicate the harmful neurotoxic effect of ET on the brain, while prop was found to inhibit the sharp decline in NE, DA and 5-HT in both investigated regions. This may reflect the protective property of prop as an anti-inflammatory natural product.

[Mahmoud, S. M. and El-Yamany, N. A. The Protective Effect of Propolis on Norepinephrine, Dopamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Content in Thalamus-Hypothalamus and Cerebellum of Endotoxin-Intoxicated Adult Male Albino Rats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3372-3379]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 500

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.500

 

Keywords: Endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, propolis, monoamines, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, rats.

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Haemolymph amino acids alterations in pyridalyl treated desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria in relation to age

 

Zahia, K. Mostafa1, Eman, M. Rashad2 and Salam, S. Teleb2

 

1Deparment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.

salamteleb@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Studies were undertaken to investigate haemolymph amino acids alterations by amino acid analyzer in the 5th nymphal instar and adult Schistocerca gregaria in preoviposition and oviposition periods before and after pyridalyl treatment. The concentrations of these amino acids in both control and treated haemolymph samples of the 5th nymphal instars showed a wide range of variations. The pattern of amino acids showed an obvious increase in the haemolymph of the nymph after treatment with pyridalyl. Methionine and tryptophan were completely lost in untreated and treated nymphs. The pattern of some amino acids in 1-day old adult exhibited obvious increase in the haemolymph after treatment with pyridalyl, while proline, threonine, glycine and arginine showed a decrease in their concentrations after treatment. On the other hand, most of the amino acids exhibited an obvious decrease in the haemolymph of the 10 days old adult females after treatment with pyridalyl. Also, the amino acids in the haemolymph of the 18 days old adult females exhibited an obvious decrease after treatment with pyridalyl except threonine, serine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and alanine.

[Zahia, K. Mostafa, Eman, M. Rashad and Salam, S. Teleb. Haemolymph amino acids alterations in pyridalyl treated desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria in relation to age. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3380-3385]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 501

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.501

 

Keywords: Schistocerca gregaria, haemolymph, amino acids, pyridalyl.

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Study of ERYTHROPOEITIN Effect ON IgM serum levels IN HCV positive patients on regular HD

 

Khaled Abo Seif (1), Mona Hosny (1) and Ahmed Aboud(2)

 

(1)Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University; (2)Shubra Municipal hospital.

 

Abstract: Background: Both uremia and HD process cause immunosuppression in HD patients. There was significant increase of total serum IgG and IgM levels found in patients with chronic HCV compared with healthy controls. There is evidence pointing to direct effect of rHuEPO upon B cells. High doses of rHu EPO enhanced in vitro Ig production and proliferation of various plasma cell lines, as well as human plasma cells generated in vitro. Patients and methods: Study was conducted at hemodialysis Unit of Shubra Municipal hospital between August 2010 to February 2011. 30 HCV positive patients on regular hemodialysis were included in study, using bicarbonate dialysate and polysulfone membrane dialyser, for 4 hours 3 times weekly. Patients were divided into 2 groups: first group: 15 patients on EPO therapy. 4000 IU/week and second group not taking EPO,for all patients full clinical examination was done, CBC, BUN, serum creatinine, ALT, AST, serum albumin and serum IgM by ELISA (quantitative assay), were done. Results: There was no significant difference between 2 groups as regards age, sex distribution, WBC count, ALT, AST, serum creatinine, BUN and IgM serum level. First group had borderline significant higher Hgb and Hct than second group (p = 0.056). Females didn't have higher serum IgM level than males (p = 0.403). All correlations of IgM serum level to other parameters of study were irrelevant. Conclusion: Uremia seems to protect ESRD patients on regular HD from complications of HCV and also EPO effect on Ig serum levels.

[Khaled Abo Seif, Mona Hosny and Ahmed Aboud. Study of ERYTHROPOEITIN Effect ON IgM serum levels IN HCV positive patients on regular HD. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3386-3393]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 502

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.502

 

Keywords: Erythropoeitin – IgM- HCV- Hemodialysis

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A Novel Approach for Spherical Spline Split Quaternion Interpolation on Lorentzian Sphere using Bezier Curve Algorithm

 

 Raheleh Ghadami 1, Javad Rahebi 2, Yusuf Yayli3

 

1,3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Ankara, Tandoğan, Ankara- Turkey

2Department of Electrical & Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gazi, Ankara-Turkey

(Raheleh Ghadami) rahelehghadami@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents the spline split quaternion interpolation on Lorentzian spheres. The split quaternions don’t have group structure on the Lorentzian sphere, there for not defined squad (spline split quaternion interpolation in Minkowski space). In this paper, we propose a new method for smoothly interpolation on Lorentzian sphere using orthogonal projection and cubic Bezier curve.

[Ghadami R, Rahebi J, Yayli Y. A Novel Approach for Spherical Spline Split Quaternion Interpolation on Lorentzian Sphere using Bezier Curve Algorithm. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3394-3397] (ISSN:1097-8135).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 503

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.503

 

Keywords: Quaternion, Split Quaternion, Interpolation, Lorentz-Minkowsi Space, Timelike vector, slerp, spline, Bezier curve.

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Impact of Quality of Work Life on Mental Health among Teaching Professionals in Indian Higher Learning Institutions: An Empirical Analysis

 

K.G. Senthilkumar, ** Dr. S. Chandrakumaramangalam, **Dr. L. Manivannan

 

* Associate Professor, Department of MBA, CMS College of Engineering, Namakkal – 637 003.

Tamilnadu, India. Mobile:+91 9842615185 Mail:kgsenthil.mba@gmail.com

** Associate Professor, School of Management studies, Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Mobile:+91 9865616158 Mail: ckmaucbe@gmail.com

*** Associate Professor, Department of Corporate Secretaryship, Erode Arts College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India. Mobile:+91 9442836685 Mail: lm_erode@yahoo.co.in

 

Abstract: The rationale behind this study is to determine the level and relationship between Quality of Work Life (QWL) and Mental Health among teaching professionals in higher learning institutions of Tamilnadu, India. A survey instrument was used to measure the perception of teaching professionals concerning their level of QWL and its relationship to mental health. A total of 320 sets of questionnaire were distributed to teaching professionals in selected faculties and 164 useable questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. Based upon the study, the levels of QWL were found to be favorable and Mental Health among staff members was moderate. Practical implications, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are offered.

[K.G. Senthilkumar, S. Chandrakumaramangalam, L. Manivannan. Impact of Quality of Work Life on Mental Health among Teaching Professionals in Indian Higher Learning Institutions: An Empirical Analysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3398-3404]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 504

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.504

 

Key words: Quality of Work Life, Mental Health, Higher learning Institutions, and Teaching Professionals

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The Effect of Great Middle East plan on foreign politics of I.R. of Iran

 

Dr. Majid Masomi, Asghar Yazdi

 

Faculity of political science. Baft Branch Islamic Azad, University. Baft. Iran

 

Abstract: Middle East has always been for various reasons one of the major regions of the world prone to crisis and for this reason has been attended of great powers in the history of the world. Thus, any change in the political conditions of the region has been able to influence the whole world. One of the issues that policymakers of the world have been attended in recent years is Great Middle East plan by the United States of America. The study also seeks to analyze the causes of formation performing and how to effectively the Middle East plan on the countries in the region and analyzed the effects on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. So the main question of this study is that Is the Middle East plan will affect the strategy of the Islamic Republic's foreign policy? In order to answer this question, the main hypothesis is that the Great Middle East Seems to be a great opportunities for Iran's foreign policy. In general, the Great Middle East plan is based on several major assumptions first; it seeks to destroy the source and origin of extremism and terrorism in the Near East, the Middle East and North Africa which Threat the West National Interest and international security. Second, the threat of the loss of freedom and democracy, low levels of knowledge, lack of scientific development, the unrighteous status of women and the dire situation of human rights. Thus eliminating these menaces and the priorities of Regional development policies should be focused on policy development by encouraging and guiding the country towards democracy liberal regimes and development of scientific and educational centers, economic liberalization and privatization. And altogether the policies will be big challenges for all countries in the region.

[Majid Masomi, Asghar Yazdi. The Effect of Great Middle East plan on foreign politics of I.R. of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3405-3409]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 505

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.505

 

Key words: the Great Middle East, Foreign Policy, Middle East solidarity.

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Distributed Fault Detection Method and Diagnosis of Fault Type in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

 

Shahram Babaie 1*, Ahmad Khadem-zadeh 2 and Kambiz Badie 3

 

1 Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2, 3 Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC), Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: Due to the resource restrictions in sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks and because of their deployment in harsh and inaccessible environments, sensor nodes may be prone to failure. Thus, fault management is essential in these networks. Otherwise, faulty nodes will be used as intermediate nodes and will cause disturbance in the routing process and expected operations. In most fault detection algorithms, each sensor compares its information with the information of its neighbors. The status of sensors is determined using the results of this comparison. Many comparison-based methods will not work correctly if more than half of the neighbors are faulty and cannot detect common mode failures. In this paper, we have proposed a new fault detection method to solve the above-mentioned problems. In the proposed method four cases happen where each case is discussed and a query message was used to reduce the incorrect decisions. The results of simulations show that the detection accuracy and false alarm rate in the proposed method even when the probability of faulty nodes is high, is acceptable in comparison with existing algorithms.

[Shahram Babaie, Ahmad Khadem-zadeh and Kambiz Badie. Distributed Fault Detection Method and Diagnosis of Fault Type in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3410-3422]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 506

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.506

 

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Detection Accuracy; False Alarm Rate; Fault Detection.

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Efficiency of Pedigree Selection in Bread Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions.

I. Morphological traits

 

Abd-El-Haleem, S.H.M1., Ehab, M.R. Metwali 2&3 and S.M.S. Mohamed4

 

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.

2Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

3 Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.

4Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.

ehab_25@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Pedigree selection was practiced on two bread wheat populations, namely Debeira x Sahel 1 and Sids 6 x Sahel 1as a first and second population, respectively under drought stress conditions (at 12 % soil moisture content) in order to improve some morphological traits (plant height, spike length, no. of spikelets /spike and days to maturity). The obtained results revealed that all F3 families in both populations were significantly affected by soil moisture content. Also, significant differences were found among families in F4 and F5 generations for both populations, except no. of spikelets / spike in F4 generation for first population. The results showed that broad sense heritability (B.S.H) estimates were moderately in F3 generation for both populations. Meanwhile, B.S.H estimates ranged from low to moderate /high for both F4 and F5 generations in two populations. Small differences were found between phenotypic and genotypic variability estimates (P.C.V.) and (G.C.V.) for all the three generations in both populations. Estimates of realized gains showed that a notable decrease was found after two cycles of pedigree selection in days to maturity by (-4.86, -9.52 and -6.18 %) and (-11.40, -11.40 and -7.89%) from the best parent, bulk sample and check variety in first and second population, respectively. Moreover, a notable increase was found after two cycles in plant height by (1.85, 8.23 and 6.60%) from the best parent, bulk sample and check variety in second population only. The families no. 29 and 30 gave superiority for spike length, spikelets no. /spike and days to maturity in population I. Concerning population II, families no. 22 and 25 gave superiority for plant height, spike length and days to maturity, while family no. 41 gave superiority for plant height, no. of spikelets / spike and days to maturity. Also, family no. 45 realized enhancement for spike length, no. of spikelets / spike and days to maturity. These families could be considered the best selected families produced from pedigree selection method for studied morphological traits.

[Abd-El-Haleem, S.H.M. Ehab M.R. Metwali and S.M.S. Mohamed. Efficiency of Pedigree Selection in Bread Wheat under Drought Stress conditions. I. Morphological traits. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3423-3429]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 507

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.507

 

Keywords: Bread wheat, pedigree selection, morphological traits, genetic variance, drought stress conditions.

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Efficiency of Pedigree Selection in Bread Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions

II – Yield and its component traits

 

1Abd-El-Haleem, S.H.M.; 2 S.M.S. Mohamed and 3&4 Ehab M.R. Metwali

 

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.

2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.

3Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

4 Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.

Saeidheragy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Pedigree selection was practiced on two bread wheat populations, namely i.e. (Debeira x Sahel 1) as considered population I and (Sids 6 x Sahel 1) as considered population II. Experiments were conducted under drought stress conditions (at 12 % soil moisture content) in order to improve some yield and its component traits (no. of spikes / plant, biological yield, grain yield / plant and 1000-grain weight). Variance analysis revealed that all F3 families in both populations were highly significantly affected by soil moisture content. Also, significant or highly significant differences were found among families in both F4 and F5 generations for two populations, except no. of spikes/plant in F4 generation in both populations, also biological yield/plant and grain yield/plant in F5 generation in population I, and also no. of spikes/plant in F5 generation in population II. Results showed that broad sense heritability estimates were low to moderately in F3 generation for both populations. Also, estimates of B.S.H ranged from low to moderate /high for both F4 and F5 generations in two populations. Moderately differences were found between phenotypic and genotypic variability estimates (p.c.v.) and (g.c.v.) for all the three generations in both populations. Realized response to selection was found after two cycles of pedigree selection for 1000-grain weight in first population and grain yield/plant in the second population. In the first population after two cycles of the pedigree selection resulted one superiority family no. 16 which exceeded the best parent,bulk sample and check variety by (18.12, 0.46 and 16.22 %), (9.10, 3.26 and 28.19 %), (10.47, 29.97 and 2.70 %) and (11.88, 7.91 and 15.40 %), for no. of spikes / plant, biological yield, grain yield / plant and 1000-grain weight, respectively. In this regard, in the second population, the results revealed three families i.e. 21, 26 and 41 were attained the superiority for the studied traits. Concerning family no. 21 was exceeded by (30.51, 23.25 and 14.89%), (62.13, 24.19 and 51.45 %), (14.43, 51.51 and 70.48 %) and (2.12, 15.31 and 23.29%) for no. of spikes / plant, biological yield, grain yield / plant and 1000-grain weight, respectively. Regarding, families no. 26 and 41 were exceeded by (37.34, 5.20 and 28.29 %) and (48.98, 14.40 and 39.16%), (38.72, 83.68 and 106.67 %) and (11.60, 47.76 and 66.26 %) and (12.46, 26.98 and 35.77 %) and (0.25, 13.20 and 21.03%) for biological yield, grain yield / plant and 1000-grain weight, respectively.

[Abd-El-Haleem, S.H.M.; S.M.S. Mohamed and Ehab M.R. Metwali. Efficiency of Pedigree Selection in Bread Wheat under Drought Stress ConditionsII – Yield and its component traits. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3430-3437]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 508

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.508

 

Keywords: Bread wheat, pedigree selection, yield and its component traits, genetic variance, drought stress conditions.

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Barriers to Green Supply Chain Management in the Petrochemical Sector

 

1Javad Mehrabi, 2Davood Gharakhani, 3Sajjad Jalalifar, 4Hossein Rahmati

 

1Assistant Professor, Department of Public Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

mehrabijavad@yahoo.com

2Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

3Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

E-mail: SajjadJalalifar@yahoo.com

4Ph.D. Student of Industrial management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: saeed.rahmati@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Green supply chain management has emerged as an important organizational performance to reduce environmental risks. This study is used the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method to find influential Barriers in implementation of GSCM. The results of this paper indicate that the Lack of understanding among supply chain stakeholders is the most important Barrier in implementation of Green Supply Chain Management.Also less important Barrier in implementation of Green Supply Chain Management is Competition and Uncertainty. The managerial implications and conclusions are discussed.

[Javad Mehrabi, Davood Gharakhani, Sajjad Jalalifar, Hossein Rahmati. Barriers to Green Supply Chain Management in the Petrochemical Sector. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3438-3442]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 509

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.509

 

Keywords: Green Supply Chain Management, Petrochemical Sector, Sustainable Development, Analytic Network Process

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Calculation of generation system reliability index: Expected Energy Not Served

 

Mojtaba Shirvani, Ahmad Memaripour, Mostafa Abdollahi, Asadollah Salimi

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Boroujen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujen, Iran

mo_shirvani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Generation system reliability is an important factor in the long term planning for future system capacity expansion to make sure that the total installed capacity is sufficient to support demand. The planning process utilizes reliability indices as criteria to decide on new investments in new generation capacities. Generation system reliability is evaluated by using different indexes. In this paper, Expected Energy Not Served (EENS) is simulated to evaluate the system reliability. Effects of the system parameters such as forced outage rate (FOR) are tested on the EENS index.

[Mojtaba Shirvani, Ahmad Memaripour, Mostafa Abdollahi, Asadollah Salimi. Calculation of generation system reliability index: Expected Energy Not Served. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3443-3448]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 510

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.510

 

Keywords: Generation System Reliability, Expected Energy Not Served, Capacity Outage Probability Table, Analytically Method.

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Construction and Characterization of a cDNA Expression Library from the Endangered Jinnan Cattle

 

Peng Fei Hu†, Xiang Chen Li†, Zhi Yu Wang, Wei Jun Guan, Yue Hui Ma

 

Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

† These authors contributed equally to this work

weijunguan301@gmail.com & yuehui_ma@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Jinnan cattle is one of the most important species in China, It is also listed as one of the 78 nationally protected domestic animals by the Chinese government in the year of 2000. The construction of cDNA expression library of Jinnan cattle is of great significance for its protection of genetic resources, and it is very important for the research of gene function. In this study, the total RNA was extracted from the ear tissue of Jinnan cattle, then the ear tissue cDNA expression library of Jinnan cattle was constructed using SMARTTM technique. The result showed that the titer of amplified cDNA library is 1.17×1010pfu·mL-1, the rate of recombinant is above 93.47%, and the average size of the fragments is 0.7 kb. This study has an important significance for the preservation of Jinnan cattle gene resources.

[Hu PF, Li XC, Wang ZY, Guan WJ, Ma YH. Construction and Characterization of a cDNA Expression Library from the Endangered Jinnan Cattle. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3449-3451] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 511

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.511

 

Keywords: Jinnan cattle; cDNA expression library; endangered animals

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The effect of music Therapy on Separtion Anxiety

 

Seyidemozhghan salehi, Zahra shamlourad, Vida Abdollahi shamami

 

MA Student General Psychology, Kermanshah Science Research, Kermanshah, Iran

salehiseyedemojgan@yahoo.com; e.sh139@yahoo.com; vidaabdolahi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nowadays music becomes more interesting because some of its feature such as helping children to be able to express emotion,regulate emotion and communicate. It was a randomized controlled trail, parallel designed. Eligible participants were student between 10 to 12 years age in Iran. Paraverbal music therapy has been used as an intervention for the present study. The objective of our study was to determine the relationship between music therapy and emotional intelligence dimensions under paraverbal music therapy intervention with respect to emotional intelligence for young people. In addition, it was compared the effect of music therapy on improvement of male’s and female’s total emotional intelligence score in young people. Participants were divided in to two groups, experimental group who entered to intervention and control group who just asked to study an easy book about musical instrument.Participants, parents, therapists and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Between participants, a total of 100 people (boy=50, girl=50) with the lowest scores in Baron emotional intelligence measurement for young people short version, employee in the present study. It shows that paraverbal music therapy improves emotional intelligence in children. However; there was no significant difference between mean value on emotional intelligence level for male and female after music therapy. Music therapy can be used to increase emotional intelligence in children whose emotional intelligence suffered by some problem or can be improved through training and remedial programs as well as through therapeutic interventions. During the different period, people with antisocial personality disorder is defined as many titles by researchers and experts, but the symptoms of this disorder remains as featured the same. Origins of antisocial personality disorder and social deviance is in childhood, means when the symptoms may be seem in actions such as, away from school, constantly lying, robberies and fights. This practice often continues into adulthood. Antisocial personality disorder is first recognized disorder. This disorder is characterized by continuously antisocial and criminal acts, but is not criminality equivalent and is inability to adapt to social norms. Actions such as: behaviors such as aggression to people and their property, failure to pay the debts and financial obligations, criminality and committing acts unlike ethics and law. Antisocial personality disorder including anti-social features, such as no sense of shame or regret, failure to learn from past experiences, weakness and failure in the emotion and excitement, stay away from others, anxiety and stress and asthma. Antisocial personality disorder is 2 to 3 percent, and in male is four times more than women. Antisocial personality disorder is a long-lasting and durable. Four potential sources considered for this disorder, which include: 1- family and social context; 2 learning disorders; 3 – genetics; 4 – bad performance physiology of the central nervous system. Divorce is considered among the most important and most social damage. The word of divorce means release and separation of marriage and the marriage bond, and is terminating the marriage and is a phenomenon that caused ability to disrupt marital ties. Personal relationships with others, includes: individuals, groups and institutions are ingredients implementation of life. Only the living can have many components, but usually only a few of them, which are associated with marriage, family and career, are vital for life. The reports indicate that early adulthood (young), is the most of the energy in their favor, conflict and stress. Physical separation is different from the actual subtraction (That is due to the cessation of cohabitation), and must be done by court order also couples living separated without divorce without duties in common life. Adolescence and young thinks to marriage as a target, with diverse experience, growing relationship with the social environment, development dimensions of intellectual, understanding many aspects and reality of life, considering the material and spiritual, depending on their character and with influence of family life. Today the kind of marriages among youth can have an influence on the prevalence of divorce and lack of understanding between couples.

 

[Seyidemozhghan salehi, Zahra shamlourad, Vida Abdollahi shamami. The effect of music Therapy on Separtion Anxiety. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3452-3459] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 512

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.512

 

Keywords: Music Therapy, Emotional Intelligence, Young Children, Adolescence, divorce, marriages, social, family, Anxiety, depression, social, deviance, separation

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Improve image contrast using the histogram of the matrix obtained in a uniform method of histogram and without noise histogram overlay

 

1Javad Kangarani Farahani, 2Reza Ahmadi, 3Zahra Askari, 4Mohammad Hosein Bayat

 

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Tafresh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tafresh, Iran

2Department of Electrical Engineering, Ashtian Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian, Iran

3Department of Electrical Engineering, Tafresh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tafresh, Iran

4Department of Electrical Engineering, Tafresh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tafresh, Iran

Farahani.javad@gmail.com, rockmantry@gmail.com, Zahra.askari22@yahoo.com, Hossain_bayat@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, we approach used in the original paper, which improved the image contrast of the histogram is based on informal we represent. The source of the original histogram using the histogram below with reference to the brightness level and a limited range of the mean and variance improves. As a final total weighted images obtained histogram is consistent with the Uniform Building. By the range of the minimum and maximum values of each individual operator draws the histogram equalization is limited. We use in this method, the matrix obtained from the histogram method. The histogram of the image without using the histogram of uniform methods and Using the histogram method improves the overall image is described and finally we will compare these two methods. [Kangarani Farahani J, Ahmadi R, Asgari Z, Bayat H. Improve image contrast using the histogram of the matrix obtained in a uniform method of histogram and without noise histogram overlay. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3460-3463]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 513

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.513

 

Keywords: Improve contrast; Histogram of uniform; the uniform of the histogram; Noise Uniform; image processing.

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Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of White, Red, Black Grape Skin and White Grape Seeds

 

Samah, M. Ishmael1, Sahar S. A. Soltan2, Khaled, A. Selim3, Hoda, M. H. Ahmed2

 

1 Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

2Department of Home Economics (Nutrition and Food Science), Faculty of Specific Education, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

3 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

Saharsoltan51@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Grape skin and seeds are sources for phenolic compounds that contribute to the sensory characteristics and beneficial bioactive of many processed foods. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate and characterize the phenolic composition and evaluate the antioxidant activities of three grape varieties skin (white, red and black) and white grape seeds. The results indicated that among the grape skin of the three varieties, black grape skin (BGS) contained the highest amount of total phenolic compounds (2070.02mg GAE/100g dry weight). While white grape skin (WGS) found to have the lowest phenolic contents (296.27mg GAE/100g). On the other hand, white grape seeds (WG Seeds) contained the highest content of phenolic compounds compared to the skin samples (2536.5mgGAE/100g dry weight).The phenolic composition of the grape skin and grape seeds samples were determined by HPLC. The main phenolic compound in the three grape skins was Di-OH-cinamic acid. In the contrast, the main phenolic compounds in the grape seeds were Catechin and Brocyanidin B1. Besides, all the extracts showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging activities with EC50 values ranged from 0.26- 26.91µg extract/µg DPPH. The results showed that scavenging capacity of black grape skin and grape seeds extracts increased with increasing concentration of the skin extract in the range 0 – 21.08 µg extract/µg DPPH and grape seeds extract up to 1.92 µg extract/µg DPPH. Effect of addition different concentrations of grape skin and seeds extracts on oxidative stability of sunflower oil at 100 °C by Rancimat was studied. The results indicated that at low concentration 200ppm all extracts improved the oxidative stability of sunflower oil comparing to the control. The addition of 2% WGS, RGS, BGS and WG Seeds to rats diet showed significant decrease P<0.05 of TC, LDL-C and TG. On the other hand, 4% (RGS, WG Seeds), 8% BGS and 2% WG Seeds showed the same effects as BHT. Feeding rats on diet containing 200ppm BHT and 4% (WGS, RGS, and BGS) showed that no significant change of HDL-C compared to the control group. Serum Glucose was increase by increasing the levels of grape skin and seeds, in the diet. Feeding rats on diet containing 8% (WGS, RGS, and BGS) and WG Seeds at different levels caused a significant increase in catalase enzyme activity compared to synthetic antioxidant. Meanwhile, Feeding rats on diets containing 4% and 8% grape skin and seeds decreased liver function more than 2% compared to the control group and synthetic antioxidant. In Conclusion grape skin and seeds had higher antioxidant activity a specifically at low concentrations. Moreover, higher concentrations lead to higher decrease of liver function more than low concentration. The high phenolic content and the considerable antioxidant activity of the grape skin and seeds could be potentially considered as sources for natural antioxidants

[Samah, M. Ishmael; Sahar, S. A. Soltan; Khaled, A. Selim and Hoda, M. H. Ahmed. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of White, Red, Black Grape Skin and White Grape Seeds. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3464-3474]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 514

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.514

 

Key words: Natural Antioxidants; Phenolic Components; Antioxidant Activity; Antioxidant Enzymes; Lipid Profile.

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Designing of Incorporating Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Controller Based on Strategy Moving Sliding Surface for Two-Link Robot Manipulator

 

Samrand sharifi 1, Somayeh ahmadyan 2, Saman ebrahimi 3

 

1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Boukan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boukan, Iran

2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Boukan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boukan, Iran

3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran

sharifi62@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Sliding movement includes two phases; reaching phase and Sliding phase. In both phases problems are encountered. In sliding phase, the switching nature of control law leads to the undesirable chattering phenomenon whose high frequency oscillations excite the un-modeled dynamics of the system; this might damage the system under control.In this paper, as a solution to these problems one incorporating fuzzy-sliding mode controller (FSMC) is introduced. Also, during reaching phase, SMC is sensitive to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Throughout this paper a sliding mode fuzzy controller with moving switching surface (MSS) is provided to minimize or possibly eliminate the reaching phase.

[Sharifi S, Ahmadyan S, Ebrahimi S. Designing of Incorporating Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Controller Based on Strategy Moving Sliding Surface for Two-Link Robot Manipulator. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3475-3480] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 515

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.515

 

Keywords: fuzzy control, sliding mode, robot, incorporating control

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Automatic Detection and Positioning of Power Quallity Disturbances using a Discrete Wavelet Transform

 

Ramtin Sadeghi, Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi, Payam Ghaebi Panah, Ehsan Jafari

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Lenjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sadeghi@iauln.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Voltage sag is one of the crucial problems of power quality that affects high power devices. It may cause sensitive devices to malfunction and may increase the failure in power systems. An appropriate algorithm for identifying and positioning the voltage sag disorder is suggested in this study. This procedure identifies the voltage sag online and automatically and can identify the exact time and position of this damaging circumstance. This method operates based on the analysis of wavelets and search blocks, and its procedure uses the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to identify the changes in voltage signals with respect to the non-fault state. Simulation results on a nine-bus IEEE network confirm the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.

[Ramtin Sadeghi, Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi, Payam Ghaebi Panah, Ehsan Jafari. Automatic Detection and Positioning of Power Quallity Disturbances using a Discrete Wavelet Transform. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3481-3486]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 516

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.516

 

Keywords: Power Quality, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Voltage Sag, Identification Techniques.

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Establishment and Biological Characteristic Research of Yuxizhiwei sheep Fibroblast Cell Bank

 

Hui Wang1,2, Xiangchen Li 1, Changli Li1, Wenxiu Zhang1, Weijun Guan1, Yuehui Ma1

 

1. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

2. College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Hui Wang and Xiangchen Li contributed equally to this work

Yuehui_Ma@hotmail.com;weijunguan301@gmail.com.

 

Abstract: An ear marginal fibroblast cell bank was established from the Yuxizhiwei sheep which is an excellent Chinese livestock breed using attachment culture and freezing biotechniques. This bank included 30 ear samples and had stocks of 136 cryogenically preserved vials, each containing 1.7×107 cells. Establishment and biological characteristic research results of the cell bank showed that the cells revealed typical fibroblast morphology and grew well in vitro, the growth curve consisted of latent phase, logarithmic growth phase and stationary phase, the cell population doubling time (PDT) was 24 hours, and there was no microbe contamination (bacteria, epiphyte, virus or mycoplasma) in the culture. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) zymography indicated that this cell bank was free of cross-contamination. We also determined that the diploid rate of the cell bank was 90.2%~91.4% and measured the expression ratios of three fluorescent protein genes which were between 11.3% and 30.2%. The quality identity of this cell bank thus satisfied the standards of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). This study has not only opened up new ways to conserve genetic resources of important and endangered animal breeds in the form of somatic cells, but also provided valuable experimental materials for cell biology, medicine, genomics, post-genomics, embryo engineering and so on.

[Wang H, Li XC, Li CL. Establishment and Biological Characteristic Research of Yuxizhiwei sheep Fibroblast Cell Bank. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3487-3493] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 517

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.517

 

Keywords: Yuxizhiwei sheep; fibroblast cell; biological characteristics; genetic resource conservation

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Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Program on Nurses Knowledge and Practice

 

Hend M. Elazazay, Amany L. Abdelazez and Omibrahem A. Elsaie

 

Lecturers, Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University

hend.elazazy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract The ability to respond quickly and effectively to a cardiac arrest situation rests on nurses being competent in the emergency life-saving procedure of cardiopulmonary resuscitation while the lack of resuscitation skills has been identified as a contributing factor to poor outcome in cardiac arrest victims. This study aimed to assess the impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program on knowledge and performance of Tanta Cancer Institute nurses. The study was carried out in Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University and Tanta Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health. The sample consists of all nurses working in Tanta Cancer Institute. Two tools were used. Tool one was nurses' knowledge related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation questionnaire which was developed to assess nurses' knowledge and it comprises two parts; part one related to bio-socio-demographic characteristics of the nurse and part two related to information regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Tool two was nurses' performance related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation observational check list; it was developed to measure nurses' skill regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Data were collected over a period of three months started from May to July 2012.The results revealed that majority of nurses had poor knowledge and performance related to CPR pre the training program which has been improved immediately, and deteriorated one month post the program and the only positive correlation was found between knowledge and nurses' socio-demographic characteristics was related to educational level pre and one month after the program. Conclusion explained that training program was effective in improving nurses' knowledge and performance related to CPR which has been sharply increased immediately post the program and then decreased one month later, the study recommended annually assessment and refreshing courses to nursing staff in accordance with up- to- date guidelines to impart both cognitive knowledge and psychomotor skills of CPR and to provide a standardized care to cardiac arrest victim.

[Hend M. Elazazay, Amany L. Abdelazez and Omibrahem A. Elsaie. Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Program on Nurses Knowledge and Practice. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3494-3503]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 518

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.518

 

Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Training Program.

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The Effect of Chemotherapy on Quality Of Life of Colorectal Cancer Patients before and 21 Days after the First Chemotherapeutic Sessions

 

Omibrahem A. Elsaie, Hend M. Elazazy and Seham A. Abdelhaie

 

Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University

hend.elazazy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Colorectal cancer and its treatment may cause adverse effects to the social function, including work and productive life, relationship with the family, partners and friends, and other interests and social activities, the disease and treatment impact to patients' well-being and functional results is a topic of growing interest for the colorectal cancer researches. Although improvements in treatment regimens have beneficially impacted the prognosis of colorectal cancer, several quality of life issues result from potential side effects of such aggressive treatment. This study aimed to assess the effect of chemotherapy on quality of life for colorectal cancer patients before the beginning and 21 days after the first session of chemotherapy. The study was carried out in outpatient of the Cancer Institute. The sample consists of 80 patients diagnosed as colorectal cancer, postoperatively and undergoing chemotherapy. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of life Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire was used to assess patient’s quality of life. Data were collected over a period of seven months started from September 2009 to March 2010. The results revealed that all symptoms dimensions except fatigue, and functional dimensions related to physical, role, and cognitive functioning as well as overall functioning was significantly decreased post the chemotherapeutic session. Conclusion and recommendation explained that; for the improvement of quality of life, patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy should be included in program to help them find out adopt, and deal with function and symptoms complication of chemotherapy.

[Omibrahem A. Elsaie, Hend M. Elazazy and Seham A. Abdelhaie. The Effect of Chemotherapy on Quality Of Life of Colorectal Cancer Patients before and 21 Days after the First Chemotherapeutic Sessions. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3504-3514]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 519

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.519

 

Key words: Quality of Life; Chemotherapy; Colorectal Cancer.

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A Feasibility Study on Combined RCS Moment Frames with Concrete and Steel Frames in Upper Level Management

 

Hamed Jami 1, Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri *2 and Heidar Dashti 3

 

1M.Sc Student of Construction Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

 2Assistant professor, Department of Geophysics, Hamedan branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

 3Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Shoushtar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

 *Corresponding author: Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri

E-mail: a_abbaszadeh@iauh.ac.ir; abbas4646@yahoo.com

 

ABSTRACT: RCS structures refer to construction built using a system of reinforced concrete (RC) supports and steel frame (S) beams have been recognized to possess several advantages in terms of structural performance and economy compared to pure RC and steel frames. All of the materials are of the highest quality in order to achieve rational structures, withstand great force and at the same time allow wide spaces between supports. This type of construction allows for large open structures like warehouses for heavy loads and shopping centers. In the present paper the design procedure is validated through the testing of a real case study in Tehran which aims to achieve the management targets. For this reason a detailed comparison feasibility study on technical, economical and management conditions between usual structures (steel and concrete) with RCS were performed. At the first by ETABS three models for steel, concrete and RCS structure with similar basic characteristics were constructed. Then by MSP the performance timing of each of them with total required costs, time and personnel were extracted. At the end to clear the obtained results, by use of finite element method, a C# computer code namely “J.A.D” was generated to design the structures and project timing performance. The obtained results showed that the generated code can detect and process of civil operation data and capable to provide higher quality output diagrams with an upper resolution and accuracy.

[Hamed Jami, Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri and Heidar Dashti. A Feasibility Study on Combined RCS Moment Frames with Concrete and Steel Frames in Upper Level Management. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3515-3521]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 520

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.520

 

Keywords: Management, RCS structure, “J.A.D” C# computer code

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The relationship between culture and traffic technology development and the effect of culture on reducing the road accidents

 

1*Arshad Farahmandian, 2Rasol Nasiri, 3Hasan Eivazzadeh, 4Davood Gharakhani

 

1*Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

3Department of Political Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

4Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

 

Abstract: The increasing growth of modern technology with the fundamental changes in international system during past fifty years has changed the view of modern world completely. These changes in addition to social and cultural transitions cause to make the critical different rates of challenges in different areas of human community and this is a ground to occur the knowledge crisis in describing the living conditions and human compatibility. In this condition, the system experts know that the social security needs a dynamic, flexible and conclusive program and also a strong will. This study tries to explain every effective factor in improving the common culture of road users and its effect on reducing road accidents. The correct and regulation based driving lead to increase transportation security. The hasty drivers who break the safe speed will cause the accidents. So, it is important to train the principals of how to use roads correctly because it is the effective factor to reduce accidents and cost of them and finally, it cause to satisfy countrymen and also traffic officers.

[Arshad Farahmandian, Rasol Nasiri, Hasan Eivazzadeh, Davood Gharakhani. The relationship between culture and traffic technology development and the effect of culture on reducing the road accidents. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3522-3525]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 521

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.521

 

Keywords: culture, technology transfer, training, road accidents

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Impact of Macroeconomic variables on stock returns Case Study: Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

 

1*Davood Gharakhani, 2Forooz Pishgar, 3Mahdi Beedel, 4Arshad Farahmandian

 

1*Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

2Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft branches, Fouman, Iran

3Department of economics and managements, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

4Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

 

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between Macroeconomic variables and stock returns of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this paper, 4 macroeconomic variables are selected (interest rates, Import, Liquidity and Profit margins). Also the correlation coefficient and multiple regressions are used for surveying research hypothesis. The results indicates that Liquidity and Profit margins have a positive impact on stock returns of Companies and interest rates, Import Have a negative impact on stock returns of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange.

[Davood Gharakhani, Forooz Pishgar, Mahdi Beedel, Arshad Farahmandian. Impact of Macroeconomic variables on stock returns Case Study: Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3526-3529]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 522

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.522

 

Keywords: stock returns, interest rates, Import, Liquidity, Profit margins

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Poverty and Charity Promotion in Hafez Ibrahim Poems

 

Vahid Mousanataj 1, Mehranghiz Raisinezhad dobene 2

 

1.PhD Student Arabic Language and Literature,Kharazmi University, Theran,Iran

2.Professor of Islamic Azad University, Branch Kohnuj,Iran

vahidnataj@yahoo.com,baranelight@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Poverty has been a favorite subject for socially responsible and alarming activists and poets. Poverty has been a social problem in many societies since ancient times. Social strata and economic classification have existed in all societies. Poverty may manifest itself in various dimensions of a society including cultural, religious, affectionate, economic, and so forth. Economic poverty is the most prevalent form. Many factors contribute in the spread of this infelicitous phenomenon including conflicts, natural calamities, mismanagement, economic fiasco, and social turmoil. Poverty is the root of persisting corruptions, crimes, and decadences. Poverty is remonstrated in religious narrations such as "poverty is analogous to blasphemy." People may adapt different standpoint against poverty. For instance, sociologists, scientists, philosophers, clergymen, poets, and the like have their own views on poverty. However, the main issue is what approaches a society takes to address it. Poets have addressed poverty as a social problem. Their sensitivity makes it difficult to accept this ominous and unfortunate condition. They always undertake and strive to promote its eradication through their work. Hafez Ibrahim is one poet who had personally experienced poverty throughout his life from his early days, during education, in his productive life, and till the end. He attempted to redress his unfortunate situation by expression of sympathy with people.

[Vahid Mousanataj,Mehranghiz Raisinezhad dobene. Poverty and Charity Promotion in Hafez Ibrahim Poems. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3530-3533] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 523

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.523

 

Keywords: Hafez Ibrahim, Poet, Qasida, Poem, Caring for Children, Poverty, Charitable Organizations, Child, Misery, Orphan, Wealthy, Social, Economic

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A Study of Nutritional Status of Saudi Pregnant Women Comparing with Non Saudi in King Abdul Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah

 

Thaana A. El -kholy, Dina Qahwaji, and Sahar A. Antar

 

Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Science King Abdulaziz University,

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. telkholy@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Pregnant women have been widely recognized as a vulnerable group from health point of view. They need more food than a normal person for the proper nourishment of the growing fetus. The field of nutrition of the pregnant women, especially in general hospitals, has been sadly. Methods: Against this backdrop, our study was carried out among 104 pregnant women Saudi and non- Saudi (86, 18, respectively) with second and third trimester attends to Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic at (KAUH). The goal of this study was to investigate the nutrient intake of pregnant woman and find factors affecting pregnancy outcomes such as weight gain, gestational age and prevalence of anemia as a compare between Saudi and non - Saudi pregnant women. A pre-tested structured interview schedule was used for the collection of general information. Twenty four hours recall method of diet was applied for the collection of dietary information. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels collected from a doctor’s report for observing the anemic condition. Results: It was found that the energy intake was significantly different between Saudi and non-Saudi pregnant women at (p< 0.05). Also for protein, fat, and carbohydrate were significant difference between the two groups at (p<0.05). Regard to the differentiation of vitamin A, niacin and folat intake was highly significant at (p<0.001) between the two groups. However, the difference in vitamin D, riboflavin intake was highly significant at (p<0.01) while for vitamin C and thiamin intake were significant at (p< 0.05) between Saudi and non-Saudi Pregnant women. Pregnant women in their second and third trimester (Saudi and non-Saudi pregnant women) had a low dietary intake for most nutrients especially for nutrient crucial during pregnancy such as iron, folate, calcium, selenium, magnesium, and niacin; the difference between Saudi pregnant and non-Saudi pregnant women were highly significant. It was observed that mean daily dietary intake of iron and folic acid for the anemic pregnant were significantly lower than those of non anemic pregnant women. Also we observed that as trimester increase, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels increases perhaps because a substantial proportion of pregnant women consumed iron and folic acid tablets or syrups regularly. Conclusion: This study highlights the need to develop programs to improve the dietary intake of non Saudi pregnant women which living in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. It is concluded from the findings of this study that pregnant women need to increase their intake of food rich in iron, folate, niacin, protein and energy. The results suggest that pregnant women need guidance in selecting nutrient dense food. The upraise for nutrition awareness programs among pregnant women is recommended. More emphasis should be given to the cheap, local, commonly consumed food that are nutrient rich so that these women are assisted in making the best use of their economic resources to improve their diet.

[Thaana A. El -kholy, Dina Qahwaji, and Sahar A. Antar. A Study of Nutritional Status of Saudi Pregnant Women Comparing with Non Saudi in King Abdul Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3534-3543]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 524

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.524

 

 Key words: Second trimester –Third trimester- Dietary intakes–energy intake - nutritional anemia - Hemoglobin – Hematocrit.

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Staff moral values of Islam are based on a qualitative content analysis technique

 

Negin Sangari1, Reza Mirzaian2

 

1. PhD candidate of Human Resource Management, University of Tehran

2.Master of Urban Management

 

Abstract: Contemporary organizations are operating in an environment that is increasingly complex and variable – economic globalization and technological developments in the past two decades were the driving force of these changes, the move towards a knowledge organization and growing demand for employees in the workplace and foster a rich and meaningful work, the pressure is greater, therefore, organizations need to create a work environment where employees feel challenged and meaningful work and it has become a priority for organizations, thus it represents the importance of spirituality in organizations. In this study we have investigated the background of the subject and definitions of spirituality and spirituality is presented in, and for the first time, the components of spiritual values of Islam has been examined and by using qualitative content analysis, all the verses of the Holy Quran, letters and sermons contained in the book Nahjolbalagheh, have been investigated and After coding concepts, and extract categories and main categories three propositions had been extracted as a result of content analysis, it contains spiritual values of employees in connection with God, spiritual values of employees in connection with others, spiritual values of employees in connection with self and spiritual values of organizations in the interaction with employees and an interactive model of the bidirectional relationship between these variables was presented.

[Negin Sangari, Reza Mirzaian. Staff moral values of Islam are based on a qualitative content analysis technique. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3544-3552] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 525

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.525

 

Keywords: Spirituality, spiritual values of employees, spiritual values of organization, interaction model

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Partitioning of above and belowground biomass and allometry in the two stand age classes of Pinus rigida in South Korea

 

Yeon Ok Seo 1, Roscinto Ian C. Lumbres 1 2, Young Jin Lee 1*

 

1Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 340- 802, Korea

2College of Forestry- Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet, 2601, Philippines

leeyj@kongju.ac.kr

 

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the influence of age class on aboveground and belowground biomass partitioning and to develop allometric equations for the estimation of Pinus rigida biomass in South Korea. To determine the biomass of the stem wood, stem bark, branch and foliage, trees were harvested and roots were excavated, after which the dry weight of each biomass component was determined. Results showed that the mean biomass of Pinus rigida for stand 1 (<21 years) was 12.28kg, whereas the mean biomass for stand 2 (21-40 years) was 129.35kg. The proportion of stem wood biomass to total aboveground biomass increased from stand age class 1 (55.8%) to stand age class 2 (69.3%). Although stem biomass percentage tends to increase as stand age increase, it is not recommended to exclude secondary tree component biomass such as foliage, branches and roots, as this will significantly underestimate the total biomass and carbon storage potential of a forest. The mean root to shoot ratio for the two age classes were 0.20 and 0.26, respectively, and a high correlation was also observed between aboveground and belowground biomass tree components and the DBH. The highest R2 value was observed in the total biomass with 0.99 for both stand age classes. It was also observed that the biomass tree component have different equation parameters and significant difference between the two age classes, and thus, the allometric equations developed should be applied based on the age of the stand.

[Seo YO, Lumbres RIC, Lee YJ. Partitioning of above and belowground biomass and allometry in the two stand age classes of Pinus rigida in South Korea. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3553-3559] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 526

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.526

 

Keywords: Allometric equation, carbon, Pinus rigida, stand age, tree component biomass

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527

Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Chitinase Produced by Bacillus licheniformis EG5 Isolated from Egyptian Soil

 

Abdel-Shakour E. H.

 

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

essam_hussain@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: The chitinolytic activity of the isolate B. licheniformis EG5 obtained from agricultural Egyptian soil was investigated. This isolate degraded chitin with the development of distinct zone of clearance on colloidal chitin agar. The isolate was identified by classical bacteriological examination, metabolic fingerprinting using Biolog Micro Plates and phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene nucleotide sequence. Evaluation of antifungal activity of the produced enzyme was done and revealed the potential antifungal activity especially against F. graminearum (NRRL 5883) & F. sp. (NRRL 37262) among strains of Fusarium tested. Chitinase enzyme from the isolate under study was produced under the determined optimum conditions. These conditions were static incubation for three days at initial pH 8.00 & incubation temperature 40oC with chitin concentration 0.7 % (w/v). Under these conditions, the enzyme activity in culture supernatant was 6.18 UmL-1. Purification of the produced enzyme was performed and the results revealed that the enzyme activity recorded, 11.35 UmL-1, had increased by about factor of two. Chitinolytic activity of the partially purified enzyme was examined again in contrast to controls maintained with heat inactivated enzyme which did not record any chitinolytic zones. Final assessment of antifungal activity of the partially purified chitinase produced by this isolate was confirmed against controls inoculated and maintained with heat inactivated enzyme which also did not show any activity against Fusarium spp. tested. Molecular weight determination revealed the presence of one distinct band of about 63 KDa.

[Abdel-Shakour E. H. Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Chitinase Produced by Bacillus licheniformis EG5 Isolated from Egyptian Soil. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3560-3572] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 527

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.527

 

Keywords: Antifungal activity; Chitinase; Bacillus licheniformis; Production optimization; Soil

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Measurements of Natural Radionuclides in Soil samples from Tourbh Governorate, Saudi Arabia

 

Alharbi W.R.

 

Physics Department, Faculty science for Girls, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Walhrbi@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract The level of natural radioactivity in forty nine soil samples collected from Tourbh governorate, Saudi Arabia were measured using gamma ray spectrometer. Analyses of soil samples have been performed to determine the radioactive concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The results show that these radionuclides concentrations present in Bq/kg and ranged from 1.95±0.08 to 13.07±0.5, 1.33±0.11 to 10.04±0.61and 39.92±3.43 to 193.71±16.66 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively. To assess the radiation hazard, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the representative level index, Igr, and absorbed dose in air for all samples were calculated. The data were discussed and compared with the published data in different countries.

[Alharbi W.R. Measurements of Natural Radionuclides in Soil samples from Tourbh Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3573-3577]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 528

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.528

 

Keywords: Soil, Environmental Radioactivity, Gamma spectrometry, Radiation Exposure.

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529

Analytical Study of the Effect of Dividend Policy and Financing Policy on Market Value-Added in Tehran Stock Exchange

 

Karim RezvaniRaz 1, Ghasem Rekabdar 2

 

1. Department of Accounting, Khorramshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr,Iran.

2. Department of Mathematics, Abadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan,Iran.

karim.rezvani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A corporate’s value depends drastically on the maximizing the profit and the method of profit distribution as well as taking the proper approaches for financing. Distinguishing the policy of tension and traction dividend considering the investment opportunities and investment in suitable investing opportunities that needs traction policy of dividend, as well as the stockholders’ satisfaction which takes the enforcement of tension policy of dividend in order to increase the Business Value-Added (BVA) is almost difficult and very sensitive. Moreover, it is more difficult to study and distinguish suitable approaches for consuming financing resources. We also should consider the way of distributing these resources as the dividend or consumption of these resources in using the profitable investment opportunities. This can be effective on fulfillment of increasing the efficiency of investment of investors and maximizing the stockholders’ Wealth. Economic Value Added (EVA) can be used as an interior standard for the business operation. This standard result to creation of another external standard named Market Value Added (MVA). The firm’s value can be evaluated through this MVA which is used in this study. Generally, detecting ways of financing (borrowings) and the way of cash distribution (dividend divided) and their affects ratio on maximization of a corporate value are among the complicated problems and subjects that studying and researching them would be very important for the analysts, investors, stock assessors, stock brokers, financial and credit institutions and other beneficial individuals and institutions. Therefore, according to this importance this article will study these variables and their relationship with the Market Value Added of the registered companies with Tehran Stock Exchange. The results of the tests show that in the companies with less opportunity and the big companies the Market Value Added is under the effect of financing policy and dividend policy, and there is a significant relationship between them.

[RezvaniRaz K, Rekkabdar G. Analytical Study of the Effect of Dividend Policy and Financing Policy on Market Value-Added in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3578-3582] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 529

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.529

 

Keywords: investment opportunities, Market Value Added (MVA), financing policy, dividend changes

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530

Association between job stress and job satisfaction among Iranian Gynecologists

 

Morteza Salimi1, Minoo Rajai2, Hamid Haghighi3, Masoud Shareghi1, Mojtaba Salimi4, Sakineh Fallahi5, Seyed Reza Mirsoleymani1, Ali Akbar Hesam6, Soghra Fallahi7, Fatemeh Zare8, Sakineh Dadipour8

 

1. Student Research Committee, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

2. Associate Professor, Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

3. M.Sc in Family Counseling, Counseling & Psychological Service Center, Hormozgan Education Department, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

4. Student of MBA, Department of Management, Hormozgan University of Technology

5. M.Sc in Nursing, Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

6. M.Sc Student of Clinical Psychology, Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

7. M.Sc in Physiology, Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

8. M.Sc Student of Health Education, Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

pooya4022@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The positive outcomes of job satisfaction (job satisfaction) lead to increasing the productivity (promotion on ability) ensuring the physical and mental health, and increasing the speed of Training New job skills. This study evaluated the effects of occupational stress on job satisfaction. The study sample consisted of gynecologists. 130 subjects were selected by sampling method. The instruments include a questionnaire of 35 questions on hospital stress and 45 questions of job satisfaction. Results indicated that the five components of job stress, can significantly predict job satisfaction which explains in total, 79% of the variance in job satisfaction. the results of Friedman test showed that the components of job satisfaction (nature of the work itself) has the first rank, salary and benefits (compensations and benefits) has the second rank and job promotion (promotion opportunities) has the third rank. Results also showed that specialists under 40 years of age have higher job satisfaction than 41 to 50 years old and 51 to 60 years old groups. It seems that job stress is one of the negative factors on job satisfaction among gynecologists.

[Morteza Salimi, Minoo Rajai, Hamid Haghighi, Masoud Shareghi, Mojtaba Salimi, Sakineh Fallahi, Seyed Reza Mirsoleymani, Ali Akbar Hesam, Soghra Fallahi, Fatemeh Zare, Sakineh Dadipour. Association between job stress and job satisfaction among Iranian Gynecologists. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3583-3586] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 530

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.530

 

Keywords: Job stress, Job satisfaction, gynecologist

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The proliferative and apoptotic effects of garlicin on mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0

 

Hui Wang1,2, Xiangchen Li1, Guangbin Wang1, Xiaohong He1, Weijun Guan1,Yuehui Ma1

 

1. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

2. College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Hui Wang and Xiangchen Li contributed equally to this work

Yuehui_Ma@hotmail.com;weijunguan301@gmail.com.

 

Abstract: In order to investigate the proliferative and apoptotic effects of garlicin on mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0, and to explore the mechanisms of garlicin induced apoptosis, mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 was used as research material. morphological events and calcium dynamics were observed with phase contrast and confocal microscopy, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cell cycle progression and apoptotic rates were detected using flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed upon exposure to the drug. Garlicin exerts a strong inhibitory effect on SP2/0 cell line, which is dosage and duration dependent. There occured typical apoptotic morphological alterations at 48h upon exposure. Calcium dynamics were disturbed, cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 checkpoint, and the ratio of cells in G0/G1 phase was gradually increased while the proportion in S phase was reduced with elevated concentration. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential dropped. The viable-apoptotic and non-viable apoptotic rates were both dose-dependent. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that “DNA ladders”, a symptom of DNA fragmentation, had taken place. Garlicin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of SP2/0 cell line, influence cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis.

 [Wang H, Li XC, Wang GB. The proliferative and apoptotic effects of garlicin on mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3587-3594] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 531

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.531

 

Keywords: Garlicin; Mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0; Apoptosis

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532

Calculation of Generation System Reliability Index: Loss of Load Expectation

 

Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

mehdi.nikzad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Generation system reliability is an important factor in the long term planning for future system capacity expansion to make sure that the total installed capacity is sufficient to support demand. The planning process utilizes reliability indices as criteria to decide on new investments in new generation capacities. Generation system reliability is evaluated by using different indexes. In this paper, loss load of expectation (LOLE) is simulated to evaluate the system reliability. Effects of the system parameters such as forced outage rate (FOR) are tested on the LOLE index.

[Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour. Calculation of Generation System Reliability Index: Loss of Load Expectation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3595-3599]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 532

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.532

 

Keywords: Generation System Reliability, Loss of Load Expectation, Capacity Outage Probability Table, Analytically Method

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533

Factors affecting adherence level to HAART (Adherence predictors) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Umar Yagoub*1, Bulgiba A1, Peramalah D1, Lee C2, Chik Z3

 

1. Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2. Department of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buluh Selangor Malaysia

3. University of Malaya Bioequivalence and Testing Center (UBAT), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

mohammedumar2001@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) is the most important factor in predicting an HIV-infected patient treatment outcome. The objective of this paper is to examine the key determinants of adherence to HAART in a resource-limited setting. A total of 925 HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment were studied using a self-reported adherence questionnaire. We analysed the data using multiple logistic regression. We found that adherence was less likely if the patient had diarrhoea (aOR=0.081; 95% CI 0.034-0.192), vomiting (aOR=0.131; 95% CI 0.058-0.294), simply forgot their medication (aOR=0.080; 95% CI 0.033-0.197), used herbal medicine (aOR=0.227; 95% CI 0.103-0.501), used religious treatment (aOR=0.067; 95% CI 0.027-0.165) or had to travel too far to get their medication (aOR=0.264; 95% CI 0.111-0.632). Adherence was more likely with the use of the alarm clock (aOR=6.712; 95% CI 2.747-16.397), if they accepted their HIV status (aOR=4.727; 95% CI 1.960-11.403), had self-efficacy (aOR=4.711; 95% CI 2.062-10.761); were older (aOR=5.119; 95% CI 2.159-12.14), had higher education (aOR=1.430; 1.108-1.844) and had higher income (aOR=9.993; 95% CI 3.175-31.454). In conclusion, healthcare providers should treat adverse effects as effectively as possible, discourage the use of alternative treatments, provide counselling, encourage the alarm clock use and look into providing HAART closer to the patient’s home to improve adherence.

[Umar Yagoub, Bulgiba AM, Peramalah D, Lee C, Chik Z. Factors affecting adherence level to HAART (Adherence predictors) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3600-3603] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 533

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.533

 

Keywords: HAART, HIV, self-reported, adherence predictors

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534

Demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and Physical Activity Affecting the Nutritional Status of Young Children Under Five Years

 

Thanaa. A. Elkholy*; Naglaa, H. M. Hassanen and Rasha, M.SC.

 

Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, *telkholy@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Background: Modern lifestyle extends the umbrella of social responsibility for provision of appropriate nutritionally balanced foods to children of all age groups in particular the children under 5 years of age of all socio-economic groups of civil society which starts from home leads to the health professionals at all health outlets, Nutritionists, Dieticians, schools and the food industry. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study performed to investigate the relation between demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and physical activity affecting the nutritional status of young children under five Years of Age. One hundred twenty one young children, anthropometric data were taken using standard methods. Physical activities and other socioeconomic family parameters were assessed using validated questionnaire from Kindergarten children's and young children mothers by direct contact or by telephone. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the influence of various parameters. SPSS computer software ver.10 was used in data analysis. Results: This study revealed that the impact of family size on nutritional status of children was significantly different. Birth order was a highly significant factor in relation to nutritional status in WAZ and WHZ P<0.001. High prevalence of underweight was in Low income children. There was correlation between BMI and anthropometric measures. The breastfed group was better than the other group regard nutritional indicators; HAZ the differences were significant P<0.05. A significant different by duration of breast-feeding in months P< 0.01. A significantly different exercising in WAZ Score P≤0.05, HAZ Score P≤0.01 and WH Z-Score P<0.001. When the number of hours watching TV increased, the nutrition status gets worse (±2SD & > + 2SD).

[Thanaa. A. Elkholy; Naglaa, H. M. Hassanen and Rasha, M.SC. Demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and Physical Activity Affecting the Nutritional Status of Young Children Under Five Years. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3604-3614]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 534

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.534

 

Keywords KEYWORDS \* FirstCap \* MERGEFORMAT: Socio-Economic Factors - physical activity- Nutritional Status - Children- Under five - Anthropometric

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The Study of Woman’s Attitude towards the Presence of the Husband’s in the Labor Room during Childbirth

 

1Neama Mohamed El-Magrabi and 2Nadia Abdallah Mohamed

 

1Commuinty Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University

2Obstertrics & Gynecological Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, South Valley University

drnadia37@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Husband’s support during childbirth is a vital to a parturient woman’s emotional well-being. This study aimed to identify the attitudes of wives' to the presence of their husband in the labor room during childbirth. This study was conducted at the outpatient antenatal care clinic, in Women Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt. The study consists of a quota sample of 200 women at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy who attended the out-patient antenatal clinic. A structured interview sheet was used to investigate the attitude of women regarding the husband's presence in the delivery room during childbirth. The results show that, 64.0% of women had positive attitude towards the presence of the husband in the delivery room. The attitude scores were significantly related to age, job, and education (p<0.01). They reported that it will reduce mothers’ anxiety and strengthen the bond between the husband and women and his baby as well. The study recommended to accept the presence of the husband in the labor room and providing training for the husbands about the skills needed to promote the active participation in the delivery. Also, encouraging hospital administrators to develop "a Performance Protocol" to guide staff on realizing the new policy of having a father in the delivery room.

[Neama Mohamed El-Magrabi and Nadia Abdallah Mohamed. The Study of Woman’s Attitude Towards the Presence of the Husband’s in the Labor Room During. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3615-3620]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 535

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.535

 

Keywords: Woman; Attitude; Husband; Labor; Room; Childbirth

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536

The educational approach of allegory in religious texts

 

Dr. Kabiri Sayed Taghi1, Kobra Rahimzadeh2

 

  1. Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University of Khoy Branch, Iran

  2. Member of Young Researchers' Club of Islamic Azad University of Khoy Branch, Iran

 

Abstract: One of the educational methods of Quran and procedure of impeccable Imams (pbuh) is giving rational and sensible proverb (adage) and simile. So that, in this method, one series of literary words that are according to talent and conception of addressee and can memorize easily, replace difficult reasonable and retinal subjects in mind and don’t forget rapidly. In fact, the application of allegory in education cause to thinking and trying of learner, on the other hand, teacher giving brief examples (instances) free self and the learner from wordiness and reveal the intention of orator (speaker) for the learners can understand the matters easily and also giving an example is the best means for thinking and reasoning and guiding of mankind. This method use for simplifying of education. In this paper (article) represented the Quranic and anecdotal application of this method.

[Kabiri Sayed Taghi, Kobra Rahimzadeh. The educational approach of allegory in religious texts. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3621-3625]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 536

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.536

 

Key words: Quran, Tradition, Allegory, simile, Education

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537

Introducing an Economic Plan of Optimum Designing in the Joist Floor Slabs Construction

 

 Dr. Ahmad Akbarlou

 

 Faculty of Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: Ahmad.akbarlou@ymail.com

 

Abstract: In the present paper, considering joisted floor overuse in most of the residential, office and other types of buildings, numerous researches have been carried out into technical and theoretical problems. The results have been compiled as article and it has become clear that there is a drastic gap concerning financial matters of a variety of structures in building regulations. A steel building with joisted floor was considered to commence this technical and economic research. The effect of shifting floor framing direction of the joists on floor spans has been calculated and compared (frist on big span, next on small span) in the amount of used steel including the main steel girder weight and used bar weight in joist and the total cost of floor construction calculated according to it. The results show that in the case of building with joisted floor along the big span of floor span (from both direction of framing), 10% - 39% and 8% - 28% are saved in the case of steel use and floor construction costs, respectively. According to statistics concerning the city of Tabriz, 22000 tons of steel on average and about 440 billion Rials that is equal to 19.8 million $ would be saved in the cost of floor construction. These amounts of saving for the whole country(for Iran) are 580000 tons of steel and 12000 billion Rials that is equal to 540 million $.

[Ahmad Akbarlou. Introducing an Economic Plan of Optimum Designing in the Joist Floor Slabs Construction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3626-3633]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 537

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.537

 

Key words: Joisted floor, optimal choice of framing direction, optimal steel use, financial saving.

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538

The theoretical study and finite elements of effect in the height changes to threshold on the shear strength of steel shear walls

 

Hedayat Veladi, ArashSazghari

 

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tabriz University, Iran

hveladi@tabrizu.ac.ir

 

Abstract:In this article, studying the theoretical behavior of steel shear walls by Veladi et al and comparing its experimental results clarified that the degree of theoretic resistance has difference with experimental results. This difference is originated from the lack of width to height effect (b/h) on the shear resistance. Thus, to remove the problem, using ABAQUS software has been carried out to calculate a coefficient which is b/h proportion function. After comparing the obtained results from modeling and experiment, the authenticity was confirmed. Also, to reach to the study’s purpose, modeling of samples from steel shear and material except the height was carried out efficiently. Then, by the use of experimental results and computer based modeling’s, the extraction of a relationship was carried out to achieve multiple functions to theoretic relations.

[Hedayat Veladi, ArashSazghari. The theoretical study and finite elements of effect in the height changes to threshold on the shear strength of steel shear walls. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3634-3640]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 538

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.538

 

Key words: Steel shear walls, theoretical relations, periodical behavior, experimental behavior, experimental studies, ABAQUS software.

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539

The pathology of family the dimension of economy with belief approach

 

Asghar Abedzadeh

 

Department of Islamic Knowledge, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: The family has been considered as the regular base of kindness and tenderness of human’s internal and external necessities which are formed by the marriage. The marriage is a fresh word that strange man and woman make their bond together as a balance which is not completed without each other and the balance is their basic and contrary way to survive in this way. The holy Quran describes the common life as a “heavy and strong bond” happening between two sides which they promise together by the name of God together forever finding their confortable life time easily. However, it is sometimes observed that the first basic love get lost for making its own foundation. These family pathological affairs are subjected to pre-marriage, during-marriage and post-marriage. Factors like the lack of familiarity, belief affairs, social, scientific, cultural, economical which bringing the process of divorce awfully. All societies try to prevent these kinds of drastically events. Many books and articles have been written in this case trying to discover or make a solution for these pitfalls. The present article is to find a way to clarify many different approaches in this regard. These family pathological issues are beyond of these written articles here but due to the context of the study, the writer of the article tries to point to one of these biggest problems as the mother of the catastrophic events with belief approach here. Among these factors, the issue of economic and finance exists into the families and internal beliefs play key role in arranging economical and financial as well as poverty.

[Asghar Abedzadeh. The pathology of family the dimension of economy with belief approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3641-3647]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 539

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.539

 

Key words: marriage, family, pathology, poverty, unemployment, divorce.

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540

Comparison of cardiac structural, functional indices of male elite swimmers and triathletes with non- athletes

 

1Rasoul HashemKandi Asadi, 1Mir Hamid Salehian, 1Jafar Barghi Moghaddam, 2Mehdi Faramoushi

 

1. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: R_Hashemkandi@yahoo.com

2. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate structural and functional cardiac indices in elite male swimmers and traithletes versus non-athletes. 20 elite male athletes (10 swimmers and 10 traithletes) and 10 healthy non-athletes volunteers participated in this study. Structural and functional cardiac indices measured by two dimensional, M mode and Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey and Pearson´ correlation coefficient at significance level 0.05. M-mode and two-dimensional measurements of the right and left ventricular cavity and wall were obtained in elite orienteers and sedentary males. For the right ventricle and wall, multiple cross-sections were used and measurements were obtained from the right ventricular inflow and outflow tract. The results indicated that LVDd was significantly greater in the thriathletes compared with the non-athletes (P<0.05). In addition, PW was significantly greater in thriathletes compared with the non-athletes (P<0.05). Moreover, LVM was significantly greater in all athletes compared with non-athletes, but athletes have less HR and RPP (P<0.05). However, there weren’t significant differences between groups for Q, EF% and FS% (P>0.05). In the end, the results indicated a close linear correlation between LVM with LVD and PW.

[Rasoul HashemKandi Asadi, Mir Hamid Salehian, Jafar Barghi Moghaddam, Mehdi Faramoushi. Comparison of cardiac structural, functional indices of male elite swimmers and triathletes with non- athletes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3648-3651]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 540

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.540

 

Key words: cardiac structural, functional indices, elite swimmers, triathletes

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Ranking Effective Factors on Knowledge Management system in Bonab Islamic Azad University

 

Behnam Talebi1, Roghayyeh Rezayi2, Khosro Gholizadeh3, Behnam Heidarian4, Saeed Zanjani5

 

1. Department of Educational administration, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2. Department of Educational administration, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3. Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

4. Department of Management, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

5. Department of industrial management, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: In industrial economics, organizations create value through saving. Therefore, creating value depended more on industrial competence and capital budgeting; while in knowledge-based economics, the only creating value method is accepting innovation of a business. In these organizations creating value depends on organizational knowledge, innovation process, and intellectual resources and human resources creativity. The sample group for the present research is staffs having BA and higher degree or faculty members of Bonab IAU. For analyzing data gained from the sample, we made use of paired samples average test in order to investigate the existing and favorable situation and also Freidman test to rank effective factors in knowledge management system. The results show that the existing situation of effective factors on implementation of knowledge management system was not at a suitable level and has a significance difference with its favorable level. On the basis of the results gained from Freidman, the priority of effective variables on implementation of knowledge management system was not the similar and the priority of the variables is as follows: human resources, knowledge management strategy, organizational culture, leadership, information technology (IT) strategy and organizational structure.

[Behnam Talebi, Roghayyeh Rezayi, Khosro Gholizadeh, Behnam Heidarian, Saeed Zanjani. Ranking Effective Factors on Knowledge Management system in Bonab Islamic Azad University. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3652-3658]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 541

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.541

 

Key words: Knowledge Management System Factors, Higher Education

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Semantic deviation in Free Verse

 

Hamidreza Farzi, Rostam Amani Astmal, Ali Dehghan

 

Department of Human Sciences, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: The semantic deviation is one of the most effective ways of personification (Prosopopeia) in the language of the poem and defamiliarization in which many poets apply it for highlighting their poetry language. In this article, it is firstly pointed to Nima as the foundation of semantic deviation and the father of free verse, then his semantic deviation has been assessed efficiently. For the reason, it is firstly written an introduction about defamiliarization and its histoty, personification and semantic deviation; then, it is discussed on deviation in Nima free- verse and presented a apparently that he has used different semantic deviations for his verses personification; In continue, different semantic deviations along with Nima's free- verse samples have been evaluated; this study representing that although Nima has used efficiently different elements in semantic deviation, but the most common element is defamiliarization in his poems.

[Hamidreza Farzi, Rostam Amani Astmal, Ali Dehghan. Semantic deviation in Free Verse. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3659-3663]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 542

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.542

 

Keywords: Defamiliarization, personification, semantic deviation, Nima free verse.

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The effect of aerobic exercise on IL6, CRP and TNFa concentration in elderly men

 

Ali Besharati1, Dr. Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati2, Mehran Ahadi3, Mir Hamid Salehian4

 

1. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

2. Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tehran Shargh branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3. Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tehran Shargh branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

A_besharati691@yahoo.com; mousavisadati@yahoo.com; Mh_salehian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to study the effect of an aerobic exercise on IL6, CRP and TNFa concentration in elderly men. For this object 30 volunteer elderly men (60-80 yrs) were voluntarily selected. They were divided into two different groups: control and experimental group. Experimental group participated in an 8-week course of aerobic exercises; 3 sessions a week for half an hour per session. Forty-eight hours before and after exercising, some blood samples were collected from the individuals to evaluate their CRP, TNFα and IL-6 factors. T-test was used to identify the differences between pre-test and post-test values. The results showed that TNFα factor changed significantly by doing the exercises, that is, the aerobic exercises affected TNFα factor. However, there was no significance difference between CRP levels before and after aerobic activities.

[Ali Besharati, Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati, Mehran Ahadi, Mir Hamid Salehian. The effect of aerobic exercise on IL6, CRP and TNFa concentration in elderly men. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3664-3668]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 543

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.543

 

Keywords: aerobic exercise, Interlocin-6, C Reactive protein, Tumor Necrosis Alfa, elderly men

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External or Internal Attention for Vertical Mass Displacement

 

Mir Hamid Salehian1, Recep Gursoy2, Elhan Şen2, Mohsen Shir Mohammad Zadeh

 

  1. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

  2. Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ataturk university, Erzurum, Turkey

  3. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Azarbayjan Shahid Madani University, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two different kind of attentional focus (internal and external) on trunk vertical displacement in university male basketball beginners. Thirty male students were chosen voluntarily with no knowledge of basketball and matched in 2 groups: Internal (focus on the ball) and External (focus on the basket). Following the ten practice sessions and after a day of rest a retention test was conducted for each group. Data were analyzed by independent T test. By analyzing the proposed hypotheses at the P≤0.05 showed the superiority of external focus than internal one on trunk vertical displacement.

[Mir Hamid Salehian, Recep Gursoy, Elhan Şen, Mohsen Shir Mohammad Zadeh. External or Internal Attention for Vertical Mass Displacement. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3669-3672]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 544

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.544

 

Key words: external attention, internal attention, displacement

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Prevalence of House Dust Mites in Two Levels of Dorms (Hotel and Motel) of Jaddah District Western Saudi Arabia

 

Nada Othman Edrees

 

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, king Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. nada.algalb@hotmail.com; nedrees@kau.edu.sa; dr_nada_edrees2006@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was designed to test the null hypothesis that the different level of the dorms has a real effect on the quantitative and qualitative existence of the house dust mites (HDM). Also to determine the most important factors that control the distribution and colonization of HDM. The study was conducted at Jeddah city western Saudi Arabia. 12 dorms were tested; 6 hotels and 6 motels. The samples were collected twice a month along three months (Dec, Jan., Feb. 2009). Mites were separated using modified Berleses tunnel. Ten species of HDM were extracted from studied dwellings. The mite assembelage in motels was dominated by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (23.7%). In hotels to the mite collection was co-dominated by D. pteronyssinus (27.6 %) and D. farinae (21.8 %). The mean total individuals in motels was 5012 individuals per 50 grams of dust in correspond to 2149 individuals per 50 grams of dust in the hotels. Up to 66.6% of the motels had a population of more than 100 individuals per 1 gram of dust, however non of the studied hotels embraced more than 50 individuals per 1 gram of dust. In conclusion the level of the dorms had a clear effect on the quantitative existence of HDM, but a qualitative effect can not be identified. Also, it was speculated that the most frequent cleaning as well as density and economic status of residents were the main factors matched with a direct impact on the mite contamination rate of the dorms.

[Nada Othman Edrees. Prevalence of House Dust Mites in Two Levels of Dorms (Hotel and Motel) of Jaddah District Western Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3673-3683]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 545

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.545

 

Keywords: null hypothesis; house dust mites (HDM); Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; dorm; mite assembelage; population

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An improved Artificial Neural Network based model for Prediction of Late Onset Heart Failure

 

Nader Salari1, 2, Shamarina Shohaimi1, Farid Najafi2, Meenakshii Nallappan1,

Isthrinayagy Karishnarajah3

 

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Corresponding Author E-mail: nader.salari.1344@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Background and Objective: The present study aims to present an artificial neural network (ANN)-based model for prediction of Late Onset Heart Failure (LOHF) in patients, with no previous Heart Failure (HF) history, who experienced non-fatal, first-ever Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) without previous history of heart failure. Methods: Two models of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network approaches based on decision support system were developed. The MLP model was used to optimize the predicting algorithm based on the conjugate gradients descent method. To design the RBF network, K-Means clustering technique was used to select the centers of RBFs, and k-nearest neighbourhood to define the spread and forward selection for determining the optimum number of RBFs. To assess the generalization of the network, K-fold cross-validation test was used. A total of 3,109 medical records containing 19 main clinical parameters were used to train and test the networks. Results: The findings indicate a reliable performance of the proposed system. The MLP based model yields a sensitivity, specificity, and an area under the receiver/relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 87.1%, 90%, and 0.887 ± 0.02, respectively. However, the RBF network shows the above parameters as 84.4%, 94.3%, and 0.905 ± 0.017, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed intelligence system achieved a high degree of diagnostic accuracy (92.9% for MLP and 93.7% for RBF) indicating its high efficiency for clinical diagnosis of LOHF.

 [Nader Salari, Shamarina Shohaimi, Farid Najafi, Meenakshii Nallappan, Isthrinayagy Karishnarajah.. An improved Artificial Neural Network based model for Prediction of Late Onset Heart Failure. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3684-3689]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 546

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.546

 

Keywords: Heart failure, late-onset heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, artificial neural network, multilayer perceptron, radial basis function.

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A Trail of Using Green Tea for Competing Toxicity of Acrylamide on Liver Function

 

Thanaa A. El- Kholy*, Nahlaa A. Khalifa, A.K. Alghamidi, and Arwa M. Badereldin

 

Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, king Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. *telkholy@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Acrylamide (AA) is neurotoxic to experimental animals and humans. Also, it has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of green tea extract on liver function test in male rats received different doses of acrylamide. Animals were assigned at random to six groups: group 1 served as control, while groups 2, 3 were received 7, 14 mg/100g B.W /day of acrylamide, respectively in drinking water for 15 and 30 days. Group 4 received green tea 1.5% concentration and groups 5, 6 received 7, 14 mg/100 g B.W /day of acrylamide in a combination with green tea for 15 and 30 days. Aspartate amintransferase (AST), and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphates (ALP), significantly increased whereas cholinesterase activity declined significantly in rats received AA in both concentrations and time in comparison with the control. However, the values of cholinesterase activity decreased when rats received green tea alone or in combination with AA.

[Thanaa A. El- Kholy, Nahlaa A. Khalifa, A.K. Alghamidi, and Arwa M. Badereldin. A Trail of Using Green Tea for Competing Toxicity of Acrylamide on Liver Function. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3690-3695]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 547

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.547

 

Key words: Acrylamide – Cholinesterase- Aspartate amintransferase (AST) - Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - alkaline phosphates (ALP) - Green tea.

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Helicobacter pylori infection and serum homocysteine in hemodialysis patient

 

Mahmoud Rafiean-Kopaei¹, Azar Baradaran¹, Ahmad-Reza Maghsoudi2, Shamin Ghobadi2 and Hamid Nasri²*

¹Medical Plants Research Center, ²Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Professor Hamid Nasri, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email:hamidnasri@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a factor that is found to be responsible for the development of atherosclerosis in the setting of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection. In the recent years, homocysteine (Hcy) has been demonstrated to be an important contributor to atherosclerosis. This study was undertaken to elucidate whether in patients with uremia on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), the infection of H. pylori affects the levels of Hcy. The patients were 39 HD ones with mean ages of 46±18 years. The time of hemodialysis were 30± (35) months (median: 18 months). The value of serum Hcy of all patients was 5 (±2) µmol/L (median: 4.5 µmol/L). The value of serum H. Pylori specific IgG antibody titers was 7.6 (±9.9) u/ml (median: 2 u/ml). In this study a positive correlation was found between serum homocysteine and H. Pylori infection. As elevation of serum Hcy is observed in the great majority (>85%) of patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, further research is needed to determine the importance of association between elevated serum homocysteine and H. Pylori infection. Furthermore, whether or not the treatment of H. pylori infection in HD patients can diminish serum homocysteine level should be elucidated.

 [Mahmoud Rafiean-Kopaei, Azar Baradaran, Ahmad-Reza Maghsoudi, Shamin Ghobadi and Hamid Nasri. Helicobacter pylori infection and serum homocysteine in hemodialysis patient. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3696-3702]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 548

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.548

 

Key words: Hemodialysis, Homocysteine, Helicobacter pylori, Renal failure

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Study and an investigatior of Ternpresture inversion and effective factors in pollution of Tehran with the use of climate statistical analysis and GIS

 

Azadeh arbabi sabzevari1 and AliReza Jalalzaie2

 

Faculty member of Geography Department Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch,

arbabi@iiau.ac.ir

 2Department of Geography, Zahedan, Islamic Azad university, Zahedan, Iran.

 Email: alijalalzaei@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: atmospheric sustainability resulting from temperature inversion is one of the most important reasons for escalation of potential air pollution in big cities in particular Tehran. Therefore inversion is one of the basic factors in studying the pollution of Tehran. Tehran being surrounded in an arch-shaped space of western and south eastern currents doesn't have an effective refining quality, and thus Tehran's weather is still and static and consequently this situation Leads to dangerous phenomena called temperature inversion. In this study, firstly the statistics of Tehran's inversion during months of fall and spring season were provided on a daily basis from 2006 to 2009 for a statistical period using meteorology organization's data.In order to classify the pressure, we used operative analysis. The results show that, the temperature inversion. Was ongoing in Tehran at the time the research was being done in all the seasons of the same year in which the most largest circumference of temperature inversion was seen in fall and winter and the most largest circumference was seen in November an January.Also, among the patterns related to the simeltanous mass. Above Iran's north east (above Aral lake) as well as the north west and east of turkey, the pattern related to high pressur zagros had the most intense stability compare to the rest of the other systems and normally out of these systems Siberia's high pressur stability has been greater compare to other systems and when it accompanies the high-pressure part of Iran it's intensity gets greater.

[Azadeh arbabi sabzevari and AliReza Jalalzaie. Study and an investigatior of Ternpresture inversion and effective factors in pollution of Tehran with the use of climate statistical analysis and GIS. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3703-3709]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 549

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.549

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Postmodern Truth in William Faulkner's "Absalom, Absalom!"

 

Nahid Sharifi1, H. R. Rezayee2 and *Kh. Mohamadpour3

 

1Department of English Literature, Payame-Nour University, Iran

3Department of Persian Literature, Payame-Nour University, Iran

 *Corresponding author: Kh. Mohamadpour; Email: nmohamadpour@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, the researcher has attempted to evaluate William Faulkner's salient novel; "Absalom, Absalom!" in the light of Postmodern approach towards Truth. One of the assumptions, shared amongst critics and writersof postmodern worldview is pluralityand temporality of truth. By examining this representative novel, it can be said that the Faulknerian text, sometimes denies that it possesses authority to guide readers toward any real truth and since the self- recognition has been resulted in truth as it is shown through the process of narrations in the novel, it would be said that multiplicity of selves or voices results in the plurality of truths that leads us to the postmodern view of truth. In fact, the narrator does not show himself as holding authority to bring out one absolute truth (meta narrative), but the narrator allows other voices to discover their own truths in a democratic condition.Hence, all of the tellers in the novel speak some of the truth, or some truth. Therefore, it is concluded that through the invocation of postmodern narratives, Faulkner's postmodern attitude towards “Truth” in his novel makes his aesthetic philosophy close to postmodern ideas of multiplicity of truth.

 [Nahid Sharifi, H. R. Rezayee and Kh. Mohamadpour. Postmodern Truth in William Faulkner's "Absalom, Absalom!". Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3710-3714]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 550

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.550

 

Keywords: Postmodernism; Truth; Modernism; Multiplicity; Absalom, Absalom

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Fundamental Elements of Fraud Crime in Criminal Law of Iran and France

 

Ishmael Namvar1, Mohammadtaher Eslami2 & Hussein Miri3

 

1. Master's degree in criminal law criminology Email: Esmail.Namvar@yahoo.com

2. Lecturer of Imam Hussein University and Gorgan Payame Noor University Email:mohammadtaher.eslami.@yahoo.com

3. PHD student of International Law in Payame Noor University and the Lecturer of Gorgan Payame Noor University

Email: miri_hosein@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Fraud is among the crimes against properties and ownership and it is considered as one of the important subjects of criminal law in Iran and France. This Crime can be beriefly defined as achieving other's properties using fraudulent tools. The legal pillar of this crime in criminal law of Iran is the article 1 from the law of enhancement of punishment for perpetrators of embezzlement, bribery and fraud approved by Expediency Discernment Council of the System on December 6, 1988 (15th of Azar, 1367). As to the criminal law of France, it is the 313-1 article of the French Criminal Law. There is particular evolution in French Criminal Law about the admission of loss as an independent element. Nevertheless the property consignment by the loser due to delusion is treated equal to a loss by French jurists; on the other hand, the usufruct of the fraud perpetrator is not required for the realization of fraud which can bring about the particular difference with the criminal law of Iran on financial and moral elements of fraud.

 [Ishmael Namvar, Mohammadtaher Eslami & Hussein Miri. Fundamental Elements of Fraud Crime in Criminal Law of Iran and France. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3715-3721]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 551

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.551

 

Keywords: fraud, maneuver, property, delusion, consignment.

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 The Effect of Dignity Therapy on Hope Level in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

Vaghee S.1, Rabbani Javadi A. *2, Mazlom S.R.3, Davoudi N.4, Modares Gharavi M5. And Zare M.6

 

1. M.Sc. in Nursing, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2. M.Sc. Student in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3. Ph.D. in Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4. M.Sc. in Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Ph.D. student in nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

5. Assistant professor of clinical psychology, psychiatry and Behavioral Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran

6- M.Sc. in Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Akram Rabbani Javadi, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-e Sina Street, Mashhad, Iran.

Email: RabbaniJA1@mums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Diseases such as chronic renal failure, lead to the hope level decrement by impairing the patient’s health and limiting the conditions. Hope level increment can change the patient’s view of the life and illness. Dignity therapy is a unique and short therapeutic approach, designed to decrease suffering, enhance the quality of life and bolster a sense of dignity for patients who are suffering from life-threatening or life-limiting illnesses. This study examines the impact of dignity therapy on hope level in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.This is a two-group experimental research with pre test – post test design, which was studied on selected hospitals of Mashhad. Seventy four patients with chronic renal failure, undergoing hemodialysis were involved in the study after obtaining informed consent. They were randomly assigned in two groups; 36 patients of even days were chosen as the intervention group and 34 patients of the odd days assumed to be the control group. In the intervention group, dignity therapy has been done in two 45-60 minutes sessions. The patient’s words have been tape recorded, written, edited, and finally the "generativity document" created and has been shared with the patient's intimates. Hope level of patients studied before and 1month after the intervention by the Herth's hope index questionnaire and the collected data has been analyzed by SPSS software (Version 11.5); in which, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test were applied in the analysis.Although, there was no significant differences in mean score of hope before the intervention between the two groups (p=0.832), one month after dignity therapy the mean score of hope for intervention group (34.1±2.6) and control group (32.4±3.90) revealed a significant statistical differences (p=0.038). Also, comparing the mean score of hope in intervention group in the pre test (32.2±3.22), and post test (34.1±2.6), represented a significant statistical difference (p=0.000), while this change in control group was not significant (p=0.188).Dignity therapy increases the hope level in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, by planning and performing such interventions the hope level in chronic renal failure patients can be increased.

[Vaghee S., Rabbani Javadi A., Mazlom S.R., Davoudi N., Modares Gharavi M. and Zare M. The Effect of Dignity Therapy on Hope Level in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3722-3727]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 552

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.552

 

Keyword: Dignity therapy, chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, hope

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Evaluation and comparison of identity style scales and Mental Health in Indian and Iranian Adolescents Males.

 

Hakimeh Aghaei 1*, Waheeda Khan2, Ahmad Reza Baghestani3

 

1Department of Education Sciences, Payam Noor Shahr Rey University, Shahr Rey,Iran

2Department of social Science, Jamia MIllia Islamia university, Delhi,India

3Department of Engineering, South of Teheran, Islamic Azad University

ha.aghae@gmail.com

 

Abstract: From the early centuries, Adolescence is mentioned as a period of challenges and opportunities for understanding oneself within the social context. A well-known note from more than 100 years ago describing adolescence as “storm and stress), is still addressed by psychologists. Adolescence is typically divided into three periods: early adolescence (ages 13-14), middle adolescence (ages15-18) and late adolescence (age 19 to adoption of adult roles), this research has been studied as a case study on Indian and Iranian teenager boys which considers some of their characteristics such as anxiety, identity and mental health, which describe these three characteristic and give information about them. Available scheme is a survey on mental health, anxiety and identity observation and also it’s attributes in Iranian and Indian teenager boys that this order has comparatively accomplished. A used tool had been Berzonsky’s identity questioner and has been applied by using variance analysis and T test in comparison with effective significance and insignificance parameters toward people’s identity. Identity style is characteristic of an individual who at identity formation passively accepts models, is conscientious and concentrated on the aim. The individual adapts his behavior to norms and expectations of others, so he is oriented conformal. Result indicates that this statistical society‘s culture, gender, depression, anxiety,normative identity,number of siblings and their residency and also positive correlation between diffuse identity and thought problem would have effect on them.

[ Hakimeh Aghaei, Waheeda Khan, Ahmad Reza Baghestani. Evaluation and comparison identity style scales and Mental Health in Indian and Iranian Adolescents Males. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):3728-3734] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 553

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.553

 

Keywords: Identity style, Mental Health, Male Adolescents

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An Analysis of Relationship Between Human Capital and Economic Growth

 

1Idris Jajri, 2Rahmah Ismail

 

1University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

ibjajri@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: Human capital in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without substantial investment in human capital. The relationship between economic growth and human capital has been long recognized. Many studies especially in Western economies have shown that human capital has a positive impact on economic growth. However, economic growth also has a strong effect on human capital outcomes, both through private expenditures and government programs. Thus, higher incomes facilitate the achievement of other crucial human development objectives; it also has an indirect effect on human development. In Malaysia, human capital investment is becoming an important aspect of the development agenda for which a large percentage of its expenditure is being allocated. This study attempts to analyze the relationship between human capital and economic growth in Malaysia using an augmented aggregate production function growth model, we apply the bounds testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration which is more appropriate for estimation in small sample studies. Human capital is represented by life expectancy at birth and public expenditure on education, while economic growth is measured using real gross domestic product. The data used for the analysis are gathered from various government agencies and world reports and the coverage is from 1980 to 2009. The study reveals that the traditional inputs i.e capital and labour are statistically significant in both the long-run and the short-run, having positive effects on economic growth in Malaysia. Government expenditure on education is only significant at 12.6 per cent level, while life expectancy is significant at 16.1 per cent. In other words, economic growth in Malaysia is very much input-driven i.e. by adding more and more resources into the same production function. Such growth is hard work and by the law of diminishing returns, cannot be sustained indefinitely. A large budget allocated to education does not translate into improvement in the quality of workforce and production process, innovation and technological advancement. Empirical results in this paper suggest that Malaysian education system must produce more efficient workforce to increase the contribution of human capital to its economic growth. A large budget allocation to education sector must be utilized optimally through providing education that tailored to the nation’s need. Further human capital investment in the labour market is also needed to produce skilled workers. This argument is further strengthened when we look at the objective for improving human capital which is not merely to achieve a high level of economic growth but also to fulfill social needs.

[Idris Jajri, Rahmah Ismail. An Analysis of Relationship Between Human Capital and Economic Growth. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3735-3742] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 554

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.554

 

Keywords: Human Capital; Economic Growth; Cointegration; and Government Expenditure on Education

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Prevalence of Breast Cancer in East-Azerbaijan of Iran

 

Sajjad Ahmadi1, Seyed Hesam Rahmani1, Alireza Moghbel2, Sepehr Taghizadeh3, Hamidreza Morteza Beigi4, Ali Zadimani5, Seydeh Ramona Razavi6, Homa Fatorachi7

 

1. Specialist of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Assistant Professor of Infectious Disease, Infectious Diseases and Tropical medicine research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4. Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

5. Department of Internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

6. Tabriz Health Center, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

7. Emergency Ward of Shohada Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

research_team_iran@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide with about 7.6 million deaths in 2008. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women and the most common cause of cancer death. This study is a mammographic screening study on 1000 women who came to a radiology center in Tabriz at 2010. The screening technique included physical examination of breasts by an experienced physician before taking mammograms and then mammography in two standard views.1000 women between ages 40-77 years old and without any clinical symptoms was evaluated. Malignant mass or nodule: 13 cases, Benign mass or nodule: 34 cases, Benign calcified nodule: 10 cases, Fatty breast: 6 cases and Ductal ectasia: 1 case. Association between malignancy signs in mammography and positive clinical findings doesn’t have statistical significance (P=0.405) and association between benign signs in mammography and clinical findings doesn’t also have statistical significance (P=0.692). varying in prevalence of breast cancer in different studies suggests that many factors more than those we think about them as same as: ages, family history, first pregnancy, menarche age, gravity, breast-feeding have rules in breast cancer prevalence and these should will be studying in anthers analytic studies to know about these factors and ways to decrease them and ultimately breast cancer mortality.

[Sajjad Ahmadi, Seyed Hesam Rahmani, Alireza Moghbel, Sepehr Taghizadeh, Hamidreza Morteza Beigi, Ali Zadimani, Seydeh Ramona Razavi, Homa Fatorachi. Prevalence of Breast Cancer in East-Azerbaijan of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3743-3746] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 555

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.555

 

Keywords: Cancer; Breast; Mammography; Screening

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Potential Therapeutic Effects of some Egyptian Plant Parts on Hepatic Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats

 

Mohamed El-Sayed; Fatma El- Sherif; Yousif Elhassaneen* and Abeer Abd El-Rahman

 

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Minoufiya University

 Shebin El-kom, Egypt

*Corresponding author Email: yousif12@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: This study was conduced to investigate the effect of some Egyptian herbs on impaired liver function of rats injected with Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). Seventy mature albino rats, weighting 150-160g per each, were used and divided into 12 equal groups, one was kept as a control-ve group, while the other groups were injected subcutaneous (s/c) by CCl4 in paraffin oil 50% v/v (2 ml/kg B.W.), twice a week for tow weeks. The tested herbs were given as a percent of 5% and10% from the Basel diet. Serum liver function (GOT, GPT, ALK) total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and histopathological changes of liver were examined. The results indicated that rats treated with CCl4 recorded significantly increasing in the activity levels of all biomarker liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and SALP) and decreasing in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and bilirubin with significant values when compared with the control group after the experiment period, 2 weeks. Addition of tested plant parts such Henada (Jasonia Montana), lemon balm leaves (Melissa officinalis), hawthorn leaves (Crataegus azorolus), rose of jericho (Anastatica hierochuntica) and corn cob silk (zea mayz) by 5 and 10% of the diet intake in the presence of CCl4 induced significant improvements in all liver functions. Also, CCl4 treated group had histopathological changes on liver through degeneration hyperemia, inflammatory reaction. The post-treatment of tested plant parts with CCl4 leads to prevent some of the previous histopathological changes. It could be concluded that the tested plant parts were effective in protecting against CCl4 -induced adverse liver functions and its histopathological changes. These results supported our hypothesis that the tested plant parts contain several compounds that are able to prevent or inhibit CCl4 toxicity. Therefore, we recommended those tested plant parts by a moderate amount to be included in our daily diets and drinks.

 [Mohamed El-Sayed; Fatma El-Sherif; Yousif Elhassaneen and Abeer Abd El-Rahman. Potential Therapeutic Effects of some Egyptian Plant Parts on Hepatic Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3747-3755]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 556

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.556

 

Key words: liver functions, bilirubin, albumin, histopathological changes.

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On a Subclass of Analytic Functions Related with Janowski Functions

 

Muhammad Arif1, Saima Mustafa2, Khalid Khan3

 

1Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan

2Department of Mathematics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

3Department of Science and Information Technology Govt; KPK, Peshawar, Pakistan

marifmaths@hotmail.com (M. Arif), saimamustafa28@gmail.com (S. Mustafa), khalidsa02@gmail.com (K. Khan)

 

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce a subclass of analytic functions by using the well-known Hadamard product along with Janowski functions. Some inclusion results, radius of univalence and other interesting properties of this class are discussed.

[Arif M, Mustafa S and Khan K. On a Subclass of Analytic Functions Related with Janowski Functions. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3756-3762] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 557

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.557

 

Key Words: Convolution, Carlson and Shaffer operator, close-to-convex functions.

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558

Agility reaching in governmental organizations and their achievements

 

Najmeh Izadpanah, Ali Yaghoubipoor

 

Department of Management, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran

yaghoubipoor@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Changes will lead the organizations to the new challenges which the lack of attention to them will threaten the survival and success of manufacturing organizations increasingly. Because of this vital situation, most of the organizations have reviewed their business priorities and strategic perspectives and emphasized on the consistency with changes of business environment and the rapid response to the market and client needs through the new methods of cooperation. In order to respond to these challenges of business, the organization have chosen a new approach entitled the agility. Agile manufacturing has been defined as the ability to survive and thrive in a highly competitive environment with continuous and unpredictable changes by a quick and an effective response to the changes and also creating the products and services based on the customer demand. In this article, first the historical trends and circumstances, which have led to the emergence of agile manufacturing, have been studied and then the qualifications and abilities needed for the agility and also the agility providers in the organizations have been described.

[Najmeh Izadpanah, Ali Yaghoubipoor. Agility reaching in governmental organizations and their achievements. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3763-3769] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 558

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.558

 

Keywords: Organizational agility; agile organizations; performance; continuous improvement; customer satisfactory

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Some sufficient conditions for spirallike functions with argument properties

 

Muhammad Arif[1], Mohsan Raza2, Saeed Islam1, Javed Iqbal1, Faiz Faizullah3

 

1Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

2Department of Mathematics, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

3College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (EME), National University of Sciences

and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.

marifmaths@hotmail.com (M. Arif), mohsan976@yahoo.com (M. Raza), proud_pak@hotmail.com (S. Islam)

javedmath@yahoo.com (J. Iqbal), faiz_math@yahoo.com (F. Faizullah)

 

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to establish certain sufficient conditions for some subclasses of analytic functions using argument properties. Some applications of our work to the generalized Alexander integral operator is also given.

[Arif M, Raza M, Islam S, Iqbal J and Faiz F. Some sufficient conditions for spirallike functions with argument properties. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3770-3773] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 559

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.559

 

Key Words: Spiral-like functions, Robertson functions, integral operator

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Comparative Studies on the Effect of Aflatoxins Types on the Immunization of OneDayOld Broiler Chicks Simultaneously Vaccinated Against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Disease

 

AL Hussien, M.Dahshan1, Hussein, A.S.2 and Ahmed A. Mohamed Ali1

 

1Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt.

2Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.

ahmadrahini@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was done to investigate the effect of the ingestion of contaminated feed with Aflatoxins types which produced with different types of fungus on the immunoresponse of one-day old broiler chicks to attenuated live virus vaccines for Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis disease (IB) to non Aflatoxins treated groups.Concurrent exposure of chickens to 400 parts per billion (ppb) aflatoxin previously prepared from Aspergillus parasiticus, NRRL 2899, as a potent aflatoxigenic strain, and to 10 parts per million (ppm) Aflatoxins previously prepared from Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357 as they were the most common types of fungus can produce Aflatoxins in feed and vaccination against ND, IB resulted in lack of adequate protection against subsequent experimental challenge, as assessed by antibody responses compared to chickens fed aflatoxin free ration which determined by the ELISA test. The performance parameters include food consumption, body weight, food utilization, mortality and liver pathology. Conclusions: The mortalities were higher in chickens fed 400 ppb of Aflatoxins from Aspergillus parasiticus than in the chickens fed on 10 ppm aflatoxin from Aspergillus flavus during the challenge test against NDV and IBV as the low levels of protective antibodies due to their immunosuppressions effect.

[AL Hussien, M.Dahshan, A. S. Hussienand Ahmed A. Mohamed Ali. Comparative Studies on the Effect of Aflatoxins Types on the Immunization of OneDayOld Broiler Chicks Simultaneously Vaccinated Against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Disease. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3774-3782]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 560

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.560

 

Key words: Aflatoxins, failure of vaccination and immune response against ND, IB, decrease in rate gain and body weight

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Differences in heart rate variability parameters before and after kidney transplantation in patients with renal failure

 

Fariborz Akbarzadeh1, Javid Safa2, Mohammad Sohrabi3, Samad Ghaffari4

 

1- Associate professor of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Associate professor of Nephrology, Chronic renal disease center, Imam Reza hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran..

3- Cardiology Resident, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4- Professor of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

F_akbarzadeh@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Heart Rate Variability(HRV) is defined as R-R interval changes over time and is used in assessment of sympathetic and Vagal nerve effects on sinus node and thus on the heart rate. It has been seen that HRV abnormalities is reversible after normalization of renal function in kidney transplantation even in patients with long term dialysis, the kidney transplantation had normalized the HRV. Methods: In a cross–sectional and analytical study, we evaluated the HRV changes before and after kidney transplantation in 20 patients with chronic renal failure after, changes in HRV 20 patients with chronic renal failure after achieving the inclusion criteria. The patients were followed for 6 months and the results were assessed for HRV changes and other paraclinical factors. Results: In total, 11(61.1%) of patients were male and 7 (38.9 %) were female. Mean age of patients was 42.7±25 which was in the range of 25-59 years. Between parameters of HRV in patients, only the increase in the VLF and ULF was significant which had a statistically meaningful changes in comparison with the pre transplantation period (P=0.05, P=0.01). The changes in the other parameters were not statistically significant. Conclusion: With regard to the findings of this study we can defend the theory of inhibited HRV return in hemodialysis patients after the kidney transplantation, but there is need for studies with more cases to prove and confirm this theory.

[Akbarzadeh F, Safa J, Sohrabi M, Ghaffari S. Differences in heart rate variability parameters before and after kidney transplantation in patients with renal failure. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3783-3786] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 561

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.561

 

Keywords: Chronic renal failure; Heart rate variability; Kidney transplantation

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Association between hormone replacement therapy and occurrence of breast cancer

 

Seyed Hesam Rahmani1, Sajjad Ahmadi1, Alireza Moghbel2, Nazli Navali 3, Hossein Khodaverdi Zadeh4

 

1. Specialist of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Assistant professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4. Emergency medicine assistant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

navalin@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Using hormone replacement therapy for relieving menopausal symptoms and also for preventing some diseases such as hip fractures had led to a widespread use of it in postmenopausal women but there is a concern about risks of breast cancer occurrence using HRT. In this study, 1000 women older than 40 years old without any clinical symptoms were selected. They were referred to a radiology center for a screening mammography. By using a questionnaire the information about using HRT was gathered. 16.7% of cases were using HRT and 83.3% had no history of using HRT. Among 1000 cases, 13 mammograms had signs of malignancy. In these cases 7.7% was using HRT and 92.3% didn't have any history of using HRT. It was concluded that there isn't any statistically significant association between the development of breast cancer and using HRT (P=0.604).

[Rahmani SH, Ahmadi S, Moghbel A, Navali N, Khodaverdi Zadeh H. Association between hormone replacement therapy and occurrence of breast cancer. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3787-3789] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 562

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.562

 

Keywords: HRT; Breast Cancer; Mammography

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Efficiency of Action Potential Simulation (APS) therapy in compare to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in knee osteoarthritis

 

Vahideh Toopchizadeh, Arash Babaei-Ghazani, Bina Eftekhar Sadat

 

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

binasadat@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: The knee joint osteoarthritis is one of the most important causes of musculoskeletal pains and disability. Beside the medical treatments, rehabilitation and physiotherapy has a major role in reducing the pain and improving the function of patients with knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the Action Potential Simulation (APS) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) modalities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods and Materials: In a clinical trial in the Physical medicine and rehabilitation department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences on 70 patients with knee joint osteoarthritis, we compared the two APS and TENS in patients with knee osteoarthritis and their effect on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index. Results: Over all, 5(7.1%) of patients was male and 65(92.9%) was female, the mean age of the patients was 57.1±7.7 years in the range of 50 to 85 years. The mean VAS score before the intervention was 7±1.9 in the APS group which was reduced to 4.5±1.9.the mean VAS score in the TENS groups was decreased from 6.8±1.2 to 4.6±1.9 which there was significant difference for two groups (p<0.001). The overall changes in the total score of the WOMAC and Timed up and go test before and after the treatment was significant in both groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: With regard to the findings of our study we can conclude that both APS and TENS modalities are effective in the pain relief and improving the functions of knee joints in the patients with knee osteoarthritis and they have no benefits to each other.

[Toopchizadeh V, Babaei-Ghazani A, Eftekhar Sadat B. Efficiency of Action Potential Simulation (APS) therapy in compare to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in knee osteoarthritis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3790-3794] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 563

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.563

 

Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis; Action Potential Simulation; Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

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Association between the type of child delivery and occurrence of breast cancer

 

Sajjad Ahmadi1, Seyed Hesam Rahmani1, Alireza Moghbel2, Nazli Navali 3, Shabnam Vazifekhah3

 

1. Specialist of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2. General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

navalin@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: To explore the risk of breast cancer in relation to the type of child delivery we tested whether a type of delivery carries a high risk of breast cancer. This factor doesn't study earlier as we know. 1000 healthy women who were sent to one radiology center for general check-up or for initiating or continuing hormone-replacement therapy were selected. They were given a questionnaire about the type of prior child deliveries and also examined by an experienced physician to look for any signs of breast cancer. Screening mammography was performed in two standard views (craniocaudal and oblique mediolateral view). Among the mothers 19.39% had vaginal delivery and 80.61% had delivered by cesarean section. Among the women who had vagina delivery 93.6% had normal mammogram and 1.3% of them had malignancy and 3.2% had a benign breast nodule. P value for the association between the type of delivery and breast cancer was 0.617, which doesn’t have any statistical significance. In this study, we concluded that the type of child delivery doesn’t influence the risk of breast cancer in mothers.

[Ahmadi S, Rahmani SH, Moghbel A, Navali N, Vazifekhah SH. Association between the type of child delivery and occurrence of breast cancer. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3795-3797] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 564

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.564

 

Keywords: Breast Cancer; Type of Delivery; Mammography

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The Effect of Pre-Operative Preparation Program and Mothers Presence during Induction on Anxiety Level and Behavior Change in Young Children Undergoing Elective Surgery

 

Amal G. sabaq1 and Samah El-Awady2

 

1Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Benha University

2Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University

awadysss@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Perioperative anxiety is a complex combination of fear, apprehension and worry often accompanied by physical sensations. Preoperative preparation programs allow reduce anxiety, it is effective and can prevent many behavioral and physiologic manifestations of anxiety as well. The study aimed to evaluate The effect of pre-operative preparation program and mothers presence during induction on anxiety level and behavior change in young children undergoing elective surgery. This study was carried out in the Pediatric Surgery department at new surgical hospital affiliated to the Zagazig University hospital. A quasi- experimental design was used in this study. The total number of children undergoing elective surgery (appendectomy and herniorrhapy) throughout the year of 2011 were 153. Only 120 child accompanied his/her mother who agree to participate in this study. The participants were randomly and equally assigned by the researchers into two group; study and control group. Data were collected using Speilberger state anxiety inventories to assess the level of children and mothers anxiety, Post Hospitalization Behavioral Questionnaire to assess post- operative behaviors change of children and induction compliance checklist to assess children compliance during induction of anesthesia. The finding of the study indicated that the mean of the state anxiety scores of children in study and control groups before intervention were 45.16±3.18 and 45.23±3,19, after intervention 36.63±2.18 and 44.8±3.18 respectively. The state anxiety score was lower significantly in the study group prior to surgery than in the control group (P=0.001). While, The mean and standard deviation of the state anxiety scores of mothers in study and control groups before intervention were 41.8±3.11 and 42.23±3,12, after intervention 36.8±2.19 and 43.8±3.17 respectively. The state anxiety score was lower significantly in the study group prior to surgery than in the control group (P=0.01). The compliance of the children were significantly higher during the induction of anesthesia in the study group as compared with the control groups (65% vs 33.%, p = 0.001). Additionally, there was significant differences in the improvement of postoperative eating behaviors and decreased sleeping problems among the study group. It is recommended that The nursing personnel should take the preoperative therapeutic play intervention as a duty and regard it as a role in doing the nursing practices in order to give the children the psychological care beside the routine physical care. Moreover, they should enhance the development of communication skills and coping abilities of children that help in reducing their anxiety.

[Amal G. sabaq and Samah El-Awady. The Effect of Pre-Operative Preparation Program and Mothers Presence during Induction on Anxiety Level and Behavior Change in Young Children Undergoing Elective Surgery. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3798-3807]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 565

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.565

 

Key words: preoperative anxiety and therapeutic play

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A proposed image processing framework to support Early liver Cancer Diagnosis

 

Aymn E.Khedr1 and Abd El-Ghany A. M. Mohmed2

 

1Information system Department, Faculty of Computers and Information Helwan University, Egypt

2Faculty of Science, Helwan university, Egypt

Ayman_Khed@Helwan.edu.eg, Aghany72@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Image recognition mining deals with the extraction of image patterns from a large collection of images stored in particular multimedia databases. Image mining is different from low-level computer vision and image processing techniques because the focus of image mining is in extraction of patterns from large collection of images, whereas the focus of computer vision and image processing techniques is in understanding and/or extracting specific features from a single image. Although there looks like to be some overlaps between image mining and content-based retrieval (both are dealing with large collection of images), image mining goes beyond the problem of retrieving relevant images. In image mining, the aim is the discovery of image patterns that are considerable in a given collection of images. Medical images include huge amount of unseen information that exploited by physicians in making reasoned decisions about a patient. However, extracting this relevant hidden information is a critical first step to their use. For this reason we use data mining techniques for efficient knowledge extraction. The dual reading (reading by two physicians or radiologists) of liver x-ray improved the accuracy rate, but at high costs. According to the fact that the medical domain involves high accuracy and particularly the rate of false negatives are very low. The computer diagnosis systems are necessary to support the medical staff to achieve high capability and effectiveness. This is the main reason for the development of classification systems to Diagnosing liver Cancer. The aims of this paper is pointed out as use some image mining techniques such as neural networks and association rule mining techniques to detection early liver Cancer using and helping physicians to decide an important decision on a particular patient state.

[Aymn E.Khedr and Abd El-Ghany A. M. Mohmed. A proposed image processing framework to support Early liver Cancer Diagnosis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3808-3813]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 566

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.566

 

Key words: Classification, medical imaging, association rule mining, neural networks, image mining, Image Recognition, Early Cancer Diagnosing.

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567

The impact of Perception of Organizational Collaborative climate on organizational commitment

 

Reza Yousofvand, Samad Ranjbar Ardakani

 

Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University, I.R.Iran

Department of Management, Payame Noor University, I.R. Iran

samadranjbarardakani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this study the relationship between the perception of organizational collaborative climate and organizational commitment has been investigated. Data gathered using questionnaire. The study samples were 322 employees of Fars province social welfare organization that were selected using proportionate categorical random sampling for further analysis. The study results showed that the relationship between perceptions of organizational collaborative climate and organizational commitment is significant. Also the relationship between the collaborative climate and dimensions of organizational commitment (normative, affective and continuance commitment) were significant.

[Reza Yousofvand, Samad Ranjbar Ardakani. The impact of Perception of Organizational Collaborative climate on organizational commitment. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3814-3815] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 567

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.567

 

Keywords: Organizational collaborative climate, organizational commitment, organizational climate, perceptions.

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Export Performance a Vital Indicator for Measuring Industry Competitiveness: Evidence from Pakistan Textile and Clothing Industry

 

Tahir Iqbala*, Nawar Khana

 

 aDepartment of Engineering Management, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Pakistan; *tahirse6393@gmail.com

 

Abstract - Federal Bureau of Statistics Pakistan is regularly collecting and maintaining data for exports for industrial sectors (textile, food and other manufacturing commodities) and Service Sector. Export performance is a vital indicator for measuring any industry competitiveness. Pakistan Textile and Clothing Export data from 2005-2006 – 2009-2010 was explored for competitive performance analysis. Sector was further divided into three categories low, medium and high based on their share. Performance was anlaysed using SPSS.19 and Microsoft Excel. It was found that Cotton Yarn, Knit-Wear and Towel had positive compound annual growth rate (CAGR), whereas, Cotton Cloth, Bed-Wear and Ready- Made Garment comprising of 50-60% of the group had negative CAGR. Poor performance were found to be due to low quality, less value added products, weak competitive intelligence, low product mix, lack of skills, weak marketing, high production cost, out dated technology, old manufacturing techniques, electricity and gas shortage and severe competition from China after its integration into World Trade Organizations (WTO) Structures on termination of post quota regime. To achieve sustainable competitiveness, foreign investment should be encouraged through making strategic alliances with major players by exploiting competitive advantage of raw material and low wage labour potential. Moreover, industry should be strengthen upstream and downstream through advancement in biotechnology, development of energy availability strategies, investment in technology, institutionalising workers skills, exploiting low labour cost, improve marketing, and transforming small and medium units into well-organized high quality, high value added, low cost competitive large units.

[Tahir Iqbal, Nawar Khan. Export performance a vital indicator for measuring industry competitiveness: Evidence from Pakistan Textile and Clothing Industry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3816-3822] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 568

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.568

 

Keywords: Export data exploration, Textile and clothing sector, Export performance, Competitiveness.

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Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method for the Approximate Solution of Generalized Burgers’ Huxley Equation

 

1Arshed Ali, 2Sajjad Ali, 2Muhammad Arif and 3Iltaf Hussain

 

1Department of Mathematics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

3Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat,

University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Mardan Campus), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

marifmaths@hotmail.com (M. Arif)

 

Abstract: In this paper, the approximate analytical solution of Generalized Burgers’-Huxley equations is obtained using Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method. Unlike homotopy perturbation and homotopy analysis methods this method is independent of the small parameter. Using this method one can easily handle the convergence of approximation series and adjustment of convergence regions when required. The method is effective, explicit and easy to implement. Approximate solution of Generalized Burgers’-Huxley equation, and its special cases Burgers’-Huxley equation and Huxley equation are considered using the present approach. The results show excellent accuracy and strength of the proposed method.

[Ali A, Ali S, Arif M and Hussain I. Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method for the Approximate Solution of Generalized Burgers’ Huxley Equation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3823-3828] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 569

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.569

 

Key words: Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). Generalized Burgers’Huxley equation.

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570

On a class of analytic functions defined by Ruscheweyh derivative

 

S. N. Malik1, M. Arif2, K. I. Noor3 and M. Raza1

 

1Department of Mathematics, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

2Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

3Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan

snmalik110@yahoo.com (S. N. Malik), marifmaths@hotmail.com (M. Arif),

khalidanoor@hotmail.com (K. I. Noor), mohsan976@yahoo.com (M. Raza)

 

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a class of analytic functions defined by using generalized janowski functions and Ruscheweyh derivative. The coefficient bound, inclusion result and a radius problem has been discussed in this paper. Several known results have been deducted from our main results as special cases by assigning particular values to the different parameters.

[Malik SN, Arif M, Noor KI and Raza M. On a class of analytic functions defined by Ruscheweyh derivative. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3829-3835] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 570

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.570

 

Key words: Analytic functions, Janowski functions, Ruscheweyh derivative, bounded boundary rotation, bounded radius rotation.

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Cognitive Function after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Prospective Study in Northern Iran

 

Afshin Gholipour Baradari 1, Abolfazl Firouzian 2, Rahman Ghafari 3, Aria Soleimani 4, Amir Emami Zeydi 5 Farzaneh Tabassomi 6, Masoomeh Hamidi 7

 

1. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

3. Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

4. Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

5. MSc in Critical Care Nursing, Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

6. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

7. Fatemeh Zahra Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Corresponding author: Dr. Abolfazl Firouzian

Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Email: research9090@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Neurocognitive dysfunction is still considered as a well-recognized complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Cognitive decline after cardiac surgery is frequent. However, its reported incidence varies widely. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive function of patients after CABG surgery in Mazandaran Heart Center, Sari, northern Iran. In a cross-sectional study from September 2011 to April 2012, a total of 161 consecutive cases of elective CABG at Mazandaran Heart Center were included. Cognitive brain function of eligible individuals was evaluated by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) before CABG and at 10-day and 2-month follow-up. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation test, and linear regression analysis. Out of 161 patients, 98 were male (60.9 %) and 63 were female (39.1%). The mean age of patients was 58.83 ± 8.02 years. The mean total scores of MMSE before CABG surgery and 10 and 60 days after it were 25.42, 24.89, and 25.48 respectively (P < 0.001). Scores of two areas of cognitive function, i.e. orientation (at 10 days and 2 months after surgery) and language-praxis (at 10 days after surgery) decreased significantly in patients (P < 0.05). MMSE scores 10 days after CABG surgery were significantly related with age and blood transfusion (P < 0.05). This study highlighted the incidence of early (10 days after surgery) cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing CABG surgery. It also suggested cognitive function to be correlated with age and blood transfusion. Therefore, interventions for prevention or reduction of this complication after CABG are warranted.

[Afshin Gholipour Baradari, Abolfazl Firouzian, Rahman Ghafari, Aria Soleimani, Amir Emami Zeydi, Farzaneh Tabassomi, Masoomeh Hamidi. Cognitive Function after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Prospective Study in Northern Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3836-3840] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 571

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.571

 

Keywords: Cognitive Function, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Cardiac Surgery

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Analysis of Factors Influencing Farm Households’ Adoption of Maize Technical Package in Western Cameroon

 

Gwladys Mabah+ and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale++

 

+Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Yaounde II, Cameroon.

mabahlaure@yahoo.fr

++Department of Agricultural Economics, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The low productivity of farms in sub-Saharan Africa including Cameroon is due among other things to the low adoption rates of innovations generated by agricultural research. This paper is a case study of the adoption of the technical package (improved varieties of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, monocropping) extended for maize in western Cameroon. Data sampled farmers were analyzed using a Logit model. Results showed that the size of maize land areas, market orientation of production, contact with extension services, land tenure are factors that significantly determine the likelihood of a farmer to adopt the technical package. It was concluded that agricultural research and extension should adapt their technological innovations to the various needs of farmers.

[Mabah G, Oyekale AS. Analysis of Factors Influencing Farm Households’ Adoption of Maize Technical Package in Western Cameroon. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3841-3845] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 572

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.572

 

Keywords: agricultural innovation, adoption process, maize, Cameroon.

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Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AND ANGIOSTATIN as Potential Markers in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

 

Laila Abdelbaki1, Samy El Gizawy2, Khaled Abdalazeem3, Mohammed Z. E. Hafez4, Rania Bakry5, Ebtesam M. El-Gezawy6 and Khalid A. Nasif7

 

Tropical Medicine & Gastroenterology1 and Clinical Oncology2, Internal Medicine4, Assiut University.

Tropical Medicine, Alazhar Assiut University 3, Oncological Clinical Pathology5& Clinical Pathology6, Biochemistry7 Assiut University

 

Abstract: Objective: to evaluate the prognostic role of serum VEGF and angiostatin levels in patients with HCC. Patients and methods: Between April 2010 and April 2012, 40 patients diagnosed with HCC, presented to the Departments of Gastroenterology and clinical oncology, Assiut Univ. Hospital were recruited in this study. The control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals and another group of 40 cirrhotic patients with no evidence of HCC attending the Gastroenterology clinic of our hospital were included. Serum samples were prospectively collected from all groups for estimation of α-FP, VEGF, and angiostatin levels using ELISA technique. Patients with HCC were managed according to the BCLC strategy. All patients were reviewed in the Gastroenterology and oncology clinics at least every 1 to 2 months. Results: The mean serum VEGF concentrations (632.3±5.1 pg/mL) were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in liver cirrhosis patients and healthy controls (mean value148.0±23.32 pg/mL, and 45.0±6.4 pg/mL, respectively) (P < 0.05). In addition, HCC patients showed increased serum VEGF concentrations with increased BCLC score (Odd’s Ratio1.05 - 95% confidence interval 1.11–3.9). On multivariate analysis, serum VEGF level was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.86 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.10 to 3.92); P = 0.032). We also found that angiostatin levels were significantly lower in HCC patients compared with patients with liver cirrhosis and control subjects (P <0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between serum angiostatin levels and VEGF levels. We did not find any correlation between angiostatin serum levels and overall survival. Conclusion: this study demonstrated that serum VEGF level is a prognostic marker for HCC that can help guidance in clinical decision-making regarding therapy and outcome. Our study also showed that angiostatin is potential diagnostic marker that may aid in early detection of HCC. However, further studies should be performed.

[Laila Abdelbaki, Samy El Gizawy, Khaled Abdalazeem, Mohammed Z. E. Hafez, Rania Bakry, Ebtesam M. El-Gezawy and Khalid A. Nasif. Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AND ANGIOSTATIN as Potential Markers in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3846-3851]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 573

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.573

 

Keywords: VEGF, angiostatin, hepertocellular carcinoma

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The Present Status of the Red Sea Coral Reefs between Haql and Yanbu, Saudi Aarabia

 

Mohammed Saleh Bakur Hariri

 

Faculty of Marine Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, P.O. Box 80182, Jeddah, 21580 Saudi Arabia

mhariri@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract. The coral reefs statuses of the Saudi Arabia Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba coasts have not been assessed since 1990. A comprehensive field survey, funded by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, was carried out to check the present status of the coral reefs along the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba coasts. The coral reefs and reef-associated communities were investigated in situ in the field and the results were compared with the previous studies. The study revealed that most reefs in the study area (from Haql to Yanbu) are in good to excellent condition in terms of the ratio of live to dead coral cover. There was little to no direct human impact (e.g. destructive fishing, anchor damage, coral mining or pollution) on the great majority of reefs, other than reefs in urban areas subject to land reclamation, urban run-off and pollution or littering. Most damaged reefs occur in the immediate vicinity of the major coastal cities and towns especially off AlQof, AlWajh and Yanbu. At most sites outside these areas, levels of injury and death of corals were low. No evidence of mass bleaching or other forms of major coral mortality were found during surveys. Most reefs appeared to be in good condition.

[Mohammed Saleh Bakur Hariri. The Present Status of the Red Sea Coral Reefs between Haql and Yanbu, Saudi Aarabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3852-3859]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 574

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.574

 

Keywords: Corals, Reefs, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

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Households’ Access to Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) and Malaria Morbidity in Rural Nigeria: A Two-Stage Least Square Approach

Foluso Fadekemi Ajayi+ and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale++

 

+Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The burdens of malaria on economic development of many tropical countries cannot be overemphasized. Introduction of ITN is a major effort by international bodies to reduce the problem. This study analysed the inter-relationship between access to ITN and malaria morbidity. Data from the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) were used and analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics and Two Stage Least Square. Results show that presence of pregnant women in the household, household size, north east, south east, and south south regions, number of children 5 years and under, age of household head, sex of household head, educational status, listening to radio, read newspaper, occupation, electricity, one room for sleeping in the household and marital status significantly influence access to ITN (p<0.10), while presence of a pregnant woman and number of children five years and under increased reported malaria morbidity. It was concluded that access to ITN may not translate into reduction of malaria morbidity, depending on the usage and exposure of household members to mosquito bites outside the nets. Efforts at reducing malaria morbidity should therefore focus on media interventions in providing complete information on malaria prevention.

[Ajayi FF, Oyekale AS. Households’ Access to Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) and Malaria Morbidity in Rural Nigeria: A Two-Stage Least Square Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3860-3866] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 575

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.575

 

Keyword: ITN, malaria, morbidity, mosquito

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576

Nutritional Outlooks of Moringa oleifera and African Malnutrition Challenges: A Case Study of Nigeria

 

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus,

Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Securing adequate nutrition for the growing population is a major development agenda being pursued by many African policy makers. However, hunger and malnutrition are still among the major economic and human development challenges in many African countries. In Nigeria, the growing dimension of the nation’s food problem cumulatively impacts many development indicators. This paper therefore sought to provide an outlook of Moringa oleifera’s nutritional composition in relation to Nigerian current food challenges. It was argued that Moringa provides some nutritionalpotentials for reducing the rate of vitamin A deficiency among Nigerian children. It is also cost-effective given its ease of propagation, resistance to droughtand high vegetative growth. The onus rests on Nigerian farmers and individuals to explore these opportunities, while government provides the necessary supports to ensure availability of viable seeds and other technical assistance.

[Oyekale AS. Nutritional Outlooks of Moringa oleifera and African Malnutrition Challenge: A Case Study of Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3867-3872] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 576

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.576

 

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, hunger malnutrition, Africa, Nigeria

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Households’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS): The Case of Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

 

O.F. Omonira+ and A.S. Oyekale++

 

+Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension,

North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa.

asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Ensuring adequate access to healthcare services by the people is a paramount goal of health care delivery policies in Nigeria. One of such initiatives is the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) that the government is test-running for ensuring adequate understanding of its modus operandi and likely constraints. This study examines household’s willingness to pay for National Health Insurance Scheme in Ojo Local Government area of Lagos State. Data were collected from 120 households using structured questionnaires that were administered by personal interviews. Descriptive statistics and Probit regression were used for data analysis. Results show that majority of the households made use of orthodox form of medicine though healthcare facilities were largely perceived to be non-functional. Probit regression results showed that expectations of tax reduction, monthly income, marital status and household size, gender and impression of paying much more significantly influenced WTP (p<0.05). It was concluded that National Health Insurance Scheme is a laudable programme but its commencement would be facilitated by ensuring adequate quality of healthcare services and moiré awareness creation.

[Omonira OF, Oyekale AS. Households’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS): The Case of Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3873-3877] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 577

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.577

 

Keywords: NHIS, healthcare, awareness, Lagos state

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A Truncated Poisson Modeling of Visitors’ Use-Values of Addis Ababa Lions Zoological Park, Ethiopia

 

Goshu Mekonnen Andualem + and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale++

 

+Debre Birhan University, Department of Economics, Ethiopia (andualem.goshu@yahoo.com)

++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Environmental resources provide economic benefits to man though these are sometimes difficult to value due to missing markets. This study estimated total economic use values of Addis Ababa Zoo Park using the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM). Data were collected from 158 visitors using structured questionnaires to estimate the value of viewing. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and truncated Poisson model. The results show that travel cost, monthly income and number of dependents significantly influenced demand for recreational site (p<0.10). Potential annual use value of the park was estimated at Birr11,767,287 per annum. The findings are critical in assisting policy makers to fashion out adequate investment profile for ensuring appropriate pricing of the wildlife.

[Andualem MG, Oyekale AS. A Truncated Poisson Modeling of Visitors’ Use-Values of Addis Ababa Lions Zoological Park, Ethiopia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3878-3884] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 578

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.578

 

Keywords: Poisson regression, travel cost method (TCM), use value, Addis Ababa.

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Factors Influencing Households’ Preferences for Traditional and Modern Health Care Services in Debre Birhan, Ethiopia

 

Goshu Mekonnen Andualem + and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale++

 

+Debre Birhan University, Department of Economics, Ethiopia

++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. abayomi.oyekale@nwu.ac.za

 

Abstract: Ethiopia's health care system is unable to effectively cope with the significant health problems facing the country. This this investigates household’s preferences modern and traditional health services. Data were collected from 600 households that were randomly selected for interview using well structured pre-tested questionnaire. The Multinomial Logit regression was used to analyze households’ preferences. Result predicted that the higher the household size, the older the patient, the further the modern health care providers and the dearer the cost of treatment, the more attractive the traditional HCIs be.It was recommended that rather than discriminating against traditional healers, governments should endeavour to set up mechanisms for enhancing their efficiency.

[Andualem GM, Oyekale AS. Factors Influencing Households’ Preferences for Traditional and Modern Health Care Services in Debre Birhan, Ethiopia, Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3885-3891] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 579

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.579

 

Keywords: care preference, traditional healers, modern health providers, Ethiopia

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Linkages Between Non-Income Poverty, Growth and Inequality in Nigeria: A Two Stage Least Square Approach

 

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale

 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension,

North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735 South Africa.

asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Poverty alleviation is a major indicator to decide whether economic growth is of benefit to the poor in a society. This study therefore addressed the extent of non-income poverty alleviation between 1999 and 2008, using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. The fuzzy method and two stage least square approaches were used to analyze the data. The results show that between 1999 and 2003, non-income welfare highly improved in Nigeria, but this could not be sustained in 2008. The rural areas were found to be more deprived in essential basic social services, while the northern part has highest non-income poverty incidences. The two-stage least square regression results show that growth in composite welfare indicators, literacy, household size and number of trained youth significantly reduced poverty incidences (p<0.10), while unemployment rate, number of robbery cases and annual allocation from the federation accounts significantly increased it. It was recommended that government should ensure pro-poor spending on basic social services like improved water, sanitation, education, and employment schemes.

[Oyekale AS. Linkages Between Non-Income Poverty, Growth and Inequality in Nigeria: A Two Stage Least Square Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3892-3901] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 580

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.580

 

Keywords: Pro-poor growth, non-income poverty, inequality, welfare indicator

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Osteopontin In Patients With Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: Relation To Disease Severity

 

Hanan Elsebaie, Hebatallah A. Elchamy, Eman A.Kaddah, Ramy G.Abdelfattah

 

Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Ain ShamsUniversity-Cairo, Egypt. emykaddah@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Osteopontin; a small integrin-binding ligand; has been proved to be an important factor in bone mineralization, remodeling and metabolism. Upregulation of osteopontin was noticed in knee osteoarthritis. It may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, contributing to progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Aim: To measure plasma and synovial fluid osteopontin in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis in order to assess its relation to disease severity. Patients and Methods: This study included thirty patients (aged 44-66 years) diagnosed as having primary knee osteoarthritis according to the checklist of American College of Rheumatology criteria. Ten age and sex matched apparently healthy controls were also enrolled in this study. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations,and plasma osteopontin (OPN) level measurement were done for all patients and controls. While Synovial fluid OPN levels were measured in cases with knee effusion. Disease severity was assessed using Kellgren/ Lawrence (K/L) radiological score. Results: Statistically Significantly elevated levels of both plasma and synovial fluid OPN were found in patients compared to controls (P<0.001&P<0.05 respectively). Synovial fluid OPN levels were statistically significantly higher than paired plasma samples (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between plasma OPN and synovial fluid OPN levels and both of them showed positive correlation with disease severity grades as assessed by K/L radiological score. In Conclusion: Both plasma and synovial fluid OPN levels were increased in primary knee O.A patients and both of them correlated with more severe OA. Measurements of plasma and/or synovial fluid levels of osteopontin could possibly serve as a biochemical parameter for determining disease severity and predicting the progression of osteoarthritic disease process.

 [Hanan Elsebaie, Hebatallah A. Elchamy, Eman A.Kaddah, Ramy G.Abdelfattah. Osteopontin In Patients With Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: Relation To Disease Severity. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3902-3909]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 581

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.581

 

Keywords: osteoarthritis, Kellgren/Lawrence score, osteopontin.

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Evaluation and study of the correlation between the human capital strategy and organizational performance

 

Masoumeh Jahani1, Mohammadtaghi Abedian2

 

1. Executive MBA, Payam Noor University

2. Master of Business Administration, University of Ballarat

 

Abstract: This applied article collects descriptive information by Delphi survey method as well as investigating the significant correlation or lack of correlation in main hypothesis which has subsidiary hypothesis. In this paper, the correlation among the variables affecting the performance of Parsian Bank has been examined. The main hypothesis of this study is the existence of a significant correlation between the human capital strategy and performance of Parsian Bank. Subsidiary hypotheses include a significant correlation between the variables of manpower supply system, incentive system, human resources development system, and human resources maintenance system with the performance of Parsian Bank. Sampling was done randomly and by using Cochran's formula and based on the calculation 127 people were selected for questioning. In this paper, the Student's t-test has been used in order to determine the significant correlation between the performance of Parsian Bank and independent variables. Moreover, the hypothesis test by Pearson correlation coefficient method and the Student's t-test has been used in order to determine the existence or lack of defined variables. In this paper, the model coefficients are estimated using the factor analysis method and VPLS software. Model presented in this paper indicated that to which priorities and what extent the focus of Parsian Bank activities for increased performance should be allocated, respectively. Finally, the regression model for performance function of Parsian Bank is presented.

[Masoumeh Jahani, Mohammadtaghi Abedian. Evaluation and study of the correlation between the human capital strategy and organizational performance. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3910-3917]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 582

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.582

 

Keywords: Human capital strategy, Improvement of organization, organizational performance evaluation

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Thoughts of death and destruction in the Persian Poets

 (The approach of the idea of Nizami Ganjavi's poem Khosrow and Shirin)

 

Abbas soltany gerdfaramarzy

 

abas_soltani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Abo Mohammad Elias Ben Youssef Nizami, is the great Iranian poet and scholar, in the thirteenth century AD. He lived in the Aran soil and land located along the Aras River to the Kor River. Nizamies name is tied up with "Khamseh" (Five Treasures) that shines in the chest of literature of Iran. Undoubtedly, among them "Khosrow and Shirin" is a specific luminosity. In fact, Nizami was the poet, alongside descriptions of attractive love, attempts of amative man for getting to enjoy, away by virtuous girl, wrath and reconciliations, the coquetries and needs... who was never far away from the thought of death and makes heroes’ pleasure story into a Tragic Tragedy by the death. With regard to the point that Nizami is a moralist poet, he never expresses a concept without a moral theme, and this question is raised in the mind that whether expression of death is Nizamie’s concern in the moral theme or not. This article will attempt to consider Nizamie’s Ethics perspective toward the manifest destiny of mankind.

[Abbas soltany gerdfaramarzy. Thoughts of death and destruction in the Persian Poets (The approach of the idea of Nizami Ganjavi's poem Khosrow and Shirin). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3918-3920] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 583

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.583

 

Keywords: Nizami, morality, death, love, Khosrow and Shirin

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The Place of Child Victimization in Iran Penal Law and International Documents based on the Applications of Physical Persecution in the Family

 

Moloukossadat Mousavi Mirak

 

M.A Criminal law and criminology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil

mm_mirak@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Among the victims, minors, as the future of human race, due to being more sensitive require more support which is given through a segregating policy represented in domestic laws as special crimes in minors’ rights and liberties or aggravation of punishment against them. A comparative study of international documents and domestic regulations demonstrates various gaps and inadequacies in domestic laws in such a way that current legal system cannot prevent minor persecution and victimization properly. Therefore, domestic laws should be modified in line with international enactment; to prevent crimes and collaborate with other countries, specific conventions of the crimes should be enacted and the considerations of the given crime in domestic laws should be taken into account. The present study examines the place of minor victimization in Iran penal laws and compares it with Convention of Minors’ rights and other international documents at hand based on the evidences of physical persecution in the family and familial violence against minors and comparability of Iran laws with international standards. The research was done through referring library references and consulting documents available on domestic and international laws which were derived and elucidated via comparative research plan.

[Moloukossadat Mousavi Mirak. The Place of Child Victimization in Iran Penal Law and International Documents based on the Applications of Physical Persecution in the Family. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3921-3923]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 584

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.584

 

Key Words: Victimization, Criminal law, international laws, minors’ rights, physical victimization of minors.

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Prevalence of Disabilities among preschool children in one selected village of Beni- suif Governorate

 

Dr. Abeer Mohamed E. Eldeeb1, Dr. Basma Rabie Abdel sadik 2, Dr. Mohammed Meabed3

 

1. Department of Community and Family Health Nursing and 2 Department of Pediatric Nursing Faculty of Nursing, 3. Department of 3pediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni – Suif University. eldeeb1973@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In Egypt, “a disabled person” means a person who need rehabilitation service to meet the basic needs in society because impairment such as movement-related function, sensory function and mental function brings physical, social, economical and psychological disability. More than 1.5 million Egyptians are living with physical and mental disabilities. Objectives: The present paper aiming to study the prevalence of disabilities and the most common types of disabilities among preschool children in one selected village of Beni- suif Governorate. In addition to, develop and Implement educational program regarding disabilities among preschool children to the mother. Results: The study found that 35.7 % of the preschool children in the selected village have different types of disability. also, revealed a highly significant relation between the mothers knowledge, level of education and types of disability.Moreover, found that a highly significant relation between socioeconomic level and the children health status Conclusion: The present study concluded that the family needs to improve their knowledge and attitude regarding disability and rehabilitation to handicap children. Recommendations: emphasis on the implementation of educational programe and early detection and intervention, and rehabilitation. Nursing management should assess all children for signs of developmental delays, Support the family at the time of initial diagnosis, Facilitate the child’s self-care abilities and Provide child and family teaching.

 [ Abeer Mohamed E. Eldeeb, Basma Rabie Abdel sadik, Mohammed Meabed. Prevalence of Disabilities among preschool children in one selected village of Beni- suif Governorate. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3924-3930]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 585

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.585

 

Keywords: Impairment, Disability, Handicap, Early intervention, Nursing management

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Fuzzy AG-Subgroups

 

I. Ahmed1, Amanullah1, and M. Shah2

 

1Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Kyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

2Department of Mathematics, Government Post Graduate College Mardan, Kyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

iahmad@uom.edu.pk (I. Ahmad), amanswat@gmail.com (Amanullah),

 shahmaths_problem@hotmail.com (M. Shah)

 

Abstract. An AG-group is a generalization of an abelian group. A groupoid  is called AG-group, if it satisfies the identity and contains a left identity and inverse of each its element. We extend the concept of AG-group to fuzzy AG-group. We define and investigate some structural properties of fuzzy AG-subgroup.

[I. Ahmed, Amanullah, and M. Shah. Fuzzy AG-Subgroups. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3931-3936]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 586

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.586

 

Keywords: AG-group; conjugate AG-group; normal AG-group, fuzzy AG-subgroup

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Kidney Injury Molecule -1 (KIM-1): an early novel biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in critically – ill patients

 

Gamal F. El Naggar(1), hesham A. el srogy(2), sameh M. fathy(3).

 

Departments of (1)Internal Medicine & Nephrology, (2) Clinical Pathology and (3)Anesthesia and Critical care, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

Gamalelnagar_77@yahoo.com

 

Abstract Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in critically-ill patients. The lack of early biomarkers for AKI in humans has interfered with potentially effective therapies in a timely manner. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a type I cell membrane glycoprotein, which is associated with proximal tubule cell injury/dedifferentiation. Presence of KIM-1 in the urine is highly specific for kidney injury as indicated by absence of its expression in the normal kidney; its marked upregulation with proximal tubular cell injury and/or differentiation. Objective: To investigate the role of KIM-1 as an early marker for AKI in critically-ill patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 20 critically-ill patients who were at risk for developing AKI. Other 20 healthy subjects were included as control. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was chosen to select critically-ill patients. All candidates were subjected to thorough history taking, complete clinical examination including assessment of Glasgow coma scale & urine output as well as laboratory investigations including urinary KIM-1 (by ELISA), blood urea, serum creatinine, arterial blood gases, platelet count and serum bilirubin. Results: The results of our study have shown that there were no significant statistical differences between patient and control group as regards gender (12 females and 8 males for both groups) and age (51.90 + 16.32 years for patient group and 51.60 + 13.67 years for the control group) with p.value of 0.950 and 0.988 respectively. Our study has shown that KIM-1 becomes significantly elevated before a rise of serum creatinine (p.value 0.001) by a mean of 27.60 +15.62 hours. Urinary KIM-1 was shown to have excellent sensitivity & specificity, 90.9 % and 95.24 % respectively. Also it showed a positive predictive value of 95.24 %, and a negative predictive value of 90.9 %. Our results have also shown that urinary KIM-1 was significantly elevated on admission (7.88+1.72 ng/mL) as compared with elevation of serum creatinine (0.895+0.173 mg/dL & p.< 0.001), blood urea (37.4+14.53 mg/dL & p.< 0.001) and reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (85.2+21.02 mL/minute/1.73 m2 & p.< 0.001). There was a significant rise of serum creatinine in patient group as compared with control group from the 2nd day (1.425+0.505 mg/dL & p. < 0.001). However this was insignificant at admission (p.value 0.854). Same results apply to blood urea (57.93+23.1 mg/dL & p.< 0.001 on 2nd day and 0.052 at admission). On the other hand, significant reduction in eGFR occurred only on the 3rd day (27+13.97 mL/minute/1.73 m2 & p.< 0.001); however this reduction was insignificant early in the course of illness with p.value of 0.527 & 0.008 at admission and after 24 hours respectively. In comparison, urinary KIM-1 was significantly elevated before a rise in blood urea & serum creatinine and before a reduction in eGFR at admission (p< 0.001) and continued to rise significantly over the next two days. Conclusion: The data presented suggest that urinary KIM-1 is a reliable early marker for AKI with excellent sensitivity and specificity, especially in critically-ill patients, therefore allowing early diagnosis & institution of appropriate therapy.

[Gamal F. El Naggar, hesham A. el srogy, sameh M. fathy. Kidney Injury Molecule -1 (KIM-1): an early novel biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in critically – ill patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3937-3943]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 587

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.587

 

Keywords: acute kidney injury (AKI), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), critically-ill patients, early biomarker.

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SVC Application for Stability Improvement of Multi Machine Power System

 

Mojtaba Shirvani 1, Ahmad Memaripour 2, Mostafa Abdollahi 3, Asadollah Salimi 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Boroujen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujen, Iran. mo_shirvani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents the application of Static Var Compensator (SVC) to stability improvement in a multi-machine electric power system installed with SVC. A adaptive supplementary stabilizer based on SVC is designed. To show effectiveness of SVC in damping oscillations, different disturbances are applied and simulated. The adaptive stabilizer is compared with a conventional stabilizer. Several nonlinear time-domain simulation tests visibly show the ability of SVC in damping oscillations.

[Mojtaba Shirvani, Ahmad Memaripour, Mostafa Abdollahi, Asadollah Salimi. SVC Application for Stability Improvement of Multi Machine Power System. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3944-3948]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 588

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.588

 

Keywords: Static Var Compensator, Low Frequency Oscillations, Multi Machine Electric Power System, Adaptive Control.

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Subsistence Farming and Food Security in Cameroon: A Macroeconomic Approach

 

AMBAGNA Jean Joël; KANE Gilles Quentin, OYEKALE, Abayomi Samuel

 

University of Yaoundé II, Faculty of economics and management, Sub-regional Institute of Statistic and Applied Economics, Yaoundé, Cameroun. joelambagna@rocketmail.com

PhD Student, Collaborative PhD Programme, African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Yaounde II, Cameroon. kanegilles@yahoo.fr

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@gmail.com

 

Abstract: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the development of subsistence agriculture is the best way to assure food security in developing countries. The objective of this study fits into this logic in that it analyzes the impact of subsistence farming to food security in Cameroon. Data from the FAO and the World Bank over the period 1961-2007 were used to formulate a cointegration model between food availability and subsistence framing index based on the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) procedure. Firstly, the analysis shows that the long-run elasticity of subsistence farming index is 0.38, higher than in short-run (0.27). This result confirms the positive impact of subsistence farming on food security in short-run and long-run. Secondly, the trend is significant and positive, meaning that structural variables such as market functioning, the development of road and market infrastructures etc., positively impact on food security in Cameroon. However, population growth reduces food availability, a factor that could obscure the positive impact of subsistence farming. Therefore it would be necessary to consider a scenario in which the subsistence farming growth rate is higher than the population growth rate.

[AMBAGNA Jean Joël; KANE Gilles Quentin, OYEKALE, Abayomi Samuel Subsistence Farming and Food Security in Cameroon: A Macroeconomic Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3949-3954]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 589

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.589

 

Keywords: Food Security, subsistence farming, ARDL model, Cameroon.

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Efficiency of Groundnuts/Maize Intercropped Farms in Zoetele, South Cameroon: A Data Envelopement Approach

 

Gilles Quentin Kane+, Sikod Fondo++ and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale+++

 

+PhD Student, Collaborative PhD Programme, African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Yaounde II, Cameroon. kanegilles@yahoo.fr

++Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Yaounde II, Cameroon. Fsikod2002@yahoo.com

+++Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa. asoyekale@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This article aims at evaluating and analysing the production efficiency of farms (FF) in the locality of Zoetele, South Cameroon. From a sample of 62 FF, we first estimate a model of Data Envelopment Analysis with constant and variable returns to scale, then a censored TOBIT model enabling therefore to identify factors of efficiency. Two main outcomes result from this study. First of all, we can see that on average, the level of technical efficiency of FFs is 44.60% when returns to scale are constant, and 67.80% when return to scale are variable. This shows off possibilities of efficiency substantial gains. Secondly, the farm size and the production destination impact negatively on the technical efficiency. Finally, the adherence to a peasant organisation and age improve it. From those results, we estimate that if one wants to improve the efficiency of the FFs, it would be interesting that the FFs organise themselves into associations in order to benefit from experience sharing, and government and nongovernmental organisations (NGO).

[Gilles Quentin Kane, Sikod Fondo and Abayomi Samuel Oyekale. Efficiency of Groundnuts/Maize Intercropped Farms in Zoetele, South Cameroon: A Data Envelopement Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3955-3962]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 590

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.590

 

Keywords: Technical efficiency, Family farm, South-Cameroon.

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The Role of Balanced Scorecard Implementation on Financial Performance Transparency

 

Arezo Torabi Moghaddam

 

Accounting Department, Iranshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Email: A.Torabi@iauiranshahr.ac.ir

 

Abstract: If you ask most people how they measure the performance of companies, with a meaningful smile will tell you it is very clear “When you make more money”. Somehow it is true: profitability, gross sales revenue, investment return and others are fundamental". End line is a type of results that companies should reach it to survive. Unfortunately, if senior management only focuses on the financial health of the organization, unfavorable outcome occurs. One of these ways of financial measuring are delayed indices. This means that how more or less numbers depend on different events that may have occurred months or years. This is the question that is proposed in this study whether the balanced scorecard implementation effect on financial performance transparency. In this study 24 companies are considered. Data collection was done through the distribution of questionnaires among 192 people of senior, middle and financial managers of food industry companies, which have been accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. By presence and continuous following, only 120 questionnaires were collected. Operational variables in this study include: perspective, company values, transparency of financial performance in implementation of company’s performance evaluation with the balanced scorecard. Their testing was done with statistical techniques. Findings indicated that implementation of balanced scorecard in spite of the organization's prospective can have an influence on both company value and the transparency of financial performance.

[Torabi Moghaddam, A. The Role of Balanced Scorecard Implementation on Financial Performance Transparency. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3963-3970]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 591

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.591

 

Keywords: Strategy - Balanced Scorecard - Measuring performance – perspective

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Theater Therapy and its Integration with Improvisation

 

1Salva Shamseddini Lory, 1Soghra Yousefi, 2Armindokht Ahmadi, 3Rahim Naseri, 1Fatemeh Torfi

 

1Department of Counseling, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Kerman, Iran

2 Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Legal Medicine Organization, Iran

3Hamyari Noore Afarinesh Institute, Tehran, Iran

Email: Mahoor_princes@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Role playing has been a common treatment since immemorial and theater therapy was founded by Jacob Levi Morand in the 1920’s. Theater therapy runs in the open and flexible environment which the authorities observe and investigate better solutions on their issues and Treatments of predominant personality characteristics, interpersonal communication, contradictions and inner conflict as well as psychological and sensational disorders by special procedures. The main factors of this method includes: 1- first person (protagonist) which is the main axis exhibiting his/her psychological problems with the help of others called “helper” 2- “Helper” which exhibits different aspects and dimensions of the first person 3- Director (therapist) who guides participants in drama therapy towards greater awareness and insight. 4- Stage, scene of theater is circular. This method is not restricted to the patients but it is applied to delinquents, criminals, education, industry problems and so on. In theater therapy, the individuals are assisted to play and review the issue instead of talking about that. On the scene of psycho-dramatic disorder, self-centeredness is discovered and the individual hears himself through his own language and since there is no punishment, the person starts the creativity which le ads to the appearance of inner personality conflicts and contradictions. Finally, when it reaches to the level of creativity and spontaneity (improvisation), it would be easy for patient to show emotion.

[Shamseddini Lory S, Yousefi S, Ahmadi A, Nasseri R, Torfi F. Theater Therapy and its Integration with Improvisation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3971-3978] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 592

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.592

 

Key words: protagonist, helper, psycho-drama, catharsis, impromptu, director, speech therapy

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The study of relationship between earning management through real activities and cash flow operation in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

 

Foad Eshghi 1, Mohammad Khorasani Amoli 2, Fatemeh Chaman 3, Sedigheh Mansouri 4

 

 1. M.S. in Agricultural Economics, Iran

2. Member of Scientific Board, Department of Management, Shomal University, Iran

3. Member of Young Researchers, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran

4. Undergraduate of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, Iran

Fesh.foad@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The main goal of this research is to study whether is there any relationship between the criteria of earning management through real activities (non-ordinary cash flow, non-ordinary production and non-ordinary arbitrary costs) and cash flow operation? Statistical population of the present research is all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange which 103 companies were selected by randomized sampling method. Regarding to that the collected data for hypotheses were of combined data kind; panel analysis method and the integrated least squares regression were used to test the hypotheses and to estimate the coefficients. Research results indicate that at confidence level of 95 percent, there is a relationship between the criteria of earning management through real activities and cash flow operation and this relationship is of the inverted kind.

 [Eshghi F, Khorasani Amoli M, Chaman F, Mansouri S. The study of relationship between earning management through real activities and cash flow operation in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3979-3985] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 593

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.593

 

Keywords: Earning management through real activities, non-ordinary cash flow, non-ordinary production, non-ordinary arbitrary costs, and cash flow operation.

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Effect of the Expousre to Low Dose of Ionizing radiation on KAU Hospital Medical Stuff by Using Early Response of Biological Dosimetry

 

Refaat I. F. EL-Fayoumi 1, Mohammed H. Saiem Al-Dahr1, and Salah M kamal2

 

1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

2Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abstract: Cytogenetic and Comet analysis were performed in forty volunteer students and hospital workers who were chronically exposed to Low ionizing radiation from king Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Radiology Department and Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, were enrolled and divided into three groups. Peripheral blood samples were collected by venipuncture in heparinized and EDTA tubes (BD vacationer, Becton Dickinson, NJ, USA) on 6 different times during a period of 3 months. Accumulated absorbed doses calculated for the radiation workers ranged from 9.5 to 209.4 mSv. The mean of chromosomal aberration (CA) frequencies demonstrated statistically significant differences between the mean frequencies of CA between staff, intern students and second year students. Dicentric chromosome was only found in one technician from workers group while the other two groups have shown no dicentric chromosomes at all. Mean values (± standard deviation of the mean) of comet tail moment were 7.44±2.35 for the staff worker group and 3.51±2.1 for the intern students group and 3.01±1.33 for second year students (control group). Difference between mean tail moments were statistically significant when comparison between the worker stuff group and second year student group (P<0.01, ANOVA) and also significant between staff group and intern students (p<0.01, ANOVA) while there is no significance between intern and second year student groups (p>0.05, ANOVA). The range of tail moment in exposed worker stuff was 5.21- 12.53 and for the intern students was 2.99-5.31 and for the control second year student was 2.00-4.37. These results also indicate that occupation and occupation periods significantly contributed to the level of primary DNA damage as recorded by mean of alkaline comet assay and the relevance of conducting cytogenetic analysis in parallel to physical dosimetry in routine clinical setting

[Refaat I. F. EL-Fayoumi, Mohammed H. Saiem Al-Dahr, and Salah M kamal. Effect of the Expousre to Low Dose of Ionizing radiation on KAU Hospital Medical Stuff by Using Early Response of Biological Dosimetry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3986-3994]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 594

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.594

 

Key words: Radiation, Fluorescence in Situ Hyperdization (FISH), Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Technique (Comet); Lymphocytes; Chromosomes; Thermo Luminescent Dosimeter (TLD), ionizing radiation, biological dosimetry

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New exact solutions of Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation using extended F-expansion method

 

A.S. Alofiand M.A. Abdelkawy

 

 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA

 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

aalofi1@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Using a computerized symbolic computation technique, we study the Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation using extended F-expansion method. It is shown that soliton solutions and triangular periodic solutions can be established as the limits of Jacobi doubly periodic wave solutions.

[Alofi AS, Abdelkawy. New exact solutions of Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation using extended F-expansion method. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3995-4002] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 595

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.595

 

Keywords: Extended F-expansion (EFE) method; Nonlinear partial differential equations; Nonlinear physical phenomena; Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation.

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Location of Urban Green Spaces with Emphasis on Effective Quality Factors Using Fuzzy AHP Method

 

Abdullah Jamali

 

Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran

jmli_jmli@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Literature indicates that comparative ratios provide ambiguous and inaccurate judgments in many cases. Quality forecasts have been relatively more successful when compared to quantitative estimates. The uncertainty in preferential judgment leads to uncertainty in classification of other options and difficulty in stabilization of preferences. The objective of this article was to study and evaluate the effective quality factors in Location of the urban green spaces and their prioritization by using Fuzzy AHP method. This study offers a formulated strategy based on different views and expert opinions. The analysis for factor prioritization is to be performed in many ways to include different views and opinions. The analysis potentially presents the undefined relations in the applications of integrated and formulated strategies in different time spans. This analysis may provide a conclusive approach in location of decision making process to urban landscape designers. It provides an increased capability for identifying the factors and priorities that lead to the selection of a suitable site among many options.

[Abdullah Jamali. Location of Urban Green Spaces with Emphasis on Effective Quality FactorsUsing Fuzzy AHP Method. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4003-4008] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 596

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.596

 

Keywords: Designing City View, Quality Factors, Fuzzy AHP Method, Factor Analysis, Factor Prioritization.

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597

Identifying Prognostic Factors for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

 

Chun-Te Lu1,2, Chih-Sheng Lai1, Wen-Hsiang Chien1, I-Chen Chen1, Jung-Hsing Yen1, Ding-Yu Song1, Yu-Wen Tang1, and Yeo Kai-Jieh 3,4,*

 

1Division of Plastic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China

2Division of Plastic Surgery, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Veterans Affairs Commission, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China

3Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China

4Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China

dryeokj@yahoo.com.tw

 

Abstract: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, but life-threatening drug allergy that results in death in approximately 25-50 % of patients. There is still controversy over whether the performance of a severity-of-illness score specified TEN (SCORTEN) accurately predicts mortality or if treatment interventions such as corticosteroid or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) could alter mortality. Our purpose was to identify prognostic factors and to assess SCORTEN. Charts of 26 patients aged 54.1 years, admitted to the hospitals (2004–2012) with toxic epidermal necrolysis were reviewed. SCORTEN was associated with a higher mortality rate and the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves were 94.5%. The presence of comorbidity, and/or gout, diabetes, higher SCORTEN, statistically significantly increased risk of death. The corticosteroids therapies had the trend to increase the mortality for TEN. IVIg and surgical debride did not significantly alter mortality.

[Chun-Te Lu, Chih-Sheng Lai, Wen-Hsiang Chien, I-Chen Chen, Jung-Hsing Yen, Ding-Yu Song, Yu-Wen Tang, and Yeo Kai-Jieh. Identifying Prognostic Factors for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4009-4012] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 597

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.597

 

Keywords: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Seven independent prognostic factors of toxic epidermal necrolysis (SCORTEN), mortality, complications.

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598

Antimicrobial Effect and Immunomodulation of Atorvastatin

 

Elahe Ahmadalizadeh

 

M.Sc. in Biochemistry, graduated from the Medical, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Yerevan,Armenia

eahmadalizade@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objectives: Epidemiological studies of statins have suggested a link between statin therapy and a decreased risk of bacterial infection. It has been proposed that the mechanism underlying this protective effect of statins relates to their known immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study is to explore the antibacterial effect of atorvastatin, and its immunomodulation effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF α, and C reactive protein, CRP. Method: 20 serum samples were collected from patients who were under therapy with Atorvastatin for more than three months and 10 serum samples from control group who do not administer any statins. The serum samples were analyzed for TNF α quantitatively using ELISA kit and CRP semi quantitatively by agglutination kit. The antibacterial effect was tested against five clinical isolates for each of E. coli, S. aureus,Proteus sp., and Bacillus sp. Results: the concentration of TNF α and CRP were significantly decreased than the control group. Atorvastatin showed significant antibacterial effect against the tested bacterial isolates compared to that of the control except for Proteus sp. in addition to its effect on lipids profile. Conclusion: Atorvastatin shows antibacterial effect & reduces serum concentrations of TNF α & CRP, but still future studies are recommended to elucidate mechanism (s) by which atorvastatin is inducing its antibacterial effects.

[Elahe Ahmadalizadeh. Antimicrobial Effect and Immunomodulation of Atorvastatin. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4013-4016]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 598

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.598

 

Key words: Atorvastatin, TNF α, antibacterial

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Protective antioxidant effect of garlic against cypermethrin induced lung toxicity in adult male mice: Biochemical and Histopathological studies

 

Turki M. Al- Shaikh

 

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.

turkialsheika@hotmail.com

 

Abstract In the present study, the protective effect of garlic against cypermethrin -induced lung toxicity was studied. Adult male mice (N=20) with average weight 18- 20 g were used in the study. Animals were divided into four groups of 5 each: group I control received corn oil; group II received cypermethrin (2.8 mg/kg BW) in corn oil. Group III received garlic (500 mg/kg BW); group IV received both cypermethrin and garlic. All treatments were given by oral gavage for 14 days. The results showed that cypermethrin increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased activities of the antioxidant enzymes (GST: glutathione S – transferase; -SH group; SOD: superoxide dismutase). Lung injury was confirmed by histopathological changes. Animals treated with garlic and cypermethrin together showed that lung TBARS returned to the control level which indicating a protective effect of garlic. Also, garlic was able to increase the reduced activities of the antioxidant enzymes induced by cypermethrin. In addition, garlic protected the lung from histological changes induced by cypermethrin. In conclusion, garlic was found to provide protective effect against and cypermethrin induced damage in mice alveoli and bronchioles with the attenuation of the oxidative stress and the preservation in antioxidant enzymes. It could be advised as an as Therefore this effective dietary supplements in developing countries where pesticide pollution is high.

[Turki M. Al- Shaikh. Protective antioxidant effect of garlic against cypermethrin induced lung toxicity in adult male mice: Biochemical and Histopathological studies. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4017-4025]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 599

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.599

 

Keywords: Cypermethrin, Garlic, Lung, Antioxidant enzymes, Histopathology

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600

Effect of Yeast as Feed Supplement on Behavioural and Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

 

Kassem G. El Iraqi and Rabie H. Fayed

 

Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza

kassemgabr@gmail.com; rhfayed@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of new patent probiotic inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Var. ellipsoideus (Thepax®) and other commercial yeast "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" either live or dry feed additives, on behavioral and productive performance of broiler chickens. A total of 496 day-old Cobb chicks were used and divided into 4 groups, 2 replicates for each. Chicks in group one were fed on commercial basal diet as a control group©, the chicks in other three groups were fed on the same diet enriched with 0.5 gm Live yeast / kg diet for group two (T1), 1 gm. dry yeast /kg diet for group three (T2) and 1 gm inactivated yeast /kg diet for group four (T3) (this dose of inactivated yeast was 0.5 g/ kg in grower diet). During 5 weeks experimental period, behavioral measurements as frequency and duration of feeding and drinking behavior; comfort behavior including wing and leg stretch, preening, ground scratch, body shaking and resting behaviour were observed and recorded. Broiler performance including weekly feed intake, weekly body weight gain, final feed intake, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, dressing weight, dressing percentage, mortality rate, and European efficiency index were calculated. Significant differences were observed between different yeast types in ingestive behavior, comfort behaviour, feed intake, final body weight, food conversion ratio, dressing weight, dressing percentage, mortality rate, and European performance index. It can be concluded that the inactivated yeast probiotic can be included in broiler diets for their beneficial effect and to improve their behavioral and productive performance.

[Kassem G. El Iraqi and Rabie H. Fayed. Effect of Yeast as Feed Supplement on Behavioural and Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4026-4031]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 600

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.600

 

Key words: Behavior, Broiler, inactivated yeast, Probiotics, Performance, Thepax®

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Phytoremediation Potentiality of Cyperus articulatus L.

 

Hussein F. Farrag1&2 and Manal Fawzy3

 

1Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

2Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, KSA.

3Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University

hfarrag2012@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: The phytoremediation potentiality of Cyperus articulatus naturally growing in industrial wastewater was tested. Nine heavy metals were selected for this purpose; As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni and Pb. Metal concentrations were measured using the atomic absorption. The accumulation rates of the studied heavy metals showed considerable variations in the accumulation abilities according to the plant organ and type of heavy metals. Accumulation of iron recorded maximum values ranged between (105.5 and 900 μg/g d.wt.) in different plant organs of the studied species growing in wastewater, while minimum values were obtained for the accumulation of cadmium (0.9 to 1.95 μg/g d.wt.). In general the studied heavy metal accumulation can be arranged as follows: Fe > Cr > Cu > As > Mn > Pb > Hg > Ni > Cd. The "translocation factor" (TF) and "bioconcentration factor" (BCF) were calculated. TF was found to be less than 1 for all metal cases, which confirmed the significance of below-ground biomass as a heavy metal accumulator. The HPLC technique was used to prove and assess the effect of heavy metal accumulation in the different plant organs on the chemical components especially in the bellow-ground parts. The obtained results support the idea of using the study plant for phytoremediation in industrial wastewater.

[Hussein F. Farrag and Manal Fawzy. Phytoremediation potentiality of Cyperus articulatus L. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4032-4040]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 601

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.601

 

Keywords: Phytoremediation, heavy metals, HPLC technique, atomic absorption, industrial wastewater.

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Transmission Spectrum of Intraocular Lenses by Ultraviolet Light Exposure

 

 Chi-Ting Horng1,Tsung-Hsung Chang2, Chiang-Hsiang Lu2, Jeng-Chuan Shiang3, Shuan-Yu Huang4,5* and

Tai-Chuan ko6*

 

1Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China

2 Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China

3 Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China

4School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China

5Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China

6Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan 356, Republic of China

syhuang@csmu.edu.tw, kcc33546@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The transmission spectrum of five types of intraocular lenses (IOLs) was measured to assess visual performance after cataract surgery. A UV-Visible spectrometer was used to measure the transmission spectrum of IOLs after exposure to UV light with varying power and exposure time. For Samples (a) and (b), the transmittance is almost zero from 200 nm to 400 nm; the transmittance also decays in the visible region. For Samples (c) and (d), the IOLs cannot block the wavelength from 200 nm to 300 nm. For Sample (e), the IOL cannot block the wavelength from 200 nm to 400 nm. The transmittance of IOLs decays with increasing UV power and exposure duration.

[Chi-Ting Horng, Tsung-Hung Chang, Chiang-Hsiang Lu, Jeng-Chuan Shiang, Shuan-Yu Huang and Tai-Chuan Ko. Transmission Spectrum of Intraocular Lenses by Ultraviolet Light Exposure. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4041-4043]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 602

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.602

 

Keywords: transmission spectrum, cataract surgery, intraocular lenses, transmittance, exposure duration

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The Potential Effects of Propolis against Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Toxic Effects on Some Biochemical Aspects of Kidney

 

Walaa, A. M. El-Nahrawy1, Sanaa, M. R. Wahba 1 and Ibrahim, S. Eldurssi 1, 2

 

Zoology Department, Girls College for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University1

Zoology Department, Science Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida-Libya2

ibaldurssi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the most commonly used flavoring agent all over the world. The current study was designed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of propolis against monosodium glutamate induced toxic effects on some biological aspects of kidney rats. Accordingly, a total number of fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as control, where the second group was administered propolis at an oral daily dose of 200 mg/kg/b. w. for eight weeks. The third group received MSG 1 g/kg /b. w. for eight weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was first administered propolis alone for 4 weeks, and secondly received MSG in association with propolis for 4 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given MSG alone for 4 weeks and was secondly administered propolis in association with MSG for 4 weeks. At the end of four and eight weeks, blood and kidney tissues were collected to study biochemical parameters and electrophoresis study. MSG administration exerted significant elevation of the mean body weight, absolute and relative kidney weights, serum urea, creatinine, sodium (Na+), cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL and MDA activities and decrease in potassium (K+), total protein, albumin and GSH levels. In the electrophoresis study, there was an increase in fraction 1 and 2 and a decrease in fractions 3, 4 and 5 in MSG group, while in the protective group, propolis extract showed significant improvement in the previous fractions. It may be concluded that the results confirm the toxic effect of MSG and the protective effect of propolis, especially when administrated as a protective substance than therapeutic.

[Walaa, A. M. El-Nahrawy, Sanaa, M. R. Wahbaand Ibrahim, S. Eldurssi. The Potential Effects of Propolis against Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Toxic Effects on Some Biochemical Aspects of Kidney. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4044-4054]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 603

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.603

 

Key Words: Kidney, Monosodium glutamate, Propolis, Biochemical, Oxidative stress, Electrophoresis.

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Relationship between Motivation, Self-concept, Attitude and Fluency of elementary school students

 

Zeinab Mihandoost

 

Department of Elementary Education, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, ILAM, IRAN

 E-mail: xozns2006@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between reading motivation, reading self-concept, reading attitude and reading fluency in the fourth and fifth grade years. The sample consisted of 375 students (N = 187 males and N= 188 female) were administered the Test of Motivation to Read, Reading Self-Concept, Reading Attitude and Reading Fluency. The specific question addressed was: what is the association between reading motivation, reading self-concept, reading attitude and reading fluency? In this study for analysis of data, applying correlation and hierarchical multiple regression, results showed that reading motivation, reading self-concept, reading attitude were related to reading fluency also results indicated no significant gender effects were found for either reading motivation or self-concept, attitude and fluency. This study adds to the literature of motivation, self-concept, attitude to read and reading fluency.

[Zeinab Mihandoost. Relationship between Motivation, Self-concept, Attitude and Fluency of elementary school students. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4055-4063]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.604

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.604

 

Keyword: reading, motivation, self-concept, attitude, fluency, elementary school, gender, grade

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HRM Practices, Employee Motivation and its Effects on Perceived Performance

 

Hammad Raza

 

National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan

Hammad.raza@ceme.nust.edu.pk

 

Abstract: Aim of this paper is to study the relationship between human resources management practices and its impact on the level of performance.This paper is intended to investigate the impact of HRM Practices on employee motivation and study the effects of Motivation (Personal as well as infused by HRM practices being followed in some selected Public Sector Departments (PSDs) operating in Rawalpindi area.As we know, the performance of any organization is dependent on various factors like Organizational Support offered to the workers to perform their tasks, extra rolebehavior, commitment HRM or HRM Practices, reciprocities etc. But the main and most important player is the employee’s Moral and Motivation. There are various theories prevail on the issue and the peers and practitioners are working to refine those, however, in the local context of Pakistan, there is a very little work has been undertaken in this regard. This study is aimed to fill the gap to some extent. Towards the end we will see the relevance and applicability of these internationally accepted concepts in the back drop of Pakistani PSDs operating in Rawalpindi.

[Hammad Raza.. HRM Practices, Employee Motivation and its Effects on Perceived Performance. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4064-4072]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 605

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.605

 

Keyword: HRM, Employee, Performance, Public

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Impact of E-Learning on Higher Education: Development of an E-Learning Framework

 

*Kifayat Ullah Khan, **Atta Badii

 

*National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST), Pakistan

**University of Reading, UK

Kifayat.Khan@ceme.nust.edu.pk

 

Abstract: The Internet has a tremendous technological expanding power. It has the capability to transform not only the way people accept and adopt knowledge but also to change traditional methodology and architecture of education system around the world, mainly with the method of teaching and student interaction in and with subject materials and all related relevant information. E-learning is rapidly emerging as an education tool in Pakistan just like rest of the world that uses internet technology to provide knowledge and training in Pakistani industry in general and higher education institution in particular. Using Internet as an e-Learning delivery system has created a new concept, and new initiative in the mind of business market stakeholders as well as the education institution of Pakistan, indeed e-learning has provided a platform through which university has reached out of their geographical boundaries. This has not only given them a boost of reaching out for the students but also established themselves as global education institutions in their respective fields. This paper examines the issues surrounding the impact of e-Learning on graduate student and also to develop a framework for the higher education institution within the available resources in Pakistan IT infrastructure.

[Kifayat Ullah Khan, Atta Badii. Impact of E-Learning on Higher Education: Development of an E-Learning Framework. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4073-4082]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 606

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.606

 

Keywords: E-learning, Higher education, Stakeholder, Frame Work

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Prevalence of House Dust Mites in Two Levels of Dorms (Hotel and Motel) of Jaddah District Western Saudi Arabia

 

Nada Othman Edrees

 

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, king Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

nada.algalb@hotmail.com; nedrees@kau.edu.sa; dr_nada_edrees2006@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was designed to test the null hypothesis that the different level of the dorms has a real effect on the quantitative and qualitative existence of the house dust mites (HDM). Also to determine the most important factors that control the distribution and colonization of HDM. The study was conducted at Jeddah city western Saudi Arabia. 12 dorms were tested; 6 hotels and 6 motels. The samples were collected twice a month along three months (Dec, Jan., Feb. 2009). Mites were separated using modified Berleses tunnel. Ten species of HDM were extracted from studied dwellings. The mite assembelage in motels was dominated by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (23.7%). In hotels to the mite collection was co-dominated by D. pteronyssinus (27.6 %) and D. farinae (21.8 %). The mean total individuals in motels was 5012 individuals per 50 grams of dust in correspond to 2149 individuals per 50 grams of dust in the hotels. Up to 66.6% of the motels had a population of more than 100 individuals per 1 gram of dust, however non of the studied hotels embraced more than 50 individuals per 1 gram of dust. In conclusion the level of the dorms had a clear effect on the quantitative existence of HDM, but a qualitative effect can not be identified. Also, it was speculated that the most frequent cleaning as well as density and economic status of residents were the main factors matched with a direct impact on the mite contamination rate of the dorms.

[Nada Othman Edrees. Prevalence of House Dust Mites in Two Levels of Dorms (Hotel and Motel) of Jaddah District Western Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4083-4092]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 607

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.607

 

Keywords: House Dust Mite; Dorms; Hotel; Motel); Saudi Arabia

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Improving the Modified Gause – Seidel Method for M - Matrices

 

Nasser Mikaeilvand1 and Zahra Lorkojori2

 

1Department of Mathematics, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

2Young Researchers Club, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

Corresponding author: Nasser Mikaeilvand, email: Mikaeilvand@IauArdabil.ac.ir

 

Abstract: In, M. Usui et al. have reported the modified Gauss-Seidel method with a preconditioner (). The preconditioning effect is not observed on the n-th row. In this paper, to deal with this drawback, we propose a new preconditioner. In addition, the convergence and comparison theorems of the proposed method are established.

[Nasser Mikaeilvand and, Zahra Lorkojori. Improving The Modified Gause – Seidel Method For M - Matrices. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4093-4098]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 608

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.608

 

Keywords: M-Matrices, Preconditioned system, Gauss-Seidel method

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A study on genetic diversity in lentil genotypes using seeds morphologic and protein traits

 

Parisa Aghili*, Ali Akbar Imani and Yousef Alaei

 

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

Corresponding author: Parisa Aghili. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran. Email: parisaaghili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The following research tries to study the relation and correlation between grain yield and other quantitative traits in lentil using 29 lentil genotypes (including 26 foreign genotypes and 3 control genotypes). The research was conducted in Ardabil Agriculture and Natural Resources Research through augmented method in randomized complete block design in three replications, during 2011. During the agricultural season, certain traits such as green percentage, days to flowering, number of hooks, hook size and grain yield were measured. Subsequent to the variance analysis, data related to the control cultivars, and also estimation of blocks effects and amending each studied treatment on the studied traits, the relation between evaluated traits and grain yield were studied. Results suggested that there is a positive significance relation between the green percentage, hook size, plant height, 100 pods weight, 100 seeds weight, biomass and number of filled pods on the one hand and the grain yield on the other. Step-by-step multiple Regression results indicated that among the studied traits, biomass and number of secondary branches explain more than 84% of the grain yield changes so that, the increase in biomass and decrease in number of secondary branches, increase the yield. Cluster analysis divided studied genotypes into three groups in which, the first group with genotype numbers of 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15 and 21 was the best group. According to the protein data, the highest number of protein band (22) were observed in genotype numbers of 8, 21 and control genotype number of 27 while the lowest number of protein band (16) were observed in genotype numbers of 19 and 20, so that bands numbers of 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15 and 16 with respective molecule weight of 118.35, 112.71, 99.77, 86.17, 80.09, 44.58, 42.46, 40.43 and 38.51 KD a were diagnosed as polymorphism bands. According to the protein data, genotypes were divided into three groups in which the third group with 12 genotypes of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20 and 22 had a higher value as the delayed, high yielding and long-legged genotypes along with most of studied traits. The farthest distances from protein bands were related to the genotypes numbers of 23 with 14, 17, 18 and 19. Results suggested that grouping based on morphologic data was to 35% consistent with protein data.

 [Parisa Aghili*, Ali Akbar Imani and Yousef Alaei. A study on genetic diversity in lentil genotypes using seeds morphologic and protein traits. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4099-4106]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 609

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.609

 

Keywords: genetic diversity, morphological traits, protein, lentil, electrophoresis

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History of Timurid architecture in second half of 14th and 15th Century

In Khorasan and Transoxiana

 

SeyedHesamodin Tabibian

 

Academic staff and faculty member, Department of Architecture, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran, E-mail: tabibian@riau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Timurid architecture, in many aspects, is impressed by Seljuq to Ilkhan architecture, which is viewed by the experts as normal substitute of Ilkhan architecture. In this paper, by use of historical evidences and monuments remained from Timurid dynasty and mentioning significant initiations of this period; it is suggested that the developed Timurid architecture differs from Ilkhan one from the type point of view, grade and rank. Also, the role of Timur in creating the new style of ‘Timurid architecture’ is identified and its features are classified in order to draw a distinction between Timurid architecture and previous styles. Here, the effects of Timurid style architecture on the architecture in next eras have also been studied. Timurid dynasty as an important part of the history of architecture due to its current geographical extent and political borders has less been studied by the researchers, since historical buildings of Timurid dynasty are located in a variety of countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, where are hard to access. This paper, by presenting introducing historical evidences, identifies the style and characteristics of Timurid architecture and will expose it to be criticized further by the experts.

 [SeyedHesamodin Tabibian. History of Timurid architecture in second half of 14th and 15th CenturyIn Khorasan and Transoxiana. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4107-4110]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 610

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.610

 

Keywords: history, Timur, Timurid architecture, architectural style, Khorasan, Transoxiana

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Response to grain yield in different varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) In soil salinity in the Astara region

 

Davar Molazem1, Jafar Azimi2*, Marefat Ghasemi3, Ali Khatami4 and Mohsen Hanifi5

 

1Department of Agriculture Astara branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran, E-mail d.molazem@iau-astara.ac.ir

2Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

3Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

4Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

5Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 

ABSTRACT: To study the effect of salinity experiment was performed in Astara region. Cultivars included cultivated in two pieces of land in Astara: one with normal soil and the other with salty soil. Maize cultivars were experimented in three replications on the basis of randomized complete block design. During the experiment, yield characteristics such as ear length, number of rows in ear, Number of grains per row, Number of grains per ear, Biomass per plant, Biological yield in plot and Grain yield in plots were measured. In Saline conditions, the maximum ear length was seen in KSC689; which with other genotypes was difference significant. In The number of rows per ear in both normal and salt stress, a significant difference was observed between genotypes. The minimum number of rows per ear was observed in SC604. Grain weight per ear showed significant difference. Maximum grain weight in ear in normal conditions was observed in S.C704; that with all other varieties showed significant difference. The highest yield was observed in normal conditions in S.C704, that with KSC689, KSC647, SC301 and SC540 showed no significant difference. Lowest yield in saline conditions was observed in SC301.

 [Davar Molazem, Jafar Azimi, Marefat Ghasemi, Ali Khatami and Mohsen Hanifi. Response to grain yield in different varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) In soil salinity in the Astara region. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4111-4114]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 611

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.611

 

Key words: Salinity, Maize, grain yield, Biomass

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Samarkand Jame' Mosque (BibiKhanym Mosque)

 

SeyedHesamodin Tabibian

 

Academic staff and faculty member, Department of Architecture, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

Corresponding Author: tabibian@riau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The most important mason remaining from Timurid dynasty is BibiKhanym Mosque or Timur'sJame Mosque. Timur named this mosque after his legendary wife, BibiKhanym. Construction of this mosque altered architectural style and played an important role in introducing new operational approaches for building Jame' mosques. In this paper, important characteristics of this historical mosque have been presented by further research, study and introduction of this mason. Some designing innovations for this building include four minarets at external corners and a pair of minarets at both sides of southern porch, which was prevalent in Iranian architecture in eastern areas. For example, other innovations including design and construction of two domes behind east and west porches of mosques such as Imam Mosque in Isfahan were taken into consideration.

 [SeyedHesamodin Tabibian. Samarkand Jame' Mosque (BibiKhanym Mosque). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4115-4119]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 612

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.612

 

Keywords: Jame' Mosque, Amir Timur, BibiKhanym Mosque

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Effect of planting date and plant density on morphological traits and yield of four varieties of canola

 (Brassica napus L.) in Astara region

 

Jafar Azimi*, Marefat Ghasemi, Ali Khatami and Mohsen Hanifi

 

Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 

Abstract: In order to determine of plant density and planting date on morphological traits and yield of Canola a field experimental was conducted in 2008 at Astara region in a Split plot factorial in complete block design with four varieties and three replicates. Treatments were: planting date (08/10/13 and 08/10/28) and two level plant density (42 and 84 plants per m2). Mean comparison showed that in plant height, Global with 91.91 cm, maximum height and Falcon with 80.46cm height had the lowest (Table 2). Falcon with a 6/729 cm maximum length pods and PF7045 with 5.615 cm, had the lowest pod length. Mean comparison of Variety showed that maximum plant height, yield in plant, biomass plant, yield in plot, oil percentage and number of pods per plant was obtained in Global. Comparison of interaction between Planting date and density, for number of pods per plant showed that the highest number of pods per plant was obtained the first and the second density.

 [Jafar Azimi, Marefat Ghasemi, Ali Khatami and Mohsen Hanifi. Effect of planting date and plant density on morphological traits and yield of four varieties of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Astara region. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4120-4124]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 613

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.613

 

Key word: canola, plant density, yield, planting date

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The Relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust among male high school teachers in the city Isfahan in academic years 2011-2012

 

Mohsen Zamani Cheryani1, Badri Shahtalebi2 and Maryam Rahmanimanesh3

 

1Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

2Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

3Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

 

Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust among male high school teachers in Isfahan using a descriptive-correlation method. The study population consisted of all high school male teachers in the city in academic years 2011-2012 and they were 3932 people. Using Cohen et al,. Proposed table and a stratified random sampling method, proportional to the size of this study, 350 people were chosen to participate. The instruments used in this study were Aizenbergr et al,. organizational support (1986) and Sashkin organizational trust inventory (1988), respectively. Face and content validity of both questionnaires were confirmed by faculty advisors and several experts. Validity of the questionnaire was.91 for institutional support questionnaire and.78 for organizational trust questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, showing the high validity of the research instruments. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation, ANOVA and post hoc test were used. Results of the research main question showed that there is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust (0.01> P, r=0.398). The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and trust including the stability in managers behavior to different people (0.01> P, r=0.160), the stability of the manager's behavior in different situations (0.01> P, r=0.399), accuracy of information given by managers (0.01> P, r=0.475), true discourse of the manager to predict future (0.01> P, r=0.405), manager's promise and activity consistency(0.05> P, r=0.123), true discourse of manager to predict future outcome (0.01> P, r=0.484) and reliability of the manager (0.01> P, r=0.259). The results showed that there is no significant relationship between perceived organizational support and Manager's stability to different people (0.05> P, r=0.006), stability in manager's speech in various positions (0.05> P, r=0.019) and manager speech compliant with his past behavior (0.05> P, r=0.078). There was no significant difference between the respondents comment in any aspect of demographic factors, except of the degree of trust variable.

 [Mohsen Zamani Cheryani, Badri Shahtalebi and Maryam Rahmanimanesh. The Relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust among male high school teachers in the city Isfahan in academic years 2011-2012. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4125-4130]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 614

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.614

 

Keywords: perceived organizational support, organizational trust, teachers, education office

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Effects of geomorphologic characteristics on the hydrological response of Varband river basin, South of Iran

 

Marzieh Moghali1 and Mojtaba Khalilizadeh2

 

1Department of GeographyLarestan Branch, Islamic Azad University Larestan, Iran

Email:mmoghali@yahoo.com

Tel:+98-781-2249840, Fax:+98-781-2249845

2Department of Watershed ManagementScience and Research Branch

Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Email: mkhz57@gmail.com; Tel.:+98-21-44817170-4, Fax.:+98-21-44817175

*Corresponding author: mmoghali@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Water resource management in a basin depends upon the hydrological response of upstream basin area. Upstream basin area may produce different amounts of run-off for a given rainfall based on its hydrologic response. Present communications show the importance of geomorphologic characteristics in understanding the hydrologic response of a basin. This study is carried out through Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) analysis, wherein Horton’s morphometric ratios were used to define the drainage network in comparison with Snyder, SCS and Triangle unit hydrographs for determination of shape and dimensions of the outlet runoff hydrograph in the Varband river basin located in Fars province in Iran. Comparison of calculated and observed hydrographs showed that GIUH had the most direct agreement in two parameters of peak time and peak flow of direct runoff. Also, GIUH indicated the least amount of main relative and square error. Results also showed the efficiency of GIUH ratio for Snyder, SCS and Triangle hydrographs in the basin are 91.06, 99.11 and 88.64, respectively. The study shows the length ratio (RL) significantly influences the hydrologic response of the river basin. Hence, computation of this parameter should be included in the flood analysis of any rivers.

 [Marzieh Moghali and Mojtaba Khalilizadeh. Effects of geomorphologic characteristics on the hydrological response of Varband river basin, South of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4131-4139]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 615

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.615

 

Keywords: Geomorphologic characteristics, GIUH, hydrological response, Varband river

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Developing a Forecasting Model for Asphalt Rutting Potential Using Gyratory Compactor Parameters

 

1Hassan Ziari, *2Hassan Divandari, 3Hamid Behbahani and 4Mamoud Ameri

 

1Associated Professor of Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Islamic Azad University, Nowshahr Branch, Department of Engineering, Nowshahr, Iran

3 Professor of Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

4Associated Professor of Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: h.divandari@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT: Rutting is one of the most important deteriorations in flexible pavements which a significant amount of maintenance and rehabilitation funds are consumed for repairing it annually. On the other hand lack of a simple test to determine specimen resistance to permanent deformation as the main reason for asphalt rutting is sensible in Superpave first level mix design which owes considerable advantages in comparison with the marshall method. Prevalent methods of evaluating rutting potential of asphalt mixtures are usually expensive and time consuming. Mentioned parameters illustrates the necessity of developing a simple method, not only having fine precision but also be able to predict specimens rutting performance in the short term in laboratory. In this research two types of aggregates (silica and calcareous base), two types of gradation, two types of bitumen, two types of filler and three bitumen contents were used to prepare specimens. After modeling gyratory shear stress, the model and gyratory compaction slope parameters were used to develop two mathematical models to estimate specimen wheel Track apparatus rut depth. These models were validated using ANN and GA and make it possible to evaluate rutting potential while preparing specimens in laboratory to determine optimum bitumen content. Hence not only expensive instruments for rutting test aren’t necessary but a considerable reduction in mix design procedure time is gained.

 [Hassan Ziari, Hassan Divandari, Hamid Behbahani and Mamoud Ameri. Developing a Forecasting Model for Asphalt Rutting Potential Using Gyratory Compactor Parameters. Life Sci J 2012;9(4);4140-4149]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 616

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.616

 

Keywords: Rutting, Gyratory Compaction Machine, Wheel Track Apparatus, Shear Stress Curve

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Relationship between mental health and happiness, achievement motivation and academic success of male and female students of ISLAMSHAR AZAD University

 

Zahra Houshmand Neghabi and Sudabeh Morshedian Rafiee

 

Faculty member, Department of Commercial Management, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU),

Iran. E-mail addresses: ikiu2011@gmail.com

Assist. Prof. & Faculty Member, Department of Commercial Management, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad

University (IAU), Iran

 

Abstract: Increasing mental health is one of the main components in the process of raising the quality of university education. Considering this issue provides mental health in society. Male and female students’ Pathology is a new discussion that has recently been considered in universities. Psychological and emotional problems, educational problems and educational failure, the establishment of poor intellectual and political factions, drug addiction and other possible injuries must be needed to attention. Such damage has suffered enormous material and spiritual to the education and the university’s environment, and it can convert safe and scientific area of university to inappropriate and unsafe. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the mental health and happiness, achievement motivation and academic success of boys and girls students. The results show that According to the problems, difficulties and possible damage associated with male students, they don’t have similar conditions with girls’ students in terms of mental health and happiness, achievement motivation and academic success. So it will have more problems in different aspects of psychological trauma, social, educational and political.

 [Zahra Houshmand Neghabi and Sudabeh Morshedian Rafiee. Relationship between mental health and happiness, achievement motivation and academic success of male and female students of ISLAMSHAR AZAD University. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4150-4153]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 617

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.617

 

Keywords: Happiness and mental health, academic achievement, psychological issues

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Do Government financial and tax policy affect SME’s growth?

 

Roghayyeh Afshari1, Farzad Sattari Ardabili2 and Samad Ali3

 

1 Ministry of Science, Technology and Researches, Aras Institute of Higher Education

2 Department of management, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

3 Department of management, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: Farzad Sattari Ardabili, E-mail: farzadsattary@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The paper is based on the findings of a research project which aimed to identify the effects of governmental tax and finance policy on small and medium enterprises growth in Iran. To determine the factors that explain SMEs growth in Iran (Case of Ardabil Province), we used factor analysis based on a list of 26 questions about tax, tariffs and governmental policy that asked from 64 SMEs managers. Four dimension identified by factor analysis. Finally, correlation between factors and growth indexes exemined. The findings of the study lend support to this claim that incentives and discounts’ propriety with growth were the major determinants of the SMEs growth, and had significant relation with all the growth indexes. Differently, the effect of rates of credits on the number of staff revealed negative relationship.

 [Roghayyeh Afshari, Farzad Sattari Ardabili and Samad Ali. Do Government financial and tax policy affect SME’s growth? Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4154-4159]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 618

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.618

 

Keywords: Government financial; tax policy; affect; SME’s growth

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Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Popliteal Venous Aneurysms: Report of Two Cases

 

Xueli Guo1, Chuang Zhang 2, Yang Fu3, Yonggan Zhang4, Ningheng Chen5, Wenming Li6, Hongchao Fang7, Bing Liang8, Zifan Wang9

 

1. Department of vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China

Guoxueli2000@tom.com

 

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to explore methods for the diagnosis and treatment of popliteal venous aneurysms. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic and treatment processes used for 2 patients with popliteal venous aneurysms. The main symptoms in these 2 patients were pain and local swelling; pulmonary embolism (PE) was not found in these patients. Both the patients were treated using tangential aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrhaphy, followed by warfarin anticoagulation therapy for at least 1 year. Results: Both the patients recovered well with good popliteal vein shapes after surgery, as shown by angiography. No thrombosis-related complications were found until 1 year and 3 months after surgical intervention. Conclusion: Surgical resection should be performed as soon as possible after the diagnosis of popliteal venous aneurysm. Patients should be administered postoperative anticoagulation therapy to prevent thrombosis that may result from the potential risk of PE.

[Xueli Guo, Chuang Zhang, Yang Fu, Yonggan Zhang, Ningheng Chen, Wenming Li, Hongchao Fang, Bing Liang, Zifan Wang. Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Popliteal Venous Aneurysms: Report of Two Cases. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4160-4163]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 619

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.619

 

Keywords: Popliteal venous aneurysm; pulmonary embolism; anticoagulation; surgery; resection

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620

Investigating the Intermediate Role of Achievement Goals among Personality Traits and Educational Self-Handicapping Among University Students

 

Nahid Sameti

 

nsameti@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In order to investigate the role of achievement goals among personality traits and educational self-handicapping, 382 university students were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling and answered questions including subscales of achievement goals, personality traits, and educational self-handicapping. The results of the path analysis showed that euroticism has an indirect and negative influence on educational self-handicapping through mediating chievement goals. Moreover, the intermediate role of extroversion on educational self handicapping was not proved. Evidence shows that setting these goals is directed by various events and leads to different patterns of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes.

[Nahid Sameti. Investigating the Intermediate Role of Achievement Goals among personality Traits and Educational Self-Handicapping Among University Students. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4164-4166] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 620

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.620

 

Keywords: achievement goals, personality traits, educational self-handicapping, different patterns

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Study of Its Effect on Competitive Advantage

 

Seyed Karim Mousavy 1, Bahman Saeedian Rad 1, Mohsen Bujarpor 1, Behzad Mashali1

 

1. Department of Human Resource, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

k.mousavy48@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a managerially useful, end-to-end view dimension of the CRM process in organizations from a marketing point of view. Find solution for providing relation with customers in market and organizations specially those which are more dependent on information and knowledge since it is a critical element for them that determine their success. This perspective taken is customer based not the company's. We are going to find that how much the CRM could have effects on industrial competitive advantages to gain the above-average return for companies.

[Mousavy S K, Saeedian Rad B, Bujarpor M, Mashali B. CRM and Study of Its Effect on Competitive Advantage. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4167-4173] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 621

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.621

 

Keywords: Customer; Management; Competitive

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Coastline Change Detection using Remote Sensing and GIS at TONEKABON Coast Area during 1984 and 2010, MAZANDARAN PROVINCE, IRAN

 

Saddrodin Motevalli 1,*, Mohammad Mahdi Hosseinzadeh 2, Khabat Derafshi 3, Saideh Gharehchahi 3, Moharam Ali Alijani 4

 

1. Assistant Prof. of the Geography, Department of Geography, Nour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran

2. Assistant Prof. of Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3. M.Sc of Geomorphology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

4. M.Sc of Geomorphology, Department of Geography, Nour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran

*Corresponding Author Email: Sadr_m1970@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The coast is a special place on which Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Lithosphere are in contact to each other. Coastline is one of the most important linear features on the Earth’s surface showing a dynamic nature. The coast and its environmental management need information on coastline and its changes. Regarding to the sea level changes in the recent century, the coastline changes issue has introduced more consideration of social, economical and environmental aspects at Tonekabon coastal area, and has created some problem for the environment and residential areas. In this study, the common approaches for determination of coastline changes through Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques and also Satellite Images has been applied on Tonekabon coastline. The TM, ETM and ETM+ landsat satellite images in 1984, 2000 and 2010 were selected, and their geometric and radiometric error correction were done at pre-processing stage. At image processing stage, Band #5 being the best band of detecting water from land, and contrast enhancement, Thresholding and edge detecting filter as the best separation approaches were applied. Outputs in the form of raster layers, showed a zigzag-like coastline from 1984 to 2000 and 2010. Afterwards, raster data were converted into vector, and position changes of coastline for 41 points with an equal space of 1000 m were measured. Results showed an average displacement of 75.2 m toward coast during 1984 and 2000. The average change, during 2000 and 2010, was determined 32.9 m. In these years, most of the study area has encountered a retrograde water level and expansion of land and only in a few places small values of rising in sea level has been observed. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the applied methods in extraction of coastline and its change measurement, field measurement was also taken that Building destruction by sea waves, sinking several buildings under water, protecting of buildings against sea expansion and so on, are some witness for the methodology accuracy of this study in the coastline changes issue at Tonekabon City.

[Motevalli S, Hosseinzadeh M M, Derafshi Kh, Gharehchahi S, Alijani M A. Coastline Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and GIS at TONEKABON Coast Area during 1984 and 2010 MAZANDARAN PROVINCE, IRAN. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4174-4181] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 622

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.622

 

Keywords: coastline change; TM and ETM+ sensors; spatial detection; Tonekabon City.

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A Comparative Study an the Amount of Self-Esteem and a Aggression (Cognitive Features) of Students of Different Majors in Qaemshahr Humanities Faculty

 

Mohammad Aryana1, 2

 

1. Ph.D student, Psychology and Social Sciences Faculty, Baku States University, Baku, Azerbaijan

2. University of Farhangian, Lecturer of Faculty of Hazrat Fateme, Qaemshahr, Iran

 

Abstract: In this study on the amount ''self-esteem'' and 'aggression' of boy and girl students in the education year 2011-2012 was studied.As the purpose of the study was to investigate and compare the rate of cognitive features of ' self-esteem' and aggression of girls and boys students of different majors of Qaemshahr Azad university faculty of humanities, to do the researcher used the descriptive method. The sampling included 343 students of 11 majors chosen randomly of a population of 3431. To access the needed data, two tests of self-esteem of ''Cooper smith '' and aggression, test of '' Eysenck '' were employed. in the present study the general hypothesis of ''girl and boy students of different majors enjoy different levels of '' self-esteem'' and minor hypotheses of:1-students of different majors are different in the amount of '' self-esteem ''.2- Students of different majors are different as the rate of aggression is concerned and. 3- There is a meaningful different in boys and girls as for as the rate of self –esteem is concerned. 4-there is a meaningful different between boys and girls as for as ''aggression'' is concerned were studied. After a descriptive analysis of the gained data, the researcher found out that the greatest number of students is that of "Law students" with the frequency of 656, and the least number belongs to Educational Sciences students with the frequency of 112, while the biggest number of sample students belongs to law students with a frequency of 66 and the least number of the sample students chosen is that of educational sciences with the frequency of 11. The tables of data show that the greatest frequency of scores of "self-esteem" are respectively 27, 34 and 35.It shows the fact that "self-esteem" is relatively high and the biggest frequency of scores for "aggression" is respectively 33, 36 and 39,which indicates the fact that aggression is below average in the groups studied. The study also shows that the average of "self-esteem" scores is higher in girls than in boys, and the average of "aggression" is higher in boys than girls. The average of "self-esteem" scores in the students of Physical education, Law, English translation, Accounting, Banking and Custom Management are respectively higher than in other field students. It also shows that the average score for "aggression" in students is higher in the students of Agriculture Economic, Physical education, Accounting, and Administrative Management students, respectively, than in other fields of study students. Based on the inferential and deductive analysis, it was that there is not a significant and meaningful relationship between the fields of study in the dependant compound variables, that is self-esteem and aggression.(Partial Eta Squared = 0/059, Wilks Lambada = 0/88, P<0/005, F20/660 = 2/O54) The analysis of each of the dependant variables by itself using the "Ben Feroni's " alpha (0/025) shows that fields of study do not have that much effect on the dependant variables of self-steem and aggression (F=1/88, P=0/047). But the groups were different in self-steem just due to their fields of study, therefore, we can conclude that there is a meaningful difference between students of different fields of study as for as self-steem is concerned, but there is not such a meaningful difference as for as aggression is concerned as a dependant variable, i.e, the independent variable of field of study is effective on the level of dependant variable of self-steem, but it does not have such an effect on the level of aggression. Also, in the studied group, regarding the sex, there was not seen such a meaningful difference in the dependant variable of self-esteem. (p=0/309), but in the dependant variable of aggression there is a meaningful difference (p=0/000), it means that the independent variable of sex is determine in the level of dependant variable of aggression, but not on the level of dependant variable of self-esteem. Analyzing the Variance, the researcher found out that there is not any meaningful difference as far as level of self-steem is concerned (F=1/82, df=10 & P>0/005). Therefore, the first hypothesis was refuted. Also, by analyzing the Variance, the researcher found out that there is a meaningful difference between the students of different fields as far as the level of aggression is concerned. (F=2/874, df=10 & P<0.005) thus the second hypothesis was confirmed. Also, by calculating the "t-test", it was found that there is not a meaningful difference between boys & girls as far as level of self-steem level is concerned (P=0/312, df =341 & t=1/013), hence the third hypothesis is rejected. Calculating the "t-test" it was also found that there is a meaningful difference between boys & girls as far as the level of aggression is concerned. (P=0/000, df =341 & t= -6/426), accordingly the fourth hypothesis was approved.

[Aryana M. A comparative study an the amount of self-esteem and a aggression (Cognitive Features) of students 0f different majors in Qaemshahr humanities faculty. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4182-4185] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 623

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.623

 

Keywords: Self-esteem, aggression.

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Intelligent Fault Detection of Ball-bearings Using Artificial neural networks and Support-Vector Machine

 

O.R. Seryasat1*, J. Haddadnia2, Y. Arabnia 3, M. Zeinali4, Z. Abooalizadeh5, A. Taherkhani 6, S. Tabrizy 7, F. Maleki8

 

1, 4 Department of Electrical and Industrial Engineering, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

3,5,6,7 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

Corresponding author: *Omid.Seryasat@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Due to the importance of rolling bearings as one of the most commonly used industrial machinery elements, it is necessary to develop proper monitoring and fault diagnosis procedure to suppress malfunctioning and failure of these elements during operation. For rolling bearing fault detection, it is expected that a desired time domain analysis method has good computational efficiency. The interesting point of this investigation is the introduction of an in such systems through extracting features in time effective method for fault detection and diagnosis in such systems through extracting features in time domain from vibration signals, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SMVs) that used for classification of rolling-element bearing faults. The extracted features from original and preprocessed signals are used as inputs to the classifiers for two-class (normal or fault) recognition. The classifier parameters This features are classified successfully using SVM and ANN classifier, The classifiers are trained with a subset of the experimental data for known machine conditions and are tested using the remaining set of data. The procedure is illustrated using the experimental vibration data of a rotating machine. The roles of different vibration signals and signal preprocessing techniques are investigated The performance of SVM have been found to be substantially better than ANN with the entire feature set.

[O.R. Seryasat, J. Haddadnia, Y. Arabnia, M. Zeinali, Z. Abooalizadeh, A. Taherkhani, S. Tabrizy, F. Maleki. Intelligent Fault Detection of Ball-bearings Using Artificial neural networks and Support-Vector Machine. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4186-4189]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 624

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.624

 

Keywords: Fault diagnosis; Roller bearing; feature extraction; SVM; ANN

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625

Physiological Response of Sweet Wormwood to Salt Stress under Salicylic Acid Application and Non Application Conditions

 

Kourosh Eskandari Zanjani1*, Amir Hossein Shirani Rad1, Zahra Bitarafan2, Amin Moradi Aghdam1, Tofigh Taherkhani1, Pezhman Khalili1

 

1Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

2Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

* Corresponding Author: K.eskandarizanjani@tiau.ac.ir, Tel.: 00989122416401

 

Abstract: Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses affecting plant growth and productivity. To assess the effect of salt stress on physiological traits of sweet wormwood medicinal plant (Artemisia annua L.) under salicylic acid application and non application conditions a field study was conducted in Zanjan, Iran during 2010-2011 crop year in a four- replicated- factorial design laid out in randomized complete block with four salinity levels (0 (control), 4, 8, and 12 ds. m-1 NaCl) and two salicylic acid levels (salicylic acid non application (control) and salicylic acid application (0.5 mM solution). Chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, leaf electrical conductivity, stomatal resistance, leaf relative water content, and canopy temperature difference were determined. Results revealed that application of salicylic acid in both stress and non stress conditions increased the chlorophyll a and b content and also leaf relative water content, although leaf electrical conductivity, stomatal resistance and canopy temperature difference decreased by salicylic acid application in both stress and non stress conditions.

[Kourosh Eskandari Zanjani, Amir Hossein Shirani Rad, Zahra Bitarafan, Amin Moradi Aghdam, Tofigh Taherkhani, Pezhman Khalili. Physiological Response of Sweet Wormwood to Salt Stress under Salicylic Acid Application and Non Application Conditions. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4190-4195]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 625

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.625

 

Keywords: Artemisia annua; Physiological traits; Salicylic acid; Salinity

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626

A Novel Miniaturized Microstrip Low-pass Filter with Wide stopband using a Modified Hairpin Resonator

 

Hossein Shahbazitabar1, Mohsen Hayati*2, Fardad Farokhi1

 

1Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

2Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

*Corresponding Author: mohsen_hayati@yahoo.com, Tel +98-910-2911161

 

Abstract: In this paper, a novel miniaturized low-pass filter (LPF) with wide stopband and low insertion loss using a modified hairpin resonator is presented. By optimizing the dimensions of the modified hairpin resonator and addition of a symmetric semi-circular open-end unit as a suppressing cell, the undesirable response and unwanted harmonics are suppressed; hence, a wide stopband from 5.94 GHz to 32.27 GHz is achieved. The transition band is 0.4 GHz from 5.54 GHz to 5.94 GHz with the attenuation level of -3 dB and -20 dB, respectively. The proposed LPF with -3 dB cut-off frequency of 5.54 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. The size of the fabricated low-pass filter is only 73.84 mm2. The simulated results are compared with the measured results and good agreement between them is obtained.

[Hossein Shahbazitabar, Mohsen Hayati, Fardad Farokhi A Novel Miniaturized Microstrip Low-pass Filter with Wide stopband using a Modified Hairpin Resonator. [Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4196-4203]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 626

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.626

 

Keywords: Hairpin resonator, Low-pass filter, Wide stopband

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627

Wear behavior comparison between hard chrome and molybdenum based plasma spray coating on spheroid graphite cast iron

 

A.Taherkhani1*, A. Rahmani2, H. Dabaghha3

 

1,2,3. Department of mechanical engineering, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.

 Corresponding author:*a_taherkhany@yahoo.com

.

Abstract: In this article, wear behavior, hardness and adhesion of hard chrome coating and molybdenum based plasma spray coating on the base metal of spheroid graphite cast iron has been compared. First of all, sample from base metal with the dimension of 30× 120 mm were prepared, then on the samples, hard chrome and molybdenum based plasma spray coating with identical thickness has been devised. Metallographic, micro hardness and wear testing were done for comparison. Wear test results shown that in the similar condition for both coating, molybdenum based plasma spray coating has better wear resistance

[A.Taherkhani, A. Rahmani, H. Dabaghha. Wear behavior comparison between hard chrome and molybdenum based plasma spray coating on spheroid graphite cast iron. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4204-4209]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 627

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.627

 

Keywords: Hard Chrome coat, Molybdenum coat, cast iron base, mechanical properties, wear.

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628

According to Electronic causes and resolve the conflict with other evidence of the criminal law

 

Fatemeh ameri

 

MA Student of Criminal Law, Islamic Azad University, Bandarabas branch,Bandarabas,Iran

fatemehameri@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Today, most obviously in criminal matters, electronic Excursion to prove or detecting crime is very important. Environments that currently occur in the crimes and criminals, as well as extensive use of technology - new technologies, capabilities are considerable. So naturally one would need to invoke the court's e Excursion criminal in the contemporary world. Iran too is no stranger to the penal system. According to the Iranian legal system has both legal and moral system, Excursion, Excursion judge can be morally citing electronic Excursion will also be provided. For judges, the system must satisfy the conscience of ethical reasons and because it can be an electronic reason, simply based on the true path, and the judge may attempt to come to a verdict. it is raised. In addition, because the urethra should be clear that if this theory is confirmed by an expert or a judge of the high conflict, how it is. This article presents a brief and compact the material.

[Fatemeh ameri. According to Electronic causes and resolve the conflict with other evidence of the criminal law. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4210-4214] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 628

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.628

 

Keywords: e the reason digital evidence conflicts, mostly expertise, knowledge of the judge, electronic evidence

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629

Story writing in Iran and Arabic world

 

Dr.Mehranghiz Raisinezhad dobene 1, Vahid Mousanataj 2

 

1.Professor of Islamic Azad University, Branch Kohnuj, Iran

2.PhD Student Arabic Language and Literature, Kharazmi University, Theran, Iran

baranelight@yahoo.com, vahidnataj@yahoo.com, janafzai@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: As the title implies, the present work is on trend of story writing in Iran and Arabic world. The author tries to develop a picture of the evolution of story writing in Iran and Arabic world. Short story was first emerged in Iran and Arabic world in 3rd and 4th decades of 20th century, when pioneers of modernism found it essential to trigger evolution in literature. In this process, authors were successful in utilizing modern Western techniques for narrating stories pertinent to their society. Gradually they emerged as rivals to their Western counterparts.

[Mehranghiz Raisinezhad dobene, Vahid Mousanataj. Story writing in Iran and Arabic world. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4215-4220] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 629

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.629

 

Keywords: narrative literature, Iran, Arabic world

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630

Relationship between the dimensions of organizational structure and the dimensions of knowledge management in Tehran government suspended of iran

 

Leili naderi 1, Farshad hajalian 2

 

1. Department of management, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, firoozkooh, Iran

2. Department of management, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, firoozkooh, Iran

Leili_nadery@yahoo.com, f_hajalian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study evaluates the relation between organizational structure and knowledge management in the Tehran government suspended. Stephen.P.Robbins model is used for measuring organizational dimensions including formality, complexity and focus. Main Elements of knowledge management consist of 3 blocks: knowledge creation, knowledge transfer, knowledge maintenance. The population of this research is all of the Tehran government suspended managers and employees including 60 persons. In this research we used Krejcie & Morgan’s table to select the sample size. we carried out a survey by the means of knowledge management questionnaire and standard questionnaire of Robin’s structure among this sample. After collecting and analyzing data based on correlation coefficient of Spearman, the results clearly showed that there is a meaningful relation between organizational structure dimensions and knowledge management. In addition, we found out there is a relation between organizational formality and knowledge management. Moreover, there is a relation between organizational focus and knowledge management. The last recognized result was the relation between organizational complexity and knowledge management.

[Leili naderi, Farshad hajalian. Relationship between the dimensions of organizational structure and the dimensions of knowledge management in Tehran government suspended of iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4221-4227]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 630

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.630

 

Key words: Organizational Structure, Knowledge Management, Complexity, Formalization, Centralization, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Transfer, Maintain Knowledge

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631

The phenomenon of Information Technology and Enterprise Architecture of Electronics City

 

Zeynali Azim Ali1*, Behnoud Elnaz 2

 

1. Department of Architecture, Sardroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sardroud, Iran

2.Department of Architecture, Sardroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sardroud, Iran

E-mail: al.zeynaly@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Today, information technology as an emerging phenomenon has a special place in the world. Expansion of information and communication technology causes changes in many different fields, including the electronic city, municipalities and citizens. Electronic city and municipality require basic enterprise architecture. Enterprise Architecture is designed as a process based on the optimal architecture of electronics city. In order to develop electronic city, we should use enterprise architecture maturity. Therefore, one of the important needs of organizations is the choice of activities according to the existing constraints. The studies show that there is a close relation between information technology, enterprise architecture and the electronic city. The purpose of this research is to explain the concept of information technology, enterprise architecture and electronics city and what relationship they have with together. Do information technology, enterprise architecture and electronic city require each other?

[Zeynali Azim Ali, Behnoud Elnaz. The phenomenon of Information Technology and Enterprise Architecture of Electronics City. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4228-4234]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 631

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.631

 

Keywords: Information Technology, Enterprise Architecture, Electronics City, Enterprise Architecture Maturity Model

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632

The investigation of the mass media role in females trending towards general and competitive sports training

 

Amir Ghiami Rad (PhD), Esmail Moharami Aghdam, Jafar Barghi Moghadam (PhD), Asgar Zolfagari, Mir Hamid Salehian

 

Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: The purpose of this research is the investigation of the Mass Medias role on females trending towards general and competitive sports training. Statistical population of this research included East Azarbaijan managers working in physical education department of East Azarbaijan universities. 250 subjects were selected by multiple-stage sampling and were placed in four groups According to analytic nature of the research, after examining of validity and reliability of standard questionnaire, the data were collected through field method by using a standard questionnaire (α=0.82). Coefficient correlation and Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare the differences using SPSS coefficient software version 20. The results of the research showed that the Mass Medias play important role in altering female tendency towards general sports training. However, there is not significant relationship between aims of physical education and Mass Medias’ aims.

[Amir Ghiami Rad, Esmail Moharami Aghdam, Jafar Barghi Moghadam, Asgar Zolfagari, Mir Hamid Salehian. The investigation of the mass media role in females trending towards general and competitive sports training. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4235-4239]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 632

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.632

 

Key words: Public press, general sports training, competitive activities, athletic females, non-trained females

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Numerical solution for pricing Asian option by using Block-Pulse functions

 

1K. Maleknejad and 2M. Jahangiri

 

1.2. Department of Mathematics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU)- Tehran, Iran.

 

Abstract: The valuation of path dependent Asian contingent claims is a difficult matter in mathematical finance. Only in some simple cases the no-arbitrage price of a path dependent contingent claim is computed in closed form. The numerical methods for solving arising equations are limited. In this paper, we propose a new method based on Block- Pulse Functions QUOTE   their operational matrix and direct method. Furthermore, we obtain an estimation of the error bound for this method by projection operator and prove the method is convergent. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this approach.

[K. Maleknejad and M. Jahangiri. Numerical solution for pricing Asian option by using Block-Pulse functions. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4240-4245]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 633

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.633

 

Keywords: Black-Scholes equation, Block Pulse Functions, Partial differential equation, Asian option dependent problem, Exotic financial derivatives

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Rationality and wisdom in Mowlana’s Masnavi Manavi

 

Dr. Dehghan Ali and Tehranchi Mehdi

 

Department of Persian Literature and language, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

 

Abstract: Wisdom and rationality are one of issues considered by the philosophers, mystics and the thinkers. Among these groups, the mystics have had especial attention to this issue. Mowlana is not exception. During cultural history of Iran, because of some important historical events, there had been formed anti- rationalism and along with it the anti- philosophy movements. Majority of had had suppressed the wisdom and reasoning so that this has led to our poets and authors’ world. Prominent poets such as Khaghani, Sahib Tabrizi and even Hafiz denied wisdom. There is a unique person, who appreciated the value and place of wisdom, thinking, is Mowlana Jalal Aldin. There is a considerable difference between Mowlana and his contemporaries and the other poets before him as the result of different ways in thinking. He is closer to the truth. In this paper we tried to explain this fact that Mowlana has never been against philosophy and wisdom. However, he is a unique person who appreciated and understood the place of wisdom and emphasized its dignity.

[Dehghan Ali and Tehranchi Mehdi. Rationality and wisdom in Mowlana’s Masnavi Manavi. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4246-4250]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 634

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.634

 

Keywords: Mowlana, wisdom, general wisdom, partial wisdom, philosophy, love

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A Review on Causes and Factors Affecting on the Power Structure of Rural Culture in Iranian Society of Post-Islamic Revolution

 

Mohsen Alini1, Maryam Bijani2

 

1. AssistantProfessor of Planning Economic and Rural Development Research Institute

2Faculty member of Higher Education Institute of Maziar

Corresponding author: ma_200721@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Although, historically, the political power structure of Iranian society has partly been under the influence of the structures of rural, tribal, and also traditional urban culture, this trend has been accelerated after the revolution in 1979 due to extreme migrations of villagers to cities and the intermingling of the rural-urban culture and also taking power of resented social groups with rural origins. Coming to the power of these social groups has made a kind of duality in Iran’s political power structure. This duality led to some turmoil and disorder among government and the people on national interests and solving the problems of the society. The present article tries to examine causes and factors affecting this dispute and considers the cognitive aspects of this issue, particularly the sociological aspects. The results of this study show that the political structure in Iran and its structural characteristics are under the influence of rural culture and socio-economic aspects. In other words, the political power structure is the result of social and rural connections.

[Mohsen Alini, Maryam Bijan. A Review on Causes and Factors Affecting on the Power Structure of Rural Culture in Iranian Society of Post-Islamic Revolution. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4251-4259]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 635

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.635

 

Keywords: political power structure, rural power, Post-Islamic Revolution

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A Comparative Study for Evaluation of Different Brands of Metformin Hydrochloride 500 Mg Tablets Marketed in Saudi Arabia

 

Samar A. Afifi*1, 2 and Shaimaa Ahmadeen1

 

1 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2 Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.

safify@ksu.edu.sa

 

Abstract: The aim of the present study was the evaluation and comparison between six different Metformin hydrochloride brands which are commercially available in the Saudi Arabia market. The physicochemical equivalence of six brands of Metformin hydrochloride tablets were determined through the evaluation of both official and non-official standards according to the USP pharmacopoeia including uniformity of weight, friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution rate and drug content. A variation of the concept of dissolution efficiency (DE), known as predicted availability equivalent (PAE), was used to predict the likely in vivo bioavailability. All the tested six brands were bioequivalent and complying with the official tests for weight variation, friability, disintegration and dissolution tests. The friability test was within the specified limit. All formulations were disintegrated within 15-30 min. The tested brands were identical according to their dissolution evaluation. Only Glucare® was nonequivalent to the innovator Glucophage®. The percentage content of active ingredient of six brands of Metformin tablets showed values within the monograph specifications (95-105%). All the six brands evaluated in this study could be considered biopharmaceutically and chemically equivalent and therefore they can be substituted with the innovator product in clinical practice except Glucare®. Therefore, patients can safely switch from one brand to another.

 [Samar A. Afifi and Shaimaa Ahmadeen. A Comparative Study for Evaluation of Different Brands of Metformin Hydrochloride 500 Mg Tablets Marketed in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4260-4266]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 636

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.636

 

Keywords: Dissolution test, Metformin hydrochloride, Quality control of tablets

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Effect of Selected Physical Activities on Social Skills among 3-6 years old Children

 

 Masoumeh Hashemi1, Alireza Roonasi2, Reza Saboonchi2, Mir Hamid Salehian3

 

1. Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Hamadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran

2. Department of Physical Education, Bourojerd branch, Islamic Azad University, Bourojerd, Iran

3. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Masomeh_hashemy@yahoo.com, Roonasi.sportm5@yahoo.com, sabonchi_reza@yahoo.com,

Mh_salehian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The preschool years are critical in the development of basic cognitive and social skills. Physical activities give a child a chance to practice social skills such as sharing, turn-taking, cooperating and negotiating, and encourage the development of values such as fairness and respect for others. The aim of this study was the effect of selected physical activities on social skills and behavior problems among 3-6 years old children. Sixty children enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Social skills and behavior problem was assessed by PKBS-2 (Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales). Gymnastic skills as selective physical activity were performed by experimental group for twelve weeks; two sessions per week. At the end of the period, both groups participated in the post test with PKBS-2. The data were analyzed with T- test. Results showed that at pre-test no significant difference was seen for the means of social skills and behavior problems between experimental and control group. But after twelve weeks gymnastic skills significant difference was observed between pre and post- test in experimental group at all social skills according to reports of parents. In addition significant difference was not observed in control group. This study showed that selected physical activities (gymnastic) are led to improvement social skills among 3-6 years old children.

[Masoumeh Hashemi, Alireza Roonasi, Reza Saboonchi, Mir Hamid Salehian. Effect of Selected Physical Activities on Social Skills among 3-6 years old Children. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4267-4271]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 637

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.637

 

Key words: Social skills, PKBS-2 Questionnaire, physical activity

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MTHFR 677 C→T Polymorphism and the Risk of Cardiac Septal Defects: A Pilot Study

 

Omneya I Youssef 1 and Ghada M El Sayed 2

 

1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

2 Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

1 batata88888@yahoo.com, 2elsayed276@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common birth defects. The majority of CHDs are polygenic diseases affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Identification of the candidate genes in folate metabolism has suggested that the 677C→T polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene may be particularly associated with the risk of CHDs. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of MTHFR 677C→T locus polymorphism as a risk factor for cardiac septal defects (CSDs). Forty- two patients and 90 age and sex matched infants as control group were investigated. Eleven (26.2%) patients presented with isolated atrial septal defect, (ASD), 18 (42.9%) with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD), 8(19%) with combined ASD+VSD, and 5 (11.9%) with atrioventicular canal (AV) canal. The investigation of MTHFR 677 C→T polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The resulting odds ratio (OR) for patients carrying MTHFR C677T mutation was 1.8 (95% CI 0.86-3.84, x2 =1.48, p = 0.11) compared to the control and the OR for MTHFR 677CT genotype for patients was 2.13 (95% CI 0.97-4.69, x 2 =3.63, p = 0.06) attaining only marginal significance compared with TT and CC genotype in control. Patients with AV Canal showed significantly (p = 0.007) higher percentage of CT genotype (OR 1.19 95% CI 1.0-1.4) when compared with control. Patients with combined ASD and VSD showed significantly (p =0.05) higher percentage of CT genotypes (OR 4.68 95%CI 1.03 -21.31) when compared to the control. In conclusion we suggest MTHFR 677CT genotype as a risk factor for AV canal and combined ASD + VSD, and because of the strong relation of this enzyme with folic acid we recommend preiconceptional folic acid supplementation and food fortification which might decrease CSDs in Egypt.

[Omneya I Youssef and Ghada M El Sayed. MTHFR 677 C→T Polymorphism and the Risk of Cardiac Septal Defects: A Pilot Study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4272-4275]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 638

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.638

 

Key words: Congenital heart disease; folic acid; MTHFR polymorphisms

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Effect of Aerobic Exercise on HbA1C, Serum Insulin Level, C-peptide and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Women with Type II Diabetes

 

1Seyed Mahmoud Hejazi, 1Mahmoud Soltani*, 2Masoud Zare, 1Salehe Nornematolahi, 3Farnaz Aminian

 

1- Department of Physical Education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

2- Instructor of community health nursing, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3- MSc of Physical Education and Sport Sciences

Soltani.mahmood@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes is the most common chronic diseases in addition to creating disability and reduced quality of life for many patients, costs to patients and their families and the community to enter. Major disruption in Type II Diabetes: Role of insulin resistance and secretion is abnormal is that the role and importance of the role of insulin resistance in insulin secretion disorder created by the disease and various complications such as cardiovascular complications, diabetic foot, and kidney failure is identified. The present study surveyed the impact aerobic activities selected eight weeks on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance Peltry c and type II diabetes women. Methods: Type of applied research and methods, semi-empirical. Among the 800 female patients with diabetes type II, 30 patients with diabetes type II with age range 40 to 60 year range blood sugar between 150 to 250 mg per dL were selected randomly and divided into two group as control and empirical groups. Selected activities include eight weeks of aerobic exercise for three sessions per week and each session for 50 minutes with intensity of 60 to 70 percent maximum heart rate on the bike and the treadmill was power meter. Before exercise after 12 hours fasting subjects of both groups value 10 ml blood was taken from the elbow vein. Bloodletting second time after eight weeks of aerobic activity, such as the first step was taken. In analyzing data from paired t test was used. Significant level in this study p≤05 is. Results: Selected aerobic exercise on glycosylated hemoglobin hba1c Peltry plasma insulin concentration c and create meaningful change. But in reducing insulin resistance was not significant. General conclusions: Exercise intensity% 60% 70 HRR in type II diabetes increases in plasma insulin concentration and decrease glycosylated hemoglobin Peptide c (HBA1C) is. Diabetes experts are so that the exercise as complementary therapy along with drug treatments to use.

[Seyed Mahmoud Hejazi, Mahmoud Soltani, Masoud Zare, Salehe Nornematolahi, Farnaz Aminian. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on HbA1C, Serum Insulin Level, C-peptide and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Women with Type II Diabetes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4276-4279]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 639

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.639

 

Keywords: diabetic women, aerobic power, aerobic exercises selected physiological factors

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The effect of aquatic aerobic training on endurance walking in Multiple Sclerosis patients

 

1Seyed Mahmoud Hejazi, 1Mahmoud Soltani*, 1Salehe Nornematolahi, 2Masoud Zare,3 Saman nejatpour

 

1- Department of Physical Education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

2- Instructor of community health nursing, Mashhad university of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran

1- Department of Physical Education, shirvan branch, Islamic Azad University, shirvan, Iran

Soltani.mahmood@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Background and objectives: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic and debilitating disease of the nervous system that destroys the central nervous system myelin. The experimental evidence demonstrated the positive effects of physical activity on reducing the symptoms of MS patients The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aquatic aerobic exercise for two months of endurance training on the water was walking in female multiple sclerosis patients. Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental research that the subjects were 40 female multiple sclerosis patients in Mashhad. Sampling method was simple randomized. They were randomly assigned into two groups; one control group with 20 subjects and one experimental group with 20 subjects. The training program was implemented on the experimental group for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week at the intensity of 50-60% maximum heart rate. Walking endurance was measured with a 6 minutes' walk test in pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed by independent t-tests with using SPSS 16. Results: No significant difference in walking endurance between the two groups were observed in pre-test step; but there was significant difference in mean of walking endurance between the two groups in post-test step (p<0.001). Conclusion: Aquatic aerobic training increases walking endurance in multiple sclerosis patients. Based on the present finding, the therapists may use aquatic aerobic training as a supplementary treatment beside medications for the multiple sclerosis patients.

[Seyed Mahmoud Hejazi, Mahmoud Soltani, Salehe Nornematolahi, Masoud Zare, Saman nejatpour. The effect of aquatic aerobic training on endurance walking in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4280-4283]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 640

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.640

 

Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, aquatic aerobic training, endurance walking

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Atrophy of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Subsequent Bovine Johne’s disease: A Histopathological Study

 

Yones Anzabi1*, Mohammadreza Valilou2, Ali Pilevar3

 

1- Department of Pathobiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

3- Undergraduate Student of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: Johne's disease is chronic enteritis of ruminants caused by the aerobic bacterium Mycobacterium johnei (syn. M. paratuberculosis). The disease is widely distributed and causes substantial economic losses through death and loss of productivity during the prolonged preclinical stage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection causes atrophy in bovine intestinal epithelial cell atrophy or not. Samples of ileum or ileocaecal tissue from 10 cows were used. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution then were transferred to pathology laboratory of Islamic Azad University. Compatible lesions and acid fast bacilli were previously confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin and ZN staining performed following routine techniques. This effect appeared to require viable bacilli, and exhibit a significant increase atrophic change in epithelial intestinal cells.

[Yones Anzabi, Mohammadreza Valilou, Ali Pilevar. Atrophy of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Subsequent Bovine Johne’s disease: A Histopathological Study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4284-4288]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 641

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.641

 

Key Words: Johne’s disease, Atrophic chronic Enteritis and Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis.

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Sociological position of women in the context of cultural development

 

Shahrbanoo Chatri

 

phD student of Sociology, Department of Social Philosophy, Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan

shchatri@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: UN Development Plan of 1993 linked the concept of development to human development. UN believes that development should include human dimension. Human development means investment in human abilities and competences through educational and skills development programs. Human development involves providing opportunities for participation. Human participation is the core of UN views (UNDP - 1993). This study examines the relation between female development variables. These variables are female share of or participation in employment, parliament seats, legislature, education, sciences, technology, and health. The variables are studied in the context of female development in Iran and developed countries. This study uses tables provided in UN Human Development Report in search of answers to questions relevant to female development indexes. This study attempts to find the standing of women in Iran and compares it to another country. A sustainable and comprehensive development program requires careful examinations of economic, social, political, and cultural development. The findings of this study indicated that Iran ranked 88 among 187 countries as a developing country based on human development indexes of 2011. Sweden is ranked 10 as a developed country. Sweden was randomly selected from top 25 developed countries for comparison.

[Shahrbanoo Chatri. Sociological position of women in the context of cultural development. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4289-4290] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 642

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.642

 

Keywords: Development, Human Development Index, Economic Development, Political Development, Social Development, Cultural Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development.

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Women's Satisfaction with the Quality of Antenatal Care at the Primary Health Care Centers in

Al-Madinah Al-Menawarh, KSA

 

Sahar Mansour Lamadah1&3 and Howaida Amin Hassan Fahmy Elsaba2&4

 

1Lecturer of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

2Lecturer of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt

3Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al- Mukarramah, KSA

4Faculty of Nursing, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Menawarh, KSA

dr.saharlamadah@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Antenatal care dramatically reduces infant and maternal morbidity and mortality. Early detection of potential problems leads to prompt assessment and treatment which greatly improves the pregnancy outcome. However, the quality of antenatal care and the availability of essential obstetric care are important for antenatal care to be effective. It is also being increasingly recognized that client's satisfaction should be taken into account as part of the assessment of quality of care. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess women's satisfaction with the quality of antenatal care at the primary health care centers in Al-Madinah Al-Menawarh, KSA. Methodology: Research design used for the study was a descriptive design. A simple random selection of six primary health centers which affiliated to the Ministry of health was done. The study subjects were 150 pregnant women attending the previously mentioned primary health care centers. An interviewing assessment sheet was designed by the researchers to collect the data. Results: More than two thirds of the clients (68.0%) and slightly less than two thirds of the them (62.0%) respectively were very satisfied with provider-client interaction and quality of antenatal care services. In addition, It can be observed that the older, low educated, housewives women and those who had small number of children were more satisfied with health care providers ' interaction and the quality of antenatal care services provided to them. However, the difference observed was statistically significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of the present study that although the overall satisfaction with the quality of antenatal care was high, some aspects of provided antenatal care were inadequate. Health care providers should work towards improving their technical competence.

 [Sahar Mansour Lamadah and Howaida Amin Hassan Fahmy Elsaba. Women's Satisfaction with the Quality of Antenatal Care at the Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Madinah Al-Menawarh, KSA. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4291-4299]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 643

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.643

 

Key words: women's satisfaction, quality of antenatal care

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Matricellular proteins: Recombinant expression of Smoc2 and Periostin in vascular cells

 

MohammadhosseinHassanshahi1 Dr. Ernst Poschl2

 

University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom

Phone: +44(0)1603 59 1754; Fax:+44(0)1603 59 2250; e.poschl@uea.ac.uk

 

Abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are a large family of macromolecular proteins which play crucial role in a wide range of biological activities such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Matricellular proteins are a novel group of ECM proteins which are postulated to have regulatory activities and modify the features of ECM and reactivity of cells. This project aims to investigate the role of two new members of matricellular proteins namely: Smoc2 and Periostin. Both proteins should be expressed and recombinantely purified and initial attempts need to define their biological functions. For this purpose, different cell types were used such as two types of pericyte-like cells (PVC cells): PVC/MI (Anxa5 LacZ/LacZ; knock out) and PVC/MII (Anxa5 +/LacZ; heterozygote) and HEK-293(Human embryonic kidney). The results indicate that Smoc2 and Periostin can be expressed and purified from HEK-293 cells. In contrast, transfection and expression in pericyte-like cells was very inefficient. Therefore, Smoc2 and Periostin proteins can be expressed and purified after improvements of transfection protocols and optimisation of experiments. Apart from expression and purification of proteins, initial experiments showed more effects on endothelial differentiation and cell binding capacities, but as both proteins can be expressed future investigation are require.

[Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi, Ernst Poschl. Matricellular proteins: Recombinant expression of Smoc2 and Periostin in vascular cells. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4300-4314] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 644

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.644

 

Keywords: Recombinant expression, Extracellular, purification, Matricellular

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Diagnostic value of Lasègue test in discopathy in patients with acute low back pain

 

Alireza Ala,MD1; Samad Shams-vahdati,MD1; Ali Meshkini,MD2; Yashar Hashemi-aghdam,MD3, Saeed Alizadeh-shahri, MD4, Ali Taghizadieh*, MD1

 

1.Assistant professor of emergency medicine, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran

2. Ascosiated professor of neurosurgery, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran

3.Young researchers club, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch

4. Resident of emergency medicine, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Ali Taghizadieh; Email: Alitaghizadieh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most important health problems. Disk herniation is one of the common reasons of low back pain. Accurate examination is the best and the simplest diagnostic methods. Physical finding and Straight Leg Raising (SLR) test, neurologic tests and other tests are used to know the exact site of herniation. Para clinical studies such as MRI should be used, because physical examination has not high specificity. Methods: 100 patients, who were referred with back pain or radicular pain to the emergency department of Imam-Reza hospital of Tabriz city, were enrolled in study. SLR, Reverse SLR and Cross SLR tests were done for all patients. Then patients were referred to the neurosurgeon for treatment. Lumbar MRI was taken for all patients. Then all patients were followed up and there data were collected. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of SLR test, Cross SLR test and Reverse SLR test was 100%, 0% and 94.68%, 100% and 88.89%, 100%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between MRI and positive discopathy in examination and SLR (P=0.11). Conclusion: SLR has low sensitivity but high specificity. If it uses with physical examination it’s sensitivity increases but it’s specificity decreases. The most sensitive test for detection of low back pain is SLR and most specific test is Cross SLR.

[Alireza Ala, Samad Shams-vahdati, Ali Meshkini, Yashar Hashemi-aghdam, Saeed Alizadeh-shahri, Ali Taghizadieh. Diagnostic value of Lasègue test in discopathy in patients with acute low back pain. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4315-4318]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 645

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.645

 

Keywords: Straight Leg Raising, Low Back Pain, Discopathy

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Scaphoid Nonunion Treatment with Reverse Flow Vascularized Bone Graft from Distal Metaphysis of Radius

 

Jafar Ganjpour sales1, Amin Moradi1, Jafar Soleimanpour-mokhtarmanand1, Yashar Hashemi-aghdam2*, Behrouz Nazari3, Sanaz Rahimi4, Bahram Samadi-rad4

 

*Corresponding Author: E-mail: Dr.aghdam@gmail.com

1Assistant professor of orthopedic surgery, Department of Orthopedic surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

2*Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3Orthopedist, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

4 Member of Scientific Association of Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Iran

 

Background: The scaphoid is the most frequently fractured carpal bone. Those fractures are commonly difficult to diagnose and usually go undetected. If the patient does not get medical attention considering that it was a trivial wrist trauma, or if the patient is not appropriately immobilized for enough time, Healing will not occur, partially due to the scaphoid peculiar vascularity. The scaphoid nonunion treatment method is controversial. The aim must be bone healing with scaphoid shape restoration and ligament structure preservation. This study was aimed to evaluate the results of treatment of scaphoid nonunion with reverse flow vascularized bone graft from distal metaphysis of radius. Materials & Methods: In a quasi-experimental setting, 20 patients with scaphoid nonunion in Shohada Trauma Center of Tabriz were evaluated during 13 months. All these were operated and a reverse flow vascularized bone graft from distal metaphysis of radius was employed. Long and short thumb spike casting was applied tow times for 1.5 and 2 months respectively. Radiological union, range of motion, presence of pain and the degree of patients’ satisfaction were assessed. Results: Twenty patients, 19 males and 1 female with mean age of 25.15± 6.62(17-40) years were recruited. There were 17 waist and 3 proximal pole fractures. Preoperative pain and pain with decreased grip strength was seen in 11 and 9 cases, respectively. Postoperatively, the range of motion did not change significantly. The frequency of patients suffering from pain was significantly decreased at the end of study (100% to 25%; p<0.001). There were 7(35%) complications: pin fracture (2 cases), occupation change (2 cases), nonunion (1 case), delayed union (1 case), and the irritation of pin place (1 case). The man time of union- achievement was 10.71 ±1.62 (8-14) weeks. Eighty percent of the patients were highly to very highly satisfy with the procedure. Mayo wrist score was significantly increased after operation. Conclusion: This study showed that the treatment of scaphoid nonunion with reverse flow vascularized bone graft from distal metaphysis of radius is safe and effective. The risk of nonunion should be evaluated studies with larger sample sizes.

[Jafar Ganjpour sales, Amin Moradi, Jafar Soleimanpour-mokhtarmanand, Yashar Hashemi-aghdam, Behrouz Nazari, Sanaz Rahimi. Scaphoid Nonunion Treatment with Reverse Flow Vascularized Bone Graft from Distal Metaphysis of Radius. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4319-4323]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 646

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.646

 

Keywords: Scaphoid, Nonunion, Bone Graft.

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Evaluation of etiologies and results of treatment of septic arthritis of large joints in patients under 5 years old as a phenomenon needs emergency intervention

 

Amin Moradi1, Yashar Hasehmi aghdam2, Ali Sadighi3, Mohammad-ali Mohseni3, Bahram Samadi-rad4, Sanaz Rahimi5

 

*Corresponding Author: Bahram Samadi-rad; E-mail: Dr_samadirad@msn.com

1Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine.

2*Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3Associated Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine.

1Assistant Professor of Legal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine.

4Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch

 

Abstract: Objective: The basic goal of study is to determine the etiologies and treatment results of septic arthritis of shoulder, hip and knee joint in patients under 5 years old. Other purposes were estimation of the predisposing factors in development of septic arthritis, determination of frequency of clinical signs and symptoms in patients, determination of male-female ratio, estimation of importance of laboratory studies and most importantly evaluation of complications.Method and material: We studied 56 patients (under 5 years) who having septic arthritis in shoulder, hip and knee in Shohada Hospital between 2000-2005 years. We gathered the necessary information in a previously provided check list form. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and post-operatively. Results: 56 patients, under 5 years;(female: 17, male: 39) were treated for septic arthritis of the joints shoulder, hip and knee. 17 patients had knee septic arthritis, 33 patients had hip septic arthritis and 6 patients had shoulder septic arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism on all age groups.A good result has been found with arthrotomy with antibiotic therapy in these patients.In general predominance among males is evident. Conclusion: Although joint infections are quite common; the diagnosis of septic arthritis is not always straight forward. The most important goal in treating of septic arthritis is to confirm diagnosis and if possible identify the specific pathogen involved. Prompt arthrotomy and prompt evaluation of purulent joint fluid appears to be crucial both for preservation of articular cartilage and for resolution of the infection.

[Amin Moradi, Yashar Hasehmi aghdam, Ali Sadighi, Mohammad-ali Mohseni, Bahram Samadi-rad, Sanaz Rahimi. Evaluation of etiologies and results of treatment of septic arthritis of large joints in patients under 5 years old as a phenomenon needs emergency intervention. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4324-4328]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 647

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.647

 

Key words: Septic arthritis, Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Arthrotomy

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Comparative study of the sera concentration of prolactin and cortisol hormones in healthy cows and the cows with subclinical ketosis

 

Hasanpour, A., Amoughli Tabriz, B.

 

Clinical sciences department of the veterinary medicine faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: Understanding the pathogenesis and serum parameters of ketosis leads to proper diagnosis and choose of accurate preventional procedures. In this study 200 blood samples were collected through jugular vein from cows were at the pick of the production, randomly (2 months after parturition). Then serum separated and serumic values of the betahydroxibutyric acid (BHBA) were measured by Randox kit. The cows with BHBA >1.4 mmol/l, were considered subclinical ketosis group and cows that had BHBA <1.4 mmol/l were taken at normal group. There after the levels of prolactin and cortisol in the serum were measured using biochemical kits by ELISA in both groups. 14% of cows had subclinical ketosis. Results suggested that the cortisol and prolactin values in the serum of the in the subclincal ketosis group were higher than normal group and the difference of the means of these parameters were significant between the groups (p<0.05). There were significant correlation between BHBA and glucose with prolactin levels in the serum (r= 0.84, p<0.01 and r= 0.73, p<0.01 respectively). The correlation between levels of BHBA and glucose in serum with blood concentration of the cortisol were significant (r= 0.81, p<0.01 and r= 0.51, p<0.05 respectively). On the bases of the results obtained it is concluded that the increasing of sera concentrations of cortisol and prolactin hormones can confirm and prognose the subclinical ketosis in the dairy cows.

[Hasanpour, A., Amoughli Tabriz, B. Comparative study of the sera concentration of prolactin and cortisol hormones in healthy cows and the cows with subclinical ketosis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4329-4332]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 648

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.648

 

Key words: cow, subclinical ketosis, BHB, prolactin, cortisol

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Non-Polynomial Spline Approach to the Solution of Twelfth-Order Boundary-Value Problems

 

Karim farajeyan1; Nader Rafati Maleki 2; Hassan Ranjbari dostbagloo2, Fakhradin Misagh2

 

1Department of Mathematics, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University,Bonab,Iran

2Department of Mathematics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Karim_Faraj@yahoo.com; N.Rafatimaleki@yahoo.com; hranjbari1347 @yahoo.com; misagh@iaut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Non-polynomial spline in off step points is used to solve special twelfth order linear boundary value problems. Associated boundary formulas are developed. Truncation errors are given. Two examples are considered for the numerical illustration. However, it is observed that our approach produce better numerical solutions in the sense that max ||is minimum.

[Karim farajeyan; Nader Rafati Maleki; Hassan Ranjbari dostbagloo, Fakhradin Misagh. Non-Polynomial Spline Approach to the Solution of Twelfth-Order Boundary-Value Problems. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4333-4337]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 649

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.649

 

Keywords: Twelfth -order boundary-value problem; boundary formulae; Non-polynomial spline.

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Relationship between Bleomycin hydrolase and Apolipoprptein E genes in Alzheimer patients in Northwest of Iran

 

Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei

 

Department of Physiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: smt1351@yahoo.com; Tel: +98-914 116 53 19

 

Abstract: Background and Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common and devastating neurodegenerative disease of the elderly. Several studies indicated a relationship between different genes and AD. Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) and the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene allele epsilon4 (E4) known as genetic risk factors for late-onset AD in sporadic cases. We have analyzed the association between the Apo E and BLMH polymorphisms in AD and control group in Northwest of Iran. Methods: EDTA blood from 62 AD and 65 controls were collected and DNA was extracted. The genes were amplified with SSCP-PCR for BLMH and RFLP-PCR for ApoE and allelic frequencies were performed. Then the results compared between AD cases and control group by chi- squared test. Results: Apo E4 and BLMH alleles frequencies are %8.33 Control, %18.33 AD and %20 Control, %36 AD respectively. Conclusion: According with our result, no association was observed between carrying the G allele of BLMH gene and AD in epsilon4 negative groups but carrying the epsilon4 allele is a dose-dependent risk factor for the AD and decrease the age of symptom onset (p < 0.05). Finally when considering the ApoE and BLMH polymorphisms alone, ApoE4 status is the best predictor of AD.

[Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei. Relationship between Bleomycin hydrolase and Apolipoprptein E genes in Alzheimer patients in Northwest of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4338-4340]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 650

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.650

 

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Apolipoprotein E, Bleomycin hydrolase, Northwest of Iran population

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The survey of gastrointestinal parasites in turkeys of Tabriz Iran

 

Hossein Hashemzade Farhang1, 2

 

1- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Corresponding author: Hossein Hashemzade Farhangt, Department of Pathobiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: hh_farhang@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In Iran, Tabriz city and suburb are the places both to a commercial poultry industry and to many small rural homesteads. Parasitic diseases are an important cause of hidden economic loss. Based of parasites economical importances, present study was done and results of this study revealed that prevalence of turkeys parsasites in Tabriz city and suburb are high. In our study, six helminth species comprising four nematodes and two cestode species were recognized. Raillietina tetragona (13%) and Raillietina echinobothrida (8%) were found species of cestodes and Ascaridia galli (18%), Heterakis galinarum (16%), Subulura brumpti (14%) were our found nematodes. Based of our results Tabriz city and suburb turkeys are very infected to different gastrointestinal parasites that cause many economical losses and hence must be considered with control programs.

[Hossein Hashemzade Farhang. The survey of gastrointestinal parasites in turkeys of Tabriz Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4341-4343]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 651

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.651

 

Key words: parasites, gastrointestinal, turkeys.

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652

Emission of X and QUOTE  rays by relativistic runaway electrons produced during atmospheric lightning

 

 QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  

 

aDepartment of Physics, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran

bDepartment of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Mahmoud_moslehi_fard@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Quasi electrostatic fields generated during the lightning produces runaway electrons with energies in MeV range. These relativistic electrons can emit X and QUOTE   rays over the lightning region. Light emission appears in the form of red sprites and blue jets in their path towards the lower ionosphere. Some of these energetic runaway electrons are trapped by the Earth radiation belt and some fall down in the magnetically conjugate point in the opposite hemisphere. Whistler waves excited by lightning can accelerate electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere. In this research work the distribution function of relativistic electrons energy is calculated. The angular distribution of the electron beam moving along the magnetic field, QUOTE  , the variation of the distribution function with the Earth magnetic latitude QUOTE   and the variation of electron beam radius with altitude resulted from diffusion and scattering are discussed. The variation of dynamic friction force with runaway electrons energies is plotted and the decrease in the scattering cross section with electrons energy is demonstrated.

[QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  , QUOTE  Emission of X and QUOTE  rays by relativistic runaway electrons produced during atmospheric lightning. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4344-4348]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 652

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.652

 

Key word: Lightning, Runaway electrons, Gamma ray, X ray, Whistlers waves

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Chebyshev Galerkin method for approximate solution of a class of Fredholm hypersingular integral equations

 

Y. Mahmoudi*, M. Baghmisheh, S.H. PishnamazMohammadi

 

Mathematics Department, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

E-mails: mahmoudi@iaut.ac.ir; baghmisheh@iaut.ac.ir; pishnamaz@iaut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: A simple galerkin method based on second type Chebyshev polynomials approximation method is employed to obtain approximate solution of a class of hypersingular integral equations of the second kind. For a class of hypersingular integral equation of the second kind, this method avoids the complex function-theoretic, long computations of collocation polynomial-based methods and produces the known exact solution or high accurate approximate solution.

[Y. Mahmoudi, M. Baghmisheh, S.H. Pishnamaz Mohammadi. Chebyshev Galerkin method for approximate solution of a class of Fredholm hypersingular integral equations. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4349-4352]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 653

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.653

 

keywords: Singular integral equations; Prandtl's integral equation; Legender polynomials

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Validation of a New version for Memory Assessment in a Group of Farsi Speaking, Shiraz residents

 

Fatemeh Hassani1, Hassan Ahadi2, Parviz Askari3, Abdolhamid Shariat4

 

[1]. Department of psychology, science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan, I.RIRAN

2. Professor, Department of psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3. Assistant professor, Department of psychology, Ahwaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran

4. MD, Assistant professor, of Neurology, Shiraz Neurosciences Research center, Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of medical science, Shiraz, Iran

merry_aban@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The general population is increasing due to factors such as promotion of public health and advancement of medical technology. Thus, investigating problems of older people is of paramount importance. Dementia disorders and the related cognitive and memory problems and lack of valid instruments for evaluations of cognitive factors have created a need to validate memory test batteries for the age group of 65-75 years. The present study sample included 90 subjects consisting of 45 men and women suffering from dementia and 45 normal subjects in Shiraz. The instruments used were the new sub-tests adapted from Wechsler Memory Scale–Third Edition, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and Mini-Mental State Examination. The results showed that the alpha coefficients was between (.66) and (.94) and for the memory subtest scores, and between (.51) and (.68) for Californian Verbal Learning Test. The validity indices for this scale were also assessed. The results were consistent with theoretical predictions. Taking into account the reported alpha coefficient and validity it can be concluded that the new memory test battery has satisfactory psychometric characteristics for 65-75 years population in Shiraz. [Fatemeh Hassani, Hassan Ahadi, Parviz Askari, Abdolhamid Shariat. Validation of a New version for Memory Assessment in a Group of Farsi Speaking, Shiraz residents. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4353-4359]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 654

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.654

 

Key words: memory, dementia, cognition, cognitive imparement

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The Effects of Low-Dose Lithium Carbonate on the Spermatogenic Parameter in the adults Male Wistar Rats

 

Shima Toghiani 1, 2, Mohammadreza Gholami 3, Abolfazl Zendedel 4, Vahideh Assadollahi3 (Corresponding Author)

 

1. Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

2. Department of Biology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

3. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran

4. Department of Internist, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran

anna.assadollahi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Lithium and its salt have been frequently used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Many studies explain side effects of treatment with high-dose of lithium in testes but effect of low-dose on testes was ambiguous. This study examined the adverse effect of low-dose of lithium carbonate on testicular tissue and its effects on the three hormones of LH, FSH and testosterone. Wistar adult male rats with mean weight of 200-250 g were divided into four groups, each group with 6 rats.Wistar adult male rats were treated for 48 days using three doses of10, 20 and 30 mg/kg BW by gavage and control group treated with sterile distilled water (solvent of lithium carbonate). Twenty four (24) hours after the last gavage, blood sample was drawn from the heart and the two testicles were removed from rats' body. Once the tissue was fixed with Bouin's fixative solution and the section slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Hormones were measured using a kit. The results showed that, compared to the control group, taking lithium carbonate in a 48-day period at all three doses resulted in a significant difference in the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatid and spermatozoa cells and in a specific dose-dependent decrease. Lithium carbonate could reduce the concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that through considerably decreasing testosterone production and preventing normal development of spermatogenic cells, lithium carbonate causes spermatogenic dysfunction through reducing the level of LH and FSH hormones that adjust this process.

[Toghiani T, Gholami M, Zendedel A, Assadollahi V. The Effects of Low-Dose Lithium Carbonate on the Spermatogenic Parameter in the adults Male Wistar Rats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4360-4367]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 655

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.655

 

Keywords: lithium carbonate, testicular tissue, testosterone, FSH, LH

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An Adaptive Stabilizer Based on Static Synchronous Series Compensator

 

Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mehdi Nikzad, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Mehdi.Nikzad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Low frequency oscillations (LFO) are mainly occurred in power systems due to insufficient damping torque. In order to damp out LFO, a supplementary stabilizing signal is required to be injected into power system. In this paper the application of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) to damp out the LFO is investigated. A supplementary stabilizer based on SSSC is assumed. An adaptive method is used to design the proposed stabilizer. The nonlinear time domain simulation results show the ability of the method in damping power system oscillations.

[Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mehdi Nikzad, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour. An Adaptive Stabilizer Based on Static Synchronous Series Compensator. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4368-4372]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 656

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.656

 

Keywords: Adaptive Control, Static Synchronous Series Compensator, Low Frequency Oscillations, Supplementary Stabilizer

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The Effect of Artificial Pollination and Different Dosages of Cycocel on Yield Components and Seed Yield in Hamedanian Alfalfa

 

 Setareh Nikzad1, Shahram Nakhjavan2, Maliheh Farsi3, Mojtaba Nikzad4, Mehdi Nikzad5

 

1 Young Research Club,Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran

2,3,4,5 Department of Agriculture, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran

1setare.nikzad @yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In order to study effect of difference dosages of Cycocel (CCC) and artificial pollination in yield Components and Seed yield in Hamedanian alfalfa in both purposes (forage-seed)an experiment in Agricultural Research Station of Borujerd under 2011-2012 years using split plot design by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out. In this experiment main treatments including Artificial pollination with Pulling rope under two stages with 70% levels pollination that this treatment in 100% pollination was repeated and 100% pollination and without artificial pollination was performed and sub treatments including difference dosages of cycocel hormones including levels (0- 1.6-3.2 -6.4) liter per hectare were performed. The results of analyses of variance were showed that artificial pollination effect in seed yield in 1% level probability and number of pods per plant, number of seed per pods and harvest index in 5% lever were significant. Also effect of hormone and interaction effect them with artificial pollination per seed yield and harvest index in 1% probability level and number of seed per pods in 5% probability lever were significant but number of pod per plant non significant. In this study the highest of seed yield in artificial pollination treatment in 100% + 70% levels and 3.2liter per hectare were found.

[Nikzad S, Nakhjavan S, Farsi M, Nikzad M, Nikzad M. The Effect of Artificial Pollination and Different Dosages of Cycocel on Yield Components and Seed Yield in Hamedanian Alfalfa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4373-4375]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 657

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.657

 

Key words: Cycocel (CCC); Artificial Pollination; Alfalfa Seed

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The application of research methods in physical education and exercise science master's thesis, University of Uremia and Tabriz (1384-1389)

 

Mahboubeh Miri1, Seyed Mohammad kashef2,mehrdad moharamzade3

 

1- Msc in sport science,sport science department, urmia university, urmia Iran

2- Associate professor, sport science department, urmia university, urmia, Iran

3- Associate professor, sport science department, urmia university, urmia, Iran

Corresponding author:Mahbubeh Miri; Email: m.sport8966@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study the research methods used in the Graduate Student Theses of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Uremia and Tabriz. Methods This study is content analysis and Bi biometric. The findings that The272thesesdefended Betweentheyears1384-1389Indicates that Most methods used by students Of then in research methods used Survey with relative abundance40%have been. And while the three methods of historical research, content analysis, and Bibliometric in thesis has not been used.It is widely distributed in different courses, and other methods are also used Men without exception one of the methods used in the thesis is a survey. The present findings indicate that the method over other methods have been used by students.

[Mahboubeh Miri, Seyed Mohammad kashef, mehrdad moharamzade. The application of research methods in physical education and exercise science master's thesis, University of Uremia and Tabriz (1384-1389). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4376-4379]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 658

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.658

 

Keywords: Methodology, Research Methodology, Dissertation, Graduate Course, University of Uremia, Tabriz University.

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Improved quality of service processes using the logic of Six Sigma (Case study)

 

Soleyman Iranzadeh1, Kamran Sarhangi2, Yagoub Nikzad3

 

1-Associate Professor,Department of Management,Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University,Tabriz,Iran

2-Ph.D. Student of Marketing Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Production Management and Marketing, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey.

3- M.Sc. Student in Industrial Management, Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University,Tabriz,Iran

Corresponding author: soleyman iranzade.phd, dr.iranzadeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Six Sigma is a powerful management tool In order to make changes in the organization and also meet the needs of customers is essential. Six Sigma is not just a method but a perspective. In addition, Six Sigma is a tool for strategy formulation. In this study, the effect of applying six-sigma accuracy, reducing the number of customer complaints, saving cost, Savings in staff time Marand city gas company meter reading has been studied. Therefore the following four hypotheses have been proposed: 1- Applying Six Sigma to increase the accuracy of the meter readings are employees. 2 - Applying Six Sigma is to reduce the number of customer complaints. 3 - Applying Six Sigma saves costs. 4 - Applying Six Sigma saves time be. In order to collect information from the data of 1387 is used to Marand city Gas Company. Using SPSS software statistical hypotheses were analyzed and the following results were obtained: 1 - Applying Six Sigma to increase the accuracy of the meter reading staff was. 2 - Applying Six Sigma to reduce the number of customer complaints in the meter reading. 3 - Applying Six Sigma saves the cost of meter reading was. 4 - Applying Six Sigma saves staff time meter was read.

[Soleyman Iranzadeh, Kamran Sarhangi, Yagoub Nikzad. Improved quality of service processes using the logic of Six Sigma (Case study). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4380-4385]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 659

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.659

 

Keywords: Six Sigma, accuracy, cost, Complaint, meter reading

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Novel CMOS Tunable Fuzzifier Circuit

 

M. Mokarram1, A. Khoei2, and Kh. Hadidi3

 

1-Microelectronics Research Laboratory Urmia University Urmia, Iran, st_m.mokarram@urmia.ac.ir

2- Professor in electronic department,Urmia University Urmia, Iran, a.khoei@urmia.ac.ir

3-Professor in electronic department, Urmia University,Urmia, Iran, kh.hadidi@urmia.ac.ir

 

Abstract: A novel CMOS analog fuzzy membership function generator is designed. The fuzzifier generates the membership functions of a fuzzy system by converting the input analog signals to their corresponding predetermined grade of memberships. It takes voltage-mode inputs and produces current mode outputs and so it can be easily tuned with separate input voltages, for easy manipulations of the output fuzzy signals by the arithmetic operations that follow. Furthermore, the fuzzifier is so flexible that it can be readily adapted into most fuzzy systems, including neural networks, by changing the reference voltages and the number of building blocks used. The high speed of analog implementation also makes this fuzzifier more attractive than software approaches.

[M. Mokarram, A. Khoei, and Kh. Hadidi. Novel CMOS Tunable Fuzzifier Circuit. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4386-4389]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 660

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.660

 

Keywords: fuzzifier, CMOS, minimum current selector, tunable.

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Comparison and analysis of the School of Physical Education and Sports Science,Ph.D. Thesis, University of Urmia and Tabriz

 

Mahboubeh Miri1, Seyed Mohammad kashef2, mehrdad moharamzade3

 

1- Msc in sport science, sport science department, urmia university, urmia iran

2- Associate professor, sport science department, urmia university, urmia,iran

3- Associate professor, sport science department,urmia university, urmia,iran

Corresponding author:Mahbubeh Miri; Email: m.sport8966@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study,thesis study of physical education university of Uremia and Tabriz is from 1384 to1389. Population and sample survey, all theses (at this stage, only the first page) is the nation's higher education institutions.In this study, the researcher used the descriptive method is to collect information.To identify and determine all titles dissertation, University of Uremia and Tabriz to visit libraries and information was collected.272 Statistical Society thesis in two university libraries that have been written between the years 1384 to 1389.Sample size in this study is the statistical community. Information about the sample Include name, gender, Thesis, in defense, environment and science oriented course of study.For data analysisis used descriptive statistics. The results are briefly distillers: Number of dissertation withsurvey methodin total 272 samples was 40%.Also 66% of students surveyed were female.

[Mahboubeh Miri, Seyed Mohammad kashef, mehrdad moharamzade. Comparison and analysis of the School of Physical Education and Sports Science,Ph.D. Thesis, University of Urmia and Tabriz. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4390-4394]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 661

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.661

 

Key words: Analysis-Thesis-Physical Education and Sport Science- University of Uremia and Tabriz

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State Feedback Load Frequency Controller Design Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

 

Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi 1, Payam Ghaebi Panah 2, Farshad Kabiri 3, Ehsan Jafari 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Lenjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sharifian@iauln.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Load Frequency Control (LFC) is one of the major issues in the power system design and operation. In this paper a new method to solve load frequency control problem is proposed using the state feedback controller based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm. For this, the designing problem is restructured as an optimization problem and an objective cost function is used to design the gains of the state feedback matrix. The proposed cost function decrease the frequency deviation and power flow variations. In this paper the ABC algorithm is employed to minimize the proposed cost function. For the purpose of the proposed method’s evaluation, the design controller is applied to a two area power system with considerations regarding governor saturation and the results are compared to the one obtained by a classic PI controller. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed method is tested against change of parameters. The simulation studies show that the designed controller by suggested method has a very desirable dynamic performance, better operation and improved system parameters such as settling time and step response rise time even when the system parameters change.

[Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi, Payam Ghaebi Panah, Farshad Kabiri, Ehsan Jafari. State Feedback Load Frequency Controller Design Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4395-4401]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 662

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.662

 

Keywords: Load Frequency Control, Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, State feedback controller.

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Comparing menstruation disorders between A and B behavioral types of university female athletes and non-athletes

 

Lamia Mirheidari, Mir Hamid Salehian, Amir Ghiami Rad, Farzad Zehsaz

 

Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: Lamia mirheidari@yahoo.com, Mh_salehian@yahoo.com, amirghiami@yahoo.com, farzadzehsaz@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare menstruation disorders between A and B behavioral types of university female athletes and non-athletes. 250 university girl students were selected randomly and divided into two athlete and non-athlete groups in terms of systematical exercise and history during two years ago. After providing exact and required information from questionnaires, the volunteers were randomly selected and 150 questionnaires were distributed between the two groups. 250 questionnaires (inventories) were statistically analyzed after collecting and monitoring the questionnaires. This study was performed by the technique of, correlation and analyzed by the use of descriptive and inferential statistical methods (K-square test). The results showed that: 1. The level of primary amenorrhea outbreak in athletes was meaningfully more than non-athletes (p<0.05). 2. The level of primary amenorrhea outbreak in A type individuals was observed more than B type individuals, but the difference wasn’t meaningful between the two types (p>0.05). 3. The level of secondary amenorrhea outbreak in non-athletes was observed more than athletes but the difference wasn’t meaningful between the two groups (p>0.05). 4. The level of secondary amenorrhea outbreak in type A individuals was observed more than B type individuals but the difference wasn’t meaningful between the two types.(p>% 5). 5. The level of amenorrhea outbreak in non-athletes was observed more than athletes but the difference wasn’t meaningful between the two types (p>0.05). 6. The level of amenorrhea outbreak in A type individuals was observed more than B type individuals but the difference wasn’t meaningful (p>0.05). 7. The level of loss of weight outbreak before menstruation in non-athletes was observed more than athletes but the difference wasn’t meaningful between the two groups (p>0.05). 8. The level of loss of weight outbreak before menstruation type B individuals was observed more than type A individuals, but the difference wasn’t meaningful between the two types (p>0.05).

[Lamia Mirheidari, Mir Hamid Salehian, Amir Ghiami Rad, Farzad Zehsaz. Comparing menstruation disorders between A and B behavioral types of university female athletes and non-athletes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4402-4406]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 663

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.663

 

Key words: menstruation, A and B behavioral types, female

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Effect of Corrective exercises on body indexes and some fitness factors in girls with scoliosis

 

Ahdiyeh Yadolazadeh1, Mahboobeh Karbalaie2, Mir Hamid Salehian3

 

1- Department of Physical Education, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

2- Department of Physical Education, Zabol branch, Islamic Azad University, Zabol, Iran

3- Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Mh_salehian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corrective exercises on body indexes (flexibility and back muscle strength) in girls (12-15 years old) with scoliosis. 40 girls (12-15 years old) with scoliosis were selected randomly from a guidance school and divided to two groups, 20 in experimental and 20 in control ones. All participants filled out the form to ensure that they had no heart and cardiovascular disease, in order to perform the required tests. After measuring the height and weight of participants, they were familiar with the tests. The pre-test consisted of the scoliosis evaluation, static strength and flexibility of back muscles and range of bending motion. Both groups practiced training programs for four weeks, each week four sessions for an hour and a half. Data were analyzed by paired t and independent t test and chi-square test (chi square). The research results demonstrated that the spinal flexibility and back muscles strength increased in the experimental group after a period of corrective movements, but there was not a significant difference between experimental and control groups. Corrective exercises had a positive impact on the level of the posterior superior iliac spine and there was significant difference between experimental and control groups. Corrective exercises had a positive impact on the shoulders surface, but there was not a significant difference between experimental and control groups. Lateral bending in the subjects of our research was asymmetrical and the results of corrective exercises did not show any significant difference in both groups.

[Ahdiyeh Yadolazadeh, Mahboobeh Karbalaie, Mir Hamid Salehian. Effect of Corrective exercises on body indexes and some fitness factors in girls with scoliosis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4407-4411]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 664

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.664

 

Keywords: corrective exercises, scoliosis, flexibility, strength

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Application of static synchronous compensator in multi machine power systems

 

Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni 1, Meysam Eghtedari 2, Mostafa Abdollahi 3, Elahe Behzadipour 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Boroujen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujen, Iran

hasanfayaziboroujeni@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Multi machine electric power systems are complicate and interconnected. Studying the performance of electric components in large electric power systems is very suitable and practical. In this regard, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is investigated in this paper. STATCOM is used to control of voltage and improvement of voltage profile in multi machine power systems. An optimization technique is used to tune the proposed STATCOM controllers. The results are compared with the system without STATCOM. Simulation results visibly show the ability of STATCOM in voltage support.

[Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni, Meysam Eghtedari, Mostafa Abdollahi, Elahe Behzadipour. Application of static synchronous compensator in multi machine power systems. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4412-4415]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 665

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.665

 

Keywords: Static Synchronous Compensator, Voltage Support, Multi-machine Power System, Simulated Annealing.

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A Hybrid Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network Combined with Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for Identification of Dynamic Plant

 

Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi 1, Ramtin Sadeghi 2, Farshad Kabiri 3, Payam Ghaebi Panah 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Lenjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sharifian@iauln.ac.ir

 

Abstract: This paper present a Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network (FWNN) design based on Shuffled Frog Leaping (SFL) Algorithm to improve the function approximation accuracy and general capability of the FWNN. In presented FWNN, the fuzzy rules that contain wavelets are constructed. Each fuzzy rule corresponds to a sub-wavelet neural network (sub-WNN) consisting of wavelets with a specified dilation value. Orthogonal least square (OLS) algorithm is used to determine the number of fuzzy rules and to purify the wavelets for each rule and SFL algorithm is suggested for learning of FWNN parameters. The structure is tested for the identification of the dynamic plant. Simulation results demonstrate effectiveness and ability of proposed approach.

[Reza Sharifian Dastjerdi, Ramtin Sadeghi, Farshad Kabiri, Payam Ghaebi Panah. A Hybrid Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network Combined with Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for Identification of Dynamic Plant. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4416-4420]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 666

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.666

 

Keywords: Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, fuzzy wavelet neural network, identification.

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Investigation the correlation between the elements of HSEMS in Arvandan Gas and Oil Company

 

1Hedayat Allah Kalantari,2 RamazanMirzaei, 3Abdolvahab Baghbanian, 4Sadegh Moghimi Monfared

 

1Department of HSE (Ms), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN

2Health promotion research center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zahedan, IRAN

3Health promotion research center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zahedan, IRAN

4Department of HSE (Ms), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN

1 hdk_1359@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nowadays considering undeniable role of human in improving safety, the HSE culture concept has been found to be very important. So, many strategies are being considered by organizations to improve HSE culture, which not only are used to improve but also to evaluate current state of organizations in terms of HSE culture. On this basis, this evaluation first recognizes problems and needs of this culture then analyzes the ways of improvement. Oil industry as the key industry of Iran economically and in the terms of complexity and risks, needs a procedure powerful enough to recognize, evaluate and control risks and value human resources as the main capital in this industry. For this end this study analyzes the correlation between the elements of HSEMS in Arvandan Gas and Oil Company. We will show that there is a meaningful correlation between seven dimensions of HSEMS.

[Hedayat Allah Kalantari, RamazanMirzaei, Abdolvahab Baghbanian, Sadegh Moghimi Monfared. Investigation the correlation between the elements of HSEMS in Arvandan Gas and Oil Company. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4421-4432]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 667

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.667

 

Keywords: HSE (Health, Safety and Environment), HSEMS (Health, Safety and Environmental Management System), management, Culture, HSE culture

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A Modified Gauss – Seidel Method for M - Matrices

 

Nasser Mikaeilvand1 and Zahra Lorkojori2

1Department of Mathematics, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

2Young Researchers Club, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

Corresponding author: Nasser Mikaeilvand, email: Mikaeilvand@IauArdabil.ac.ir

 

Abstract: in 1991, A. D. Gunawardena et al. proposed the modified Gauss-Seidel (MGS) method for solving the linear system with the preconditioned  . The preconditioning Effect is not observed on the nth row. In the present paper, we suggest a new precondition. We get the convergence and comparison theorems for the proposed method. Numerical examples also given.

 [Nasser Mikaeilvand and Zahra Lorkojori. A Modified Gauss – Seidel Method for M - Matrices. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4433-4437]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 668

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.668

 

Keywords: M-Matrices, Preconditioned system, Gauss-Seidel method

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How to Influence Students’ Risk-Taking Behaviour in Order to Enhance their Creative and Critical Thinking Processes

 

Abeer Abdulaziz Alawad

 

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jaddah city, Building Number 3533, P.O Box 23523 Additional 8203 Unit 1

abeer.a.alawad@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This study explores the relationship between the art classroom environment and students’ creative and critical thinking in girls’ intermediate schools (students aged 12–15 years old) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It addresses the following research question: By manipulating the art classroom environment, is it possible to positively influence students’ risk-taking behaviour in order to enhance their creative and critical thinking processes? In this paper, I will focus on one part of my research: how art classroom wall displays can affect students’ risk-taking behaviour and enhance their creative and critical thinking.

 [Abeer Abdulaziz Alawad. How to Influence Students’ Risk-Taking Behaviour in Order to Enhance their Creative and Critical Thinking Processes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4438-4443]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 669

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.669

 

Key words: Art classroom, creative and critical thinking, risk-taking, wall displays

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Social Media Marketing

 

Dr. M. Saravanakumar 1, Dr.T.SuganthaLakshmi 2

 

1. Associate Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University,Regional Center Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: skumar_rvs@rediffmail.com

2. Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University,Regional Center Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: sugi1971@rediffmail.com

 

ABSTRACT: During different time era's different methods of communications has developed and changed the day by day life. Social media has become the method of statement in the 21't century, enabling us to express our belief, ideas and manner in a absolute new way. This way of message have also have a huge impact on corporation, where they have realize that without a correct plan and social media strategy they have no chance to stand out in the rapidly changing digital freedom. To guarantee a successful attendance on social media the companies need to take different marketing theories into consideration so that they can boost their brand in different aspect. If this can be collective with original ways of consumer interaction the companies have a good chance to take the lead in social media marketing'. The meteoric growth of community websites, such as Twitter, Facebook and Linkedln, have usher the world into a new era of social media. The global reach is nothing short of marvelous, so much so that if Facebook were a country, it would be third largest, next to China and India. Some even say that this is the biggest shift since the industrial revolution, which means that the world has a brand new playing meadow At its center, social media is any kind of online media that stimulates participation, openness' conversation, Connecters and sense of community. The social media phenomenon has a profound impact. Social media has transformed research methods. This allows brands to communicate better with their consumers, and intensify their association with them. The advertising world has not been spared from social media influence. Companies are now more careful with advertising; chiefly in anticipate consumer response and avoiding unanticipated blunders to prevent a viral consumer backlash in networking sites. Social media plays a hybrid role in the promotion mix. It allows companies to talk to their clientele and, at the same time, it allows regulars to talk to one another. Shaping customers' discussions to ensure they are aligned to the organization's goals is the firm's best importance. Companies have started provided that their consumers with networking platforms, and have occupied them during blogs and other social media tools. Social media is seen by Marketers today as a great opportunity to boost market share figures. Marketers are only too happy to view the social web as a new set of channels through which to market their goods or services. Social media marketing is a hot topic for companies. It allows companies to establish a communication channel with its customers, market their products, build brand equity, and boost clientele faithfulness.However, as it is a two-way channel, it requires effort and care to manage this communication. Dissatisfied customers can protest out loud, attainment many other customers easily and damaging the brand's image. In order to avoid the risk of damaging the brand's image rather than improving it, the company should align their social media marketing with the global marketing strategy of the company. In order to do this, the business should choose the profile of people that matches its target segment and communicate with them accordingly.

[M. Saravanakumar, T.SuganthaLakshmi. Social Media Marketing. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4444-4451]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 670

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.670

 

Keywords: Social; Media; Marketing

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Urinary Tract Infection and Wound Infection in Obese Women Undergoing Cesarean Section at Women's Health Center

 

Tarek Khalaf Al-Hussain1, Sahar Nagieb Mohamed2, Hamida Alam El- dien2 and Heba Moustafa2

 

1Obstetrics and Gynecology Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt

2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing. Assiut, University, Egypt

 

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a serious and growing global health problem. There are approximately 300 million obese adults worldwide and increasing in developing countries more than developed countries. In Egypt 70% of adult women were overweight, added that the prevalence in 30.8% rural women and 49.1% urban women were obese. Pre pregnancy obesity is common and it adversely affects the maternal and perinatal outcomes. Maternal obesity has major impact on health service, especially on relation to the level of care required, the cost and resources implications related to increase complications and risk to the mothers and infant such as increased rates of caesarean section and post partum infections. Aim of this study: was to determine whether obese women are at increased risk of urinary tract and wound infection after cesarean section compared to women with a normal body mass index (BMI).Methods and Materials: It is a prospective study of 500 women (250 were obese and 250 non obese) after elective cesarean section from postpartum wards, Obstetrics Department, Women's Health Center, Assiut university Hospital.Special questionnaire for data collection was designed, urine culture was taken to detect (UTIs) and follow up continue after one week until one month after discharge to detect wound infection. Results: Women in the obese group were significantly with more complications during pregnancy and higher in post partum infection more than non obese women, Urinary tract infection was (22.8%) compared with (12.4%) in non obese women and wound infection was (12.4%) compared with (3.2%) in non obese women. Conclusions: Maternal obesity has major adverse effects on pregnancy outcome

[Tarek Khalaf Al-Hussain, Sahar Nagieb Mohamed, Hamida Alam El- dien and Heba Moustafa. Urinary Tract Infection and Wound Infection in Obese Women Undergoing Cesarean Section at Women's Health Center. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4452-4464]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 671

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.671

 

Keywords: Urinary Tract; Infection; Obese; Health Center

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Trigonometric based time domain constellation shaping technique for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems

 

Hina Shabbir1, Shahzad Amin Sheikh1, Faiz Faizullah2

 

1Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan

sheikh.shahzadamin@gmail.com

2Department of Basic Sciences & Humanities, College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan E.mail: faiz_math@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, a modified technique based on constellation shaping is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To accomplish significant reduction in PAPR, the energy compaction property of trigonometric transforms such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) is utilized in combination with the time domain constellation shaping technique. The application of trigonometric transforms results in OFDM signal with few energy components, which is then transformed by constellation shaping in time domain. This combined technique with extremely low computational complexity does not involve transmission of side information and is independent of OFDM input. Closed form expression for the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of PAPR of the proposed technique is derived and confirmed by simulation results. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared for even information bits in case of square QAM, and for odd information bits in case of cross QAM and rectangular QAM. Comparative analysis with the time domain constellation shaping and trigonometric based transform OFDM techniques shows better performance of the proposed scheme with no increase in terms of average power.

[Hina Shabbir, Shahzad Amin Sheikh, Faiz Faizullah. Trigonometric based time domain constellation shaping technique for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4465-4471]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 672

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.672

 

Keywords: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Constellation Shaping, Trigonometric Transforms.

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Identification of three fish species of genus Plectorhynchus from the Red Sea by their scale characteristics

 

Ahmed S. A. Harabawy1, 3; Imam A. A. Mekkawy2, 3 and Ali Alkaladi1

 

1Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

2Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

3Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

harabawy2005@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Scale characteristics and its detailed structure from different body regions were studied in three Plectorhynchus species in terms of morphometry and Scanning Electron Microscopic techniques. The present work has been suggested to the rarity of taxonomic and biological information about the three Plectorhynchus species, P. gaterinus, P. pictus and P. schotaf from the Red Sea. A wide spectrum of size-free intraspecific and interspecific variations was recorded and documented concerning the overall form of the scales and their morphometrics, scale surface morphology, the primary, secondary and tertiary radii counts, shape of interradial tongues and the first circuli, the interradial circuli, most outer lateral circuli, inner lateral circuli, denticles on circuli, interradial and intercircular grooves, segmentation and granulation pattern of the caudal field and the shape of ctenii. The quantitative scale characters of Plectorhynchus species are subjected to cluster analysis that revealed two main subclusters, the first includes P. gaterinus and P. schotaf, and the second subcluster includes P. pictus. In addition to the intraspecific variations, the highly significant interspecific variations in the morphometric indices also were evident from one body region to another (P<0.01). The pattern of variations reflected by CVA referred to the partial discrimination between the three Plectorhynchus species considered. Among the scale characteristics used to differentiate between Plectorhynchus species are the overall shape of the lateral line canal, the relative position of its anterior and posterior openings and the cantilevered anterior extension of the canal.

 [Ragai, M. F. R. Fouda, Yasser. M. Abdlehamid and Hamdy. A. Ahmed. Left ventricular hypertrophy and plasma Nitric oxide in hemodialysis patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4472-4485]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 673

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.673

 

Keywords: Plectorhynchus, scale morphology, morphometrics, scanning electron, microscopy.

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Reproductive Performance and Milk Yield Of Friesian Dairy Cows Affected By L-Tyrosine Treatment During Early Postpartum Period

 

Sh. A. Gabr

 

Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tata University, Egypt.

sherifgabr2008@gmail.com

 

Abstract: A total of 24 Friesian cows between the 1st and 3rd parity and average body weight (LBW) of 512.6 ±15.5 kg were divided into three similar groups (n=8 each) based on their BW, parity and milk production of the previous season. Cows of the 1st group (G1) were fed concentrate feed mixture (CFM) (control group). Cows of the 2nd group were received oral dose of L-tyrosine 50 g/cow at day 21(G2) while those of the 3rd group (G3) were received the same dose of G2 but on day 40. Throughout the experimental period, cows were machine milked and daily milk yield was individually recorded for the 1st four months. Milk composition and somatic cell count were determined. Estrus was detection and cows in heat were inseminated. Also, number and length of estrous cycles from calving up to conception were recorded. Postpartum 1st ovulation (PPOI), 1st estrus (PPEI) and 1st service (PPSI) intervals, number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO) and conception rate (CR%) were calculated. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation on day 60 post-insemination. Results revealed that L-tyrosine treatment improved significantly (P<0.05) daily milk production of G2 and G3 by 11.5 and 11.8% compared to G1. G3 had higher (P<0.05) percentages of fat, protein and lactose as compared to G1 (3.83, 3.22 and 4.37 vs. 3.72, 2.89 and 4.14%), respectively. G2 had higher (P<0.05) percentages of protein and lactose (3.13 and 4.45%, respectively) compared to G1, while fat percentage was similar to G1. Treated cows with L-tyrosine showed lower (P<0.05) somatic cell count in milk as compared to G1.Postpartum estrous interval was shorter (P<0.05), by 10.78 days in G2 than G1, While, those of G3 showed longer period (+ 7.72 day) than G1. Days open in G2 and G3 cows was shorter (P<0.05) by 19.68 or 13.3 day, respectively, than G1. Number of services per conception was less (P<0.05) in G2 (1, 50) and G3 (1.87) than in G1 (2.43). conception rate increased (P<0.05) in G2 and G3 compared with those of control (50 vs. 75 and 100%).

[Sh.A. Gabr. Reproductive Performance and Milk Yield Of Friesian Dairy Cows Affected By L-Tyrosine Treatment During Early Postpartum Period. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4486-4489]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 674

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.674

 

Keywords: Friesian, lactation, L-tyrosine, milk yield, reproduction.

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Lowering Effect of Ginger and Selenium on Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats

 

Dalia A. Hafez1, Abor M. Abd El Rahman2 and Safaa M. Faid2

 

1Home Economics Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

2 Home Economic Department Faculty of specific Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Design and Home Economics, Taif University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. daliaij_2000@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The effect of combination of ginger and selenium on oxidative stress in rats was studied. Oxidative stress was induced in rats by single intraperiotoneal injection of potassium bromate (KBrO3) at a dose 125 mg/kg b.wt. Seven groups (n=7) of rats were used in this study. One of them was kept negative control and the others were given KBrO3. One was kept positive control and the others were given orally ginger, selenium and their combination for 8 weeks. Results showed that rats with oxidative stress had significant decreases in weight gain and feed efficiency, blood hemoglobin and packed cell volume; serum GSH, SOD and CAT and liver SOD, GST and GPX. There were also increases in liver AST and ALT, serum uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, MDA and NO concentrations. Administration of ginger powder or extract in combination with selenium increased weight gain, feed efficiency, hemoglobin content and packed cell volume. It reversed the biochemical markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and liver and kidney functions to normal levels. In conclusion, combination of ginger plant with selenium produces a protective effect in rats with oxidative stress. Therefore, intake of ginger with selenium may be useful for patients who suffer from oxidative stress.

 [Dalia A. Hafez, Abor M. Abd El Rahman and Safaa M. Faid. Lowering Effect of Ginger and Selenium on Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4490-4495]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 675

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.675

 

Key words: Ginger - Selenium - Oxidative stress - Antioxidant - Rats

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Decolonization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus areus Nasal Carriage Among Health Care Workers

 

Enas A Daef, Nahla M Elsherbiny, Maggie A Ibrahim and Entsar H Ahmed

 

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Infection Control Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. nahlaelsherbiny@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved as one of the most important causes of hospital infections worldwide. Screening for carriage of (MRSA) is fundamental to modern-day nosocomial infection control. Effective decolonization decreases the risk of subsequent staphylococcal infection and controls the spread of MRSA. The aim of this study was to identity the frequency of MRSA nasal carriage among health care workers in Assiut University Hospitals and to determine the efficacy of combined local mupirocin ointment and oral rifampin and trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole for nasal MRSA decolonization for implementing various infection control policies to control the spread of MRSA in our Hospitals. Swabs were taken from the anterior nares of the 150 health care workers in different departments in Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was done by the conventional bacteriological methods. Methicillin resistance was detected by growth on oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB). For those who showed nasal carriage of MRSA, topical application of mupirocin & oral treatment with rifampin and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole were administered for 5 days. Screening was carried out 48 hours, 1 month, 6 months and 9 months after the treatment cycle was completed. Out of 150 health care workers, 45.3% (68) were MRSA carriers. Post treatment screening showed a reduction in the number of carriers. After 48hs post treatment, they were 11.8%, followed by 1.5% after 1month. Recolonization occurred at 6 and 9 months post treatment (23.5% and 14.7% respectively) but were still less than before treatment. We conclude that we have a high percentage of MRSA nasal colonization among the studied health care workers. A single treatment cycle of combined local mupirocin, oral rifampin and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole resulted in successful MRSA decolonization in the early post treatment period (within 1 month) with no documented adverse effects. However, nasal MRSA recolonization occurred again in the late post treatment period (≥6months). Screening and treatment should be made an essential protocol to decrease the number of carriers transmitting MRSA to the hospital settings.

[Enas A Daef, Nahla M Elsherbiny, Maggie A Ibrahim and Entsar H Ahmed. Decolonization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus areus Nasal Carriage Among Health Care Workers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4496-4501]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 676

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.676

 

Keywords: Decolonization, MRSA, nasal carriers

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Effect of Genetic Counseling on Consanguineous Spouses Attending Maternal and Child Health Centers

 

Magda Ahmed abd Elsattar, Omaima Mohamed Esmat, and Hala Mohamed Mohamed Hussein

 

 Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

mhdnawar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Consanguineous spouses relation plays an important role in the prevalence of genetic disorders. Genetic counseling is directed towards reducing the number of children born with genetically determined disorders. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic counseling on knowledge of consanguineous spouses’ related to genetic disorders and making decision toward reproductive health. Research design: This is a quasi-experimental study. Setting: This study was carried out at maternal and child health centers affiliated to Ministry of Health in El-Qualiobia governorate. Sample: A purposive sample of one hundred spouses with 1st, 2nd or 3rd degree of consanguinity relation who attended the previously mentions MCH centers. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection; the first tool was an interviewing questionnaire to collect data about sociodemographic characteristics of spouses; past and present health history of spouse and spouses knowledge related to genetic disorders, genetic counseling and making decision toward reproductive health. The second tool obtained from record review of laboratory investigations regarding to genetic tests. Results: This study proved that genetic counseling helps in increasing spouses’ knowledge regarding purpose of genetic counseling, genetic disorders, how it will be inherited and the risk of having an affected child. Approximately one third of spouses conducted genetic investigations, 10 Out of 18 Pregnant women received antenatal care(more than half), and very few of them had using family planning methods. The study also showed significant statistical correlations between spouses’ performances of genetic investigations and their monthly income. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that genetic counseling increased spouses’ knowledge regarding the effects of consanguinity marriage on their offspring’s and helps them to make proper reproductive decision through suggestion of reproductive choices. Recommendations: The study recommended that, genetic clinics should be accessible in all maternal and child health centers especially in rural areas supplied with necessary facilities and coordinated team work for conducting genetic investigations and genetic counseling program.

 Magda Ahmed abd Elsattar, Omaima Mohamed Esmat, and Hala Mohamed Mohamed Hussein. Effect of Genetic Counseling on Consanguineous Spouses Attending Maternal and Child Health Centers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4502-4513]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 677

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.677

 

Keywords: Consanguinity relation, Genetic disorders, genetic investigations, Genetic counseling.

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An investigation into the Impacts of Performance Auditing Components on the Promotion of the Productivity of Iran’s State Sectors’ Organizational and Structural Resources (Organizational Climate) (Case Study: Iran’s Supreme Audit Court)

 

Sirous Fattahi

 

The auditor of Iran’s Supreme Audit Court, the province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad;

Cell No: 09177413682, Email address: c.fatahi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This research evaluates the impacts of performance auditing components on the promotion of the productivity of state sectors’ structural resources. It is a survey research and the survey tool is two researcher-made five-point likert scale questionnaires which have been defined to audit productivity and performance. Both questionnaires have high validity and reliability. The time scope of the research is the duration of data collection which was between January, 2012 and July, 2012. Also, research case is Iran's Supreme Audit Court and its offices across provinces. () persons were selected as the statistical population through Cochran formula representing whole society as much as possible. The research contains three hypotheses. To examine them, T-student test was used in SPSS software. Since the questionnaires contain qualitative data, non parametric tests like Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used as well. To examine the hypotheses, multivariate regression and binomial test were used. To prove the hypotheses, “very high”, “high” and “somewhat” items were considered as indices. Other employed statistics are: T, R and F regression as well as Path Analysis Equations. The results of the research revealed that: 1) performance auditing leads to a profitable, effective and efficient use of structural and organizational resources. 2) The profitable, effective and efficient use of structural and organizational resources promotes productivity and 3) performance auditing results in the promotion of the productivity of state sectors’ structural and organizational resources (organizational climate).

[Sirous Fattahi. An investigation into the Impacts of Performance Auditing Components on the Promotion of the Productivity of Iran’s State Sectors’ Organizational and Structural Resources (Organizational Climate) (Case Study: Iran’s Supreme Audit Court). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4514-4528]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 678

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.678

 

Keywords: performance audit, structural resource productivity, Supreme Audit Court, economy, efficiency

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Expression of the Chemokine MCP-1 and Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CCCR2 in Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

 

Magda M. Assem, Yasser H. ElNahass, Nahla M. Elsharkawy, Heba N. Raslan, Fatma A. Elrefaey and Yomna M. Elmeligui

 

Clinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Egypt.

F_alrefay@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: AML blasts of different FAB subsets express specific chemokines and chemokine receptors depending on their degree of maturation which might account for some aspects in their pattern of extramedullary invasion (EMI) and accumulation of leukemic cells. Objectives: We aimed to define the pattern of chemokine MCP-1 and chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR2 expression by AML blasts in two AML FAB subgroups, myeloid M0/M1/ M2 and monocytic M4/M5 groups to determine their impact on tumor load and EMI. Patients and Methods: The study was performed on 50 de novo AML patients. Expression of CXCR4 and CCR2 was measured by flow cytometry while MCP-1 expression was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Median TLC was 65.6 x 109/L in MCP1 positive patients versus 37.2 x 109/L in MCP1 negative cases (p = 0.07). MCP1 was positive in 14/20 (70%) patients with EMI versus 6/20 (30%) patients only without EMI (p = 0.05). CXCR4 was positive in most AML patients (38/50, 76%) with no significant difference between AML FAB subgroups (p =0.9). However, median CXCR4 percent positivity by flow cytometry was 79% (0.3-98) in the M4/M5 group versus 57.5% (1.9-89) in the M0/M1/ M2 (p = 0.08). CXCR4 was positive in 35/43 patients (81%) with hypercellular bone marrow (BM) at diagnosis (p =0.02). CCR2 positivity was higher in M4/M5 group (8/21, 38%) than M0/M1/M2 group (2/29, 7%) (p =0.006). Meanwhile, MCP-1 expression was positive in 20/48 (41.7%) of our AML cohort and was insignificantly higher in M4/M5 group (10/21, 48%) than M0/M1/M2 group (10/29, 34%) (p =0.2). Regarding EMI, lymphadenopathy was found in 90% of patients in M4/M5 group versus 30% in M0/M1/M2 group (p =0.001). Conclusion: Data suggest that MCP-1 and CXCR4 have major impact on tumor load in AML at time of diagnosis. In addition, MCP1 have a striking role in EMI irrespective of the FAB subtype. Its ligand CCR2 seems to be restricted to monocytic group (M4/M5) which showed significant lymphadenopathy when compared to M0/M1/M2 group.

 [Magda M. Assem, Yasser H. ElNahass, Nahla M. Elsharkawy, Heba N. Raslan, Fatma A. Elrefaey and Yomna M. Elmeligui. Expression of the Chemokine MCP-1 and Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CCR2 in Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4529-4535]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 679

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.679

 

Keywords: AML, CXCR4, CCR2, MCP-1, Extramedullary invasion.

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Prospective Study for CMV Detection in Cancer Patients: Comparison between PCR, Antigenemia, and Serological Assays

 

Waleed S. Mohamed1, Reham A. Rashed2, Nevine M. ElAzhary2 and Marwa M. Amer 3

 

1Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department,

2 Clinical Pathology Department National Cancer Institute, Cairo University,

3Chemstry and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University

walnci@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a persistent pathogen, can cause life threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, sensitive and reliable diagnostic test is essential for choice line of antiviral therapy and patients’ management. Methods. HCMV detection was investigated by serological assay, PCR assay in both WBC’s and plasma samples, antigenemia assay in PMBLs in 32 leukemia patients, 20 bladder cancer patients and 20 apparently healthy controls. Results. HCMV IgG was detected in 100% of our cancer patients. High HCMV IgG Ab titer was found to be less frequent in leukemia patients than solid tumor patients. In other words, low HCMV Ab titer was most common in leukemia patients. Antigenemia assay was positive in 8/32 (25%) of leukemia patients but viremia was positive in only 2/32 (6%) of leukemia patients. High level of antigenemia was associated with development of severe HCMV disease in leukemia patients. Conclusion. Antigenemia test is a reliable diagnostic tool in diagnosing active HCMV infection and progression. Therefore it can be helpful in guiding therapy in leukemia patients.

[Waleed S. Mohamed, Reham A. Rashed, Nevine M. ElAzhary and Marwa M. Amer Prospective Study for CMV Detection in Cancer Patients: Comparison between PCR, Antigenemia, and Serological Assays. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4536-4541]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 680

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.680

 

Keywords: HCMV, Immunocompromised hosts, HCMV IgG, Antigenemia, PCR

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Association of Interleukin–18 with Sustained Virological Response (SVR) To Interferon Therapy in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases

 

Waleed S. Mohamed1, Samah A. Loutfy1, Amal A. Mohamed2,and Marwa Amer3

 

1Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University

2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute

 3Chemistry and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, zagazig University

walnci@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin is the standard therapy for treatment of Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, this therapy is only effective in 50–60% of infected individuals. Pretreatment predictors associated with sustained virological response (SVR) to interferon treatment have not yet been fully investigated. Several factors have been shown to influence response to antiviral treatment, one of them is interleukin – 18 (IL- 18). There are few data on IL-18 in relation to infectious diseases, but it plays a prominent role in chronic HCV infection. Thus, the current study is designated to assess serum Interleukin – 18 levels in CHC genotype 4 patients and its association with treatment response. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on fifty Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients, who received combined pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin therapy and twenty healthy blood donors as a control group. Quantitative hepatitis C virus RNA was done by real time RT-PCR technique. Serum IL-18 level was assayed using quantitative ELISA plate method. Results: The mean level of IL- 18 was significantly higher in CHC patients (212.15 Pg/ml) compared to the controls (48.95 Pg/ml). IL-18 level in responders was significantly reduced after 6 months from the end of treatment compared to those at baseline level (P=0.001), but such decrease was lower than that in non responders (P=0.058). IL-18 level was positively correlated with high and moderate viral load in non responders. Conclusions: Serum IL- 18 level has the potential to be used as a biological marker to predict outcome of antiviral therapy among CHC genotype 4 patients.

[Waleed S. Mohamed, Samah A. Loutfy, Amal A. Mohamed and Marwa Amer. Association of Interleukin–18 with Sustained Virological Response (SVR) To Interferon Therapy in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4542-4550]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 681

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.681

 

Keywords: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Antiviral therapy (interferon, ribavirin), Interleukin- 18 (IL- 18).

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Management of non-responder health care workers to hepatitis B routine vaccination

 

1Mojtaba Varshochi and 2Jafar Mohammad Shahi

 

1Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

varshochim@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introdoction: Hepatitis B comprises one of the major health problems worldwide. Health Care Workers (HCW) are a group at risk for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study is Management of non-responder health care workers to hepatitis B routine vaccination. Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study conducted in the Department of infectious diseases in the University Of Medical Sciences Of Tabriz, Non-responder cases of HCWs to HBV vaccination were studied and management. Results and Conclusions: 36.8% of HCWs were male and 63.3% of them were female. Mean age of male HCWs was 34.05 ± 8.58 year and in female HCWs was 30.43 ± 6.15 year (P<0.001). Mean of Primary response antibody titer in male HCWs was 340.59 ± 205.15 IU/L and in female HCWs was 282.75 ± 194.22 IU/L (P=0.011). Mean of Secondary response (after one booster dose) antibody titer in male HCWs was 388.52 ± 175.25 IU/L and in female HCWs was 357.81 ± 164.24 IU/L (P=0.110). Non responder rate of HCWs for Routine vaccination (tree dose at 0,1 and 6 months) was 31(9.36%). Non responder rate of HCWs after one booster dose vaccination (after tree dose at 0,1 and 6 months) was 7(2.11%). Non responder rate of HCWs for secondary tree time (with double dose) vaccination (after tree dose at 0,1 and 6 months ± one booster dose vaccination) was 2(0.6%). This method seems best suited for routine immunization of people who give inappropriate response to routine vaccination. Those who did not respond to this method too, are recommended to be excluded from high risk activities in terms of exposure such as needle stick, and in case of any possible exposure, HBIG should be applied.

[Varshochi M, Mohammad Shahi J. Management of non-responder health care workers to hepatitis B routine vaccination. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4551-4554] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 682

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.682

 

Keywords: Hepatitis B Vaccines; Immunization; Vaccination; Non-responder; Booster Dose; Health Care Workers

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683

Thyroid Storm with Rare Cardiac Presentations, 10 Year-Intensive Care Unit Experience: Case Series

 

Waleed Albaker1, Yousef Almubarak1, Amar H. Khamis2

 

1: Department of Internal Medicine, 2: Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. dr_waleed99@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Thyroid storm causes serious alterations in cardiac parameters. These include an increase in resting heart rate, myocardial contractility and a predisposition to arrhythmias. As the result, most patients with thyroid storm experienced cardiovascular manifestations. The most common arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia, however, ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension and right side heart failure have been rarely reported in the literatures. In this report, we have reviewed 7 cases of thyroid storm patients with rare cardiac manifestations.

[Waleed Albaker, Yousef Almubarak, Amar H. Khamis. Thyroid Storm with Rare Cardiac Presentations, 10 Year-Intensive Care Unit Experience: Case Series. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4555-4558]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 683

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.683

 

Key words: Thyroid storm, Heart failure, Arrhythmia

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684

Social and political concepts in the poetry of female sonneteers in the constitutional era

 

Faride rajabi

 

Ph.D student, Academi of Science, Dushanbe, Tajikestan.

farideh_rajabi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The sonnet is a poetic form that in the constitutional era not only expressed the feelings and emotions of the poet but was also used to direct their political and social aspirations. Many poets, including women, played a role and achieved fame. Despite the small number of these poets and the minimal effect on constitutional revolution, they spoke about their social goals, fought injustice and for the restoration of lost rights, and made great strides in social movements. The most famous women sonneteers were Fatemeh Soltan Farahani, Nimtaj Salmasi, Shams Kasmaie, and Fakhr Azmi Arghon.

[Faride rajabi. Social and political concepts in the poetry of female sonneteers in the constitutional era. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4559-4561] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 684

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.684

 

Keywords: Woman, Socio political poetry, Constitutional era, Sonnet

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685

Searching Candida species in hands of students Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

 

Fatemeh Samiee Rad

 

Assistant professor of Pathology, Qazvin Metabolic Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. fsamieerad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Candida species are major pathogenic in immunocompromised patients that can be present on all medical personnel and find it in infect hands that may be transferred to patients and even can cause their death. Objective: This study aimed at the isolation of Candida species from different fields were medical students. Methods: This descriptive study was performed duration 6 months from October 2010 to March 2011. In total 385 students from different fields were sampled. Samples on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with Chloramphenicol were cultured. Candida species were identified by Corna meal gar medium, Chromagar absorbing and different carbohydrates were used. Results: 116 out of 385 cases (30.2%) of the hand culture (of the candidates) were positive. The most common species isolated Candida albicans was 70 cases (60.3%). Many species of Candida from hands of nursing students, 17 (37.8%) were isolated. Conclusion: In different fields, hands of the medical students could be containing of candidate, worthy people before contact with immunocompromised patients, to wash their hands.

[Samiee Rad F. Searching Candida species in hands of students Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4562-4566] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 685

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.685

 

Keywords: Hand; Candida; Washing; Qazvin

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Accuracy of pleural effusion cytopathology

 

Fatemeh Samiee Rad

 

Assistant professor of Pathology, Qazvin Metabolic Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. fsamieerad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Pleural effusions are pathological processes defined by the accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity. Different etiology causes this problem and occurred in different degrees of clinical severity. The main aim of present study was to determine the accuracy of cytopathology in the diagnosis of pleural effusions, according to histomorphologic features, in the patients that referred to the Rajaee and Kowsar Hospitals. Methods and materials: For this cross-sectional study data were evaluated from 100 patients who underwent pleural tap at the Rajaee and Kowsar Hospitals between April 2008 and April 2011. Each subject underwent general physical and radiologic examinations. The smears prepared from the pleural tap specimens and stained by the Papanicolau and Giemsa methods. We classified the cytopathologic results in five groups as following: Malignant mesothelioma (MM), metastatic malignancy, Malignant cells with unknown origin (primary or secondary), Benign, Suboptimal for further diagnosis. All the cases were confirmed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and clinical and histopathological follow-up. Both descriptive and statistical analysis methods were applied. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. Results: The total number of patients was 100. The overall mean age was 60 ± 9.48 (ranging from 39 to 80) years. 57 preparations were benign effusions, 8 of these were malignant mesothelioma and 35 of these were metastatic carcinomas. In our study, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value and efficiency of cytopathology in diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, were 83%, 100%, 100% 79.7% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, cytopathology is a safe, useful and reliable procedure in discrimination between malignant and benign pleural effusions, and has not sufficient power for identification between primary and secondary pleural malignancy, based on histomorphologic findings. However in these situation uses of cell blocks, IHC studies is highly mandatory.

[Samiee Rad F. Accuracy of pleural effusion cytopathology. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4567-4572] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 686

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.686

 

Keywords: Pleural Effusion Cytology; Malignant Mesothelioma; Metastatic Carcinoma

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687

A proposition to apply stem-based model study on the periodic development and destruction of urban textures

 

Fariborz Yadollahi

 

Ph.D. Student, National academy of science, Yerevan, Republic of ARMANIA.

fariborz_y@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The theories on city construction are mainly concerned about studying the city's developmental trends in various periods, verifying the residency areas, occupation and consequently identifying the social trends dominated over the cities. Each theory is extensively focused on organizing a part of city developmental trend but there are some factors resulting in failed developments and predictions including some unpredictable situations which seen in life, different cultures, weather and local conditions and their effects on cities during times, destructions and reconstructions. This paper is mainly concerned about reviewing the available models to provide a development theory based on stem-based model in order to best verify the destruction of old and newly constructed textures. The main approaches to improve such constructions are also mentioned in current paper.

[Fariborz Yadollahi. A proposition to apply stem-based model study on the periodic development and destruction of urban textures. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):4573-4576] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 687

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.687

 

Keywords: old texture, city construction model, market

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The effect of 2% citric acid in control of spontaneous epistaxis in Emergency Department

 

Payman Moharamzadeh1, Mahboub Pouraghaei1, Hosna Sadeghi2, Hossein Khodaverdi Zadeh 1

 

1- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2- General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

research_team_iran@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Epistaxis is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits and almost 60% of the public have experienced it at least once in their lifetime. There are different methods for controlling the nasal bleeding. With due attention to the invasive and harmful features of most methods which makes them impossible to use in pre-hospital settings, the aim of this study is to prove that citric acid as a non-synthetic safe agent can be used in controlling the epistaxis. Methods and materials: In a randomized clinical trial, we studied 406 patients with chief complaint of epistaxis referring to the emergency department of Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz from 2010 to 2011 in two groups of case and control. We used 5 drops of 2% citric acid in every nostril for patients in the case group and anterior nasal tampon in the control group. All data were recorded and finally, the appropriate statistical tests were used to compare and analyze them. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.94±14 years. 44.8% of patients were female and 55.2% of them were male. There was no significant difference between the controls of bleeding in two studied groups. Conclusion: Using both of anterior nasal tampon and 2% citric acid are effective in controlling spontaneous epistaxis and there is no significant difference between them; however, regarding the fact that citric acid or base substance of lemon juice is widely available, its usage is recommended.

[Moharamzadeh P, Pouraghaei M, Sadeghi H, Khodaverdi Zadeh H. The effect of 2% citric acid in control of spontaneous epistaxis in Emergency Department. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4577-4581] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 688

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.688

 

Keywords: Spontaneous Epistaxis; 2% Citric Acid; Emergency Department

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689

The investigation of political aspects of Hajj

 

Alireza Eshraghi1 (Corresponding author), Mahdi Mojarrad2

 

  1. MA in International Relations, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran

  2. MSc student in Islamic Sciences Center

 

Abstract: Islam is a religion with political and international characteristics in its nature. Beside all these rules, Islam religion in its religious rules kept its political and international nature. This is manifested in Friday prayer and Hajj rituals. Holding Hajj each year is like a congress of the people of various countries and regions in the world with important functions on international relations. One of the functions is preparing the collaboration and international cultural relations and interactions in removing the regional and global problems. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of political aspects of Hajj at international system by Islamic approach.

[Alireza Eshraghi, Mahdi Mojarrad. The investigation of political aspects of Hajj. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):4582-4586] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 689

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.689

 

Keywords: Hajj; political aspects of Hajj; Historical period; International relations

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690

Surveying basic facts of anthropology from Sohrevardiˈs point of view and educational deductions resulted from it

 

Ali Shariatmadari1, Saeideh khojasteh2 (Corresponding author), Ezatollah Naderi3

 

.1. Professor of Department of Educational Science, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2.Ph.D Student of Philosophy of Education, Science and Research branch,Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran

3. Professor of Department of Educational Science, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: The aim of this study to investigate basic facts of anthropology from Sohrevardiˈs point of view and educational deductions resulted from it. Sohrevardiˈs anthropological basic facts are theism, contemplation, seeking for maturity, seeking for society. The methodology of the present study is descriptive and it is an applied research. Statistical population includes works of and other experts (about Sohrevardi’s thoughts). Data were gathered by interviewing with professionals in this field, note taking on cards from library information. In this direction, strategies have been suggested to develop above mentioned basics and their application can shift educational settings from external knowledge transfer to knowledge production (creativity).

[Ali Shariatmadari, Saeideh khojasteh, Ezatollah Naderi. Surveying basic facts of anthropology from Sohrevardiˈs point of view and educational deductions resulted from it. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):4587-4593] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 690

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.690

 

Keywords: Anthropology, Education, theism, contemplation, seeking for maturity, seeking for society

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691

Investigation of Children and Teenagers crime and supports from Legislator

 

Mohammad Alinia

 

alinia_mohammad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: We have investigated Children and Teenagers crime and supports from Legislator in Iran. In this research, society of boy criminal has analyzed. Results indicate that prevention the crime is more important than its occurrence and it can prevent the crime considerably.

[Mohammad Alinia. Investigation of Children and Teenagers crime and supports from Legislator. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4594-4599] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 691

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.691

 

Keywords: children crime, criminal factors family, law, prevention

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692

Citizenship Education: A Fundamental Mission in Educational System

 

Ali Afsari, Abbas Anarinejad

 

Farhangian University, Shiraz, Iran

 

Abstract: Due to the seriousness of globalization during the two last decades, the issue of citizenship has become the most important contemporary social issue and has attracted those involved in educational systems of most countries in the world. Fostering curiosity, independent thinking, emergence of abilities and talents, and strengthening the senses are among theissues emphasized in the new century which can be set into motion through designing and implementing citizenship paradigms.In this line, given the general object of fostering humans' personality, educational system has the most fundamental role in researching about the important responsibility of citizenship education. Schools and academic programs play a vital role in the educational materials, teaching methods, and an appropriate place they offer for extending the citizenship culture. So, the main mission of educational system is to socialize learners and equip them with the necessary knowledge, values, and skills for living in a society, or in other words, citizenship education. Of course, it is important to note that paying attention to merely one factor in institutionalizing the citizenship properties does not suffice as many factors in society are involved in educating a citizen in the present and future society.

[Ali Afsari, Abbas Anarinejad. Citizenship Education: A Fundamental Mission in Educational System. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4600-4604] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 692

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.692

 

Keywords: citizenship education, citizenship properties and qualifications, educational system

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693

The foreign policy of U.S.A in the Middle East and Great Middle East policy

 

Rostam Aydipor

 

E-mail: aydiporRostam@ymail.com

 

Abstract: Strategy of a rule rarely appears in a decision making, but it is appeared in a series of the successive decisions that they have been chosen in attempt to reconcile the goals, values and benefits with conditions and features of the internal and external environment. Regarding to the geopolitics and unique sources of the Middle East and its importance from different views after the Second World War and in the dipolar international system era and even after Union of Soviet Republics decline, the Middle East has been one of the foreigner policy priorities of U.S.A, as any choice isn’t replacing of the Middle East in U.S.A diplomacy (Ikenberry, G. John, ed. 2010). The political behavior of heads of U.S.A expresses the reality that benefits of U.S.A in the Middle East is red line to that country and U.S.A is ready in order to protect it accept any risk.

[Rostam Aydipor. The foreign policy of U.S.A in the Middle East and Great Middle East policy. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4605-4611] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 693

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.693

 

Keywords: U.S.A, the foreigner policy, Middle East, Great Middle East

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694

Investment in transportation and examining its influence on the economical Growth of Iran

 

Hamid Bahrami

 

Department of Management, shushtar branch, Islamic Azad University, shushtar, Iran

 

Abstract: Today, transportation is one of the substructure parts of society that not only affects the economical growth process, but also is changed in development. The transportation substructure is one of the substructure parts of services has an important position in the economical development of countries. An efficient and appropriate transportation network causes goods transportation and services costs and also trade expansion in the national level and so industry development. Regarding to the importance of investment in transportation and economical growth, the Granger causality relationship between investment in transportation and economical growth in Iran between 1963 and 2009 is examined in a study by using Tuda and Yamamoto methods. The obtained results shows that there is a one- sided relationship of Granger causality from the impure fixed capital formation under transportation section towards GDP.

[Hamid Bahrami. Investment in transportation and examining its influence on the economical Growth of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4612-4616] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 694

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.694

 

Keywords: Investment, transportation part, economic growth, Granger causality relationship, Tuda and Yamamoto methods

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695

Appropriate technology in developing countries

 

Mohammad Bahrami seifabad

 

Department of Management, Yasuj branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran

E-mail: mohammadbahramiseifabadi@ymail.com

 

Abstract: Achieving the desired state of development is the main goal of planners and decision makers in any society at local, regional, and national levels. If the goal of a society is to develop, it will not be realized without a transformation, mutation, and fundamental change. Achieving various breakthroughs in technology promises great potential facilities and unexpected hopes to all developing countries. Countries that fail to take advantage of these technologies will be at the risk of being marginalized in the world compared with other countries and their people may stay away from the mainstream of political, economic, and cultural life.

[Mohammad Bahrami seifabad. Appropriate technology in developing countries. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4617-4622] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 695

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.695

 

Keywords: technology, developing countries

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696

Determinants of Capital Structure in Iran

 

Ali NEMATI1, Joriah Muhammad2

 

1Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

2School of management University Sains Malaysia

anemati67@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Most shareholders, investors and financial controllers are concerned about company’s capital structure because the combination of company’s capital structure would affect profitability. Determinants of capital structure have been studied by many researchers worldwide but not the determinants of capital structure in Iran. Hence this study is conducted to determine the factors that influence the capital structure of the 129 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange from the period of 2001 to 2008. This study is also to find the relationship between tangibility, profitability, liquidity and firm size with capital structure. The findings indicate that liquidity is the most significant factor that influenced the capital structure, followed by tangibility, size and profitability. Tangibility, liquidity and size are significant and positively related to capital structure but profitability is not significant and negatively related to capital structure of the listed companies in Iran.

[Ali NEMATI, Joriah Muhammad. Determinants of Capital Structure in IranForests. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4623-4627] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 696

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.696

 

Keywords: capital structure; tangibility ; firm size ; profitability ; liquidity

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697

The Phonetic Processes (Transformations) in the Abadeh Tashk Dialect

 

Faranak Ramezani

 

Department of Persian literature, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

Faranakramzani@ymail.com

 

Abstract: The dialect of the village of Abadeh tashk undergoes clear pheonological change.In many words a consonant is changed to another consonant,that is, it undeagoes alteration,or some consonants are omited that is,elision occurs. In some words, two consonants replace each other that is reversal happers in them. In some other case are in a word insertion happens. It sometimes happens that in a word more than one change occur, In other words, elisionand reversal. Alteration and reversal, alteration and insertion and or all happen to gether.In the dialect under study,in most case elision,alteration. Reversal, increase and elision and reversal happen.

[Faranak Ramezani. The Phonetic Processes (Transformations) in the Abadeh Tashk Dialect. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4628-4632] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 697

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.697

 

Keywords: omission, replace, anagram, anagram and omission, addition

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Mythical Physiognomy of “Hero” in Ibn Hessam Khosfi’s Khavar Nameh

 

Shahrbanoo Haghshenas

 

Department of Persian Language and Literature, farrashband branch, Islamic Azad University, farrashband,Iran

 

Abstract: In the epic of Khavar Nameh, myths have prominent roles. Like Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, this work includes noble and valuable mythical physiognomies and each one of them is noteworthy. To express his ideas and goal, Ibn Hessam has skillfully used such myths as hero, creation, good and evil, dragon, demon, and etc. which are required for an epic work. In this Article, by examining the mythical physiognomy of “hero” in Khavaran Nameh, it is observed how Ibn hessam has made Ali (PBUH), who is a religious and historical character, the hero of his own epic, so that he own all the features of a mythical hero, stands against all bad and evil forces, defeats all evils by his extraordinary actions and behavior, and brings goodness for human beings.

[Shahrbanoo Haghshenas. Mythical Physiognomy of “Hero” in Ibn Hessam Khosfi’s Khavar Nameh. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4633-4636] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 698

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.698

 

Keywords: Myth, hero, Khavaran Nameh, Ibn Hessam, epic

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699

Analysis of Nevirapine and Lamivudine in human plasma of HIV infected patients by high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS)

 

Umar Yagoub1, 5, Awang Bulgiba1, Peramalah Devi1, Didi EM2, Mustafa Ali2,, Christopher Lee3, Chik Zamr2,4

 

1. Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2. Shimadzu UMMC Center for Xenobiotics Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3 Department of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buluh Selangor Malaysia

4 University of Malaya Bioequivalence and Testing Center (UBAT), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

5. Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

mohammedumar2001@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: High pressure liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of lamivudine and nevirapine in human plasma. The method was validated over the linearity range of 10–500 ng/ml (R2 > 0.99) using zalcitabine as an internal standard. Blood samples were obtained from HIV patients at two different collecting times which were first blood samples collected when the questionnaire was administered and second blood sample after one month from the collection of the first blood sample. The plasma extraction was performed using protein precipitation of plasma, followed by centrifugation. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 10 ng/ml. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax-C18 and the flow rate was kept constant at 0.8ml/min. Mobile phase A was formic acid in water and mobile phase B was 10mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile with pH 5.8. LC-MS-MS in positive mode used pairs of ions of 230.20/111.90, 267.08/226.10, 212.08/112.00 for lamivudine, nevirapine and zalcitabine, respectively. Excellent precision and accuracy were observed. The recovery achieved was 85%. A second sample was collected from the same patients after a period of one month to validate the method. Higher sensitivity and accuracy achieved for this method make it suitable to measure low concentration of lamivudine and nevirapine in plasma of healthy and diseased subjects.

[Umar Yagoub, Bulgiba AM, Didi EM, Mustafa Ali, Peramalah D, Lee C, Chik Z. Analysis of Nevirapine and Lamivudine in human plasma of HIV infected patients by high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4637-4645] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 699

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.699

 

Keywords: Nevirapine; Lamivudine; LC-MS-MS; Validation

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700

An Agar-Free Insect Rearing Artifical Diet: A New Approach for the Low Cost Mass Rearing of The Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

 

A.A. Alfazairy1, H.A. Sadek2, G.Z. Guirguis2, and H.H. Karam1

 

1Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Department of Applied Entomology, University of Alexandria, Egypt.

2Department of Field Crop Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Applied Entomology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt

ahlam.alfazairy@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: A new formula for insect rearing artificial diets without using any of their conventional gelling agents was provided in the present work, for the first time. Larvae of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were successfully mass-reared, for nine consecutive generations on an agar-free artificial diet. This suggested medium is based on yellow lentils, Lens culinaris and rice, Oryza sativa as the basic constituents. An accurately amounted ratio between these two highly nutritive constituents produces, when cooked, a firm gel with desirable physical properties for insect-rearing artificial media. Through 9 consecutive generations, the S. littoralis biological results of the developmental durations, pupation %, pupal weights, sex ratio, adult emergency, longevity, fecundity and egg fertility, were either comparable or superior to those recorded for both the reference natural diet, the castor bean leaves Ricinus communis L. and the previously reported results on agar-or alginate-based media for rearing the present insect On this diet, S. littoralis larvae have been reared for 9 generations with no noticeable decline in their yields of pupae or moths and fecundity or hatchability. The estimated cost of the suggested artificial diet ingredients for rearing 1000 newly-hatched larvae until pupation, was about 6.2L.E. (ca., $1.0). On the other hand, the cost of such an agar-free diet was found to be reduced by 60 to 73% when compared to agar-based diets developed by other authors.

[Alfazairy A, Sadek H, Guirguis G, Karam H. An Agar-Free Artifical Diet: A New Approach for Low Cost Mass Rearing of The Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4646-4653] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 700

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.700

 

Keywords: Spodoptera littoralis; mass-production; low cost diet; agar-free diet; development; pupation; emergence; fecundity; fertility.

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701

Organizational Position Properties and its Impact on Purchase

 

Ardalan Eyni1, Mehrzad Saeedikiya2, Payman Rabiei1 and Zeinab Abbaszadeh2

 

1. Department of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan, Iran

2. Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Shiraz, Iran

ardalan_eyni@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This survey tries to investigate if there is a significant relationship between the essence and pressures of buying center participants’ job and their preferences in prioritizing the elements of Marketing Mix. For this purpose, the authors performed a case study on selling the “intracranial pressure monitoring” (ICP Monitoring) _ manufactured by Mӧller Medical Company, Germany _ in Fars medical centers equipped with neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU), Iran _ as the buyer organizations _ and extracted the opinions of participants in buying decision making. The results showed that in organizational purchasing, in addition to environmental specifications and characteristics of employees, their “Organizational Position Properties” (OPP) also have significant impact on their preferences on how they prioritize the 4P’s of Marketing Mix. The article continued with providing some suggestions to sellers and marketers on attracting the agreement of different buying center participants regarding with their Organizational Position Properties.

[Eyni A, Saeedikiya M, Rabieie P, Abbaszadeh Z. Organizational Position Properties and its Impact on Purchase. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4654-4659] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 701

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.701

 

Keywords: Organizational position properties; business to business marketing; decision making; marketing mix effectiveness; organizational buying behavior

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702

Heavy Metal Concentrations of Drinking Water in South of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

 

Asia Alshikh

 

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Higher Education, Jazan University, Deanship of Scientific Research, Science College, Jazan. Ziadahmed1020@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Drinking water is an important factor in survival. Many trace elements, both metals and non-metals, in drinking water are capable of causing human diseases if their concentrations exceed certain permissible levels. In this work, the direct determination of some trace heavy metals in the drinking water were carried out by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The stripping current arising from the oxidation of metals were connected with the concentration the metals in the sample. The concentration of some trace heavy metals found in the drinking water sample were determined using acetate buffer (pH: 4.2). This value of elements in this study is between the limit values suggested by WHO, EPA and SASO.

[Asia Alshikh. Heavy Metal Concentrations of Drinking Water in South of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4660-4665] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 702

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.702

 

Keywords: drinking water; voltammetry; Saudi; trace heavy elements.

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703

Expression levels of microRNA-21 and microRNA-146a in patients with Oral Lichen Planus

 

Gihane Gharib Madkour, Hani EL Nahass, Wesam Abd El Moneim Mohamad

 

Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine,

 Cairo University, Egypt. gihanemadkour@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the oral mucosal tissues. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of OLP has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-146a in oral tissue samples from patients with OLP and matched healthy controls using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our results showed a significant over-expression of miRNA-21(3.2-fold) and miRNA-146a (5.6-fold) in OLP patients compared to healthy controls. These results indicate that miRNAs may be the novel candidate biomarkers for the implication of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of OLP.

[Gihane Gharib Madkour, Hani EL Nahass, Wesam Abd El Moneim Mohamad. Expression levels of microRNA-21 and microRNA-146a in patients with Oral Lichen Planus. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4666-4670] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 703

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.703

 

Keywords: Oral lichen planus; miRNA-21; miRNA-146a.

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704

Review the existing lack of requirement for performance auditing and its impact on improvement in organizational knowledge

 

1*Mozhgan Moharrami and 2Mohammad Afshari

 

1, 2M.A in accounting, Accounting Department, Qods Branch,Islamic Azad University, Qods City, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Marzi_04@yahoo.com,

 

Abstract: Today in economic environment that has several systems with different dimensions management of organization growingly focuses on evaluation of cost- effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness of organizational operation; operational auditing is used as a tool for such assessment. It necessitates in competitive environments that managers to lead the affairs properly in the path of work progress and toward the strategic goals which considered consciously by the given organization by adopting of performance evaluation process. Performance auditing is a useful tool to adjust these systems and leading the organization toward its objectives. In our country, government is responsible for administration of the majority portion of economic sources and quality of managing them essentially influences in nation’s fate. Performance auditing reflects a modern attitude toward auditing, which comprises of common auditing and management consultation. Performance auditing is focused on way of utilization from organization’s sources and it deals with information and intra-organizational systems and instructions and mainly acts as an advisor for management. On the other hand, performance auditing may play crucial role in improvement of knowledge management by transferring the possibility for optimal decision making. Given that knowledge management denotes knowledge management for empowerment of personnel and organization to do their activities efficiently so in the present research, 5 dimensions of knowledge management (Knowledge acquisition, knowledge record, knowledge transfer, knowledge creation, and knowledge application) have been investigated. The given study is of descriptive survey type and it is considered as applied research in terms of objective where library and field study method has been adopted for review and gathering information. Furthermore, a questionnaire was prepare and distributed among respondents and the results were obtained after collection data and conducting the statistical computations via SPSS software. 12 hypotheses have been taken into consideration to examine the aforesaid subject and findings from hypotheses were separately mentioned. Statistical population of the present study has been divided into 4 groups as follows: 1- Auditors from Iranian Audit Organization, 2- Auditors of Supreme Audit Court, 3- Experts and professors, and 4- Managers and experts from Governmental Institutions (Public Sector). Finally, according to regulations of groups, the results of the investigation into the existing deficiencies in requirement of performance auditing are based on this fact that lack of intellectual and behavioral independence in performance auditors is considered as most trivial challenge while lack of an appropriate budgeting system as well as absence of adequate rules and regulations and commitment of governmental managers to traditional techniques are deemed as the paramount challenges. At last, some practical and relevant suggestions have been also presented to continue and follow up the similar researches in the future. And with respect to the results obtained from review of binding nature of any hypothesis in different dimensions of knowledge management suggests that performance auditing may play crucial role in optimization of organizational knowledge.

[Mozhgan Moharrami and Mohammad Afshari. Review the existing lack of requirement for performance auditing and its impact on improvement in organizational knowledge. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4671-4683] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 704

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.704

 

Keywords: Performance (Operational) Auditing, Public Sector Institutions, Accountability, Public Administration, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Cost- Effectiveness, Knowledge Management, Human Resources Audit

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705

Reviewing of effective factors on current account imbalance: a case study on Iran

 

Zahra Fotourehchi1* and Davoud Panahi2

 

1Young Researcher club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran, E-Mail: z.faturechi@yahoo.com, +905313859783

2Social Science Departments, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran, G-Mail: davoudpanahi@gmail.com, +989144529379, +905313859784

 

Abstract: This paper examinesfactors that by means of household consumption expenditure effect on current account position, for 1980-2010 in Iran. We foundthat among different factors, transition factors and income distribution indicators were significant, the increase of age dependency ratio, young and improvement of income distribution increased household consumption and had negative effect on current account.

 [Zahra Fotourehchi and Davoud Panahi. Reviewing of effective factors on current account imbalance: a case study on Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4684-4694] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 705

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.705

 

Keywords: current account, consumption, age dependency, income distribution

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706

The importance of knowledge management technologies in performance improvement of organizations

 

Shahram Mirzaei Daryani1, Yadollah Khodaverdi2, Eshagh Rasouli1, Bahman Shareghi1

 

1Department of Management,Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad university, Ardabil, Iran

E-mail:Shahram.daryani@yahoo.com, bshareghi@yahoo.com

2Department of Management,zanjan branch, Islamic Azad university, zanjan, Iran

E-mail:dr_ y _khodaverdi@yahoo.com

*Corresponding Author: Shahram Mirzaei Daryani, E-mailShahram.daryani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Human systems in every level from its existence to human societies have found knowledge based approach more than before as the basic of sustainable competitive advantage. Based on this belief the precursor organizations give more importance for attracting or training knowledge or learning personnel. Knowledge management has been able to show its effect on appearing and training scholars by its suitable establishment. In present paper, knowledge management technologies by emphasis on its hardware have been discussed. Of course, technology in every area of science, subjects and knowledge of management in organization can be discussed in its four sections, techno ware, human ware, info ware, orgaware.Various tools of knowledge management technology have been able to cause its suitable establishment and continuity with easier better, faster form by mediator and facilitator role. Strengthening of creativity and innovation of personnel in making these tools and application of effective strategies in their power increasing and motivating in optimized using of knowledge management technologies can be one of the most essential and vital duties of leaders and managers of organizations who have not had methodological and objective actions.

 [Shahram Mirzaei Daryani, Yadollah Khodaverdi, Eshagh Rasouli, Bahman Shareghi. The importance of knowledge management technologies in performance improvement of organizations. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4695-4699] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 706

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.706

Keywords: knowledge management, technology, knowledge management technologies, success and dynamics of organization.

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707

The Survey of Effective Factors in Sustainable Exporting of Export Manufacturing Enterprises

 

Shahram Mirzaei Daryani*, Farzad Sattari Ardabili and Bhaman shareghi

 

Department of Management, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*CorrespondingAuthor:Shahram Mirzaei Daryani, E-mail: Shahram.daryani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to help development of exports of Ardabil province in Iran through identifying effective factors in sustainable exporting of export manufacturing enterprises province and presenting empowerment solutions for it. so this paper is applied research in terms of objective, and descriptive in terms of method, and for method of study porter’s comprehensive model which believes that the interaction of three important factors named government, market and enterprises lead to sustainable exporting and global competitiveness, has been used. Data for this study were collected by questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire was in three parts, first part relates to the characteristics of export manufacturing enterprises, second part evaluates effective factors of exporting of enterprises, and the third part of the questionnaire is dedicated to evaluate internal effective factors of exporters (strategies and operations of enterprises), to evaluate these barriers, 40 questions in five spectral Likert scale have been designed. To test designed questionnaire reliability, the views of experts and university professors in the field of research subject have been used, and for questionnaire validity testing, Cronbach's alpha have been used. Collected data from the population, have been analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Research findings indicated that the most important factor influencing the failure of enterprises to export activities is government, according to theoretical basis, by legislation and regulation, developing the right strategies for exporting and creating conditions for easy trading, plays an essential role in the development of export.

[Shahram Mirzaei Daryani, Farzad Sattari Ardabili and Bhaman shareghi. The Survey of Effective Factors in Sustainable Exporting of Export Manufacturing Enterprises. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4700-4713] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 707

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.707

Keywords: exports, export manufacturing enterprises, porter comprehensive model, Ardabil, Iran

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708

Determination measure of efficiency using by undesirable inputs of DEA

 

Monzeli.Abbasali and Saeid Ebadi

 

Department of Mathematics. Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Monzeli.Abbasali, E-mail: abas_ali354 @yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, the possibility of suitable production is presented, and then a new method is suggested taking into account the existence of some undesirable components is the outputs and inputs of the Decision, Making Units (DMUs) in the set.

[Monzeli.Abbasali and Saeid Ebadi. Determination measure of efficiency using by undesirable inputs of DEA. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4714-4718] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 708

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.708

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Undesirable Inputs and Outputs, Efficiency.

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709

Soybean qualities parameters, seed yield and its components response to planting dates and density in the north of Iran

 

Homa Taghavi1, Hamid Reza Mobasser1, Elyas Rahimi Petroudi1, Salman Dastan2

 

1. Department Department of Agronomy, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.

2. Department of Agriculture, Payam Nour University, Mazandaran, Iran.

sdastan@srbiau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: In order to evaluation of soybean (Glycin max L.), qualities parameters, seed yield and its dependents components response to planting dates and plant density, an experiment was carried out at the Islamic Azad University of Qaemshahr Agronomy farm, Mazandaran, Iran in 2012. This experiment was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design based three replications. Planting dates were chosen as main plots including: May 14, July 5 and August 15, and plant density as sub plots including: 20, 40, 60 and 80 plant per m2. The results showed that planting date on May 14 had the most number of days from planting to flowering, number of days from flowering to filling pod, first pod height from ground surface, number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant, due to highest seed yield (420.3 g/m2) was produced for this planting date, but the maximum oil percentage was observed on August 15 and the most 100-seed weight and protein percentage were obtained on July 5. The maximum number of pod per plant had observed with 20 plants per square, but highest seed yield was produced with 80 plants per square. As the most oil and protein percentage were observed with 20 and 80 plants per square. The maximum seed yield (581.1 g/m2) was conducted for interaction planting date on May 14 with 80 plants per square, because of increase number of seed per pod.

[Taghavi H, Mobasser H.R, Rahimi Petroudi E, Dastan S. Soybean qualities parameters, seed yield and its components response to planting dates and density in the north of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4719-4726] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 709

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.709

 

Keywords: Density; oil percentage; planting date; seed yield; soybean

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710

Field Study of the 2008-2009 Red Tide in the Northern Strait of Hormuz

 

S. Hamzehei 1, A. A. Bidokhti 2, M. S. Mortazavi 3, A. Gheiby 4, M. Ebrahimi 3, F. Saraji 3

 

1. Department of Physical Oceanography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2. Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Iran

3. Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, Bandar Abbas, Iran

4. Departments of Physics, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran

sh_hamzei@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The catastrophic event of red tide has happened in the Strait of Hormuz, the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman from late summer 2008 to spring 2009. With its devastating effects, the phenomenon shocked all the countries located in the margin of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman and caused considerable losses to fishery industries, tourism, and tourist and trade economy of the region. In the maritime cruise carried out by the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman Ecological Research Institute, field data, including temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen and algal density were obtained for this research. Satellite information was received from MODIS sensor. Temperature and surface chlorophyll images were obtained and compared with the field data. The results obtained from the present research indicated that with the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HAB), the Chlorophyll-a and the dissolved oxygen contents increased in the surface water. Maximum algal density was seen in the northern coasts of the Strait of Hormuz. Less concentration of algal density was detected in deep and surface offshore water. Temperature and chlorophyll satellite images were proportionate to the measured values obtained by the field method. This indicates that satellite measurements have acceptable precisions and they can be used in sea monitoring.

S. Hamzehei, A. A. Bidokhti, M. S. Mortazavi, A. Gheiby, M. Ebrahimi, F. Saraji. Field Study of the 2008-2009 Red Tide in the Northern Strait of Hormuz. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4727-4733] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 710

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.710

 

Keywords: Red Tide, Strait of Hormuz; Persian Gulf; Iran

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711

The effect of wave parameters on the current patterns and sediment transport in the Inlets

 

M. Sadatkiaee 1, A. Karami-Khaniki 2, A. Aliakbari-Bidokhti 3

 

1. Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Physical oceanography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2. Assistant professor, Deptartment of Physical Oceanography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3. Department of Space physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Iran.

E-mails: Nahid_sadatkiaee@yahoo.com; akk7239@yahoo.com; Bidokhti@ac.ut.ir

 

Abstract: Hydrodynamic factors such as waves and currents play significant role in the inlets morphology changes. Therefore, recognizing their roles, as the transference processes, plays an effective role in detecting the geometry, as well as, the forms of shores and inlets. Wave is a hydrodynamic factor and wave break in shallow water of inlet portal causes the transfer of some shore currents and sediment to this zone. This research focuses on, the performance of relevant parameters such as, wave height, direction, wave period and its effect on the sedimentation pattern, and erosion in the inlet. For this purpose, a basin is simulated with irregular meshing and the dimension of 10 to 50 m using the Mike software. Regarding the height effect, first, the waves are reflected by various heights and constant period as cross- shore. Then, for studying the role of wave ray angle the waves sent to the inlet with constant height and period under various angles. Finally, to investigate the effect of wave period, the wave appears to be reflected to the inlet with constant height under various periods as cross-shore. The results obtained from the simulation show that the change of wave height has a significant effect on the current pattern and sedimentation. The speed of current as well as the volume of transfer sedimentation in the channel increase with increasing in the wave height. In addition, by changing the wave reflection angle against shore line, the current pattern and sedimentation are changed in the inlet and its sides. However, the period of wave has no significant effect on the pattern and current rate and sedimentation.

[M. Sadatkiaee, A. Karami-Khaniki, A. Aliakbari-Bidokhti. The effect of wave parameters on the current patterns and sediment transport in the Inlets. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4734-4739] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 711

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.711

 

Keywords: Estuary; wave height; ray angle; wave period; wave break down; sedimentation; erosion

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The survey of design, implementation process and evaluation of educational animation

 

Zahra Jamebozorg 1, Mohammad Salimi 2

 

1. Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

2. University of Kermanshah Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

jamebozorgzahra@ymail.com

 

Abstract: Animation is one of the most interesting visual phenomena educating scientific realities as descriptive and in the form of imaginary stories to the learner. Providing the scenario and selecting effective characters in an educational animation can facilitate the education of complex and abstract concepts. Today, there is some software to provide 2-D, 3-D and probe-based animations facilitating the complex operation of providing animation. Animation affects sight and hearing senses for better and rapid learning of the concepts. The researchers by being inspired of learning theories can present suitable theoretical basics to increase the abilities of animations in learning and teaching process. To provide and produce effective animation in education, we should consider design, execution and evaluation of educational animations. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to determine a good structure to provide an effective educational animation. This study was done by quality method and Delphi method was used for data collection. In this method, the comments of specialists were collected for three stages and after the conclusion was presented in a checklist with 23 items in general stage of design, 59 items in special stage of design, 6 items in production and execution stage and four items in evaluation of the animation. The review of literature of the previous studies on key points was determined in this study to consider in design, execution and educational animation evaluation process. In this study, the concept of educational animation and its characteristics, learning-teaching theories and the studies are determined and the conclusion and discussion are presented in this regard.

[Zahra Jamebozorg, Mohammad Salimi. The survey of design, implementation process and evaluation of educational animation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4740-4749] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 712

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.712

 

Keywords: Animation; educational animation; design process; execution; evaluation

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Testing Separability between Iranian Import and Domestic Agricultural Commodities (Application to Iran Grains Demand in a Dynamic Model)

 

Mohammad Reza Hosseini Pour, Reza Moghaddasi, Saeed Yazdani

 

Department of Agricultural Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

hosseinipour54@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this study the demand relations for two main grains, wheat and rice in Iran are estimated and interpreted. Two main aims of this study are the separability between import and domestic grains and performance of static versus dynamic models of consumer behavior. A dynamic system of demand functions beside a static LA/AIDS model used to test the separability restrictions in Iran grains consumption data. The results indicate that a dynamic specification of the AIDS model is better than the static model. The separability test showed imported wheat and rice are separable from the domestic wheat and rice so Iran import grains demand must analysis separable from Iran domestic grain demand.

[Mohammad Reza Hosseini Pour, Reza Moghaddasi, Saeed Yazdani. Testing Separability between Iranian Import and Domestic Agricultural Commodities (Application to Iran Grains Demand in a Dynamic Model). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4750-4756] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 713

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.713

 

Keywords: Separability; Dynamic AIDS model; wheat; rice; import demand

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714

The effect of Qade Al-Saman "Arab contemporary writer" in Arab and Iran literature

 

Entesar Bek Khoshnevis 1, Amir Esmaeel Azar 2, Abdolhoseyn Farzad 3

 

1. Department of Language, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Language, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3. Human Sciences and Cultural Studying Research Center, Tehran, Iran

azarkasb@ymail.com

 

Abstract: In the current era, transferring human heritages from one nation to another and from one language to another is one of the most important development tools of civilization and the study of literature works of Iran and Arab is of great importance. These two are closely related with Islamic common culture during many centuries and the effect of these common cultural relations reflected them in various fields especially in their literature and one of the complexes one is story. In the current study, we investigated about the importance of literature, different kinds and life history of women of Arab world literature including Qade Al-Saman. In addition, we deal with the literature of Iran.

[Entesar Bek Khoshnevis, Amir Esmaeel Azar, Abdolhoseyn Farzad. The effect of Qade Al-Saman "Arab contemporary writer" in Arab and Iran literature. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4757-4762] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 714

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.714

 

Keywords: Story literature; Feminism; Qade Al-Saman

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A view of meritocracy in Ferdowsi the book of kings

 

Taghi Amini Mofrad, Kobra Nodehi, Zohreh Arab

 

Department of Persian Literature, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

E-mail: t_amini44@gorganiau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: The book of kings of Tus is not only the history of storytelling of old Iran but it is a treasure of valuable source of wisdom and knowledge and sociology and social issues were valuable things of this rich source. Meritocracy is considered a social item in this work with good position. Some examples are referred in this paper.

[Taghi Amini Mofrad, Kobra Nodehi, Zohreh Arab. A view of meritocracy in Ferdowsi the book of kings. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4763-4767] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 715

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.715

 

Keywords: Ferdowsi the book of kings; meritocracy; qualification; testing and selection

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Eulogy in Persian Literature

 

Abbas soltany gerdfaramarzy

 

PhD Candidate, Iranian studies, Institute of oriental studies, National Academy of Sciences,yerevan, Armenian
abas_soltani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A great part of Persian literature is consisting of eulogy and elegy. Elegy is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead and eulogy is a poem that is said in the compliment and adore of a special person, live or dead. By the review of the history of Persian literature we can find that from the beginning of Persian poem, adoring the power owners was in eulogy poems.

[Abbas soltany gerdfaramarzy. Eulogy in Persian Literature. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4768-4773] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 716

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.716

 

Keywords: Poem; Iran; Eulogy; Persian literature

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Faculty leadership through self-assessment.

 

Dr. S.Srividhya 1, P. Viji 2

 

1. Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University,Regional Center Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: ssautcbe@gmail.com

 2. Ph.D Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University,Regional Center Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: srpviji@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Basically, an assessment on faculty’s performance involves assessing of competencies in needed domains of the profession. Indeed, outside of the teaching competencies and different skilled responsibilities that facilitate outline what makes a good faculty; a college should even have sure traits or characteristics that area unit imperative to form his or her teaching effective. The absence or lack of such traits might spell the distinction between success and failure in transfer regarding the specified learning outcomes in students. The performance of the faculty is also influenced by several factors like family and monetary background; expertise and exposure. For this study, 168 faculty members were hand-picked from the engineering schools attached to Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore, across nine zones. A group of visible and invisible competencies were derived from previous studies. “T” check and confirmative co relational analysis were made to make sure the validity and dependability of the constructs. A positive association with age, family size and family financial gain and also the competencies possessed were found.

[Dr. S.Srividhya, P. Viji. Faculty leadership through self-assessment. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4774-4778] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 717

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.717

Key words: Faculty performance, self-assessment, visible competencies, invisible competencies.

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718

Study of Students Health via Injuries which effect on their Absences in school

 

M. Zare (PhD) 1, A. Bahonar (PhD) 2, S. Alikhani (MD-MPh) 3, SH. Zakiani (MSc-PhD Student) 4, A. Zare (BSc) 5

 

1. Research and Technology Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

2. Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

3. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

4. Research and Technology Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

zakiani2004@gmail.com

5. Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: Background: Study on the prevalence and pattern of the occurrence of injuries on school children and its effect on the health and education of students is considered very important. Material and Methods: 2003 school children from the elementary, guidance and high school in Pakshar were recruited in a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling method. Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) was used as questionnaire in survey. Results: 44.2% of the subjects had a history of injury in the last 12 months with a higher prevalence in boys than in girls (p<0/01) and with more incidence of trauma in the lower age. 50.4% of the total injuries have resulted to school absences with a mean of 6/16 days (SD=1/16) and 64.6% had absences of 3 days or less. Conclusion: Education on injury prevention in schools especially among the boys is necessary and attention must be given more to children on the lower age.

[M. Zare, A. Bahonar, S. Alikhani, SH. Zakiani, A. Zare. Study of Students Health via Injuries which effect on their Absences in school. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4779-4782] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 718

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.718

 

Keywords: Health; Absence of school; Accident; Cross-sectional; Injury; students; Trauma

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Natural Associations between Symbionts Photorhabdus Spp. and Xenorhabdus spp. and Bacteria Related to Ochrobactrum anthropi, Bacillus pumilus and Enterobacter cloacae

 

1Hussien A. Abouelhag and 2Hanan A. El-Sadawy

 

1 Microbiology and Immunology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt

2 Parasitology and animal diseases Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt

drabouelhag@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. are symbiotic bacteria that produce numerous metabolites of insecticidal and bactericidal impact. It was thought that these biological metabolites gave them the privilege of predominance in the gut of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The aim of this work was to investigate and characterize the associated bacteria with symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus in-vitro culture of EPNs (Heterorhabditis indica RM1, Heterorhabditis sp. S1 and Steinernema abbasi). The gut flora of EPNs were isolated and characterized morphologically and biochemically. The isolated associated strains were completely identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA. The isolated strains were Ochrobactrum anthropi and Bacillus pumilus associated with Photorhabdus luminescens akhurstii in the gut of H. indica RM1 and Heterorhabditis sp. S1 (Egyptian isolates). Also Enterobacter cloacae were associated with X. indica in the gut of S. abbasi (Omani isolate). These associated isolates are raising the concern about their effect in epidemiological maps in Egypt, Oman and their significance as public health threats. Regarding the common use of (EPNs), previous clinical case reports for these associated isolates and their developing record in human infectivity we should pronounce alarm of possible biological hazard of intensive use of EPNs without monitoring the hidden associated bacteria during their manufacture.

[Hussien A. Abouelhag and Hanan A. El-Sadawy. Natural Associations between Symbionts Photorhabdus Spp. and Xenorhabdus spp. and Bacteria Related to Ochrobactrum anthropi, Bacillus pumilus and Enterobacter cloacae. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4783-4790] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 719

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.719

 

Keywords: Ochrobactrum spp., Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter cloacae Photorhabdus luminescens akhurstii, Xenorhabdus indica, Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema abbasi, 16S rRNA Gene Polymorphism and Sequencing.

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Does Erythropoietin Protect the Intestine against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits?

 

Shahryar Hashemzadeh 1, Khosrow Hashemzadeh 2, Mohammad Hossein Somi 3, Ramin Nosrati 4, Monireh Halimi 5, Raheleh Aligholipour 1, Kamyar Ghabili 6

 

1. Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3. Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

4. Department of General Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

5. Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

6. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

kghabili@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The protective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on intestinal ischemic/reperfusion injury has been less studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether EPO has protective effects on the intestinal ischemic/reperfusion injury in rabbits. Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits underwent clamping of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes. Then, the animals were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n=15) and the EPO-treated group (n=15). In the EPO-treated group, subcutaneous EPO (1000 IU/kg) was given 10 minutes before clamping, 30 minutes after clamping and immediately before declamping. Likewise, subcutaneous saline was injected as placebo in the control group. Blood sampling was performed before, at 2, 6 and 12 h after ischemic/reperfusion injury for biochemical analysis including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) measurements. At 2, 6 and 12 hours after ischemic/reperfusion injury, a segment of distal part of the terminal ileum was surgically resected from the ischemic intestine for light microscopic study. At 2 and 6 hours after the ischemic/reperfusion injury, the mean plasma levels of IL-6 in the EPO-treated group were lower than those in the controls (P<0.05). However, the mean TNF-α levels were lower in the control group at 2 hours after the injury (P=0.01). In the EPO-treated group, the mean levels of IL-6 at 6 hours after the ischemic/reperfusion injury were significantly higher than those at 2 hours after the injury (P=0.02). Furthermore, the mean levels of IL-6 at 12 hours after the ischemic/reperfusion injury were significantly higher compared with those at 2 hours after the injury (P=0.04). Histopathological assessment revealed that Park’s score at 12 hours after the ischemic/reperfusion injury was significantly lower in the EPO-treated group compared with the control group (P=0.001). In conclusion, EPO might exert a protective effect against ischemic/reperfusion injury in the rabbit model of intestinal ischemia.

[Hashemzadeh S, Hashemzadeh K, Somi MH, Nosrati R, Halimi M, Aligholipour R, Ghabili K. Does Erythropoietin Protect the Intestine against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits? Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4791-4795] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 720

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.720

 

Keywords: Ischemic/reperfusion injury; intestine; erythropoietin, interleukin-6; tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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721

Antecedents of Competency Mapping in Industrial Sector

Dr. S.Srividhya 1, P. Viji 2

 

1. Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University,Regional Center Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: ssautcbe@gmail.com

 

2. Ph.D Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University,Regional Center Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: srpviji@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This article comprehensively examines the competencies expected within the industrial sector with special respect tower section as this directly enhances the competence level of the workers and thereby reducing the prevailing gap between their expectation and perception. One hundred staff were selected who are operating within the floor level were surveyed through a structured form supported the previous study. three broad areas as well as the profile of the workers at the side of personal, institutional and environmental factors area unit thought of to investigate the antecedents of competence mapping in industrial sector and therefore the study disclosed the amount of expectation is larger than the amount of perception all told the higher than aforementioned factors, since the mean of expectation is larger than the mean perception. The analysis disclosed that the antecedents of competence mapping associated with all the three factors taken for the survey isn't up to the bench mark level of expectation with reference to the interview session with the workplace staff.

[S.Srividhya, P. Viji. Antecedents of Competency Mapping in Industrial Sector. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4796-4800] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 721

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.721

 

Keywords: Competencies, Competency mapping, Employee expectation, Employee perception

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722

Relation of creativity, emotional intelligence and social adjustment with elementary student's academic improvement in Iran

 

Somayyeh Hosseinpour 1 Mostafa Sheikhzade2, Roqiyeh Vahdat3

 

 1Department of Education, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

2Department of Education, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

3Department of Education, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

 

 

Abstract: Purpose of this article is to investigate the relation between creativity, emotional intelligence and social adjustment with fifth grade elementary students, education and training zone 1, in academic year 90-91.This survey is conducted with descriptive- correlation method on 312 fifth grade girl and boy elementary students that are selected with class sampling method.Variables of study are analyzed in social adjustment field through Shring emotional intelligence questionnaire, Abedi creativity questionnaire and California testing personality. Founded results indicate that there is no significant relation between emotional intelligence and academic improvement in fifth grade girl and boy elementary students (0.728) and (0.258). There is no significant relation between creativity and academic improvement in fifth grade boy elementary students (0.523). Also there is no significant relation between social adjustment and academic improvement in fifth grade girl and boy elementary students (0.363) and (0.920). According to significant level 0.003, it can be claimed that emotional intelligence is significantly more in boy students (101.31) than girl students (95.37) and this difference is statistically significance..

[Somayyeh Hosseinpour Mostafa Sheikhzade, Roqiyeh Vahdat. Relation of creativity, emotional intelligence and social adjustment with elementary student's academic improvement in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4801-4810] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 722

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.722

 

Keywords: creativity, emotional intelligence, social adjustment, elementary student's academic

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Wedding Celebration Customs of West Azerbaijan and Urmia in Tradition

 

Shamsi Miri Ghaffarzadeh 1, Hassan Nazari 2, Ninous Saadat

 

1. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran PO box 5714783734, Urmia, Iran

2. Department of Management, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran

solarraha@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: There is a tradition, for each person before birth and after death that has shaped his life and put him in touch with people in his community. Some of these traditions are carried on a constant basis like many holidays and others are transient and in a stage of life like wedding celebration. Prior to modern times, arranged marriage process was one of the most important functions of the family through the direct involvement of family members, relatives or relatives search or by introducing marriage query donors. Traditional marriage customs were seen prevalent in a society and family played first role in choosing a spouse for their child People in traditional marriage relationships were supported by relatives’ network In this paper an attempt has been made to codify the original sources and books, some of the customs and rituals relating to marriage.

[Shamsi Ghaffarzadeh, Hassan Nazari, Ninous Saadat. Wedding Celebration Customs of West Azerbaijan and Urmia in Tradition. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4811-4814] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 723

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.723

 

Keywords: customs, traditions, wedding, weddings, Urmia

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724

Theoretical investigation of argon plasma formation induced by laser radiation

 

Kholoud A. Hamam, Haifaa M. AL-Ghamdi and Yosr E E-D Gamal+

 

 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziza University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

+National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

haifaa65@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: A previously developed electron cascade model is modified and applied to investigate the breakdown threshold for plasma formation and propagation in the focal volume. The study is devoted to investigate the measurement that carried out on the breakdown of argon over a pressure range 0.013-1.00 atm (10 -760 torr) induced by 532 nm of Nd:YAG laser with pulse length 8 ns and maximum energy 500 mJ. The model solves numerically the time dependent Boltzmann equation and set of rate equations that describe the change of the excited states population.The result showed good agreement between the calculated threshold intensities/ or laser input energy and the measured ones over the tested pressure range, this in turn validate the applied numerical model. More over the calculation of the EEDF and its parameters showed the correlation between gas pressure and physical processes responsible for the gas breakdown and plasma formation. Taken into consideration the spatial and temporal variation of the laser intensity in the focal volume it was possible also to present in this work the study of the effect of laser input energy on plasma propagation along the axial distance of the spatially varying focal volume. The result of this study illustrated the increase rate of plasma propagation by increasing the input energy, where it is found that at input energy equals three and half time its threshold energy value, the plasma propagates to cover the whole Rayleigh range in the backward direction.

[Haifaa M. AL-Ghamdi, Kholoud A. Hamam and Yosr E E-D Gamal. Theoretical investigation of argon plasma formation induced by laser radiation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4815-4822] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 724

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.724

 

Keywords: argon, plasma pressure, plasma production by laser, electric breakdown, optical focusing, plasma diagnostics, laser –produced plasma, argon breakdown.

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The spatial analysis of effective factors on development of border rural regions of Saravan, Sib and Suran

 

Dr. Mohammad AjzaShokuhi 1, Dr.Barat Ali Khakpoor 2, Abdolsami Sepahi 3

 

1. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2. Associate Professor,Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3. Ph. D Student in Geography and Urban Planning, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

sepahi1387@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Development planning in Iran in recent 50 years is mostly based on section strategies and is mostly without development views and attitudes based on development conditions. The study area as a sub system of Iran residencies system was not far from these problems and was encountering with some issues as low literacy and employment, the lack of good communication ways, the shortage of health facilities, low agriculture and industries level and etc. indeed, these conditions leads into structural balance and development level in the region. The current study aimed to recognize and evaluate the effective factors in the development of rural areas of Saravan tow n and field and library methods were applied both to evaluate the indices. To evaluate the development HDI and taxonomy were applied and for data analysis, the advanced statistical methods such as multivariate regression, factor analysis techniques were applied. The final results of this study showed that spatial distribution of development indices in the region was not balanced as environmental and geographical conditions and establishment of rural residencies had considerable effect in distribution of the indices and services. Also, the exact share of health factors variables, agriculture, border trading were the most effective factors in determining the development level of the region.

[Mohammad AjzaShokuhi, Barat Ali Khakpoor, Abdolsami Sepahi. The spatial analysis of effective factors on development of border rural regions of Saravan, Sib and Suran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4823-4829] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 725

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.725

 

Keywords: Factor analysis; rural development; regression; Saravan; HDI

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Effect of feed additive “Exogenous Enzymes” on growth performance of Maghraby Camels

 

Adel E. M.1 and H. EL-Metwaly2

 

1Department of Animal Production, Faculty of agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.

2Camel Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Akkb2010@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of a mixture of exogenous enzymes (ZADO®) from anaerobic bacteria on growth performance, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters. Eighteen growing Maghraby camels averaged, 268.83 kg body weight; 1.5-2 years. Camels were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (6 in each) of similar weight and age, which were offered complete rations with tow levels of ZADO® product. The first group was Zero g/h/d (control), the second group take 20 g/h/d of ZADO® and the third group 40 g/h/d, over a period of 90 days. Results indicated that 40 g supplementation showed the best response in DM and OM digestibility. Carbohydrate results showed significantly effects of ZADO® supplementation on crude fiber and Nitrogen free extract in R40 being, 78.23 %, 80.60% and R20 being, 75.56%, 77.23%, respectively with insignificant difference between R20 and C ration. NDF digestibility was significantly with R40 (75.77%) followed by R20 (72.99%) and C (71.17 %). Blood parameters of control and tested groups of camels were in normal range with slight decrease in total lipid. Total body gain and average daily gain (ADG) significantly differed among experimental groups being 61.87, 84.82 and 88.65 kg and 0.69, 0.94 and 0.98, in C, R20 and R40 kg, respectively. Data related to feed intake as DM, TDN showed insignificant difference among groups of camels. It could be concluded that growing male Maghraby camels fed on the diet containing ZADO® performed better than those offered the control ration. Moreover, adding ZADO® in camel ration (40g/h/d) was the better, as confirmed by the highest body weight gain, most of blood metabolites and digestibility.

 [Adel E. M. and Hassan EL-Metwaly. Effect of feed additive “Exogenous Enzymes” on growth performance of Maghraby Camels. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4837-4842] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.726

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.726

 

Keywords: Camel, ZADO®, digestibility, daily gain.

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The selection of the most adaptable line of Carthamus tinctorius L. to the stress of non-irrigation conditions in mild region (Khoramabad, Lorestan)

 

Hadis Zaremanesh 1, Mohammad Hasanvand 2, Hossein Sabzi 2

 

1. Department of agriculture, Payame Noor University, Iran

2. Researchers at the Agricultural Research Center of Lorestan, Iran

hadis_zaremanesh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: To perform research project of Carthamus tinctorius L. non-irrigation was selected as the most adaptable one of Carthamus tinctorius L. under non-irrigation conditions in mild-cold regions of 19 lines in the form of completely random blocks in fall 2010 in research stations of Sarab Changayi located in km 5 of Khoram Abad road in three replications. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the numbers for the attributes height, number of grains in the bush, oil percent, the number of grains in the tray and the number of trays in the bush at level 1% and for the attributes of the weight of 1000 grains and grain performance per hectare at level 5%. The results of the comparison of the average attributes of the study showed that line 12 (306599 PI) in attributes of 1000 grains weight, height, the number of grains in the bush, oil percent, the number of grains in the tray, the number of tray in the bush and grain performance per hectare had the highest performance to other lines. Line 4 with 32g had the maximum weight of 1000 grains among the investigated lines. In the division to main components, the main component was named as the number of grains in the bush, the second component as height and the third component as biological performance.

[Hadis Zaremanesh, Mohammad Hasanvand, Hossein Sabzi. The selection of the most adaptable line of Carthamus tinctorius L. to the stress of non-irrigation conditions in mild region (Khoramabad, Lorestan). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4836-4840] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 727

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.727

 

Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius L.; non-irrigation; line; adaptation; stress

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Genetic Diversity among Some Tilapia species Based on ISSR Markers

 

Y.M. Saad1,2, M.A. Rashed3, A.H. Atta3, and N.E. Ahmed3

 

1Dept. of Biol. Science, Fac. of Sciences, King Abdulaziz Univ., KSA.

2 Genetic Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt.

3 Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shobra El-Kheima, Egypt.

yasser_saad19@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was used to develop fish species-specific molecular markers for four Tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis aureus, Tilapia zillii and Sarotherodon galilaeus). 12 ISSR primers were tested to assess the effectiveness of ISSR analysis in discriminating among the four applied fish species. Some ISSR markers were detected as species-specific for O. niloticus, O. aureus, S. galilaeus and T. zillii species. The Phylogenetic relationships among applied fish species were reconstructed using deferent methods (Sokal & Sneath, Dice and Simple match coefficients). The percentages of polymorphism were ranged from 0% to 67% within S. galilaeus, while polymorphism values were ranged from 0% to 100% in the other studied fish species. The highest genetic dissimilarity value was observed between O. aureus and T.zillii. In contrary, the lowest dissimilarity value was observed between O.niloticus and O. aureus. ISSR analysis was an attractive tool for species identification. These markers were recommending when coupled with appropriate statistical analyses in fish species identification and classification.

 [Y.M. Saad, M.A. Rashed, A.H. Atta and N.E. Ahmed. Genetic Diversity among Some Tilapia species Based on ISSR Markers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4841-4846] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 728

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.728

 

Keywords: Tilapia, Genetics, ISSR, Identification and Dissimilarity.

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Evaluation of hematological and biochemical effects of pefloxacin/ diclofenac interaction in goat

 

El-Ghoneimy1 A. A. and Shaheen2 H. M.

 

1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Qena, South Valley University, Egypt.

2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Damanhour University, Egypt.

dr_hazemshaheen3010@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Co-administration of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and antimicrobials may occur frequently because of worldwide in medical as well as veterinary practices. Often it is either diminished therapeutic efficacy or increased toxicity of one or more of the administered drugs. In this study the effect of pefloxacin/ diclofenac interaction was investigated on twenty clinically healthy goats of balady breed with an average body weight (21-27 kg). Goats were injected i.m. with pefloxacin at dose rate of 5 mg/kg b.wt daily for 4 days consequently. Diclofenac sodium was injected i.m. at dose rate of 1 mg/kg b.wt daily for 4 days consequently to different groups of goats. Two blood samples were collected from each animal of all groups at 3rd day, then at 1st, 2nd, 3rd week post injection. The obtained results revealed that co-administration of diclofenac sodium and pefloxacin showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in total erythrothytic count (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb) % and packed cell volume (PCV). no significant change in total leucocytic count. Drugs caused slight impairment of hepatic and renal functions of goats. The effect of both drugs was short-lived and most of the parameters went back to normal after 2 weeks post drug(s) administration.

 [El-Ghoneimy A. A. and Shaheen H. M. Evaluation of hematological and biochemical effects of pefloxacin/ diclofenac interaction in goat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4847-4854] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 729

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.729

 

Keywords: Hematological; Biochemical; Pefloxacin; Diclofenac; goat

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A Study on the Price Transmission in Sharp-headed and White Shrimp Markets in Iran

 

Faramarz Ghalambaz1,Reza Moghaddasi1, Farshid Ghalambaz1, Farhad Ghalambaz2

 

 [1]Department of Agricultural Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

 2 Department of Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khozestan, Iran,

Corresponding Author: f.ghalambaz@ srbiau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Aquatics are considered a suitable food source for providing consumable protein for people, and development of aquaculture in Iran is of special importance. Therefore, considering the importance of Price transmission in various levels of the market, and the relation between price transmission from farm to retail level with efficiency of the marketing system, the method of price transmission from wholesale to retail is examined regarding sharp-headed and white shrimp. For this purpose, wholesale and retail prices of two products during 2002 to 2011 were used in form of monthly data. Granger’s causality test was used to examine the relation of causality between two levels of wholesale and retail prices. Test results indicate a one-way causality relation from the level of wholesale prices to retail prices. In addition, the most important findings of the research support the fact that price fluctuations on the wholesale level are asymmetrically transmissionred to the retail level. In other words, sensitivity of retail prices compared to the increase and decrease of wholesale prices are not equal.

[Faramarz Ghalambaz, Reza Moghaddasi, Farshid Ghalambaz, Farhad Ghalambaz. A Study on the Price Transmission in Sharp-headed and White Shrimp Markets in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4855-4860] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 730

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.730

 

Keywords: Price Transmission, Causality Test, Price Transmission Elasticity, Houck’s Model

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731

Effects of Environmental, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors on Saudi Infertile Couple in Riyadh City

 

Tahani Bin Aoun and Salma Moawed

 

 Maternal & Child Health Nursing, Collage of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA

 

Abstract: Infertility is now recognized as a public health issue in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the prevalence rate of infertility is estimated to be more than 2.2% of the population, affecting about 30,000 couples. Infertility is affected by many different socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors, the latter playing a major role in infertility. The most cost effective of solving the infertility problem is prevention and education. The maternity nurse working in maternity filed or other agencies should be sensitive to the previous issue and share in health education program, through planning and implementation. The objective of the study were to assess of environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic factors through to affect human fertility among couples attending in-vitro fertilization clinics in three hospitals in Riyadh city (King Saud Medical Complex, King Fahad Medical City, and a private hospital). The study population consisted of Saudi couples coming for IVF process, all the patients participated voluntarily and shared in this study after signing a consent agreement.The instrument was adapted by the researchers of the Sher institution for reproductive medicine in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America in June 2006 and modified accordingly to the situation. A pilot Study was conducted to evaluate the tool. The data was collected over a period of nearly 3 months; starting from February 1st till the end of April 2010. It was carried out five days a week. Each couple was interviewed by subjects were assured that all the information gathered will be kept confidential. The age of the women on the study was between 26 and 30 years, the mean years of marriage was 4-7 years and most of them were housewives.51.5% of the female study subjects suffered with dysmenorrhia while 37.7% had pain during sexual intercourse, the two previous complain maybe due to ovulation disorders.9.8% of the women had polycystic ovary syndrome, and it was found that 8.2% and 4.9% suffered from hypothyroidism and prolactinemia respectively. 32.8% of the wives and 34.4% of husbands practiced some sort of exercise such as walking, while 19.7% of both, the wives and husbands used dyes to change their hair color, a factor that may cause infertility. None of the women sample smoked while 75.4% of the male sample was heavy smokers, and half of them (47.86%) smoke more than 3 packs per day. The study also reflected that 93.4% of the infertile husbands preferred to use the hot tube for more than 30 minutes every week, and 86.9% of the husbands work required long standing in hot weather and their official attire was made of material such as light jeans. Therefore the role of the nurse in infertility has evolved into a very specialized filed, the maternity nurse must also be involved in the preconception unit, preparing and delivering health education programs about weight, nutrition, smoking, drug abuse and recreational drug, occupational stress prevention programs and stress management is needed.

 [Tahani Bin Aoun and Salma Moawed. Effects of Environmental, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors on Saudi Infertile Couple in Riyadh City. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4861-4868] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 731

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.731

 

Key Words: Environmental, Cultural, socioeconomic factors, infertile couples

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732

Personal Preference and Perceived Barriers toward Disclosure and Report of Incident Errors among Healthcare Personnel

 

Shereen Ragab Dorgham and Lobna Khamis Mohamed

 

Nursing Services Administration Dept, Nursing Faculty, Tanta University

d_org_ham7@hotmail.com dr.lobnakhamis@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Despite the best intentions of caregivers, medical errors occur frequently. Each year thousands of injuries and deaths in hospitals result from medical errors. Reporting and disclosure about incidents errors is fundamental to error prevention. Aim: The aim of this research was to assess the personal preference and perceived barriers toward disclosure and report of incident errors among healthcare personnel. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this research. Setting: The study was conducted at two hospitals' namely; King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU) in Saudi Arabia and El-Behara Hospitals in Egypt in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and surgical department. Sample: The sample included 155 health care professionals (physicians and registered nurses). Tools: Two tools were used in this study; the first tool used to assess perceived barriers to medical errors and the second tool used to assess personal preference about which incidents to be disclosed and to whom disclose or report errors. Results: The current study demonstrated underreporting of adverse events by both nurses and physicians due to administrative barrier which considered as a major barrier. Majority of total sample preferred to disclose errors with near miss, followed those who don't prefer to disclose any errors then those preferred to disclose errors with minor harm. Furthermore, the majorities of participants did not prefer to disclose errors for patients or their families and did not prefer to report errors for colleges, head nurses or chief executive officer. Conclusion: When errors are not reported, the potential to avoid future preventable errors is greatly reduced. Thus, sustained and collaborative efforts to reduce the occurrence and severity of health care errors are required so that safer, higher quality care results. Recommendations: The results recommended the needs to improve healthcare professionals' education, training, and practice in disclosure, and health care institutes should establish non-punitive policies of error reporting and implement full disclosure policies.

[Shereen Ragab Dorgham and Lobna Khamis Mohamed. Personal Preference and Perceived Barriers toward Disclosure and Report of Incident Errors among Healthcare Personnel. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4869-4880] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 732

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.732

Keywords: Incidents errors, reporting, disclosure and healthcare personnel

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733

Mice (Mus musculus) genome responses to methotrexate (MTX) and some plant extracts

 

Mansour, A.A1,2. M.A. Salam1, and Y. M. Saad3,4

 

1Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shobra El-Kheima, Egypt.

2Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Trubah, KSA

3Dept. of Biol. Science, Fac. of Sciences, King Abdulaziz Univ., KSA.

4Genetic Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt.

yasser_saad19@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Mice genome responses to MTX (anticancer drug) and some plant (Curcuma, Ginger, Green Tee and Pomegranate) extracts were studied. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.75 mg/kg chronic dose of MTX for two weeks. Mortality percentages, bone marrow cell divisions, morphological and biochemical characterization of treated mice groups were estimated. The mortality percentage was 40 % in the positive control while no mortality was observed in both (MTX, Curcumin) and (MTX, Pomegranate) treatments. Some treated mice had ulceration and hair loss on the ears skin. No morphological changes were observed on the negative control group. At cytogenetic level, no bone marrow cell divisions were detected in treated mice. Two Isozyme systems (Esterase and Super oxide dismutase) and Protein electrophoresis were assayed to detect biochemical genetic markers for all mice groups. These analyses reflect mice genome responses under experimental conditions.

[Mansour, A.A. M.A. Salam, and Y. M. Saad. Mice (Mus musculus) genome responses to methotrexate (MTX) and some plant extracts. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4881-4886] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.733

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.733

 

Keywords: Mus musculus, Methotrexate, SDS, Isozyme, Morphology.

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734

Investigation of STATCOM Ability in Voltage Support

 

Mojtaba Shirvani 1, Ahmad Memaripour 2, Mostafa Abdollahi 3, Asadollah Salimi 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Boroujen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujen, Iran

mo_shirvani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents the application of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to control of voltage at a multi-machine power system installed with STATCOM as cast study. STATCOM is installed in one bus to control of voltage in the proposed bus. An optimization technique is used to tune the proposed STATCOM controllers. Several time-domain simulation tests visibly show the validity of proposed methods in voltage control and also damping of power system oscillations.

[Mojtaba Shirvani, Ahmad Memaripour, Mostafa Abdollahi, Asadollah Salimi. Investigation of STATCOM Ability in Voltage Support. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4887-4891] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.734

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.734

 

Keywords: Static Synchronous Compensator, Voltage Support, Multi-machine Power System, Particle Swarm Optimization.

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735

Angiogenesis and current approaches to deal with its misregulation in related diseases

 

Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi 1, Samira Khabbazi 2, Ali Reza Hassanshahi3, omid mohammadi 4

 

Hassanshahi.hossein@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Angiogenesis, which is the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, normally supply nutrition and oxygen to cells and tissues. In medicine point of view, regulation of angiogenesis is disrupted in many diseases such as cancers, psoriasis, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, proliferative retinopathies and rheumatoid arthritis. How to suppress, control and regulate the angiogenesis have been very challenging tasks in order to provide better and more effective treatments for related patients. With this regard, anti-angiogenic therapy has been considered as a potential approach to do so. However, anti-angiogenic agents are not completely safe and present side effects. Therefore, many attentions have been paid to understand more about molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis in order to prevent many life-threating side effects of anti-angiogenic agents. It may lead to discovering more desirable drugs to tackle angiogenesis. This review aims to give an overview about what angiogenesis is as well as present the most important factors involved in angiogenesis. It also attempts to describe current approaches and challenges in controlling angiogenesis.

[Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi, Samira Khabbazi, Ali Reza Hassanshahi, omid mohammadi. Angiogenesis and current approaches to deal with its misregulation in related diseases. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4892-4902] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 735

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.735

 

Keywords: Angiogenesis, pre-existing, anti-angiogenic, blood, misregulation

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736

Calculation of generation system reliability index: Loss of Load Probability

 

Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni 1, Meysam Eghtedari 2, Mostafa Abdollahi 3, Elahe Behzadipour 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Boroujen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujen, Iran

hasanfayaziboroujeni@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Generation system reliability is an important factor in the long term planning for future system capacity expansion to make sure that the total installed capacity is sufficient to support demand. The planning process utilizes reliability indices as criteria to decide on new investments in new generation capacities. Generation system reliability is evaluated by using different indexes. In this paper, loss load of probability (LOLP) is simulated to evaluate the system reliability. Effects of the system parameters such as forced outage rate (FOR) are tested on the LOLP index.

[Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni, Meysam Eghtedari, Mostafa Abdollahi, Elahe Behzadipour. Calculation of generation system reliability index: Loss of Load Probability. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4903-4908] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 736

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.736

 

Keywords: Generation System Reliability, Loss of Load Probability, Capacity Outage Probability Table, Analytically Method.

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737

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination: A study on satisfaction of students, faculty members, and tutors

 

Marzieh Amiri 1, Mansoureh Nickbakht 2

 

1. Lecturer, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur Universitry of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

1. Msc. In Rehabilitation Administration. Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

nikbakht@ajums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Introduction: Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a valid and reliable instrument for effectively assessing medical students' training activities. Students’ and examiners’ satisfaction is an important part of the process. The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ and examiners' opinions about the audiology exam in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science. Methods: Fifty-two people, including students and faculty members in the field of audiology and instructors, participated in the survey. The test was divided into 10 sections, with five-10 minutes allocated for each test section. Participants were asked their opinion about the facilities and equipment used in the test section, the physical environment for the test, the answer sheet in each section, standardized patients, selected patients, time allocated for each section, and the examiners’ method. Results: The majority of students and examiners preferred OSCE to conventional methods. Highest satisfaction in both groups was related to the equipment, and the lowest satisfaction was related to the time allotted to each test section. Conclusion: It is better to use the OSCE method than conventional method to evaluate the end-of-semester training course. The time allocated to each test section should be increased.

[Marzieh Amiri, Mansoureh Nickbakht. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination: A study on satisfaction of students, faculty members, and tutors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4909-4911] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 737

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.737

 

Keywords: Educational Measurement; Clinical Competence; Medical Students

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738

Preparation and Characterization of Conducting Polystyrene Graft Polyaniline

 

Seyyed Hossein Hosseini1* and Seyed Mahdi Musavi2

 

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch, Tehran-Iran

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Ray branch, Tehran-Iran

*Corresponding Author: Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch, Tehran-Iran; Email: shhosseini@iiau.ac.ir, Tel./Fax: +98-21-77312543, (+989121374816).

 

Abstract: The electroactive graft of polystyrene (PS) and polyaniline (PANi) copolymer can be synthesized by chemical and electrochemical polymerization method using a polymer as precursor which contains an aniline moiety in its side chain. Poly(styrene-co-p-chloromethylstyrene), poly(S-co-PCMS), was chemically synthesized with chloromethylated styrene then copolymerized styrene by free radical mechanism. Poly(styrene-co-p-aminoanilinemethylstyrene), poly(S-co-PAAMS), was prepared chemically with poly(S-co-PCMS) and 1,4-phenylenediamine, too. Therefore, PANi grafted to PS, (PS-g-PANi) synthesized by ammonium peroxydisulfate as the oxidant and p-toluenesulfonic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution with adding aniline on oxidated poly(S-co-PCMS). The formation of graft copolymer was confirmed by FT-IR, UV-visible, 1H and 13C-FT-NMR spectroscopy. Therefore, molecular weight and amount of PANi grafted on PS have been measured by gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis, respectively. The thermal analysis of graft copolymer was carried out using thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). The solution of poly(S-co-PAAMS) in DMSO was spin-coated on GC electrode and electrochemically polymerized in electrolytic mixture solution consisting of 0.05 M aniline, 0.1 M H2SO4 and 1 M HCl. Electrolysis constant potential showed that aniline groups in the precursor were oxidized to form PANi, that is, they acted as grafting centers at which the PANi grew. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results and conductivity measurements supported the formation of the graft copolymer. The morphological feature of PS-g-PANi copolymer film has been shown homogeneous structure, the PS/PANi composite film shows irregular structure. Electrical conductivity of copolymer has been studied by four probe method and produced 3.3×10-2 S/cm.

 [Seyyed Hossein Hosseini and Seyed Mahdi Musavi. Preparation and Characterization of Conducting Polystyrene Graft Polyaniline. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4912-4925] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 738

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.738

Key word: graft copolymers, polyaniline, polystyrene

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739

The Relationship between Organizational Trust and Organizational Learning among Faculty Members

 

Maryam Rahmanimanesh1, Badri Shahtalebi2 and Mohsen Zamani Cheryani3

 

1Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

2Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

3Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

 

Abstract: The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between the organizational trust and the organizational learning among faculty members at Azad University of Khorasgan (Esfahan) in 2011-2012 in a descriptive-correlational way. The statistical population of the current study was all 310 faculty members at Azad University of Khorasgan (Esfahan) from whom 172 were selected through Kokran (1994) sampling formula and clustered random sampling suitable for the sample size to take part in the study. The research instrument were Mayer and Davis (1999) and Macknight et.al (2002) standard questionnaire of organizational trust which was confirmed by Ellonen et.al (2008) as well as Gomez et.al (2005) standard questionnaire of organizational learning. The questionnairs’ face validity and reliability was proved. Their reliability, too, was calculated 0.91 for organizational learning questionnaire and 0.98 for organizational trust through Cronbach alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the research data, the descriptive statistics including the average, percentage, standard deviation and frequency and also the inferential statistics involving correlation coefficient and step-by-step regression were applied. The results of analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between all aspects of organizational trust including lateral trust, vertical trust, institutional trust, and organizational learning (P<0/05). According to determination coefficient 47.7%, 63.2%, and 61.5 % of the variance has been common between lateral trust, vertical trust and institutional trust with organizational learning. Moreover, there has been a significant relationship among the aspects of organizational trust with the aspects of organizational learning; i.e. managerial commitment, systematic view, openness and experimentation, knowledge transfer and integration. The results of step-by-step regression showed that the best predictor of organizational learning at first step was vertical trust, at second step, lateral trust and at third step institutional trust.

 [Maryam Rahmanimanesh, Badri Shahtalebi and Mohsen Zamani Cheryani. The Relationship between Organizational Trust and Organizational Learning among Faculty Members. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4926-4935] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 739

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.739

Keywords: organizational trust, lateral trust, vertical trust, institutional trust, organizational learning, faculty members

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740

The relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of principals of schools in Najaf Abad in 1390-91

 

Sadighe Homayoni Najaf Abadi1 and Badri Shahtalebi2

 

1Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

2Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

 

Abstract: This study analyzes the relationship among emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of principals of elementary, middle and high school in Najaf Abad in 1390-91. The research method used in this study was correlation and research populations were all principals of three school period of Najaf Abad comprising 205 people. By using Cohen table and a stratified random sampling proportional to sample size, 136 people were selected to participate in the study. Research tools for data collection were two standard questionnaires: Schutte emotional intelligence questionnaire (1997) consists of 33 questions and Allen and Meyer organizational commitment questionnaire (1984) consists of 24 questions. Their formal validity was confirmed by some experts. In order to measure the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. The coefficient for emotional intelligence questionnaire was 0.78 and for organizational commitment questionnaire was 0.80 In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression were used. Data analysis showed that among all the dimensions of emotional intelligence involves assessing and feelings expression (p>0.05 r25%=), emotion regulation (r=31% and p >0.05), utilization of emotion (r=17% and p>0.05) and organizational commitment, there is a significant relationship

 [Sadighe Homayoni Najaf Abadi and Badri Shahtalebi. The relationship Between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of principals of schools in Najaf Abad in 1390-91. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4936-4943] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 740

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.740

Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Organizational commitment, Education, Principals

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741

Challenges of last governor (Vali) of Poshtkouh (Eilam) in Confronting Reza Khan

 

Dr. Golnaz Saeidi

 

Faculty member of department history in payam noor university Iran

 

Abstract: Turmoil, social restlessness, lack of internal and local safety in post-constitution movement, the weakness of the Qajar, the unstable situation inside the country, the conspiracies of England, general need of the society to safety and stability, personal ambitions and several other factors led to the rise of Reza Khan in the political arena of Iran, there were scattered power centers and each one of them ruled independent from central government in its governing zones. Gholamreza Khan as the last governor of Poshtkouh was one of those local power centers. The goal of present paper is to describe the policies and strategies of Poshtkouh governor in confronting Reza Khan. Did Poshtkouh governor able to earn the trust of Reza Khan to remain in his title of being the governor of Poshtkouh? Gholamreza Khan, like his ancestors, had founded its ruling based on distrust. As he heard the news of proceeds of Reza Khan’s troops to Poshtkouh, he retreated to his properties in Iraq and let his ancestral territory to fall in the hands of the central government. When the last governor of Poshtkouh failed in earning Reza Khan’s trust, he changed his position and encouraged and motivated the tribes and leaders of clans to rebel against Reza Khan and ultimately, in 1929 a rebel emerges against Reza Khan in Poshtkouh.

[Golnaz Saeidi. Challenges of last governor (Vali) of Poshtkouh (Eilam) in Confronting Reza Khan. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4944-4948] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 741

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.741

 

Keywords: Reza khan, Gholamreza Khan, the governor of Poshtkouh, Eilam

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742

Study the written versions on Garshasp in literary, religious and historical texts of Ancient Iran and Islamic Era

 

Dr. Golnaz Saeidi

 

Faculty member of department history in payam noor university Iran

 

Abstract: Myths and religions are among the most unknown and valuable areas in the human cultural scope and the mythical elements are linked with the disciplines of that area like thick branches. One of those characters is a hero called Garshasp that according to the religious texts does many difficult tasks to save the earth and men from the Divas and dragons; however in literary tests such as Shahnameh, there is no manifestation of him and his tasks. Garshasp is one of the mythical heroes of ancient Iran of Pishdadian hero. This hero of ancient Iranian religious texts has many heroic acts in his records; although, due to his disrespect to fire, Urmazd prevents his ascendance to the heavenly paradise and even Zoroaster’s meddling is not able to include him in the list of paradise goers and Izad (Zoroastrian God) does not allow him to enter into paradise. Nonetheless, in the national versions, his place and description of heroic acts are all given to Rostam and Shahnameh becomes a book of describing the heroic acts of Rostam. However, Assadi Toosi creates a masterpiece called Garshasp Nameh to return the heroic acts to Garshasp. Garshasp, this ancient hero belongs to Indo-Iranian era. The myths about this pre-Zoroastrian hero entered into religious narrations and tales and take the Zoroastrian themes. The different versions of those tales make it difficult to distinguish the time and character of Garshasp in the mythology field. It is true that this hero has no relationship with the Kiani Family; however, his presence became the origin of dynasties in many stories and tales that in national versions have close ties with Kianian history. Garshasp is immortal. This myth belongs to ancient time because in one of the oldest parts of Avesta, the maintenance and saving Garshasp’s body has been noted. This strong hero who has been named underline many religious tales and Yasht(s) for fulfilling many adventurous and heroic acts does not receive much attention in our national stories and mythology, as seen in Persian and Arabic histories. As both the Avesta religion and Iranian mythos were developed and formed in east Iran of ancient time, is it possible to say that the mythological beliefs have been put in the sacred levels of the Avesta knowledge? Our goal in this research is, first, to describe Garshasp in the religious texts of ancient Iran, followed by Pahlavid texts, the Islamic era resources and the poetry pieces and in conclusion, those subjects have been compared and duly analyzed. This research has used literature review, taking notes and comparing the subjects in notes and selecting the best materials, describing and analyzing them as well as using descriptive method. The data has been collected via literature reviews, checking libraries and reviewing the religious and non-religious ancient texts, comparing and studying the notes and selecting the topics that are completely related to the subject by using both ancient and new sources. In addition, the new studies have been used in the research as well. In order to have better results, the author studied the texts of other nations to introduce similar materials as found in other texts too.

[Golnaz Saeidi. Study the written versions on Garshasp in literary, religious and historical texts of Ancient Iran and Islamic Era. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4948-4961] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 742

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.742

 

Keywords: Garshasp, myth, Avesta, Dinkerd, Garshaspnameh

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743

The Relation between Managers Skills and Multiple Intelligences in Tehran High Schools

 

1) Zeinab Sadeghi (corresponding author)

PhD Student in Educational Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran, zeinab_sadeghi1291@yahoo.com

 

2) Dr. Bijan Abdollahi (phD)

assistant professor & facualty of educational management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: This paper aims at investigating the relation between managers' multiple intelligences and their skills and explaining the relation between Gardner multiple intelligences (verbal, visual, mathematical, musical, bodily, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences) and the managers' technical, human and conceptual skills. The present paper is a descriptive correlational research. The statistical universe comprises all managers and teachers of public high schools in Tehran. Among 19 districts of Tehran, districts 2, 11 and 16 were selected randomly and among these districts, 60 managers (32 female and 28 male) and 300 teachers (160 female and 140 male) were selected via stratified – relative random sampling as per Morgan table. Data pertaining to multiple intelligences and managers skills were respectively collected through Gardner multiple intelligence questionnaire and interview- administrated questionnaire. The coefficients of Cronbach's alpha for multiple intelligences questionnaire and skills questionnaire are 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The results of research analyzed via Pearson correlation test and T-test reveal that there is a significant relation between all multiple intelligences dimensions, except for verbal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence, and the managers' technical skills. There is a significant relation between all multiple intelligences dimensions, except for bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and the managers' human skills. There is a significant relation among all multiple intelligences dimensions, except for bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and spatial-visual intelligence, and the managers' conceptual skills. Also there is no significant relation among the managers' gender and their human and conceptual skills, and there is only a significant relation between technical skills and gender, that is, technical skills of female managers are higher than male managers. No significant relation was seen between managers multiple intelligences dimensions and gender.

[Zeinab Sadeghi, Bijan Abdollahi. The Relation between Managers Skills and Multiple Intelligences in Tehran High Schools. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4962-4967] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 743

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.743

 

Keywords: multiple intelligences, Gardner, managers' skills

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744

Analyzing Effects Reduce of fertilizer subsidy on beet producers’ Welfare Fars Province

 

Seyed Nematollah Mousavi, Maryam Mazloumi

 

Department of Agricultural Economics, Marvdasht Branch,Islamic Azad University,Marvdasht,Iran

mousavi_sn@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this study the effects of fertilizer subsidy removal on the welfare of producers of beet in Fars Province are. The research data and information required by statistical yearbook and databases and also completed questionnaires from 65 beet farmer in Marvdasht obtained by Eviews software Excel and were analyzed. The results of this study show that removal of fertilizer subsidies should be gradual because it removed at once as fertilizer subsidies lead to sudden increase production costs and small farmers and novices who do not usually have the financial resources, are strongly affected may lead to even remove them is in production.

[Seyed Nematollah Mousavi, Maryam Mazloumi. Analyzing Effects Reduce of fertilizer subsidy on beet producers’ Welfare Fars Province. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4968-4973] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 744

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.744

 

Keywords: subsidies, fertilizer, beet, Fars

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Wise return in John Keats’ poetry and Le Clézio’s writings (comparison of the elements between a romantic poet by John Keats and the Contemporary Novel Mondo by Le Clézio)

 

Behzad Bahrami Nasab 1, HENRIK EDOYAN 2

 

1. Yerevan State University, Faculty of Linguistics, Department of French literature, Yerevan

2. Professor in the Faculty of Linguistics, Department of French literature, University of Yerevan

 

Abstract: This paper seeks to compare the elements in a romantic poem by John Keats and a Contemporary Novel (Mondo by Le Clézio) and finding the answer of a question raised by the contemporary thinker Ihab Hassan. Correspondence and coordination between these two literary works (while they are different) is very impressive. It looks more impressive when at first glance these correspondences are hidden between the Mondo that even after comparing it cannot be considered a literary plagiarism. By the divergence and withdrawal of modernity in the last century, over time, some schools came out of the modernity heart and the most important of which is called post- modernity. This paper by correspondence between these two works of art from two different centuries tries to shed a light on the subject prove that it can be possible that some postmodern artists can be return to the past and wisely accomplish the untold in the previous school of literature and art. In this paper, this move is called (wise return).

[Behzad Bahrami Nasab, HENRIK EDOYAN. Wise return in John Keats’ poetry and Le Clézio’s writings (comparison of the elements between a romantic poet by John Keats and the Contemporary Novel Mondo by Le Clézio). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4974-4980] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 745

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.745

 

Keywords: Mondo novel by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, ode to the Greek vase, John Keats, contemporary novel, romantic poem, modernity, post-modernity, existentialism (reality of existence), short stories

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A quantitative study of the effect of proton beam intensity on helium, nitrogen and krypton gas target systems

 

H. Hassani Bidaroni1, D. Sardari2, M. Mirzaee3, F. Moattar4

 

1Department of Energy and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, 14778, Iran, Email: homayun_hb67@yahoo.co.in

2Department of Nuclear Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, 14515-775, Iran, Email: dariush.sardari@gmail.com

3Nuclear Medicine Research Group, Agricultural - Medical and Industrial Research School (AMIRS), Karaj, Iran

Email: mohammad.mirzaii.nm@gmail.com

4Department of Energy and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, 14778, Iran, Email: f.moattar@gmail.com

 

Abstract: We have studied the effect of beam intensity on physical properties of gas target. The high-energy proton beam (12 µA) which was produced in cyclotron of nuclear medicine research group at the Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School (AMIRS) entered a conical stainless steel target chamber through a titanium double window. CFD has been used for numerical study of thermal field inside the gas target for three different cases of helium, nitrogen and krypton. The results of both numerical and experimental investigations reveal that target pressure and temperature increase with increasing the beam intensity. Target pressure increasing rate, raises with increasing of gas molecular weight (Kr>N2>He).

[H. Hassani Bidaroni, D. Sardari, M. Mirzaee, F. Moattar. A quantitative study of the effect of proton beam intensity on helium, nitrogen and krypton gas target systems. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4981-4985] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 746

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.746

 

Keywords: Gambit code; Radioisotope production; gas expansion; proton beam

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Experimental investigation of the interaction between a vertical flexible seawall and random sea waves

 

RaminVafaei1, Alireza Naseri2, Omid Giyasi Tabrizi3*

 

1- Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Lecturer of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3- BS student of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author’s Email: ghiasi_omid1367@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Seawalls are sheltering structures used for protecting the coastal regions against wave induced forces. Because of random nature of the wave behavior, application of physical models for the study of wave-structure interaction can be quite efficient. In the present research, physical models of thin flexible walls were constructed and tested in a wave flume subject to generated random waves. The water surface variations and the strains at the base of the wall were recorded using sensors; and the relationship between the strain and the wave height was obtained using the zero up-crossing method. The results indicate that the strain-wave height relationship is linear. Since the behavior of the wall is within the elastic region, the relationship between the strain and the flexural moment at the base of the wall follows the Hook’s Law; and accordingly the relationship between the wave height and flexural moment at the base of the wall was obtained.

[RaminVafaei, Alireza Naseri, Omid Giyasi Tabrizi. Experimental investigation of the interaction between a vertical flexible seawall and random sea waves. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4986-4993] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 747

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.747

 

Key Word: Seawall, Random waves, Strain, Wave height, Flexural moment.

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[Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4994-4998] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 748

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Spatial Analysis and Geographical Configuration of Second Homes: A Case study of Rural Districts of Ramsar County

 

Khadijeh galyan moghaddam 1, Teimour Amar (Ph.D) 2

 

1. PhD student, Rasht branch; Islamic Azad University; Rasht; Iran

2. Associate prof.dept of geography, Islamic Azad University- Rasht Branch

E.mail: Amar@ Iaurasht.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Today, different factors underlie the development of second homes, as a major geographical phenomenon and a new model of movement. These factors include the ever-increasing population and urbanization, technological developments, change in attitudes and lifestyle, rural-urban migrations, people’s attachment to their birthplace and reverse migrations, the rise of villagers’ capitals, economic reconstruction, rural destitution, and development of transportation and communication. This study has been initially concerned with exploring the number of second homes across the world. The configuration and spatial model of second homes have then been studied. The study area covers rural regions of Ramsar County in Mazandaran province (4 rural districts including 256 villages and settlements). Geographically speaking, this area encompasses four major regions: coastal, plain, foothill, and highland. The findings suggest that there are 7674 second homes (56.30% of total residential units) spread over the area’s rural regions. Distance from the city and rural road decide second home configuration and residential density. Also, there can be observed two types of houses: modern and traditional. There is a temporary population of almost 30660 in Ramsar County, constituting 43.8% of the total population of 70000. Field studies and library research shape the present study. Yet, the study is based on field studies. GIS, Excel and Spss software have been employed to extract maps and tables.

[Khadijeh galyan moghaddam, Teimour Amar. Spatial Analysis and Geographical Configuration of Second Homes: A Case study of Rural Districts of Ramsar County. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4999-5008] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 749

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.749

 

Keywords: spatial analysis, Ramsar, Iran, second home, geographical configuration

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750

Comparison of personality of HIV positive people with normal people: A psychological study

 

Maryam Rauof1*, Bahram Azarifar2, Arezo Azarm1, Roghaieh Keykha1, Maryam Pourabbas1

 

1- M.Sc. Student of Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran

2- M.Sc. of Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran

 

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. A glimpse at the increasing incidences of HIV positive cases the world over, makes it necessary for behavioral scientists to probe into the psyche of individuals, to see what prompts them to become prey to HIV. The present study was an effort to identify some personality correlates of HIV positive individuals. In this study, we used of 100 people. 50 of them were suffered from HIV and 50 of them were healthy. So we aimed to compare their some properties related to their personality such as extraversion, neuroticism, anger and self-esteem. At the end, data were analysed by SPSS software. The main findings of the research indicated that on the traits of Extraversion and Neuroticism, HIV positive individuals scored higher than HIV free subjects. Also, the HIV positive subjects showed low Self Esteem and high anger.

[Maryam Rauof, Bahram Azarifar, Arezo Azarm, Roghaieh Keykha, Maryam Pourabbas. Comparison of personality of HIV positive people with normal people: A psychological study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5009-5012] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 750

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.750

 

Keywords: HIV, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Anger and Self-Esteem.

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Smart Environment Effect on Running Logarithmic-Based Model of Emergency Demand Response Programs in Electricity Markets

 

Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour

 

 Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

mehdinikzad28@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The deregulation of power system has introduced new challenges in the field of power system utilization. The main goal of deregulation can be summarized as defining a competitive market for maximizing the overall social welfare while maintaining power system reliability. The consumers have a vital role in new electricity market because their offer in pool markets has a great effect on power system operation. Therefore, it is necessary to modeling demand-side responses in electricity market. A new model for demand-side should be capable of considering the objectives and interests of each stakeholder and also should be based on technical and economical analysis. Demand response programs (DRPs) are new tools to analysis effect of demand-side in electricity markets. The results of such programs are improvement of some technical and economical characteristic of power system. DRPs are divided into two categories which are priced-based and incentive-based demand response programs. The goal of this paper is logarithmic modeling of emergency demand response programs (EDRP) as incentive-based DRPs. In Regard to this purpose, nonlinear behavioral characteristic of elastic loads is considered which causes to more realistic modeling of demand response to EDRP rates. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique, a real world power system is considered as test system. Where, Iranian power system is investigated. Simulation results emphasis on the effectiveness impact of running EDRP programs using proposed logarithmic model on load profile of the peak day of the proposed power system.

[Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour. Smart Environment Effect on Running Logarithmic-Based Model of Emergency Demand Response Programs in Electricity Markets. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5013-5018] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 751

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.751

 

Keywords: Demand Response Programs, Elasticity, Emergency Demand Response Programs

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Detection of LTR Retrotransposons Reactivation induced by in vitro Environmental Stresses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) via RT-qPCR

 

A.M. Alzohairy1,*, M.A. Yousef1, S. Edris2,3, B. Kerti4, G. Gyulai4, J.S.M. Sabir2, N.A. Radwan2, M.N. Baeshen2, N.A. Baeshen2, and A. Bahieldin2,3,*

 

1Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt

2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, bahieldin55@gmail.com

3Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

4Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Stephanus University, Gödöllö, H-2103, Hungary

 

Abstract: The effects of four environmental stresses of heat, drought, wounding and cell culture, on the transcriptional reactivation of seven long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) genome, were investigated. These LTRs included two Copia-type (Bare and Maximus); and five Gypsy-type (Erika, Jeli, Sabrina, Sukkula1 and Sukkula3) LTRs. RT-qPCR analyses revealed that Erika1 LTR was highly reactivated under heat, drought, and wounding with 28.1, 9.9 and 9.4 fold increments, respectively. Sabrina LTR was 6.2 fold reactivated under cell culture. Bare1 LTR was reactivated by drought (4.1 fold) and cell culture (3.4 fold). Transcription activity of Jeli LTR was increased by 3.4 fold under cell culture. Sukkula1, Sukkula3 and Maximus LTRs were slightly reactivated under drought, wounding and cell culture. These changes in the reactivation pattern of LTRs provide fingerprints for tracking the molecular changes occurred in barley genome upon exposure to environmental stresses, which might result in gain or loss of yield. Such sensitive LTR expression profiles underline one of the important role of LTR genetics in agriculture.

 [A.M. Alzohairy, M.A. Yousef, S. Edris, B. Kerti, G. Gyulai J.S.M. Sabir, N.A. Radwan, M.N. Baeshen, N.A. Baeshen, and A. Bahieldin. Detection of LTR Retrotransposons Reactivation induced by in vitro Environmental Stresses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) via RT-qPCR. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5019-5026] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 752

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.752

Keywords: LTR retrotransposons; RT-qPCR, environmental stresses; barley (Hordeum vulgare), TREP

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Detection of Stably Expressed Genes Contributing To PCD Triggered by Exogenous Oxalic Acid Treatment in Tobacco

 

A. Bahieldin1,2,*, A.M. Ramadan1,3, A. Atef1, N.O. Gadalla1,4, S. Edris1,2, A.M. Shokry1,3, S.M. Hassan1,2, H.F. Eissa3,5, K.B.H. Kamal1, S. Rabah1, O.A. Abuzinadah1, M.A. Al-Kordy1,4 and F.M. El-Domyati1,2

 

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, bahieldin55@gmail.com

2Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

3Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

4Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

5Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October city, Egypt

 

Abstract: The present study aims at detecting genes expressed at stable levels and contributing to PCD triggered by exogenous oxalic acid (OA) treatment (20 mM, pH 7.0) in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Qualitative and quantitative time-course analysis of cell death indicated some PCD-like features 24 hrs after OA treatment. Expression of a number of 17 genes contributing to PCD was also examined. Results of cell death in virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) corresponding to 14, out of the 17, genes indicated either increased or reduced amount of cell death. However, RT-PCR for the relative abundance of transcripts of these genes in tobacco wild type (WT) indicated that expression of six genes is not regulated at the transcriptional level. These genes are MAPKα, NRC1, WIPK, RAR1, SIPK and FLS2. The results of VIGS corresponding to five, out of the six, genes indicated a reduced relative amount of cell death under OA treatment for 24 hrs as compared to the WT. Only one VIGS corresponding to FLS2 gene resulted in an increased amount of cell death under OA treatment for 24 hrs. This indicates that OA triggers PCD, but has no influence on triggering these six PCD-related genes. Besides, these six genes might be regulated at step(s) downstream transcription. Our results will scope the light on the possible use of these genes in conferring resistance to environmental stimuli by retarding the machinery of PCD in plant.

 [A. Bahieldin, A.M. Ramadan, A. Atef, N.O. Gadalla, S. Edris, A.M. Shokry, S.M. Hassan, H.F. Eissa, K.B.H. Kamal, S. Rabah, O.A. Abuzinadah, M.A. Al-Kordy and F.M. El-Domyati. Detection of Stably Expressed Genes Contributing To PCD Triggered by Exogenous Oxalic Acid Treatment in Tobacco. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5027-5034] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 753

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.753

Keywords: VIGS, Abiotic stress, Apoptotic genes, RT-PCR, Gene knock down.

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The Role of The Third World in International Law

 

Javad Babajani Roodi

 

Ma Student of International Law, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research

of Kermanshah, Iran. jbabajanyroody@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The threat of recolonisation is haunting the third world.1 The process of globalizationhas had deleterious effect on the welfare of third world peoples. Three billionaires in the North today hold assets more than the combined GNP of all the least developed countries and its 600 million people2 International law is playing a crucial role in helping legitimize and sustain the unequal structures and processes that manifest themselves in the growing north-south divide. Indeed, international law is the principal language in which domination is coming to be expressed in the era of globalization.3 It is displacing national legal systems in their importance and having an unprecedented impact on the lives of ordinary people. Armed with the powers of international financial and trade institutions to enforce a neo-liberal agenda, international law today threatens to reduce the meaning of democracy to electing representatives who, irrespective of their ideological affiliations, are compelled to pursue the same social and economic policies. Even international human rights discourse is being manipulated to further and legitimize neo-liberal goals. In brief, the economic and political independence of the third world is being undermined by policies and laws dictated by the first world and the international institutions it controls. Unfortunately, TWAIL (third world approaches to international law) has neither been able to effectively critique neo-liberal international law or project an alternative vision of international law. The ideological domination of Northern academic institutions, the handful of critical third world international law scholars, the problems of doing research in the poor world, and the fragmentation of international legal studies has, among other things, prevented it from either advancing a holistic critique of the regressive role of globalising international law or sketching maps of alternative futures. It is therefore imperative that TWAIL urgently finds ways and means to globalize the sources of critical knowledge and address the material and ethical concerns of third world peoples.4 This paper seeks to take a small step in that direction. It presents a critique of globalising international law and proposes a set of strategies directed towards creating a world order based on social justice. The aim is to initiate a debate on the subject rather than to make a definitive statement. The paper is divided into five further sections. Section II considers whether it is still meaningful to talk about a “third world”. Section III discusses the different ways in which the relationship between State and international law is being reconstituted in the era of globalization to the distinct disadvantage of third world States and peoples. Section IV examines the ideology of globalising international law. Section V looks at the theory and process of resistance to unjust and oppressive international laws. Section VI identifies certain elements of a future TWAIL agenda. Section VII contains brief final remarks.

[Javad Babajani Roodi. The Role of The Third World in International Law. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5035-5049] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 754

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.754

 

Keywords: Role; Third World; International Law

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Synthesis and characterization of polythiophene with liquid crystalline azobenzene as side chains

 

Seyed Hossein Hosseini1*, Masoomeh Shirazi Madani2 and Seyed Mahdi Musavi3

 

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch, Tehran-Iran

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Saveh branch, Saveh-Iran

3Departmant of chemistry, faculty of science, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Ray Branch, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch, Tehran-Iran; Email: shhosseini@iiau.ac.ir, Tel./Fax: +98-21-77312543, (+989121374816).

 

Abstract: In this study a series of azobenzene-functionalized liquid crystalline (LC) polythiophene derivatives:

poly{2-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[4́-(nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl]amino]ethyl-3-thiophene acetate}, Poly(Th3AA-RedI), poly{2-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[4́-(nitrophenyl)azo]-phenyl]amino]ethyl-3-thiophene acetate-co-thiophene}, Poly(Th3AA-RedI-co-Th), poly{2-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[4́-(nitrophenyl)azo]-phenyl]amino]ethyl-3- thiophene acetate-co-pyrrole}, Poly(Th3AA-RedI-co-py) were synthesized. Novel 3-substituted thiophene with liquid crystalline side chain (Th3AA-RedI) was synthesized by the direct reaction of thiophene -3-acetic acid with 2-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[4́-(nitrophenyl)azo]-phenyl]amino]ethanol (RedI). Chemical polymerization of (Th3AA-RedI), and its copolymerization with thiophene and pyrrole were carried out, by using ferric perchlorate as oxidation agent. The composition, structure and thermal property of these LC polythiophene derivatives were fully characterized by FTIR, 1H,13C-NMR and UV-Visible spectroscopic methods, and its LC behavior and photoresponsive property were also investigated by polarized optical microscope and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show that Poly(Th3AA-RedI) exhibited the smecticC (SC) and nematic (N) liquid crystalline behavior. Conclusion shifted phase transition temperatures of the poly(Th3AA-RedI) in the heating process are as follows: C→ Sc (108oC), Sc→N (200oC) and N→I (261oC). Electrical conductivity of polymer [poly(Th3AA-RedI)] and of two its copolymers [poly(Th3AA-RedI-co-Th) and poly(Th3AA-RedI-co-Py)], has been studied by four probe methods and produced 3.6×10-6, 4.9×10-3, and 7.5×10-3 Scm-1 conductivities, respectively.

 [Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Masoomeh Shirazi Madani, and Seyed Mahdi Musavi. Synthesis and characterization of polythiophene with liquid crystalline azobenzene as side chains. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5050-5064]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 755

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.755

Key word: Liquid crystalline polymers, Polythiophene, Conducting polymers, optical materials, Electrical conductivity

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Investigation of the Effects of Extension Factors on Improving Water Resources Management in Tehran Province

 

Shaghayegh Khalili1, Ali Badragheh2 and Mahdi Jurablu3

 

1MSc student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

2Assistant Professor in Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

3Assistant Professor in Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

*Corresponding author: Shaghayegh_khalili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of extension factors on improving the management of agricultural water resources in Tehran Province agricultural sector. This is an applied research in terms of its objective, a field research in terms of the degree of control it exerts on variables, and a descriptive (non-experimental) research in terms of its method of gathering information. Therefore, it could be termed a “descriptive-correlational” research. The statistical population for this research was Tehran Province water farmers (45652 persons), and the statistical sample size was calculated as 243 from the Cochran Formula. Due to the uneven distribution of farmers in the 14 counties of Tehran Province, in the first step only 5 counties were selected: Shemiranat on the north, Varamin on the south, Firouzkouh on the east, Shahriar on the west, and Tehran in the center of the province. Then, in the second step, in proportion to each county’s farmer population percentage in the whole statistical population, the selected sample sizes for each county were determined as fractions of the total sample size (243 persons). The randomly selected farmers in each county were consequently interviewed and the required information was obtained from them through questionnaires. The stability of the scale used for the present research was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha value of greater than 0.70, and the validity of the questionnaires was ascertained through seeking the opinion of academic advisors. Ultimately, the obtained data was analyzed by using the SPSS software. The obtained correlation results point to the fact that there exists a significant relationship between the “water resources management improvement” variable and the following variables: the number of times farmers participate in training-extension courses, the quality of the organized educational- extension courses, the number of times farmers seek advice at the local agricultural extension service, the performance of the local agricultural extension service in the areas where farmers work, the farmers’ education level, the farmers’ workforce, the farmers’ annual income, the degree of participation exhibited by each farmer in cooperating with other farmers for better management of water resources, the total land area owned by each farmer, and the number of plots of land allocated to each farmer. According to the results obtained from the Regression Method, the following seven variables which together explicated 77.5 percent of variations of the dependent variable, were identified as the effective extension factors in improving water resources management.

 [Shaghayegh Khalili, Ali Badragheh and Mahdi Jurablu. Investigation of the Effects of Extension Factors on Improving Water Resources Management in Tehran Province. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5065-5074]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 756

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.756

Key Words: water resources management improvement, educational- extension activities, optimum water consumption, Tehran Province

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The effect of virtual banner advertising on the Internet training products shopping (Islamic Azad University of Zanajan)

 

1Mehrdad Alipour, *2Seyed Mahdi Moniri, 3Afsane Taheri, 3Seyed Vahid Ataei

 

1 Management Department, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2 Young Researcher Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

3 Management Department, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Corresponding other: Seyed Mahdi Moniri, E-mail: Moniri_Mehdi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Business which is the foundation of economic life undoubtedly needs the audience and consumer. In recent years which are known as communication era, a new form of the life for the people has been shaped. Internet means the worldwide network of multiple computers which are connected together. Assigned to the nineties with the applications of private sector has become commercial, and then entering through the network has deep impact on how business gets done. There are many audiences in cyberspace, but these audiences' opportunities are very small. It is difficult to make them for a few moments to understand what we do. Internet is one of the most used media that is faster than traditional media and Internet advertising banners have the most effective role in increasing advertising video capabilities. This paper examines the factors that affect the virtual banners that will increase the uptake of paid audiences. These include the outward form of advertising banners, a fascinating mess, graphics and animation and other visual effects, reduce costs and access the banner, allowing precise targeting of customers. The statistical society of this research is Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, which are selected using stratified random sampling and field of data collection method is through a questionnaire. Variables validity was calculated through reliability of the content validity by using Cronbach's alpha. The findings show direct positive relationship between the factors that impact on the advertising banners and purchase training products is increasing.

[Mehrdad Alipour, Seyed Mahdi Moniri, Afsane Taheri, Seyed Vahid Ataei. The effect of virtual banner advertising on the Internet training products shopping(Islamic Azad University of Zanajan). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5075-5081]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 757

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.757

Key words: Internet, advertising, virtual banners, Internet advertising, Internet shopping

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Choosing the Best Anti-Virus in the World by Application of TOPSIS Method

 

Hesam Naie 1, Kaveh Teymournejad 2

 

1. Department of Executive Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin Branch, Qazvin, Iran. E-mail: Hesam.naie@yahoo.com

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Info@dr-teymournejad.com

 

Abstract: Decision making problem is the process of finding the best option from all of the feasible alternatives. Due to the fact that, the collected data for choosing an anti-virus isn’t concrete and substantial the way users demand including the risk attitude for a decision maker which is somehow unknown, and considering the increase in the complexity and the variety of decision making problems, the methods of decision making become more varied and will have more capability of problem solving. We present a new TOPSIS method for normalizing the collected data and ranking the alternatives, a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) technique for ranking and selection of a number of externally determined alternatives through distance measures. A Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method is a multiple criteria method to identify solution from finite set of points and by eliminating the units of criterion functions and determining a solution with the shortest distance to the ideal solution and the greatest distance from the negative-ideal one. For this research some of these criteria considered are "Detection and Missed Samples", "False Positive/Alarm", "Scanning Speed", "Encoding and transcoding" and so on.

[Hesam Naie, Kaveh Teymournejad. Choosing the Best Anti-Virus in the World by Application of TOPSIS Method. Life Sci J 2012.9(4):5082-5090] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 758

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.758

 

Keywords: MCDM, TOPSIS Method, Antivirus, Criteria of Anti-Viruses

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Evaluation the rule of NSAIDs in the creation and worsening of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding

 

Eilyad Issabeagloo1, Mahmoud tabatabaei2, Mohammad Taghizadieh3

 

1- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Department of physiology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Department of pathology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Dr.e.issabeagloo@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a life threatening problem worldwide. It is mentioned that using various drugs such as non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antiplatelets and anticoagulants has higher bleeding risk in these patients. The aim of current study is to evaluate the role of NSAIDs, antiplatelets and anticoagulants in severity of UGIB. Eighty patients (52.5% male and 47.5% female with mean age of 52.90±20.35 years) with the history of NSAIDs use admitted with the diagnosis of UGIB in 2010 in gastroenterology Ward, Imam Reza hospital were studied. Patients' demographic findings, history of antiplatelets and anticoagulants use, endoscopic findings and patients' outcome were recorded. The most common referral cause was hematemesis (62.5%) and blood in gastric wash was observed in 22.5%. among patients, 67.5% used only one and 32.5% used multiple NSAIDs. Antiplatelets and anticoagulants were used along with NSAIDs in 35% and 30%, respectively. Ulcer was the commonest finding in endoscopy (77.5%). In 47.5% of cases, transfusion was needed and 17.5% had surgery. Hematemesis (p=0.003), hematochezia (p=0.03) and surgery (p=0.001) in patients with multiple NSAIDs use and blood and coffee-ground (p=0.001), unstable hemodynamic (p=0.02) and need for transfusion in patients with one NSAIDs use was significantly higher. Unstable hemodynamic was the only significantly difference between patients with use of only NSAIDs and NSAIDs and antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants (p=0.01). Patients with NSAIDs use would have severe symptoms if UGIB happens, especially in case of multiple NSAIDs use, there is the probability of uncontrollable bleeding and need for more aggressive treatments. Antiplatelets and anticoagulants use with NSAIDs increase the risk of severe clinical symptoms in UGIB.

 [Eilyad Issabeagloo, Mahmoud tabatabaei, Mohammad Taghizadieh. Evaluation the rule of NSAIDs in the creation and worsening of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5091-5097] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 759

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.759

 

Keywords: Bleeding; Upper gastrointestinal tract; NSAIDs, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulation agent

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Synthesis and novel chemical reaction for a new class of 3-(1', 2'-dihydroxyeth-1'-yl)-1-phenylpyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxaline series “C-nucleosides” as antiviral agents

 

Y. Fakhreldin1, S.M. El-Kousy1, and M. El Ashry2

 

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minufiya University, Egypt.

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt.

yasser.ali42@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Numerous acyclic-C-nucleosides showed efficacy antiviral activities. In this work we prepared and checked the anti-hepatitis B activity of two new class of pyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxaline-C-nucleosides typically 3-(1', 2'-dihydroxyeth-1'-yl)-1-phenylpyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxaline and 3-(1`, 2`, 3`-trihydroxyprop-1`-yl)-1-phenylpyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxaline. The later prepared using one-pot reaction between O-phenylenediamine, aldo or keto hexoses or pentoses, and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride, it prepared using two other methods to prove the mechanism of the one-pot reaction. 3-(1', 2'-dihydroxyeth-1'-yl)-1-phenylpyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxaline reacted with thionyl chloride, to produce novel class of mono halogenated sulfite dimer using Y. Fakhreldin reaction. The novel reaction can conclude as follow (1`, 2` dihydroxyeth-1`-yl) -C-nucleosides react with thionyl chloride to produce {1' Deoxy, 2' Chloro eth-1'-yl) -C-nucleoside} {(1''deoxy, 2''-hydroxy eth-1''-yl) -C-nucleoside} 1', 1'' Sulfite. Some of the C-nucleosides synthesized, showed promising Anti-hepatitis B activity.

[Y. Fakhreldin, S.M. El-Kousy, and M. El Ashry. Synthesis and novel chemical reaction for a new class of 3-(1', 2'-dihydroxyeth-1'-yl)-1-phenylpyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxaline series “C-nucleosides” as antiviral agents. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):5098-5103]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 760

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.760

 

Keywords: phenylpyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxaline, Fakhreldin, c-nucleosides.

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761

The Effect of Competition on Relation of Corporate Governance Parameters and Cash Holding Level

 

Zahra Poorzamani1, Amir Hossein Mortezaie2

 

1, Department of Accounting, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2, Student of Accounting, Department of Accounting, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

 E- mail: zahrapoorzamani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In companies with weak supervision mechanisms, managers have incentives and opportunities in order to use company resources for their own benefits paid by stake holders. In this situation due to its high liquidity, company’s cash, faces a high risk of misuse and views being imposed by managers such as expansionism, providing compensations and welfare benefits and other resource wasting activities. The main objective of this research is to focus on the level of competitiveness in product markets, as an indicator of corporate governance and examining its effect on cash holding policies by public corporate managers. The research period is 5 consecutive years from 2006 to 2010 and the research statistical sample is consists 102 of companies enlisted in Tehran stock exchange. In the main hypotheses of the current research, it is asserted that comparing with other companies, there is a weak relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and cash holding level in companies with high competitive power in product market. Results show that claims are only objective about of board independency and expected results of institutional ownership mechanisms and the size of board was not verified. In general, it seems that the competition in product market has had a great effect in consolidation of monitoring and controlling role of board and specifically it has prevented the company from cash excess.

[Zahra Poorzamani,, Amir Hossein Mortezaie. The Effect of Competition on Relation of Corporate Governance Parameters and Cash Holding Level. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5104-5112]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 761

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.761

 

Key words: Competition in Product Markets, Corporate Governance, Cash Holding

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Analysis of emotional intelligence (EQ) and study the relationship between students’ demography traits and emotional intelligence (Case study: students of Tabriz Islamic Azad University)

 

Kamran Pashayi Fakhri1, Peyman Ghanimat2, Parvaneh Adelzadeh1

 

1- Department of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Tabriz Branch‚ Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Young Researchers Club, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

pashayikamran@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This research aims to analyze emotional intelligence and study the relationship between demography traits like age, family income and studies level of the male and female students of Tabriz Islamic Azad University (Iran) and EQ.This research is survey according to the method and it is analytical and applied according to the goals. The statistical population involves the students of Tabriz Islamic Azad University (Iran).The research sample consists of 400 students (187 male and 213 female) selected by simple random method. The data were collected by interview, observation and author made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as content validity and the reliability was achieved 0.89 by Cronbach alpha test. Pearson correlation coefficient, Levene test and samples mean comparison test were employed. The results showed that there is a relationship between age and emotional intelligence among male students and there is no significant relationship between age and emotional intelligence among female students. There is a relationship between emotional intelligence and male students’ family income, but there is no relationship between emotional intelligence and female students’ family income and there is no relationship between emotional intelligence and studies level among male and female students.

[Kamran Pashayi Fakhri, Peyman Ghanimat, Parvaneh Adelzadeh.. Analysis of emotional intelligence (EQ) and study the relationship between students’ demography traits and emotional intelligence. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5113-5120]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 762

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.762

 

Keywords: emotional intelligence, demographic traits, self assertiveness, emotion control, Tabriz Islamic Azad University.

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The relationship between Erythropoietin and adiponectin and the inflammatory cytokines.

 

Damanhouri. L H., Al-Sakkaf. K.A, Elshal. M.F

 

Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Lailahhd71@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Inflammatory cytokines, erythropoietin (EPO) and adipocytokines, including adiponectin, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play a role in pathogenesis of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between erythropoietin (EPO) level and the inflammatory cytokine in type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal complication are not clear. This prospective cohort study is aimed to investigate the relationship between erythropoietin, adipocytokines and inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal complications based on the serum levels of their urea and creatinine. Patients were classified as group-1 (n = 66), in comparison with those suffering renal complications as group-2 (n = 54). Serum levels of EPO, adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines, TNF- α and IL-6 together with other biochemical parameters were measured in total patients suffering type 2 DM (n=120). Serum levels of EPO, adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines including; TNF- α and IL-6 were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that the typ2 diabetic patients in general, had significantly high interleukin-6 concentrations (mean=25.53±2.36) and no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). However, TNF-α were significantly higher in group2 than group1 (p=0.01). On the other hand, serum concentration of EPO, adiponectin and haemoglobin (Hb) levels were significantly lower in group-2 than group-1 (p=0.037, p<0.005, p<0.005 respectively). There were significant positive correlations between EPO and adiponectin in the two groups (r=0.316, p<0.01 and r=0.320, p<0.05 respectively); while no significant correlation was found between EPO and TNF- α or IL-6, in either groups. In conclusion: These results show that the low serum level of EPO may associate with the low serum level of adiponectin in patients with type-2 DM, especially in those with renal complications, but not with TNF- α or IL-6.

 [Damanhouri. L H., Al-Sakkaf. K.A, Elshal. M.F. The relationship between Erythropoietin and adiponectin and the inflammatory cytokines. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):5121-5127]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 763

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.763

 

Keywords: adiponectin, diabetes mellitus (DM), erythropoietin (EPO), interlukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).

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The Effect of Topical Application of Honey on Management of Chemotherapy Induced Oral Stomatitis

 

Salwa A. Mohamed1, Amany Shebl2 and Soheir Mohamed Weheida3

 

1Medical Surgical Department, Faculty of Nursing, Fayoum University.2Medical Surgical Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura UniversityDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing3, University of Alexandria. salwaflower@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Chemotherapy agents continue to be the mainstay of cancer treatment, but are associated with short and long term side effects. Oral side effects remain a major source of illness despite the use of a variety of agents to prevent them. One of these side effects is oral Stomatitis. These lesions may produce discomfort and pain which interfere with eating, patient compliance to treatment and potential risk of oral infection. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of topical application of honey in the management of stomatitis in patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study was conducted at the medical oncology department and outpatient clinics of El Mansoura University Hospital. The subjects of this study comprised 40 adults of both sexes. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (study group) received 20 ml honey and group II (control group) who was left to the routine hospital care. Tool consisted of two parts to collect the study data: patient's Bio socio-demographic data and Medical data; Oral assessment guide (OAG) tool. The main result showed that subjects among the study group had healthier oral cavity and lower degree of oral stomatitis compared to the subjects in the control group following 10 days of chemotherapy administration. The honey group improved better and foster, analysis of data and comparison of means revealed a statistically significant difference between the two studies groups as regarding the improvement of oral condition in honey group foster than control group. The change in weight between the two studied groups was statistically significant, meaning that the improvement of body weight was much more in experimental group than it was in the control group. According to the results, honey caused virtually better recovery of stomatitis among patients compared with routing solution administered at the ward. The study recommended that patients who suffers from stomatitis should encouraged to frequent and regular training programs to keep the oncology nurses updated with the most resent and effective oral hygiene practices.

[Salwa A. Mohamedand Amany Shebl. The Effect of Topical Application of Honey on Management of Chemotherapy Induced Oral Stomatitis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5128-5134]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 764

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.764

 

Key words: Chemotherapy, Oral stomatitis, Honey.

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765

Application of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Optimal Overcurrent Relay Coordination for Power System Including DGs

 

Mostafa Azimi Dehaghani 1, Mehdi Soltani 2, Sayed Mohsen Ahmadi 3, Payam Ghaebi Panah 4

 

1 Esfahan Province Electricity Distribution Company (EPEDC)

2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tiran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tiran, Isfahan, Iran

azimi_deh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for optimal simultaneous coordinated tuning of overcurrent relay for a power delivery system (PDS) including distribution generations (DGs). In the suggested scheme, instead of changing in protection system structure or using new elements, solving of relay coordination problem is done with revising of relays setting in presence of DGs. For this, the relay coordination problem is formulated as the optimization problem by considering two strategies: minimizing the relays operation time and minimizing the number of changes in relays setting. Also, an efficient hybrid algorithm based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and linear programming (LP) is introduced for solving complex and non-convex optimization problem. To evaluate the efficiency and ability of the proposed method, a 30-bus IEEE test system is considered for simulation studies. Also, three scenarios are examined to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to solve the directional overcurrent relay coordination problem for a PDS with DGs. Simulation result show the efficiency of proposed method.

[Mostafa Azimi Dehaghani, Mehdi Soltani, Sayed Mohsen Ahmadi, Payam Ghaebi Panah. Application of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Optimal Overcurrent Relay Coordination for Power System Including DGs. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5135-5142] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 765

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.765

 

Keywords: Directional overcurrent relay coordination, distributed generation, looped power delivery system, short-circuit analysis, Artificial Bee Colony, linear programming.

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 Evaluation Of Serum Levels Of The Adipokines Chemerin And Resistin In Preeclampsia

 

Abeer A. AL-Refai

 

Medical Biochemistry Departments, Faculty of Medicine, al-menoufyia University, Egypt

drabeer512@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Objectives: the aim of this study was to determine serum chemerin and resistin levels in preeclamptic patients as well as healthy pregnant women, and to evaluate the association of serum chemerin with markers of severity of preeclampsia and other metabolic parameters. Methods: In the current study, the serum concentrations of both chemerin and resistin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in control and preeclampsia patients during pregnancy (Control: n=30, preeclampsia: n=29). Furthermore, the association between chemerin and markers of adiposity [weight, body mass index (BMI) and resistin], glycolipid metabolism [lipid profile, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR] as well as markers of severity of preeclampsia [blood pressure (BP), uric acid (UA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] were studied in pregnant patients. Results. Both median maternal chemerin and resistin concentrations were significantly elevated in preeclampsia patients (249.5 [range: 123.1–366.9] μg/l) as compared to controls (204.8 [138.5– 280.8] μg/l) (p=0.001). Serum chemerin level was higher in severe group when compared to the mild pre-eclamptic group. By multiple linear regression analysis SBP and UA were independently associated with serum chemerin levels, When the data were adjusted for preeclampsia triglycerides (TGs) still independently associated with serum chemerin levels in multiple regression analysis. Conclusions. Serum chemerin and resistin concentrations were significantly increased in preeclampsia relative to normal pregnancy. Moreover, serum chemirin was significantly up-regulated in severe preeclampsia, and was independently associated with marker of severity and dyslipidemia.

[Abeer A. AL-Refai. Evaluation Of Serum Levels Of The Adipokines Chemerin And Resistin In Preeclampsia. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):5143-5151]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 766

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.766

 

Keywords: Chemerin; resistin, preeclampsia.

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Competency Based Training Need Assessment for IT Companies in Chennai

 

N. Akbar Jan 1, Dr.C. Muthuvelayutham 2

 

1. Research Scholar, Anna University Regional Centre, Coimbatore-47, Tamil Nadu. India,

Asst. Professor/ Department of Management Studies, Vel Tech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University,

E-mail: akbarjan75@yahoo.co.in, akbarjan.1975@gmail.com Tel: +91- 09841282771

2 Research Supervisor, Associate Professor – School of Management Studies,

Deputy Director – Academic and Research,Anna University Regional Centre, Coimbatore-47, Tamil Nadu, India

E-mail: drmuthu2009@gmail.com or drmuthuvelayutham@gmail.com, Tel: +91 – 09894458498

 

Abstract: Competency assessment is an important activity that involves identification of the desired skills set for each role for meeting organizational goals and objectives. Competency models enable employees to know where they stand, which is then followed by acquisition of competencies through training and development or through employees’ self-initiated efforts. This can enable training need assessment in more accurate terms and plan training activity in a manner that leaves little mismatch between training needed and training provided. Competency based training need assessment provides key inputs to the training department to harness their full potential enshrined in their Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (KSAs). This research reports a case study relating to competency based training need assessment for general and technical skills for middle level executives working in a IT companies at Chennai.

[N.Akbar jan, Dr.C.Muthuvelayutham. Competency Based Training Need Assessment for IT Companies in Chennai. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5152-5155] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 767

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.767

 

Keywords: Training Need Assessment, Information Technology, Competence, Training, Training and Development

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768

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Dynamic Project Success Assessment Taxonomic

 

Min-Yuan Cheng 1, Li-Chuan Lien 2, Hsing-Chih Tsai 1, Pi-Hung Chen 1

 

1. Department of Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei,, 106 Taiwan (R.O.C.)

1. Department of Civil Engineering, FuJian University of Technology, No.3 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Minhou, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China

lclien@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches are widely applied to various civil engineering problems. This paper focuses on an approach to assessing project success using AI approaches including K-means Clustering, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Fuzzy Logic (FL), and Neural Network (NN). As various factors at different construction stages affect project performance, project success criteria change dynamically and are hard to estimate accurately through reliance on experience alone. Information that is uncertain, vague, and incomplete is an inherent feature of this problem. CAPP (Continuous Assessment of Project Performance) software was used to study in a dynamic manner the significant factors that influence upon project performance. K-means clustering was employed to conduct an unsupervised clustering to extract similar cases for comparison. FL for was used to examine uncertainties, NN was employed for data mining, and GA was used for optimization. A developed Evolutionary Fuzzy Neural Inference Model (EFNIM) was used to achieve optimal mapping of input factors and project success output. Results show that EFNIM is able to estimate the degree of project success well and case clustering can greatly enhance project success assessments.

[Min-Yuan Cheng, Li-Chuan Lien, Hsing-Chih Tsai, Pi-Hung Chen. Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Dynamic Project Success Assessment Taxonomic. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5156-5163] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 768

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.768

 

Keywords: Project Success, Artificial Intelligence, K-means Clustering, Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Network.

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Relationship between human resources development and knowledge management value chain

 

Maryam Beigi Rrizi1 and Badri Shahtalebi2

 

1Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan (Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad university Isfahan,Iran

2Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan (Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad university Isfahan,Iran

 

Abstract: Present research has analyzed the relationship between human resources development (Employee empowerment, Employee participation and Employee training) and KMVC by descriptive method in correlation type. 1221 employees of one of the Iranian Steal Company with B.S degree and upper took part in the statistical universe of this survey. 232 people were chosen by using systematic sampling method and the sample size formula. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires of KM and HRD have been used. Also content validity and face validity of questionnaires in this research were confirmed by experts. The validity of both questionnaires was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) which equals to 0.87 in KM and 0.83 in HRD. The result has shown that there is a relationship between KM and employee participation (r = 82%, α= 0.001), a relationship between KM and employee empowerment (r = 76%, α = 0.001) and a relationship between KM and employee training (r = 63%, α = 0.001).

 [Maryam Beigi Rrizi and Badri Shahtalebi. Relationship between human resources development and knowledge management value chain. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5164-5171]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 769

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.769

Keywords:empowerment, human resources development, knowledge management value chain, participation, training.

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Relationship between Managers’ Communicational Skills and Teachers’ Organizational Commitment

 

Maryam Mahmoodikia1 and Eghbal Paktinat2

 

1. Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.

Email:Maryam.mahmoodikia@gmail.com

2. Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.

Email: Iqbalpaktinat@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The present research has been carried out to investigating the relationship between the managers communicational skills and the teachers organizational commitment in the middle schools of Sirjan. The method of research was descriptive – correlation and the specified group for that include all the managers and teachers in the middle schools of sirjan in 2011–12 that has 77 managers and 651 teachers. By applying the Cochran formula the statistical society for managers and teachers has been specified 54 and 169, (in respect) that were chosen stratified. The measurement devices include two questionnaires, the standard questionnaire of Queendom communicational skills (2011) and the questionnaire of organizational commitment. Both of them were based on demographic questions. For the analysis of data descriptive and deductive methods were used (Etta and Pearson correlation coefficient). Finally the result of the analysis revealed that all the dimension of managers’ communicational skills relate positively with the teachers’ organizational commitment. The results of this study can be used by administrative systems, managers of organizational and private sector.

 [Maryam Mahmoodikia and Eghbal Paktinat. Relationship between Managers’ Communicational Skills and Teachers’ Organizational Commitment. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5172-5180]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 770

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.770

Keywords: Communicational Skills, Organizational Commitment, Middle Schools

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771

Analysis of Mechanisms for Water Management Improvement from the Viewpoint of Tehran Province Farmers

 

Shaghayegh Khalili

 

MSc student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran. E-mail: Shaghayegh_khalili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the most important mechanisms for improving management of water resources in Tehran Province agricultural sector. This is an applied research in terms of its objective, a field research in terms of the degree of control it exerts on variables, and a descriptive (non-experimental) research in terms of its method of gathering information. The statistical population for this research was Tehran Province water farmers (45652 persons), and the statistical sample size was calculated as 243 from the Cochran Formula. Due to the uneven distribution of farmers in the 14 counties of Tehran Province, in the first step only 5 counties were selected: Shemiranat on the north, Varamin on the south, Firouzkouh on the east, Shahriar on the west, and Tehran in the center of the province. Then, in the second step, in proportion to each county’s farmer population percentage in the whole statistical population, the selected sample sizes for each county were determined as fractions of the total sample size (243 persons). The randomly selected farmers in each county were consequently interviewed and the required information was obtained from them through questionnaires. The stability of the scale used for the present research was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha value of greater than 0.70, and the validity of the questionnaires was ascertained through seeking the opinion of academic advisors. Ultimately, the obtained data was analyzed by using the SPSS software. Based on the results obtained from prioritizing the effective mechanisms influencing water management, the following three items were determined by farmers under study as the most effective mechanisms on management improvement: replacing traditional irrigation methods with modern, high efficiency methods, avoidance of digging wells unnecessarily, and attending educational-extensional classes organized to give instruction on water resources management. Factor analysis shows the following mechanisms to be effective on water management improvement: 1) extension-educational mechanisms, 2) preventive mechanisms, 3) managerial mechanisms, and 4) executive-operational mechanisms. These mechanisms explained collectively 56.49 percent of the total variance.

 [Shaghayegh Khalili. Analysis of Mechanisms for Water Management Improvement from the Viewpoint of Tehran Province Farmers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5181-5189]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 771

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.771

Key word: Mechanism, Water Resources Management Improvement, Educational-Extension Activities, Tehran Province

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Reviewing the dissociation forms of the political offences, the revolt and the fighting offence from the jurisprudence viewpoint

 

hossein ghanbari ghomi kala

 

MA of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Center,Tehran, Iran

hossein_gh1357@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Islam, as a comprehensive religion, has inspected the offence designations such as the political offences, the revolt and the fighting. Political and revolt offences have been neglected in the penal code of Iran and have not been paid enough attention to them. In the lows of Iran, designations (titles) which are reckoned as a revolt from jurisprudence point of view are evidences for fighting. Nowadays, attentiveness about the distinction between the fighters and the revolters seems to be very essential. To administer justice, it is time to reinvestigate this subject, so that injustice disappears.

[hossein ghanbari ghomi kala. Reviewing the dissociation forms of the political offences, the revolt and the fighting offence from the jurisprudence viewpoint. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5190-5197] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 772

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.772

 

Keywords:Dissociation,Revolt.Political Offences,fighting,Designations

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The Cytotoxic and Ultrastrctural Perturbations of Aluminum Exposed Nile Catfish with Special Reference to the Mitigating Effect of Vitamin C

 

Gihan G. Moustafa1, Samah Khalil1, Mohamed M. A. Hussein2 and Zeinab, M. Labib3

 

1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

3 Animal Health Research Institute (Tanta branch), Egypt

samah_vet2001@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The genotoxic parameters are currently among the most valuable fish biomarkers for environmental risk assessment. So, the present study was directed to explore the toxic impacts of Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on DNA damage, apoptosis, antioxidant status and ultrastructural investigations of Nile catfish. The experiment was carried out on 48 fish that randomly divided into four equal groups with two replicates; the first group exposed to 1/20 LC50 of AlCl3, the second group exposed to the combined doses of AlCl3 (1/20 LC50) and vitamin C (Vit. C) at dose of 5 ppm, the third group exposed to Vit C at the dose previously mentioned and the fourth group was kept as negative control. The experiment was terminated after six months where the fish were sacrified and specimens from liver and gills of all groups were obtained and kept at -20°C till applying the required measurements and another specimen from the same organs were fixed in 10% neutral –buffered formalin and 3% glutaraldehyde solution for histopathological examination. The results indicated pronounced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and significant decrease in both reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity. AlCl3 elicited an obvious increase in oxidative DNA damage and frequency of apoptotic cells, these manifestation were markedly ameliorated in the group exposed to the combined doses of AlCl3 and Vit C. The ultrastructural histopathological findings proved the aforementioned results. It could be concluded that AlCl3 elucidated a marked ruinous effects on the oxidative and genotoxic impacts as well as the histopathological alterations which were alleviated by Vitamin C.

[Gihan G. Moustafa, Samah Khalil; Mohamed M. A. Hussein and Zeinab, M. Labib. The Cytotoxic and Ultrastrctural Perturbations of Aluminum Exposed Fish with Special Reference to the Mitigating Effect of Vitamin C. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):5198-5210]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 773

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.773

 

Key words: Aluminum chloride, Apoptosis, DNA damage, Oxidative stress, Ultrastructural investigations, Vitamin C.

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Perspective of nurses working in medical-training hospitals in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province towards continuing education

 

Sima Mohammad Hossini a, Masood Moghimib, Zohera Karimic *, Ebrahim Momeni d, Sayed Javad Sadat e, Ardashir Afrasiabifar f, Khierollah Nooryan g, Hashemi Mohamad Abad N.H

 

a Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

b Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

c Department of Operating Room, Paramedical College, Ahvaz University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran

d Department of Clinical Psychology, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

e Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

f Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

g Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

H Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Science, Yasouj, Iran.

*Corresponding author name.: Zohera Karimi,. Tel: 00989173413532

E-mail address: karimiz48@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Information about perspective of nurses on continuing medical education is important in promoting the program. In this descriptive study, 184 nurses working in medical-education hospitals of Kohkiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad were participated. A questionnaire was developed in five sections: demographic and content-area information, management information, satisfaction information, and motivation information. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. Based on the results, at most, 63% of the participants in the study were satisfied with agreement of the contents with new scientific discoveries, 63% were satisfied with the appropriateness of the contents with their needs, and 52% were satisfied with the management of the programs. In general, nurses had average evaluation, about the contents of the program, management, satisfaction, and motivation in continuing education programs. The majority of nurses, participating in continuing educational programs, had average evaluation towards content of the program, program management, satisfaction with programs, and motivation for participation. It is suggested to review the various parts of the programs and implement the requirement evaluation before any education progress.

[Sima Mohammad Hossini, Masood Moghimi, Zohera Karimi, Ebrahim Momeni, Sayed Javad Sadat, Ardashir Afrasiabifar, Khierollah Nooryan, Hashemi Mohamad Abad N. Perspective of nurses working in medical-training hospitals in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province towards continuing education. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5211-5215]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 774

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.774

 

Key words: Continuing education, Nursing, Perspective

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A New Efficient Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network Based Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Control of Nonlinear Industrial Processes

 

Mehdi Soltani, Sayed Mohsen Ahmadi, Payam Ghaebi Panah, Ramtin Sadeghi

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Tiran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tiran, Isfahan, Iran

meh_soltani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Among various control methods, artificial intelligence based control techniques, becomes one of the major control strategies and has received much attention as a powerful tool for the control of nonlinear systems. This paper presents a design of Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network (FWNN) trained Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (FWN-ICA) for control of nonlinear industrial process. The FWNN is applied to approximate unknown dynamic of the system and ICA is employed to train and optimize the FWNN parameters. In the proposed control scheme, neural control system synthesis is performed in the closed-loop control system to provide appropriate control input. For this, the error between desired system output and output of control object is directly utilized to tune the network parameters. The controller is applied to a highly nonlinear industrial process of continues stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Simulation results show that the proposed FWNN-ICA controller has excellent dynamic response and adapt well to changes in reference trajectory and system parameters.

[Mehdi Soltani, Sayed Mohsen Ahmadi, Payam Ghaebi Panah, Ramtin Sadeghi. A New Efficient Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network Based Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Control of Nonlinear Industrial Processes. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5216-5221] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 775

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.775

 

Keywords: Fuzzy Wavelet neural network, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, nonlinear CSTR.

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Obstacles to Clinical Education from the Viewpoint of Nursing Students of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences

 

Masood Moghimi a, Khierollah Nooryan b, Zohera Karimi c, Sima Mohammad Hossinid, Moshan Salari e, Ardashir AfrasiabifarFar f, Mohammadali Moghimig, Hasan AbidiI, Mahintaj GoharganiH

 

a Department of Nursing,, Nursing & Midwifery collage, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

b Department of Nursing,, Nursing & Midwifery collage, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

c Department of Operating Room, Paramedical College, Ahvaz University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran,.

dDepartment of Nursing,, Nursing & Midwifery collage, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

eDepartment of Nursing,, Nursing & Midwifery collage, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

f Department of Nursing,, Nursing & Midwifery collage, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

g Department of Medicine Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

IDepartment of Medicine Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

HPhD student of psychophysiology in Orbeli institute of National Academy of science of Armenia/Yasuj education organization, Yasouj, I.R.Iran

*Corresponding author: Sima Mohammad Hossini, 00989173420865; hossini3270@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Clinical education takes up half of the time nursing students spend over the academic courses of study. In fact, clinical education can be considered a series of activities to facilitate learning in a clinical environment, purpose of which is to create measurable changes in students as to enable them to carry out clinical care. Selected in the present descriptive research were 108 nursing students who had passed at least an internship semester. The survey sheet designed here contains questions regarding personal information and the current obstacles to learning clinical skills in four aspects: trainer, environment, educational program, and student. After having the questionnaires filled out, data were collected in order to be analyzed by the statistical software SPSS 17. As viewed by this group of students, the most important obstacles to clinical learning were un clarified educational goals (85.9%), failure of the students to maintain hospital disciplines (62.1%), unsuitability of working hours (66.6%), poor communication between students and nursing staff (77.8%), presence of visitors at hospital during the educational practices (61.2%) undetermined duties and obligations of interns (50%), lack of practical test to take at work (52.8%), unsuitability of the hours assigned for clinical education (50%), unfamiliarity of students to the laws and regulations in clinical education (48.1%). There are significant obstacles felt in the four aspects of clinical education, all of which could influence the practical skills of nursing students. Therefore, it seems necessary for educational authorities and trainers to pay more attention to the issue and take useful actions in order to create a desirable clinical learning environment.

 [Masood Moghimi, Khierollah Nooryan, Zohera Karimi, Sima Mohammad Hossini, Moshan Salari, Ardashir AfrasiabifarFar, Mohammadali Moghimi, Hasan Abidi, Mahintaj Gohargani. Obstacles to Clinical Education from the Viewpoint of Nursing Students of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5222-5225] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 776

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.776

 

Keywords: clinical education, nursing students, learning obstacle

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An Enhanced Solution of the Universal Lambert's Problem

 

Alshaery A. A.

 

Department of Mathematics, Sciences Faculty for Girls, King AbduAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

aaalshaary@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: In this paper, an iterative method of arbitrary order of convergence  is developed for solving the universal Lambert's problem using homotopy continuation technique. The method does not need any priori knowledge of the initial guess, a property which avoids the critical situation between divergent to very slow convergent solution, that may exist in the application of other numerical methods depending on initial guess. Computational algorithms and numerical applications will b e applied for some orbits.

[Alshaery. A. A. An Enhanced Solution of the Universal Lambert's Problem. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5226-5229] (ISSN: 1097-8135).http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 777

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.777

 

Keywords: Lambert's Problem; Boundary value problem; orbit determination; Homotopy continuation method.

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Effect of Genetic Counseling on Consanguineous Spouses Attending Maternal and Child Health Centers

 

Magda Ahmed abd Elsattar, Omaima Mohamed Esmat, and Hala Mohamed Mohamed Hussein

 

 Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

mhdnawar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Consanguineous spouses relation plays an important role in the prevalence of genetic disorders. Genetic counseling is directed towards reducing the number of children born with genetically determined disorders. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic counseling on knowledge of consanguineous spouses’ related to genetic disorders and making decision toward reproductive health. Research design: This is a quasi-experimental study. Setting: This study was carried out at maternal and child health centers affiliated to Ministry of Health in El-Qualiobia governorate. Sample: A purposive sample of one hundred spouses with 1st, 2nd or 3rd degree of consanguinity relation who attended the previously mentions MCH centers. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection; the first tool was an interviewing questionnaire to collect data about sociodemographic characteristics of spouses; past and present health history of spouse and spouses knowledge related to genetic disorders,genetic counseling and making decision toward reproductive health. The second tool obtained from record review of laboratory investigations regarding to genetic tests. Results: This study proved that genetic counseling helps in increasing spouses’ knowledge regarding purpose of genetic counseling, genetic disorders, how it will be inherited and the risk of having an affected child. Approximately one third of spouses conducted genetic investigations, 10 Out of 18 Pregnant women received antenatal care(more than half), and very few of them had using family planning methods. The study also showed significant statistical correlations between spouses’ performances of genetic investigations and their monthly income. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that genetic counseling increased spouses’ knowledge regarding the effects of consanguinity marriage on their offspring’s and helps them to make proper reproductive decision through suggestion of reproductive choices. Recommendations: The study recommended that, genetic clinics should be accessible in all maternal and child health centers especially in rural areas supplied with necessary facilities and coordinated team work for conducting genetic investigations and genetic counseling program..

[Magda Ahmed abd Elsattar, Omaima Mohamed Esmat, and Hala Mohamed Mohamed Hussein. Effect of Genetic Counseling on Consanguineous Spouses Attending Maternal and Child Health Centers. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):5230-5240]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 778

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.778

 

Keywords: Consanguinity relation, Genetic disorders, genetic investigations, Genetic counseling.

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779

Customized Rigid Gas Permeable lens fitting for keratoconus

 

John Ching-Jen Hsiao1,2,*, Jung-Kai Tseng1, Tzu-Lan Chen1, Wen-Pin Lin3

 

1 School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan

3 Professional Relations Department, Taiwan Marco Vision Corp., Taipei City, Taiwan

johncjhsiao@yahoo.com.tw

 

Abstract: Keratoconus, a non-inflammatoryectasic disorder of the cornea, with corneal thinning and distortion resulting high degree of irregular myopic astigmatism. To best correct patients’ vision with keartoconus, one would require Rigid Gas Permeable contact lens. Due to the distorted shape of cornea, the correction of keratoconus remains one of the most difficult challenges in the art of contact lens fitting. In this paper, we trialed and fitted a newly diagnosed bilateral keatoconus patient with many different parameters in order to reach a final appropriate lens design for maintaining the patient’s minimum binocularity and improving his visual acuity as much as possible. The patient was in his early 30’s with no previous knowledge of kearotoconus and came in to our center for a pre-Lasik evaluation. Diagnosis of the disorder was confirmed by axial map and ring verification of corneal topography. The final treatment of course included special designs of rigid gas permeable lenses for both eyes. Patient was very impressed with result which allows his vision to improve 4 lines in both OD and OS on the vision test chart.

[John Ching-Jen Hsiao, Jung-Kai Tseng, Tzu-Lan Chen, Wen-Pin Lin. Customized Rigid Gas Permeable lens fitting for keratoconus. Life Sci J 2012,9(4):5241-5243] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 779

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.779

 

Keywords: Keratoconusmulticurvedesign,Rigid gas-permeablelens, Rigid lens edge lift, Customized contact lenses

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Appraisal of Reader’s Role in Revolutionary Potential of Hypertext Fiction

 

Ladan Modir1, Sohaimi Bin Abdul Aziz2, Mohammad Saghafi3

 

1&2.School of Humanities, University Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

3. Faculty of Business Management, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran

ladanmodir65@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: One of the outstanding effects of development in technology is on literature; times when novels were read just through printed books have passed. By introducing electronic literature readers can experience a virtual reality and additional aesthetic pleasure in compare to printed texts. This paper puts forward that electronic literature and specifically hypertext fiction encourages readers to see writing in a radical sense as connecting one text to another and form a new composite. The cybernetic environment endows readers different roles to engage in a story and incorporate their identities toward fictional characters. Literary creativity needs to converge with computer and through by this way readers encounter various layers of meaning and can interpret a story without the author’s interference. However, the problem is that with this structure, it is impossible for the readers to respond in a realistic normal way as they did in print technology because, the electronic authors create several paths to be followed. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how hypertext novel has empowered readers to take some of the roles historically played by authors. Recognition that modern ways of reading caused by introduction of the Internet and also connection between literature and science illuminate literary texts, make this paper an inevitable area of research.

[Ladan Modir, Sohaimi Bin Abdul Aziz, Mohammad Saghafi. Appraisal of Reader’s Role in Revolutionary Potential of Hypertext Fiction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5244-5246] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 780

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.780

 

Keywords: hypertext fiction, digital reader, interactivity, cyber genre.

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Review of monitoring and management of a progressing monocular keratoconus patient over 5 years

 

 Kuo-Chen Su1,2, John Ching-Jen Hsiao1,2,*

 

1 School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan johncjhsiao@yahoo.com.tw

Abstract: Keratoconus is a slowly progressive non-inflammatory disease of the central cornea which causes central stromal thinning, apical protrusion, and irregular astigmatism.1 This paper is the review and follow up article of the management of over 5 years of a 25 years old monocular keratoconic Asian male whose condition continuing worsen during that time. During the 5 years period, the patient’s flat K increased by 4.00 diopters and his steep K increased by 5.75 diopters in his keratoconic eye. The corneal topographies revealed the continuing of corneal protrusion and our lens design at different stages of the ectasia are detailed described in this paper. Patient is still under yearly monitoring for his lens treatment and keratoconus condition. [Kuo-Chen Su, John Ching-Jen Hsiao. Review of monitoring and management of rapidly progressing monocular keratoconus over 5 years. Life Sci J. 2012, 9(4):5247-5250] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 781

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.781

 

Keywords: Keratoconus, Rigid gas-permeable lens, Special lens, Rose- K, Irregular astigmatism

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Proposed a Mathematical Based Applicable Method for Moho Depth Estimation by Use of Bouguer Anomaly Gravity Data- Case Study

 

Roshanak Rajablou1, Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri2 and Fardin Vahidi 3

 

 1Department of Geophysics, Hamedan branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

2Assistant professor, Department of Geophysics, Hamedan branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

3Department of Civil Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Corresponding Author: a_abbaszadeh@iauh.ac.ir

 

Abstract: At the present study, variation of crustal thickness by Bouguer anomaly gravity and topographic data for the southeast of Iran in the southern part of Kerman province has been investigated. At the first, 2D low-pass filters and upward frequently type analytical techniques were applied to the Bouguer gravity data of the region to inspect the regional gravity anomalies behavior. Then by application of a Moving Window Power Spectrum Method (MWPSM), probable structural depth variations between 32 to 46 km were determined. By applying, the Euler Deconvolution Method (EDM) on Bouguer anomaly gravity data, an investigation of changes in crustal thickness and the type of the anomaly resources was carried out. To validate the proposed method, a comparison between the obtained values with results of Inverted Parker-Oldenburg’s Method (IPOM) was conducted. Generation and improvement of a probable 2D crust model by combination of obtained results and proposed seismic velocity models for this region in previous studies was the key factor of this paper.

 [Roshanak Rajablou, Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri and Fardin Vahidi. Proposed a Mathematical Based Applicable Method for Moho Depth Estimation by Use of Bouguer Anomaly Gravity Data- Case Study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5251-5258] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 782

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.782

Keywords: Crustal thickness, Moving Window Power Spectrum Technique, Euler Deconvolution, Inverted Parker-Oldenburg’s Method

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Assessment of socio-demographic characteristics in Infertile men who Referred to Shariati Hospital in Iran

 

Habibi M1,Sadighi Gilani MA2,Hassanzadeh G3, Dargahi H4,Shamsi A5, Choobineh K6,Saiepour N7 and

Choobineh H 3,4,8*

 

1. Iranian Center for Breast Cancer, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran

2. Department of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

3. Department of Anatomy & Reproductive Biology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4. School of Allid Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5. Department of Maternal and Child Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6. School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran

7. School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

8. Zoonotic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author: hchobineh@tums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: At least 50% of infertility is partly or completely attributable to a male factor. Some factors affecting infertility is related to genetic and environmental factors. This study examined demographic characteristics of men with infertility were referred to the Shariati Hospital Infertility Clinic. This is a cross-sectional study. 200 eligible patients were enrolled with written consent Face-to-face interviews were based on a questionnaire that included variables on socio-demographic characteristics and Sperm analysis test performed by all individuals. Their height and weight measurements were recorded. The mean age was 34.1 ± 5.7 the average year after marriage number was 3.6 ± 1.3 years. The majority of people were self-employed, and a high proportion of them were exposed to chemicals in their work environment. However, this study found that the risk of diabetes disease, mumps, varicocele is higher among workers.The sperm analysis showed that the most common Problem of inferile men was decrease in sperm motility., So that more than 162 participants of the study were 40% lower sperm motility. In this study the relationship between sperm parameters in infertile men and factors such as obesity, smoking, BMI, occupational status and previous disease and was not significant.

[Habibi M,Sadighi Gilani MA, Hassanzadeh G, Dargahi H,Shamsi A, Choobineh K,Saeepour N and Choobineh H. Assessment of socio-demographic characteristics in Infertile mans who Referred to Shariati Hospital in 1390. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5259-5264] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 783

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.783

Key words: semen analysis parameters, infertility, socio-demographic characteristics

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The beneficial property of hydroalcoholic extract of Annab on burn healing

 

Ansari samani R1, Baradaran A2, Esmaeli E1, Shahinfard N1, Parvin N1, Namjoo AR3, Shirzad H1and

Rafieian-kopaei M*1

 

1 Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Universit of Medecal Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

3 Assistant professor, Pathology Dept., Islamic Azad Univ, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran

*Corresponding author: Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Universit of Medecal Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: rafieian@skums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: It has been suggested that Annab (Zizipus vulgaris L.) might be beneficial on burn healing, but there is not any evidence in literature for this effect of the plant. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Annab on burn healing. In this study wounds were made by placing a hot plate with a surface area of 1.5 cm2 on the back of animals, for 10s. Forty mice were designated in four groups and treated with vehicle or test substance two times per day for 21 days. The first group received nothing, the second group received Vaseline, the third and fourth groups received 1% and 10% Annab ointment two times/day, respectively. The percentage of burn healing and the total time required for complete healing was evaluated. Results showed that 1% dose of Annab extract had significant burn healing compared to control group (P<0.01). Annab has considerable effect on burn wounds and its usage might be beneficial in these patients.

 [Ansari samani R, Baradaran A, Esmaeli E, Shahinfard N, Parvin N, Namjoo AR, Shirzad H and Rafieian-kopaei M. The beneficial property of hydroalcoholic extract of Annab on burn healing. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5265-5268] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 784

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.784

Key words: Balb/c mice, Burn, Zizipus vulgaris L.

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785

An Investigation of the Role of Continuous Improvement Excellence Model

 

Fatemeh Nikbakht Mobarakeh1 and Badri shahtalebi2

 

1Yong researchers clup, Department of educational science-khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch-Islamic Azad university –Isfahan-Iran

2Department of educational science-khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch-Islamic Azad University –Isfahan-Iran

 

Abstract: The current survey investigates the continuous improvement excellence model view points of staff in this company. The research method was a descriptive survey and the statistical population consisted of all the staff of Company. (2584 people) out of which 334 were selected as statistical sample, using random clustered sampling and considering the number of population. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire using 5-scale Likert and including 32 statements. The validity of the questionnaire was substantiated by specialists and also a number of the participants. The reliability of the questionnaire was substantiated by specialists and also a number of the participants. The reliability of the questionnaire proved to be 0.96 using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients. To analyze the research data, the descriptive statistics consist of abundance, percent, average, standard deviation and the deductive statistics include single variable test and manova analysis, are used. The findings revealed that role of continuous improvement excellence model the leadership, strategy, people, partnerships resources, processes products services customer results, people results, key results, society results were more than average (p<0.05), in regard with demographic data amount, no significant difference was seen in staffs points of view (gender, professional background, field of study and position).

 [Fatemeh Nikbakht Mobarakeh and Badri shahtalebi. An Investigation of the Role of Continuous Improvement Excellence Model. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5269-5276] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 785

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.785

Keywords: Management system, Continuous improvement, Model of Excellence, Staff

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Relationship between human resources development and knowledge management value chain

 

Maryam Beigi Rrizi and Badri Shahtalebi

 

Department of Educational Sciences, Kkhorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad university Isfahan, Iran

Department of Educational Sciences, Kkhorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad university Isfahan, Iran

 

Abstract: Present research has analyzed the relationship between human resources development (Employee empowerment, Employee participation and Employee training) and KMVC by descriptive method in correlation type. 1221 employees of one of the Iranian Steal Company with B.S degree and upper took part in the statistical universe of this survey. 232 people were chosen by using systematic sampling method and the sample size formula. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires of KM and HRD have been used. Also content validity and face validity of questionnaires in this research were confirmed by experts. The validity of both questionnaires was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) which equals to 0.87 in KM and 0.83 in HRD. The result has shown that there is a relationship between KM and employee participation (r = 82%, α= 0.001), a relationship between KM and employee empowerment (r = 76%, α = 0.001) and a relationship between KM and employee training (r = 63%, α = 0.001).

 [Maryam Beigi Rrizi and Badri Shahtalebi. Relationship between human resources development and knowledge management value chain. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5277-5282]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 786

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.786

 

Keywords: empowerment, human resources development, knowledge management value chain, participation,

training.

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In Vitro Propagation of Medicinal Plant Orthosiphun Stamineus (Misai Kucing) Through Axillary Branching and Callus Culture

 

Kamaludin Rashid1, Arash Nezhadahmadi2, Roihan Mohsin2, Shamrul Azhar1, Shahril Efzueni1

 

1. Centre for Foundation Studies of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Malaysia

nezhadahmadi.arash@gmail.com; kamalrashid@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: Orthosiphun stamineus is a herbaceous plant that is popularly known as Misai Kucing. It is widely used in traditional medicine as diuretic agent. This study was divided into two parts that was the in vitro production of complete plantlet through axillary branching and callus culture derived from leaf explant. In axillary branching method, sterilization was conducted using 0.02mg/100ml of mercuric chloride followed by rinsing with 20% and 50% of Clorox for 20 minutes and 5 minutes respectively. This sterilization method was able to remove the contaminants from the surface of the axillary stem and almost 70% of the explants were survived. Axillary bud was placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basic medium and cultured for 1 month. The in vitro shoot was inoculated on MS medium which was supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and NAA. The medium that contained 1.0mg/L of BAP gave the best shoot multiplication (13.25) and shoot length (6.23cm) after 8 weeks in culture. Root formation in term of percentage of root (70%) and the number of root produced (10.50) were the best when shoot inserted into medium contained 6mg/L IBA after 3 weeks in culture. However, MS medium that was supplemented with 2 mg/L IBA enhanced in the root length (3.85 cm). Meanwhile, in callus culture, the leaf explant was placed on MS medium containing with various concentrations of 2,4-D for induction of callus. The optimum level of callus induction and proliferation rate (0.42) were obtained with 4mg/L 2,4-D. The callus cells were tested in medium with Evan’s Blue staining and the result showed that the cells were embryogenic. However, the shoot induction from the callus was failed in all tested mediums containing different combinations of BAP and 2,4-D.

[Kamaludin Rashid, Arash Nezhadahmadi, Roihan Mohsin, Shamrul Azhar, Shahril Efzueni. In Vitro Propagation of Medicinal Plant Orthosiphun Stamineus (Misai Kucing) Through Axillary Branching and Callus Culture. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5283-5294] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 787

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.787

 

Keywords: In Vitro; Propagation; Axillary branching; Callus

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Evaluation of Quality of working life in teaching hospitals in Ahwaz Medical University and its relationship with knowledge management from the perspective of senior and junior managers in hospitals

 

Azadeh Ahmadi Dashtian1, Masoude Asl Iravan2, Nazari Aslan3, Nazari Hamed4, Raadabadi Mehdi5, Moghadami Fard Zeinab6

 

1. Islamic Azad University, joybar Branch, joybar, Iran

2. Assistant Professor School of Economics and Management, Islamic Azad University-Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

3. M A Graduate in Health Services Management,School of Economics and Management, Islamic Azad University-Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

4. B S Graduate in Health Services Management, School of Health, Ahvaz university of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran

5. M AGraduate in Health Services Management, School of Health, Tehran university of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

6. M A Graduate in Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

aad59mail@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Quality of working life has an effective role in establishing knowledge management, so organizations should pay attention to it because if quality of working life be much better, the establishment of knowledge management will be more successful. This study was aimed to assess the quality of working life and relationship between its components and knowledge management from the perspective of senior and junior managers in hospitals covered by Medical Sciences University of Ahwaz Jundishapur. The present study is a descriptive - analytic and Sectional study that was took place in five Educational Hospitals which were affiliated by Medical Sciences University of Ahwaz in 1390. 56 junior and senior managers formed the study population. Data collection tool were a questionnaire consisting of three sections. Data analysis was performed by SPSSv16 and by using descriptive statistics and Pearson and Spearman correlation test. quality of working life with 22/3 and knowledge management with 3 in the average were in the mediocre level. Among quality of working life indicators, workspace with the average of 3.63 was at the highest status and material privileges with the average of 2.70 were at the lowest position. Participation in decision making, with correlation coefficient of 0.7, and workspace with a correlation coefficient of 09/0 showed statistically the highest and lowest correlation with knowledge management. Among different quality of working life Components, workspace by p-value =0.48, showed no significant relationship with knowledge management. Considering the high participation component in employee decision making was more important, it is recommended that improving programs of working life quality in hospitals affiliated to universities considered in the research, focus on development and improvement of these components. Hospital directors and staff participation in decision making and determining parameters of working life quality program can Increased utilization of managers` knowledge and information, and thus lead to better decisions to be made.

[Azadeh Ahmadi Dashtian, Masoude Asl Iravan, Nazari Aslan, Nazari Hamed, Raadabadi Mehdi, Moghadami Fard Zeinab. Evaluation of Quality of working life in teaching hospitals in Ahwaz Medical University and its relationship with knowledge management from the perspective of senior and junior managers in hospitals. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5295-5301] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 788

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.788

 

Key words: quality of working life, knowledge management, Educational Hospital

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Gap between the pattern of food consumption with interests in boy students

 

Abedi GHasem 1,* Ahmadi Azadeh 2, Zahedi,H 3, Rostami, Farideh1

 

1Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

2. Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran

3 Student Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

*aad59mail@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Many of habits and food’s profferings are forming in the age of adolsece and youth. One of the most important obstruction’s factors of degenerative disease in elderly, is following of balanced and accurate diets. The aim of this study was determining of Gap between the pattern of food consumption with interests in boy student’s in Mazandaran University of medical sciences in 2012. This cross sectional- descriptive study was done on 350 boy student in Mazandaran University of medical sciences. Researcher questionnaire was used to collect data. In order to comparison of food consumtions with students interest in the main meal and the middle meals and also all of food’s goods used of t-test and to comparison of gap number in main meal food and middle meal food was used of repeated measurers and in order to comparison of the gap between consumption and interest of students who is living in dormistory and out of dormitory was used of one-sided variance test and Post Hoc test like LSD test. Result showed that there is difference between consumption and interests in five main meals (two middle meal and three main meals). Difference mean in three main meal and two middle meal is obtained (-14.3) and (-11.9), respectively. Difference between gap between food consumption and interests in three main meal was significant (p=0.0001).If education presents with food needs and attention to correct food’s pattern, habit and food resources, it could be hopeful about development of health education in university students.

[Abedi GHasem, Ahmadi Azadeh, Zahedi,H, Rostami, Farideh. Gap between the pattern of food consumption with interests in boy students. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5302-5307] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 789

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.789

 

Keywords: Gap; food patterns;interests; boy student

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The Paradigm of Mobile Government Establishment, Basic Necessity in the Third Millenary

 

1Amin Balaghi Inalo, 2Mehrzad Sarfarazi, 3Mehdi Rouhi Khalili

 

1PhD Candidate of Public Administration-Comparative and Development, Qom Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2Instructor &PhD Candidate of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran (Corresponding Author)

3MA of Public Administration-Human Resource Management

 

Abstract: In the new age that attention of all companies and institutions is following to representation of desirable and quick services to all of citizens, we can mention M-government as one of these services. Electronic government and M-government are not separate from each other,rather, M-government is subset of electronic government that is consist of tool for public operation from governmental services without time and local limitation. M-government makes the new methods for representation of governmental services to citizens that are more comfortable and cheaper than customary methods that cause presentation of desirable services of government to citizens. In relation to M-government, information and communication technology limit to mobile or wireless technology like, cellular cell phones, laptops and personal digital cooperators which connect to wireless regional networks. M-government can help to assemblage of public information and governmental services in everywhere and every time, whereas provide chances to improve the interior operations in governmental organizations. M-government has some premiums like, potential of disruption of frontier, help to creation one digital neural and solid system for government that extremely, cause the increase of efficiency and performance of government personnel, improvement of representation of governmental information and services, increase of channels for public transactions, decrease of cost, increase of participation through to decrease time and increase the communication efforts.This essay proceed the checking concept of mobile government and we try to specify citizen preparation in M-government usages and presenter services of M-government for citizens.

[Amin Balaghi Inalo, Mehrzad Sarfarazi, Mehdi Rouhi Khalili. The Paradigm of Mobile Government Establishment, Basic Necessity in the Third Millenary. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5308-5316] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 790

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.790

 

Key words: mobile government, developmental countries, mobile democracy, mobile government services, global village.

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791

Application of Mendel Accountant in Population Genetic Studies

 

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi 1, Kazemzadeh Fariba 2

 

1. Department of Basic Science, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

2. Young Researchers Club, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

mehdi_dna@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: During the last years gene interaction networks are increasingly being used for the assessment and interpretation of biological measurements. Knowledge of the interaction partners of an unknown protein allows scientists to understand the complex relationships between genetic products, helps to reveal unknown biological functions and pathways, and get a more detailed picture of an organism's complexity. Being able to measure all protein interactions under all relevant conditions is virtually impossible. Hence, computational methods integrating different datasets for predicting gene interactions are needed. Mendel's Accountant is an advanced numerical simulation program for modeling genetic change over time and was developed collaboratively by Sanford, Baumgardner, Brewer, Gibson and ReMine.Mendel’s Accountant (hereafter referred to as “Mendel”) is a user-friendly biologically realistic simulation program for investigating the processes of mutation and selection in sexually reproducing diploid populations. Using a standard personal computer, the MENDEL program can be used to generate and track millions of mutations within a single population.MENDEL provides biologists with a new tool for research and teaching, and allows for the modeling of complex biological scenarios that would have previously been impossible.

[Esmaeilzadeh M, Kazmzadeh F. Application of Mendel Accountant in Population Genetic Studies. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5317-5320] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 791

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.791

 

Keywords: Mendel’s Accountant, Mutation, Population Genetics

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792

Histological and ultrastructural studies on the effect of Costus Plant and Amphotericin B on male lung rats infected by Aspergillus niger

 

Sanna A, khalifa, Rahma A Al-Elyani and Dalia M, Domiaty

 

*Dept, of Zoology, Faculty of Science, K.A.U, Jeddah. skhalifa@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: This work amid to study the use of costus plant in the treatment of pulmonary infection caused by Aspergillus niger instead of the chemical drug (Amphotericin B), The experiments were conducted using 90 white male rats that were divided into the following groups: Group one consisted of the control 30 rats which orally administrated with distilled water. Group two comprised 10 rats treated with the fungus suspension. (0.4mg/ kg b.wt.) Group three comprised 40 rats treated with costus plant extract and divided into four subgroups. Group four comprised 20 rats treated with Amphotericin B (0.2mg/ kg) which was divided into two subgroups, then sacrificed and dissected. Then biopsies were taken from the lunges of the various groups of rats and placed in various fixatives in order to conduct the histological and ultrastructural studies. It could be observed from examination of the histological and ultrastructural sections of the lungs of the rats infected with the fungus, the appearance of numerous lymph inflammations especially around the bronchioles. In addition, some reduced with degenerative walls, In case of rats treated with costus extract, the lung tissues appeared normal. Also the rats infected with fungus then treated with costus, the interstitial tissues nearly restored its normal shape and appeared free from cytoplasmic degeneration. On the other sides the histological and ultrastructural sections of rats treated with Amphtericin B after fungus infection showed deformed lung tissues.

[Sanna A, khalifa, Rahma A Al-Elyani and Dalia M, Domiaty. Histological and ultrastructural studies on the effect of Costus Plant and Amphotericin B on male lung rats infected by Aspergillus niger. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5321-5338] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 792

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.792

 

Keywords: Aspergillus niger (Aspergillosis) - Costus Plant - Amphotericin B – Histological and Ultrastructural studies - lung - male rats

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793

Assessment of quality of life in hepatitis B patients compared with healthy people

 

Abedi, Ghasem 1, Ahmadi Azadeh 2, Rostami Farideh 3

 

1. Health Sciences Research Center. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

2Sama Technical and Vocational Training Collage,Islamic Azad University,Babol branh,Iran

 3 Staff in Health Sciences Research Center. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

aad59mail@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The life quality in patients with hepatitis B is considered as a major concern in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the regression model of the life quality in patients with hepatitis B in comparison with healthy people from Mazandaran province.This cross sectional-descriptive study was carried out on 420 cases on two groups: hepatitis B chronically-infected patients and healthy peoples from six regions of Mazandaran province. The method of sampling was convenience in two groups. Measuring the quality of life carried out according to the world health organization questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Data analysis was consisted of multiple regression method and for comparison one-sample test of Kologroph- Smirnoph was used.Statistical analysis showed that the average of public life quality in patients with hepatitis B was weak (1<1.76<5) and in healthy people was evaluated average (1<2.94<5). According to results, fully integrated of the care program of these patients in network system, easy access and facilitating in intervention to improve the life quality is offered.

[Abedi, Ghasem, Ahmadi Azadeh, Rostami Farideh. Assessment of quality of life in hepatitis B patients compared with healthy people. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5339-5343] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 793

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.793

 

Keywords: analysis, quality of life, patients, hepatitis B, healthy people

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Comparison of the Low Dose Polyethylene Glycol with Lactulose and Magnesium Hydroxide in Constipated Children. A Multicentric Randomized Clinical trial.

 

Shahsanam Gheibi1, Mohammad Hadi Imanieh2, Mahmood Haghighat2, Hossein Niknahad3, Mohammad Sadegh Sayyafan3, Farzaneh Moatamed4, Mohammad Hussein Saneian5, Hasan Karami6, Mohammad Reza Esmaeili Dooki7

 

1. Department of Pediatrics, Urmia University of Medical Science, I.R.Iran. drgheibi@yahoo.com

2. Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Science, I.R. Iran

3. Department of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, I.R. Iran.

4. Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Science, I.R. Iran

5. Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Science, I.R. Iran

6. Department of Pediatrics, Sari University of Medical Sciences, I.R. Iran

7. Department of Pediatrics, Babul University of Medical Sciences, I.R. Iran

 

Abstract: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of very low dose of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG) with magnesium hydroxide (MOM) and lactulose in functional constipation of children. A total number of 468 patients 1-15 year old with chronic constipation entered a randomized comparative multicenteric trial. Subjects were healthy outpatients who had hard, painful or < 3 stools per week. Their parents were given a teaching pamphlet about constipation, diet and toilet training. The patients were allocated to 3 treatment groups; lactulose (70%) 1ml/kg/day/BID, MOM (400mg/5ml) 1ml/kg/day/BID, and PEG (40%) 1ml/kg/day/BID. The dose was adjusted up to three times depending on responding. Treatment scheduled for two months and data were collected on 2ed, 4th and 8th weeks. 354 patients completed the trial. After eight weeks, patients in the PEG groups had higher number of bowel movement (Pv< 0.001) and low straining at stool (Pv <0.001) than patients in two others groups. Patient’s adherences with PEG were better than lactulose and magnesium hydroxide (Pv<0.001). Soiling and blood on stool declined significantly in three groups (Pv<0.001) without differences among. There were no serious adverse effects. Thus low dose of polyethylene glycol 3350 was more effective than lactulose and similar to M.O.M for the treatment of functional constipation and better tolerated without any significant adverse events in children.

[Gheibi Sh, Imanieh MH, Haghighat M, Niknahad H, Sayyafan MS, Moatamed F, Saneian MH, Karami H, Esmaeili Dooki MR. Comparison of the Low Dose Polyethylene Glycol with Lactulose and Magnesium Hydroxide in Constipated Children. A Multicentric Randomized Clinical trial. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5344-5350] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 794

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.794

 

Key words: Constipation, Polyethylene glycol, lactulose, magnesium hydroxide, laxative, children.

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Human Activity Recognition System: Using Improved Crossbreed Features and Artificial Neural Network

 

Asmatullah Chaudhry1,2, Javed Ullah3, M. Arfan Jaffar3, Jin Young Kim1, Tran Anh Tuan1

 

1School of Electronics & Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

2HRD, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan

3Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan

asmat@jnu.ac.kr, javed.fact@gmail.com, arfan.jaffar@nu.edu.pk, beyondi@jnu.ac.kr, tuantran2610@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper, we present an intelligent method of human action recognition based on hybrid features. These features are calculated from the space-time cubes (interest points). The Blocks or cubes are derived from the difference of consecutive frames. These features include average number of blocks per frame, velocity of the blocks i.e. average angle and displacement, some of the kinematic features like divergence and vorticity, and hu features derived from motion energy images (MEI). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector. For classification, we employ artificial neural networks (ANNs), in which each action video is represented by a bag of features.

[Asmatullah Chaudhry, Javed Ullah, M. Arfan Jaffar, Jin Young Kim, Tran Anh Tuan. Human Activity Recognition System: Using Improved Crossbreed Features and Artificial Neural Network. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5351-5356] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 795

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.795

 

Keywords: Human activity recognition; PCA; ANNs

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Saudi Arabia Global Health Professional Students Tobacco Survey 2010–2011

 

Abdullah M.Al-Bedah1, Jamal A. Basahi1, Samar S.Ahmed2 and Nadia A. Mohamed3

 

1Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health- Tobacco Control Program

2Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University

3Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, South Valley University

 drs_samar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The Saudi Arabia GHPSS Global Health Professional Students Survey assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and other tobacco use, as well as it sheds the light on the role of health professional students and their school environment in prohibiting smoking. In addition to information about barriers of smoking cessation in health professional students such as early age of smoking, smoking urge especially within half to one hour of wake up, previous failed trials to tobacco cessation, and if they received help for tobacco cessation or not, insufficient knowledge of health professional students about smoking hazards and their inadequate training on tobacco cessation and it is treatment. It includes also attitude of health professionals towards tobacco cessation and anti –smoking campaign. Comparison also is made between health professional student’s smokers and non smokers to Environmental Tobacco Exposures “negative smoking exposures” at home and outside home. The Saudi Arabia GHPSS is a Health Professional Students School based survey conducted for the studying year 2010-2011. A two stage sample design was used to produce representative data for Saudi Arabia. At the first stage a census was done for all health professional schools. At the second stage all health professional students within all schools were surveyed. All health professional students were eligible to participate in the survey. Health professional students were interviewed through using self administered questionnaires containing multiple choice questions. Data entered and analyzed using Epi info software. The response rate for schools was 100%, the response rate of health professional students reached 90.8% as most of them were willing to conduct the survey. The survey concludes that the prevalence of cigarettes and shisha smoking is considerably high in Saudi Arabia's health professionals students especially among dental and pharmacy students and among males compared to females. It also concludes that the National Saudi Tobacco Control Program apparently working effectively, but still program activities needs to be intensified further to reduce smoking in health professional students especially nurses and physicians because of their great role in advising and treatment of smokers patients.

 [Abdullah M.Al-Bedah, Jamal A. Basahi, Samar S. Ahmed and Nadia A. Mohamed. Saudi Arabia Global Health Professional Students Tobacco Survey 2010–2011. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5357-5368] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 796

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.796

 

Keywords: Saudi, health professional students, tobacco, smoking, anti-smoking campaign.

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797

Study of Leucocyte Esterase Reagent Strips as a screening test for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

 

Khaled M. Hadhoud1; Mahmoud A.A. Ashour1; Osama M. Basha1; Fawzy A. El-Messallamy1, Alaa Anwar2, And Raghda Abd ellatif Hafez3

 

Departments of Internal Medicine1 and Tropical Medicine2, Microbiology and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. Egypt.

kamel_ashour2050@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (S B P) is a severe and frequent complication of cirrhosis with a high mortality rate. A bacteriological laboratory is not always available for all departments admitting cirrhotic patients with ascitis. It follows that alternative methods for rapid diagnosis of SBP are an urgent requirement. Objective: This study was planned to compare between leucocyte esterase reagent strips as a bed side test and standard manual polymorphnuclear leucocytes (PMN) counting in the ascitic fluid as regards efficacy and rapidity in diagnosis of SBP. Subjects & methods: The study included 100 patients with liver cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis C infection complicated by ascites and SBP. All patients were subjected to complete clinical examination, laboratory investigation that include CBC, PT, INR, LFT, s., creatinine and blood urea, pancreatic enzymes (amylase & lipase), ESR, tuberculin test, radiological investigations including CXR, pelvi-abdominal US and CT, in addition to specific investigations that include cytological, bacteriological and biochemical examination of ascitic fluid as well as examination of ascitic fluid by leucocyte esteras strips. Results: There was a highly statistically significance of leucocyte esterase reagent strips in diagnosis of SBP with high specificity 91.5%, sensitivity 83% and accuracy 88%. There was positive correlation (r = + 0.56) between ascitic fluid PMN counts and the corresponding result of leucocyte esterase reagent strip test which was statistically of high significance (P value= 0.000). Conclusion: It's concluded that the reagent strip testing of ascitic fluid is a very sensitive and specific method for diagnosis of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites. It can be used at the patient's bedside and is rapid, easy, inexpensive and results are available within a maximum of 120 seconds.

[Khaled M. Hadhoud; Mahmoud A.A. Ashsour; Osama M. Basha; Fawzy A. El-Messallamy and Alaa Anwar. Study of Leucocyte Esterase Reagent Strips in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5369-5375] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 797

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.797

 

Keywords: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), leucocyte esterase reagent strips.

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Evaluation of Some Fibrinolytic Factors for Assessment of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD) in Diabetic Patients

 

Mahmoud A. Ashour1; Hisham Mohamed Omar 2; Ola Aly Hussein2 and Nanis A. Salah 2

 

1Department of Internal Medicine, 2Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

kamel_ashour2050@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: This study was carried out in the Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 57 subjects classified into 3 groups. Group I: It included 13 apparently healthy subjects. Group II: It included 22 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. They were sub-classified into 15 NON Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD) and 7 LEAD. Group III: It included 22 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. They were sub-classified into 15 NON LEAD and 7 LEAD. All patients and control subjects were subjected to the followings: 1- Full history taking. 2-Complete clinical examination 3-Complete blood picture (CBC). 4-Prothrombin time (PT) and Partial thromboplastin (PTT). 5-C reactive protein (CRP). 6-Liver and kidney functions tests fasting and two hours postprandial serum glucose.7-Lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL- cholesterol).8- Specific laboratory investigations: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Assay of fibrinogen. Assay of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The results revealed the following: - There was no significant difference between all studied groups as regard age of subjects and duration of clinical diabetes. There was a significant increase in BMI in group III compared to groups I and II but no significant difference was found between group II and group I. t-PA was significantly increased in group II compared to group I but significantly decreased in group III compared to groups I and II. There was a significant increase in HbA1c in group II and group III compared to group I with no significant difference was found between group II and group III. There was a significant increase in fibrinogen in groups II and III compared to group I with no significant difference was found between group II and group III. There was a significant increase in CRP in in groups II and III compared to group I. CRP was also significantly increased in group III compared to group II. There was a significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol In groups II and III compared to group I and significantly lower in group II compared to group III. The level of triglyceride was significantly higher In groups II and III compared to group I, also triglyceride in group III was significantly higher compared to group II. The level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in group II compared to group I and significantly lower in group III compared to groups I and II. There was no significant difference between NON LEAD and LEAD in group II as regards t-PA but in the group III, t-PA was significantly higher in LEAD compared to NON LEAD. There was statistically positive correlation between t-PA and age and diabetic duration in total, NON LEAD and LEAD group II. There were statistically positive correlations between t-PA and age in total, NON LEAD and LEAD group III. There was a statistically positive correlation between t-PA and HbA1c in total group III. There were statistically positive correlation between t-PA and diabetic duration in total, NON LEAD and LEAD group III.

[Mahmoud A. Ashour; Hisham Mohamed Omar; Ola Aly Hussein and Nanis A. Salah. Evaluation of Some Fibrinolytic Factors for Assessment of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD) in Diabetic Patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5376-5387] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 798

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.798

 

Keywords: Fibrinolytic Factors, Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD), Diabetes mellitus

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Evaluation of Cystatin C, Fibronectin and Alpha-Feto Protein as Biochemical Markers in Patients with Liver Diseases

 

El-Saeid, M. E. El-Bawab1, Mousa, M. Moustafa1, Hamdy, M. Moustafa2 Ibrahim, H. Mohamed1, Magdi, M., Salama1 and Mohamed, H. Abd-Elzaher1

 

Medical Biochemistry1 and Tropical Medicine 2Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University

elsaeidelbawab@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: We investigate the serum level of cystatin C as biochemical marker that can determine the severity of tissue injury resulting from chronic liver diseases. Also we investigate other two parameters - alph- fetoprotein & fibronectin- serum levels as biomarkers of chronic liver disease progression. Study design: This study was carried out on 66 patients (50 males & 16 female). We assessed serum levels of cystatin C, alpha-fetoprtotein, albumin, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, plasma level of fibronectin and HCV genotype. Results: We found that (a positive & a negative) correlations between serum levels of cyctatin C and plasma level of fibronectin (respectively) and progression of liver diseases. Also we found that a positive correlation between plasma level of fibronectin and both serum level of albumin and prothrombin time. We found a positive correlation between serum level of alpha-fetoprotein and liver bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. In addition we found that HCV genotype 4 was the prevalent type in Egyptian patients. Conclusion: Serum levels of cystatin C, alpha-fetoprotein and plasma level of fibronectin can be useful markers in long-term monitoring of the progression of liver diseases.

[Mousa, M. Moustafa, El-Saeid, M. E. El-Bawab, Hamdy, M. Moustafa, Ibrahim, H. Mohamed, Magdi, M. Salama and Mohamed, H. Abd-Elzaher. Evaluation of Cystatin C, Fibronectin and Alpha-Feto Protein as Biochemical Markers in Patients with Liver Diseases. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5388-5397] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 799

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.799

 

Keywords: Evaluation; Cystatin C, Fibronectin; Alpha-Feto Protein; Marker; Patients

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Teamwork Characteristics, Communication Structures, Supervision and Patient Safety in Special Care Units and General Wards in El-Minia University Hospital

 

1Wafaa Abd El-Azeem El-Hosany and 2Sanaa M. Araef

 

1Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

2Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing, El-Minia University, Egypt

 

Abstract: Aim of the work: To assess the opinion of nurse about patient safety, to compare the differences between the opinions of nurses working in general wards and special care units about patient safety and to determine the correlations between teamwork characteristics, communications, supervision and patient safety. Methods: The sample include of all nurses (n=60) working at medical (n=10) and surgical (n=12) wards and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (n=12), Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) (n=18) and Renal Dialysis Unit (n=8). Data collected was done through questionnaire forms of socio-demographic variables, Nursing Characteristics Questionnaire and Patient safety Questionnaire. Results: The majority of the nurses (65%) had experience attainment of 1-7 years. There was significant difference between the staff of general wards and special units regarding experience attainment. The majority of the nurses (81.7%) had educational attainment of Baccalaureate degree. Patients’ safety is significantly correlated with teamwork characteristics, communication structures, and supervision. It also is significantly correlated with overall Nursing response. Patient safety was significantly correlated with special units. The responses of the nurses ranged from undecided to disagree. There were significantly higher mean values of Teamwork characteristics, Communication structures and Patient safety of nurses who works at special units than nurses who works at general wards. Conclusions: The study confirmed the hypothesis that patient safety is showing significant positive correlations with teamwork characteristics, communication structures, and supervision of the studied nurses. Teamwork characteristics, Communication structures and Patient safety were higher in special care units than in general wards.Recommendations: (1) Cost-effective enhancement of the work environment of units and wards, focusing on management, leadership and teamwork could result in safer patient care. (2) Focus on the educational make-up of the workforce on wards in order to ensure the highest possible proportions of nurses educated to degree level would be beneficial.

[Wafaa Abd El-Azeem El-Hosany and Sanaa M. Araef. Teamwork Characteristics, Communication Structures, Supervision and Patient Safety in Special Care Units and General Wards in El-Minia University Hospital. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5398-5406] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 800

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.800

 

Keywords: Teamwork; Communication Structure; Patient Safety; Hospital

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Prognostic Assessment of P-Glycoprotein over Expression in Refractory and / or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Response to Cyclosporine A

 

Ashraf M. El Hefni1, Fouad M. Abu Taleb1, Khaled M.Hadhoud1, Mahmoud A. Ashour1 and Amal Ahmed Zidan2

 

 1Hematology &Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department

2ClinicalPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

kamel_ashour2050@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of tumor cells that arise from the hematopoietic stem/progenitor population within the bone marrow. Objectives our study was enrolled to assess p-glycoprotein overexpression in refractory and /or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and response to addition of cyclosporine A to chemotherapy. Patients and Methods this study was carried out at Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig University hospital during the period between July 2010 and July 2011. Forty patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia were classified into two groups, group (A): included 20 adult patients, their ages ranged from 18 to 60 years with median age 39 years, and they were treated with chemotherapy alone, group (B) included 20 adult patients with, their ages ranged from 20 to 61 years with median 40 years, they were treated with oral cyclosporine A in addition to the same chemotherapy protocol given in group A. All patients subjected to thorough medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory and radiological investigations and flowcytometry to assess p-glycoprotein overexpression. All patients had severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, neurological, metabolic disease, concomitant malignancies or uncontrolled infections were excluded from the study.Results P-glycoprotein was overexpressed in 22 patients with refractory or relapsed AML (55%), when the unpaired (t) test was applied to test the significance of difference between the mean value ± S.D of percentage of bone marrow blasts and Pglycoprotein overexpression, there was not any significant difference detected (t=0.08 and p=0.91). Chi square test (χ2) test was applied to test the significance of difference among different variables and P-glycoprotein overexpression. A statistically significant difference was found with cytogenetic study (Χ2 =8.5 and P=0.03) and response to treatment (Χ2 =8.02 and P=0.018). 13 patients were achieved CR (33%), 8 patients with PR (20%) and 19 patients with NR (47%) and when Chi square (χ2) test was applied to test the significance of difference among variables associated with response to treatment, a high significant difference was found with cytogenetic study (Χ2 =33.93 and P= 0.001) The mean overall survival in group B was more than group A but wasn't significantly different (P= 0.25) also no significant difference between overall survival and P-glycoprotein overexpression (P= 0.15), but there was highly significant difference between overall survival and response to treatment (P= 0.0014), also Chi square (χ2) test was applied to test the significance of difference among different toxicities which were occurred during therapy with patient groups, there is no significant difference was found conclusion P-glycoprotein was overexpressed in 55% of patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and provide prognostic indicator for response to treatment and addition of oral cyclosporine as P-glycoprotein modulator doesn't improve response to chemotherapy or overall survival.

 [Ashraf M. El Hefni, Fouad M. Abu Taleb, Khaled M.Hadhoud, Mahmoud A. Ashour and Amal Ahmed Zidan. Prognostic Assessment of P-Glycoprotein over Expression in Refractory and / or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Response to Cyclosporine A. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5407-5416] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 801

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.801

 

Key words:- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), P-glycoprotein (Pgp),Treatment response.

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802

Seismic Rehabilitation of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joints Using FRP Composites

 

Mohammad Zeynali Moghaddam

 

1. Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan branch, Zahedan, Iran

yashar709@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Unsuitable performance of concrete joints are important factors of destruction of concrete structures due to earthquake; thus strengthening and improvement of concrete joints can be a good solution to overcome with these factors. In this research, reinforced concrete joints strengthened with FRP composites are investigated. Also, by ABAQUS software, the effect o fusing different kinds of polymer composites sheets (FRP) with different reinforcing models on bearing capacity and displacement of plastic hinge location at the same time. To do this, at first a concrete connection in ABAQUS software with a CFRP layer is reinforced according to lab specifications and after the comparison of the results of software with the already done lab specimen, validity and precision of the software performance was considered. Then, 58 specimens of reinforced concrete joints were modeled in two states of reinforced and non-reinforced by FRP sheets with different reinforcement models, in addition by considering the effects of length, along fibers, binding and the material of fiber (CFRP-GFRP) were considered and their final bearing capacity was determined. The results reveal that using FRP for shear strengthening and increasing bearing capacity can be a good choice to reinforce and treat the structures. Also, the results show the maximum bearing increasing of reinforced connection according to reinforcement model in all the connection as entirely.

[Mohammad Zeynali Moghaddam. Seismic Rehabilitation of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joints Using FRP Composites. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5417-5427] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 802

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.802

 

Keywords: Concrete joints; reinforcement; FRP; shear strengthening; bearing capacity

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803

Seismic Rehabilitation of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Interior Beam-Column Joints Using FRP Composites

 

Mohammad Zeynali Moghaddam

 

Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan branch, Zahedan, Iran

yashar709@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Unsuitable performance of concrete joints are important factors of destruction of concrete structures due to earthquake; thus strengthening and improvement of concrete joints can be a good solution to overcome with these factors. In this research, reinforced concrete joints strengthened with FRP composites are investigated. Also, by ABAQUS software, the effect o fusing different kinds of polymer composites sheets (FRP) with different reinforcing models on bearing capacity and displacement of plastic hinge location at the same time. To do this, at first a concrete connection in ABAQUS software with a CFRP layer is reinforced according to lab specifications and after the comparison of the results of software with the already done lab specimen, validity and precision of the software performance was considered. Then, 58 specimens of reinforced concrete joints were modeled in two states of reinforced and non-reinforced by FRP sheets with different reinforcement models, in addition by considering the effects of length, along fibers, binding and the material of fiber (CFRP-GFRP) were considered and their final bearing capacity was determined. The results reveal that using FRP for shear strengthening and increasing bearing capacity can be a good choice to reinforce and treat the structures. Also, the results show the maximum bearing increasing of reinforced connection according to reinforcement model in all the connection as entirely.

[Mohammad Zeynali Moghaddam. Seismic Rehabilitation of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Interior Beam-Column Joints Using FRP Composites. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5428-5435] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 803

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.803

 

Keywords: Concrete joints; reinforcement; FRP; shear strengthening; bearing capacity

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804

A Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Angle and Initiation Point of Slope on the Base Flexural Moment in Seawalls under Random Waves

 

Ramin Vafaeipour Sorkhabi

Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Afshin Abasi

MS student of Hydraulic Structure, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

Omid Giyasi Tabrizi (Corresponding Author)

BS student of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

 

Abstract: Seawalls are one of the most important types of sheltering structures which are constructed along the coast line. The main exerted force on these structures is the random sea wave induced load during the storm conditions. In such conditions, free surface of the water has a time dependent irregular pattern which can be described by either a time series or an energy spectrum. The wave induced pressure on a seawall is random in nature and consequently, the internal forces produced in the body of the structure have a random temporal change. The internal forces can be minimized through changing the slope of the seawall in an either local or global sense. In order to study the effect of slope’s characteristics on the wave induced internal forces, a number of seawalls with different slope angles on their upper part have been modeled and analyzed subjected to sea waves, using the SACS software package. In the considered models, the wall is vertical between the base and the initiation point of the slope at the wall’s upper part. Different values have been assigned to the slope of the seawall with the increments of 5˚ ranging from 0˚ to 45˚ with respect to the vertical axis. Different positions have also been considered for the initiation point of the slope with the increments of 5 cm. The first position is at the base and the last one is at the surface of the wave. In order to increase the accuracy of results, the structure’s weight and the hydrostatic pressure have been considered during the analysis. The results show that when the initiation point of the slope is at the distance of half of the significant wave height from the water surface and the angle of the slope is 35˚, the base flexural moment becomes minimized and increase of the slope beyond this value will be no longer effective in minimizing the moment.

[Vafaeipour Sorkhabi R, Abasi A, Giyasi Tabrizi O. A Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Angle and Initiation Point of Slope on the Base Flexural Moment in Seawalls under Random Waves. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5436-5441] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 804

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.804

 

Keywords: Seawall, Random waves, Analysis of the wave induced dynamic response, Slope of the wall, SACS software package

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805

Prevalence Study of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Infection by Serological techniques in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

 

Redwan N A1; M M M Ahmed1, 2* and M B I Barnawi1

 

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

2 Nucleic Acids Research Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications. Alexandria, Egypt.

mmmahmed6@yahoo.ca

 

Abstract: Chronic liver disease is an important health challenge in the world, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are the main causes of liver insufficiency. HBV infection is a serious global health problem, with two billion people infected worldwide, and 350 million suffering from chronic HBV infection. The objective of this study was prevalence of Hepatitis B virus on Jeddah populations, Saudi Arabia. (HBV) was screened in serum and plasma by using Elisa test, samples were collected and stratified according to nationality into Saudi and non Saudi and according to gender into male and female and also according to age. Prevalence was calculated separately for each group and for studied population as a whole. Results showed that HBsAg were found in 6.11 % seropositive of sample in study populations, the prevalence of HBs Ag was higher in males than females it is 8 % among males and 5.61 % among females with significant difference (p<0.05). Also HBs Ag were found in 6.53 % of Saudi population and 1.79 % of non Saudi patient with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05).According to age results all positive samples were found in adult age while no positive sample at age under 15 years with no significant difference (p>0.05). Finally in this study we tried to draw attention through the study to create future strategies to deal with this virus and limit its spread in Saudi society. This study provides valuable information that can be used to examine the incidence of infection in the community and help focus the administration of a future HBV vaccine to appropriate target populations.

[Redwan N A; M M M Ahmed and M B I Barnawi. Prevalence Study of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Infection by Serological techniques in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5442-5448] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 805

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.805

 

Key words: HBV; virus; seroprevalence; ELISA; HBsAg

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806

Evaluation of Locational Marginal Prices in Electricity Market

 

Ramtin Sadeghi1, Payam Ghaebi Panah2, Iman Saadi Nezhad3, Amin Imanian4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sadeghi@iaumajlesi.ac.ir

 

Abstract: In electric power systems the constrained transmission leads to locally pricing for energy. This locally pricing is so called locational marginal prices (LMP) or nodal pricing. Locational marginal prices (LMP) are important pricing signals for the participants of competitive electricity markets, as the effects of transmission losses and binding constraints are embedded in LMPs. studying LMPs in electricity market is an important issue for independent system operator (ISO). ISO always analysis the system form different views for improving system nodal pricing. In this paper, LMPs are evaluated from different views and effects some factors on LMPs are tested.

[Ramtin Sadeghi, Payam Ghaebi Panah, Iman Saadi Nezhad, Amin Imanian. Evaluation of Locational Marginal Prices in Electricity Market. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5449-5451] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 806

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.806

 

Keywords: Locational Marginal Prices, Independent System Operator, Electricity Markets.

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807

Numerical Solution of Volterra and Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind by Using Variational Iteration Method

 

M. H. Saleh, S. M. Amer and M. H. Ahmed*

 

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

* dr.reem2@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In the present article, we apply variational iteration method to obtain the numerical solution of Volterra and Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The method constructs a convergent sequence of functions, which approximates the exact solution with little iteration. Application of this method in finding the approximate solution of some examples confirms its validity. We use the symbolic algebra program, Maple, 15, to prove our results.

 [M. H. Saleh, S. M. Amer and M. H. Ahmed. Numerical Solution of Volterra and Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind by Using Variational Iteration Method. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5452-5456] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 807

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.807

 

Keywords: Variational iteration method, Volterra and Fredholm integral equations of the second kind.

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808

Elemental Analysis of Hematite by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

 

A. El-Taher 1and W.R. Alharbi2

 

1Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azher University, Assuit 71452, Egypt

2Physics Department, Faculty science for Girls, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

walhrbi@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) have been used to achieve accurate knowledge about the elemental analysis of hematite. The samples were prepared for irradiation by thermal neutrons using the irradiation facilities of the TRIGA Mainz research reactor. The gamma-ray spectra were obtained by using a hyper pure germanium detector. The value of iron concentration in our hematite samples of 57.7 % is in fair agreement with the results reported by other workers. From the economical point of view the hematite field is suitable for iron production due to its high iron content. Altogether, 32 elements were detected both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition X-ray fluorescence XRF is used to detect other elements such as F, P, Si, W, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr not determined by INAA. In brief, the presence of any elements in higher or lower levels is contingent on the occurrence of its bearing minerals, nature of parent sediments and depositional environments of these sediments.

[El-Taher A. and W.R. Alharbi. Elemental Analysis of Hematite by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5457-5461 (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 808

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.808

 

Keywords: Elemental Analysis, Hematite, Neutron Activation Analysis, TrRIGA Mainz

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809

Preventive effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) Powder on hepatic steatosis in the rats fed with high fat diet

 

Ramin Kaffashi Elahi

 

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: raminazad56@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn.) powder on rat high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were treated in 4 experimental groups including: 1-healthy control group given standard diet, 2- high fat diet group for induction of hepatic steatosis, 3- high fat diet plus Clofibrate (320 mg/kg) as positive control, and 4- high fat diet plus Turmeric powder (5%) for protection of liver steatosis, at a period of 6 weeks. At the end of experiment, the groups were compared considering serum lipid profile, serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury and liver histopathological changes. The lipid peroxidation product and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured as indicators of antioxidation in liver tissue. After 6 weeks, high fat diet caused deleterious metabolic effects, including hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and liver dysfunction. Rats fed high fat diet alone showed increased activities of hepatocellular enzymes in plasma, significant decline in antioxidants, and elevated lipid peroxidation indices in liver. Turmeric treatment significantly reduced elevated markers of liver tissue injury and lipid peroxidation product (MDA), and brought back the liver antioxidants and the over accumulation lipids in serum towards normal. Histopathology of the liver confirmed the changes induced by high fat diet and the hepatoprotective effect of Turmeric powder. The results obtained showed turmeric powder exerts protective effects against hepatic steatosis in rats fed with high fat diet possibly through its antioxidant actions.

[Ramin Kaffashi Elahi. Preventive effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) Powder on hepatic steatosis in the rats fed with high fat diet. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5462-5468] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 809

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.809

 

Key words: High fat fed diet, Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.), Hepatic steatosis.

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810

Identification of the Etiological Agents of Onychomycosis in Tehran (2011-2012)

 

Mehraban Falahati1*, Zeinab Ghasemi2, Zaini Farideh3, Mehrdad Assadi2, Farzaneh Ahmadi4

 

1- Associate Professor of Mycology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2- MSc in Mycology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3- Professor of Mycology, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4- MSc Student of statistics, Paramedicine Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author’s E-mail: mehrabanfalahati@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Onychomycosis is one of the most common causes of dystrophycation of nails and comprises 30-50 % of nail diseases and is created by yeasts dermatophytes and saprophytic molds. Aim of this study was investigation of frequency of fungal agents in dystrophic nails of referring persons to mycology laboratory of Razi hospital in Tehran. This was a cross sectional study that was performed on 700 patients with dystrophic nails who were introduced to the laboratory. Sampling was carried out by non-probability and in access. Specimens were investigated by direct microscopic observation, culturing and if necessary complementary examinations. Relationship between variations deliberated by chi- square and fisher exact tests. Out of 700 introduced individuals with dystrophic nails 183 persons were contracted to onychomycosis, 104(56.8%) female and 79 (43.1%) males and more of them (31.1%) in the range of 50-59 of age wise. most of contracted persons were house holding women with distal subungual onychomycosis form (60.4 %).Yeasts with 110 cases (55.8%) and among them candida Albicans (42.7 %) were the most common etiologic agents of onychomycosis that were more often isolated from finger nails. Dermatophytes with 53 cases (26.9%) were more often isolated from toe nails and tiichophyton interdigital with (39.6 %) was the most common of them. 34 cases (17.3%) of saprophytic moulds and more often from toe nails were isolated and most common of them was aspergillus flavus. yeasts are most common causes of onychomycosis and more affection of house holding women to them probably is because of more contact of them to water and detergent that prepare background for affection to it.

[Mehraban Falahati, Zeinab Ghasemi, Zaini Farideh, Mehrdad Assadi, Farzaneh Ahmadi. Identification of the Etiological Agents of Onychomycosis in Tehran (2011-2012). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5469-5472] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 810

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.810

 

Keyword: Onychomycosis, dermatophyte, yeast, saprophyte, Tehran.

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811

Dynamic Stability Improvement in Multi Machine Power System by Using AVR

 

Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mehdi Nikzad, Behrang Yousefpour, Hossein Tourang, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

farahani_uni@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is a controller based on synchronous generator for controlling voltage in generators’ terminals. AVR can generally change the system dynamic performance and the effect of AVR on dynamic stability has been seldom investigated. In this regard, effect of AVR on dynamic stability is investigated in this paper. IEEE 14 bus test system is considered as case study to show effectiveness of the proposed method.

[Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mehdi Nikzad, Behrang Yousefpour, Hossein Tourang, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar. Dynamic Stability Improvement in Multi Machine Power System by Using AVR. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5473-5477] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 811

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.811

 

Keywords: Power System Dynamic Stability, Automatic Voltage Regulator, Synchronous Generators.

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812

A new optimization method for PSS design in New-England Power system

 

Mehdi Nikzad1, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani2, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar3, Hossein Tourang4, Behrang Yousefpour5

 

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

mehdinikzad28@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Power system stabilizer (PSS) design in large scale power systems is a critical issue and has always been investigated by researchers. In this paper a new strong optimization method named memetic algorithms is used to design PSS in a large scale power system. New-England power system is considered as case study to show effectiveness of the proposed method.

[Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour. A new optimization method for PSS design in New-England Power system. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5478-5483] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 812

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.812

 

Keywords: Memetic Algorithms, Power System Stabilizer, Low Frequency Oscillations.

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813

The Effect of the Quality of Information Disclosure on Profit Information content and the Book Value of the Equity of Firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange

 

Seyyed Majid Eslamzadeh1, Dr. Seyed Ali Vaez 2, Dr. Ali Ramezan Ahmadi3

 

1.Persian Gulf International Educational Branch-Islamic Azad University- Khorramshahr-Iran

2. Assistant Professor of Accounting, Persian Gulf International Educational Branch -Shahid Chamran University.Ahvaz.Iran

3.Assistant Professor of Accounting, Persian Gulf International Educational Branch -Shahid Chamran University.Ahvaz. Iran. Email address: majid.eslamzadeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper studies the effect of the quality of information disclosure on profit information content and the book value of the equity of 256 firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2002-2009. To this aim, and to determine if there is any linear correlation between the research variables, various tests such as Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests as well as Fisher, Limer, Hausman, Durbin-Watson, Wald, and Vaung’s statistics methods were used. The results showed that: 1) the incremental and relative information content of the book value is little; 2) the profit information content is significantly higher than that of the book value; and 3) the quality of information disclosure in the studied firms did not have a significant impact on the information content of earnings and the book value of equity.

[Seyyed Majid Eslamzadeh, Seyed Ali Vaez, Ali Ramezan Ahmadi. The Effect of the Quality of Information Disclosure on Profit Information content and the Book Value of the Equity of Firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5484-5496] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 813

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.813

 

Keywords: Disclosure, Return on Equity, Information content, Book Value, Net Profit

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814

Voltage Control by using STATCOM

 

Amin Imanian 1, Ramtin Sadeghi 2, Payam Ghaebi Panah 3, Iman Saadi Nezhad 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sadeghi@iaumajlesi.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is one the parallel FACTS devices which is mainly used to control of voltage in power systems. STATCOM is usually installed in a bus which suffer voltage drop. The researches have shown that STATCOM can successfully control the system voltage by injecting a relevant signal to the proposed bus where the STATCOM is installed. In this paper the ability of STATCOM in voltage control is investigated at a multi machine power system. An optimization technique is used to tune the proposed STATCOM controllers. The results are compared with the system without STATCOM. Simulation results visibly show the ability of STATCOM in voltage support.

[Amin Imanian, Ramtin Sadeghi, Payam Ghaebi Panah, Iman Saadi Nezhad. Voltage Control by using STATCOM. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5497-5500] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 814

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.814

 

Keywords: Static Synchronous Compensator, Voltage Support, Multi-machine Power System, Genetic Algorithm.

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815

Employed nurse’s awareness about nursing sighted tasks

 

Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani4, Ali Reza Mohajjel Aghdam2, Mohammad Sohrabi3, Padideh Malekpoor4, Delavar Dadkhah5, hamdallah alinejad6*

 

1- Msc in Nursing Education, ShahreKord University of medical sciences, ShahreKord, Iran.

2- Faculty Member of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran.

3- MSc Student in nursing, Social Security Organization, Atie Hospital, Hamedan, Iran.

4- MS in Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran.

5- MSc in nursing Emergency Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil Iran.

6- MS in nursing Education, Urmia Emam Reza Hospital of Social Security Organization, Urumia, Iran.

alinajad6@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Setting the nurse’s sighted tasks and clarifying communicative lines and their purposes help effectively to establish appropriate working conditions. Approved nurse’s sighted tasks are sensible and necessary for all nursing rankings and levels. Regarding this, a research for determining the nurses' awareness about nursing sighted tasks was conducted in internal and surgical wards in Tabriz selected hospitals. This survey was a descriptive study. 298 nurses were studied through a questionnaire that contained 40 questions in the form of self – reporting check list. 21 questions of 40 questions of the questionnaire were nursing sighted tasks; 19 ones were not. Reliability of the test was analyzed by SPSS14 statistical software during the study on 20 nurses. Inner correlation coefficient of questioner was 0.88. Most of the nurses were female (90.3%) and 69.5% married. 98.7% bachelor in nursing,and 90.9% of the nurses had BSc in nursing, 60.7% were under the professional responsibility insurance, and worked as nurses, respectively. The averages of nurses' ages and working background in nursing profession were 5.9 QUOTE   33.6 years and 73.13 QUOTE   108.3 months, respectively. Most of the nurses had average awareness about nursing sighted tasks, and Just 7.4% and 11.4% had low and good awareness. 67.4% and 29.9% of the subjects had known the presence of nursing duties composition very necessary and necessary. Overall, 97.3% of them have known the presence of duties composition very necessary and essential, and so these ones tended to be aware of their duties composition. Just 24.2% of the nurses had stated that there exists nursing duties composition. These cases can indicate the low level in-service education periods and also low nurses academic educations in this field. There are often ambiguous points in nursing activities which are arisen from working interferences with the other medicine professions in hospitals. Nurses are expected to do some procedure which is not their sighted tasks or they have not been trained enough about. Nurses ' activities in the affairs out of their sighted tasks and have done by system pressure have frequently led to complain of the nurses, and so this issue faces the nurses with so many difficulties.

[Esmaeili Vardanjani SA, Mohajjel Aghdam AR, Sohrabi M, Malekpoor P, Dadkhah D, Alinejad H. Employed nurse’s awareness about sighted tasks. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):5501-5505] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 815

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.815

 

Keywords: Nurses, sighted tasks, duties, composition, awareness.

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816

Effectiveness of Semmes–Weinstein monofilament examination for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening in Ahvaz, Iran

 

Shahram Baraz1, Hajiee Bibi –Shahbazian2, Masoume Salehi Kamboo3, Mahmood Latifi4, Jafar Moghadassi5,

Mostafa Javadi6

 

1. Doctoral Candidate, Diabetes Research Center, and academic member of Nursing

and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

2. Associate professor, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences,Ahvaz, Iran

3. MSc in nursing. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Masjedsoleiman branch, Iran

4. MSc, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences,Ahvaz, Iran

5. Faculty member, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Shahrekord, Iran.

6. Doctoral Candidate, school of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

javadi_m@razi.tums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Foot care prevention programs can reduce the occurrence of foot ulcerations and amputations. This investigation evaluated Effectiveness of Semmes–Weinstein monofilament examination for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening in Ahvaz, Iran. In this quasi-experimental design 150 patients with diabetes mellitus were recruited by purposive sampling. All patients were tested for sensory neuropathy using Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Examination. In the next phase nerve conduction velocity was examined. The sensitivity of Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament 10 g was 38.5-61.5% at sites 1-8, whereas the specificity was 77.5-95.5%. Monofilament was found to be simple, cheap and useful method and suitable for detection of sensory neuropathy in clinical examinations. Hence, we recommend screening of patients for neuropathy as soon as they are diagnosed with diabetes.

[Baraz S, Shahbazian HB, Salehi Kamboo M, Latifi M, Moghadassi J, Javadi M. Effectiveness of Semmes–Weinstein monofilament examination for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening in Ahvaz, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5506-5510] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 816

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.816

 

Keywords: peripheral sensory neuropathy, diabetes, monofilament, screening, nerve conduction velocity, Iran

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The study of students’ computer knowledge in the Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences

 

Mahmoud Mobasheri, Abolghasem Sharifi

 

Department of epidemiology and biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

ghasem_sharifi2007@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Today’s world is facing daily with advances in technology. Computer is one of the most important displays of such development. Nowadays, computers play a vital role in business, technical activities, and general fields of activity and the use of it has turned into an essential skill. The meaning of computer knowledge is the ability of a person to use a computer to get their required information for professional or general purposes. Just as literacy plays an important role in the individual and social life of people, computer knowledge is also unavoidable for students and computers are considered a change in the way of teaching. The purpose of this research was to study the level of students’ computer knowledge of students and to aid in educational planning. This descriptive – analytic research carried out on 300 students in Shahrekord university of Medical Sciences. Data gathered using standard valid – questionnaires containing demographic data of the students, and questions about passing a training course and their inclination on passing a course in the future. The gathered data was processed analyzed by SPSS13, descriptive parameters, Chi- square test, independent t- test and ANOVA. Sixty five percent of the students were female and 35% were male. Sixty percent of them had a personal computer. Most of their usage was to search the internet for information, searching for information through Medline and computer games; while the least usage was for programming, using Excel, using statistical software, and chatting online. 57.7% had passed a computer training course. The biggest students’ interest was to take part in classes for advanced searching and using Microsoft Office Word. The most computer knowledge belonged to the students of medicine and the least, to the family health students. This, of course, was directly related to owning a private computer. Computer knowledge was greater among native and daily students. This also was directly related to owning a private computer. There was not a significant difference between female and male student’s computer knowledge. A significant difference between female and male didn’t observe in having a passed computer course, possessing a private computer and computer knowledge score, whereas there was a significant difference between native and non-native students. The findings of this research indicates that the assessment and analysis of computer knowledge of students can determine the type and the content of the courses chosen for them, which is in turn essential for the improvement of their skill and knowledge of computer. Planning and putting an IT course is essential in the student’s educational curriculum with emphasis on how to search for scientific sources in the internet.

[Mobasheri M, Sharifi A. The study of students’ computer knowledge in the Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5511-5516] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 817

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.817

 

Keywords: Computer knowledge, students, IT.

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818

Suffering Sources among the Newly-Graduated Nurses at the Beginning of Their Clinical Work: A Qualitative Study

 

Forough Rafii1, Mahbobeh Sajadi hezaveh2, Naiemeh Seyedfatemi3, Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani4

 

1. Associate Professor, PhD in Nursing, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2. PhD Student in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)

3. Associate Professor, PhD in Nursing, Center for Nursing Care Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4. Msc in Nursing Education, ShahreKord University of medical sciences, ShahreKord, Iran.

sajadimahbobeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Suffering is an inevitable reality at the beginning of work that may cause several damages to the amateur nurses and health care organizations. Although suffering has been investigated in some studies, its sources among the newly-graduated nurses have not been investigated so far. The goal of this study is to investigate suffering sources of the newly-graduated nurses at the beginning of work. The present research is a qualitative content analysis study. The participants included 17 amateur nurses of Tehran educational hospitals. The data was collected through a semi-systematic interview. Sampling was made by using a targeted method and was continued until data saturation. All interviews were recorded and were then written down and were analyzed by using the qualitative content analysis method. Findings of this study showed that suffering is a joint experience among the newly-graduated nurses at the first months of their beginning to work. The findings showed the suffering sources among the nurses. Four main themes emerged in this study, namely non-preparedness for working, workplace, patients, and colleagues as the suffering sources. Experiences of the participants showed that suffering of the newly-employed nurses has extensive sources that affect their personal and professional lives. Understanding suffering sources of the newly-employed nurses can be an important factor in helping this group of nurses. Sensitivity of nursing managers to the reduction of these suffering sources and supporting the newly-graduated nurses are very important.

[Rafii F, Sajadi hezaveh M, Seyedfatemi N, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Suffering Sources among the Newly-Graduated Nurses at the Beginning of Their Clinical Work: A Qualitative Study. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):5517-5524] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 818

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.818

 

Keywords: Newly-graduated Nurses, Suffering, Clinical Work, Content Analysis.

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The studying of frequency of Anemia and its related factors among pregnant woman in Shahreza during (2010-2011)

 

Ramezani Y1, Mobasheri Mahmoud2*

 

1. Lecturer,MSc in Health education, Division of public health and statistics, Faculty of health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

2. Department of epidemiology and biostatistics, Faculty of health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Mobasheri@skums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: More than half of pregnant women and one third of non-pregnant women suffer from anemia during pregnancy. This research has been carried out in order to examine the frequency of anemia resulting from iron deficiency in women who referred to health centers of Shahreza during (2010-2011). In this cross - sectional study, 170 pregnant women in their forth to ninth months of their pregnancy were selected as the sample. Data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS. During the first half of their pregnancy 16.0% of the women suffered from anemia and 27.1 % had anemia during second half of their pregnancy. During the first three months of pregnancy,there was a significant relationship between the number of deliveries(p≤.02),the number of stillborn (p≤.03), the number of times red meat was used (p≤.04),the month at which iron pills were started being taken (p≤.02), family income (p≤.03) and taking folic acid before pregnancy(p≤.02) and during the third three month of pregnancy had a significant relationship between anemia history before pregnancy(p≤.001), the number of times red meat was consumed per week (p≤.002) and the number of eaten red meat slice in each meal (the amount of red meat eaten in each meal) (p≤.01). Anemia is very prevalent among pregnant women. Given that it results directly from iron deficiency, prescription of iron pills, removing influential factors such as malnutrition, pre-pregnancy anemia and numerous deliveries could greatly reduce the prevalence of anemia.

[Ramezani Y, Mobasheri M. The studying of frequency of Anemia and its related factors among pregnant woman in Shahreza during (2010-2011). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5525-5528] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 819

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.819

 

Keywords: Pregnant woman, Iron Deficiency, anemia, pregnancy cares

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820

Living ups and down: The Life Experiences of the Spinal Cord Injured in Winter Sport of Tube-riding: A Qualitative Phenomenology Research

 

Heidar Ali Abedi1, Fatemeh Ghani Dehkordi2, Mohammad Esmaiel Hajinezhad3, Mohammad Ali Najafi Khah4, Zohreh Ghezelsefli5, Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani6

 

1-BSc, MSc, PhD in Nursing, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

2-PhD Nursing Student, Faculty Member, Bushehr University of medical sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

3- Faculty member, Bushehr University of medical sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

4- MSc Student in nursing, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

5.Msc student in Nursing Education, Young Researchers Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

6- Ms in Nursing Education, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

safaraliesmaili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Winter sports are very entertaining, exciting, and pleasurable but they can be simultaneously very dangerous and hazardous with the high ratio of damages. The hostile environment, equipments, devices, and the athlete's lack of sufficient skills cause the increase in the amount of damages and dangers derived from them. One of the winter sports is tube-riding. Because the tube-rider does not have any controls on the tube with regard to the speed control, path direction, brake, and stop, it leads to the high amount of damages; therefore this study aims to investigate the life experiences of the spinal cord injured in the winter sport of tube-riding. The researcher used a quantitative approach of qualitative phenomenology in the study. The participants were the spinal cord injured who were selected among the injured of winter sport of Koohrang tube-riding piste in Chaharrmahal and Bakhtiari province. The sampling was aim based and finally through data saturation, six spinal cord injured were selected for the study. Data were collected by the interviewing the participants deeply and then were noted completely. Data analysis was based on Colaizzi approach. After analyzing the data, the life living up and down theme was elicited. The theme includes four subsets: 1) Physically living ups and down, 2) Mental, psychical, and emotional living ups and down, 3) Economical living ups and down, and 4) Social living ups and down. The obtained results of the study present a deep understanding of the life experiences of the spinal cord injured in the winter sport of tube-riding to the nurses and hygienic observers and also it is a warning for people and authorities to prevent and decrease the damages of this winter sport.

[Abedi HA, Ghani Dehkordi F, Hajinezhad MA, Najafi Khah MA, Ghezelsefli Z, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. The Life Experiences of the Spinal Cord Injured in the Winter Sport of Tube-riding: A Qualitative Phenomenology Research. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5529-5535] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 820

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.820

 

Keywords: Spinal Cord Injury, Tube-riding, Life experiences, winter sport, Qualitative phenomenology

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Wound healing Benefits of Curcumin for Perineal Repair after Episiotomy: Results of an Iranian Randomized Controlled Trial

 

Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani1, Fahimeh Sehati Shafai2, Parvin Mohebi3, Marjan Deyhimi4, Abbas Delazar5 Morteza Ghojazadeh6, Padideh Malekpour7

 

1. Msc in Nursing Education, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.

2. MSc in midwifery, Faculty Member of Nursing and Midwifery School, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.

3. MSc in Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.

4. MSc in midwifery, International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of medical science. Tehran, Iran.

5. PhD in pharmacogenosy, associated professor of pharmacy faculty of Tabriz medical science university.

6.PhD In Physiology, assistant professor of medical faculty, Tabriz medical science university.

7. MSc in midwifery, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical science, Tabriz, Iran.

 padideh_66@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Pain and discomfort related to episiotomy have been reported to interfere with women’s daily activities postpartum, such as sitting, walking and lifting the baby. To compare the effects of curcumin and Povidone-iodine solutions for episiotomy healing in primiparous women. 120 healthy primiparous women with a vaginal delivery at term were evaluated in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. Randomization was done using a table of random list numbers. Perineal healing was evaluated by research midwives blinded to random allocation at 24–48 hours and 10 days postpartum. Pain was assessed via a visual analogue scale and wound healing via the REEDA scale. Analysis was done on the intention-to-treat principle. The main outcome measure was the changes in wound healing between the two groups as measured by the REEDA Scale. Secondary outcome measures were perineal pain and wound healing 24–48 hours and 10 days after delivery. There was a greater decrease in the total scores of the REEDA in the curcumin group than in the Povidone-iodine (P < 0.001), however; there weren't significant differences between the groups on the VAS scores. The application of curcumin may assist in the episiotomy healing process and could be suitable replacement for Povidone-iodine.

[Esmaeili Vardanjani SA, Sehati Shafai F, Mohebi P, Deyhimi M, Delazar A, Ghojazadeh M, Malekpour M. Wound healing Benefits of Curcumin for Perineal Repair after Episiotomy: Results of an Iranian Randomized Controlled Trial. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5536-5541] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 821

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.821

 

Keywords: Episiotomy, Curcumin, Povidone-Iodine, Perineal Pain, Wound Healing.

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Depression and Demographical Features in Diabetic Patients

 

Farzaneh Sheikholeslami1, Rohangiz Norozi Nia2, Zinat Alsadat Mirpoor3, Abdolazim Tavakoly Vardanjani4 Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani5

 

1-Faculty member, Guilan University of medical sciences, Guilan, Iran.

 2- Ms in Nursing, Alborz University of medical sciences, Karaj, Iran.

3- Ms Student in psychology, Disable and Elderly Hospice Guilan, Iran.

4-Ms in Intensive care Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

5- Ms in Nursing Education, ShahreKord University of medical sciences, ShahreKord, Iran.

safaraliesmaili@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Depression is one of the psychiatric prevalent illnesses across the world. Depression is an illness which has a direct relationship with diabetes. The purpose of determining the level of depression among the diabetic persons referring to Rasht diabetes center. This research is a correlation – descriptive study which was conducted using the simple random sampling method within 3 months on 144 subjects of the social workers afflicted with diabetes referring to Rasht diabetes center in 2008.Data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first and second parts of the questionnaire consisted of demographic data and Back depression standard, respectively. Finally, the data out of this research were analyzed by using the SPSS version 15 statistical software and T-test statistical tests. Results showed that out of 144 subjects, there were 79.86 % female and 20.14% male, 16 people (11.1%) forty years old and younger, 18 people (12.5%) older than 65 years, and 2.1% single and 6.9% divorced.In one hand, in terms of education level, 47.9% and 6.9% were illiterate and educated, respectively. On the other hand, in terms of the illness type, 25 people (17.4%) and 75 people (82.6%) were afflicted with diabetes types 1 and 2, respectively.In addition, statistical tests showed that 35.41% of tester were afflicted with acute depression of which 88.23%,84.31%,and 84.33% were female, married,and afflicted with diabetes type 2, respectively. It was also shown that there is a significant relationship between depression and gender (p=0.004), marital status (p< 0.05), educations level (p<0.05), and jobs of the afflicted (p<0.05). The present study shows that there is a significant relationship between the depression in people afflicted with diabetes and their gender, marital status, educations level, and jobs and also 22.22%, 22.22%, 19.47% and 35.41% of the people were afflicted with weak, low, average, and acute depression.

[Sheikholeslami F, Norozi Nia R, Mirpoor ZS, Tavakoly Vardanjani A, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Depression and Demographical Features in Diabetic Patient. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5542-5547] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 822

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.822

 

Keywords: Depression, Diabetes, Beck test

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The effects of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on serum level of lipids, lipoproteins and paraoxanase 1(PON1) activity in hypercholesterolemia patients

 

Mohammad-Taghi Moradi1, keyhan Gatreh-Samani2, Efate Farrokhi3, Mahmoud Rafieian-Koupaei 4, Ali Karimi5

 

1Medical plants research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

2Assistant professor, Biochemistry research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

Biochemistry Research Center, Rahmatieh, Shahrekord University of Medical Science. Shahrekord, Iran.

3Cellular and molecular research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

4Professor, Medical plants research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

5Associate professor, virology department, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran

kgsamani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Taxonomic diversity of understorey vegetation (herb species) was studied in two evergreen forests, viz. oak and pine in the Kumaun Himalaya. In terms of taxonomic diversity, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the two dominant families in the sampling forest types. Maximum number of species was found at hill base and minimum at hill top in both the forests. The number of families, genera and species ratio observed for pine forest was of course higher with compared to the oak forest showed about the higher taxonomic diversity. Perennials form had higher contribution as compared to annuals forms indicated better ability to store up soil. Very few species (9 species) were found to be common indicates higher dissimilarity in both type of forests. Species richness (per m2) was higher in the pine forest than the oak forest. A high value of beta-diversity in the oak forest point out that the species composition varied from one stand to another. However, low concentration of dominance value in the pine forest with compare to the oak forest point towards the dominance, which is shared by many species.

[Moradi MT, Gatreh-Samani K, Farrokhi E, Rafieian-Koupaei M, Karimi A. The effects of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on serum level of lipids, lipoproteins and paraoxanase 1(PON1) activity in hypercholesterolemia patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5548-5552] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 823

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.823

 

Keywords: Portulaca oleracea L., Purslane, Paraoxanase1, Lovastatin

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824

The effect of Occupational Satisfaction in Mobarakeh Steel Company Employees

 

Hassan Palahang1, Iraj Soltani2, Masoud Nikfarjam3, Abolghasem Sharifi4

 

1.Psychiatrics Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

2. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Isfahan, Iran.

3. Psychiatrics Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

4. Deputy of Research Affairs, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

ghasem_sharifi2007@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Today’s human resources play an important role in achievement of society’s affair and there is a closely relationship between socio – economical improvements and occupational satisfaction. Occupational satisfaction refers to positive feelings and views people who have to their occupation. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of occupational satisfaction in Steel Mobarake employees. Statistical society of this cross-sectional study consisted of 6500 employees in Steel MobarakeCo. The study was carried out using online questionnaire. Data analyzed by SPSS software. Findings showed that almost in all scales of occupational satisfaction in comparison with 2010 was observed a striking increase. This study shows that there is a negative relationship between occupational satisfaction and employees' educational degrees as well. Since employees' satisfaction plays an important role in their effectiveness in society and workplace, it is important to consider their willing, because there is a closely relationship between motivation and occupational satisfaction.

[Palahang H, Soltani I, Nikfarjam M, Sharifi A. The effect of Occupational Satisfaction in Mobarakeh Steel Company Employees. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5553-5557] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 824

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.824

 

Keywords: Steel Mobarake, Occupational satisfaction, Employee, Motivation.

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825

The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students’ view: A qualitative study

 

Meimenat Hosseini1, Tahereh Ashktorab2, Mohammad HosseinTaghdisi3, Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani4

 

[1].lecturer, Dept. of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PhD student of International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran.

2.Associate Professor, Dept. of Medical –Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran.

3.Associate Professor, Dept. of Health Promotion, Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran.

4. Ms in Nursing Education, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.

T_ashktorab@sbmu.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Nurses have a key role in improving the client’s health and their lifestyle is effective in representing services to the patients and client. This study aims to investigate the nursing students’ perception about the effective factors on their healthy lifestyle. This study was done qualitatively with the content analysis approach and through 20 semi-structured and deep interviews with undergraduate nursing students of Tehran city. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed. Also, codes were extracted. Based on centrality, codes were put in a sub-category and then by reviewing sub-categories again, they were put in categories and finally, a theme was determined. During the process of content analysis, theme on the effective factors on nursing students’ healthy life style was revealed. The theme included 9 categories: “the perception of effective factors on health promotion”, “having enough time”, “inner factors”, “work-related factors or activity”, “environmental factors”, “knowledge and awareness”, “individual factors”, “social factors”, and “perceived priorities”. The participants believed that various and widespread factors affected their health promotion level. The extension of these factors demands the complete attention to different health dimensions and how to improve it by person, family, and community.

[Hosseini M, Ashktorab T, Taghdisi MH, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students’ view: A qualitative study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5558-5567] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 825

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.825

 

Keywords: Healthy lifestyle; Nursing student, Health promotion; Qualitative study; Content analysis

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Iranian Nursing Students Perspective of their Rights in Clinical Evaluation: A Thematic Analysis Study

 

Alireza Nikbakht-Nasrabadi1, Ali Mohammadpour2, Mahmoud Abbasi3, Mostafa Javadi4

 

1. Associated Professor of nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2. Assistant Professor of nursing, Gonabad Univercity of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.

3. Assistant Professor, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

4. Doctoral Candidate of nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

javadi_m@razi.tums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Nursing education has many challenges, one of which is the students’ rights in clinical evaluation. The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing students’ perspective of their rights in clinical evaluation. A qualitative study was conducted and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach to identify categories and themes in 13 nursing students (8 female and 5 male). After utilizing purposeful sampling data were collected via semi- structure interviews. MAXQDA 10 was used to organize and explore coded transcripts.The data were classified into four major themes: unawareness of own rights, unfair evaluation, unreasonable expectation & bullying, and unstructured evaluation. The findings indicated that the main concern of nursing students was lack of awareness of their rights. It is argued that nursing students’ bill of rights should be developed in Iran.

[Nikbakht-Nasrabadi A, Mohammadpour A, Abbasi A, Javadi. Iranian Nursing Students Perspective of their Rights in Clinical Evaluation: A Thematic Analysis Study Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5568-5574] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 826

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.826

 

Keywords: students’ rights, education, clinical evaluation, nursing students, thematic analysis.

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Study on effect of surface stroking technique on pain severity in Arthroscopic knee surgery patients

 

Masoud Nikfarjam1, Gholamreza Shabanian2, Parastoo Yarmohammadi3, Hedayatollah Leilahgani4

 

1.Psychiatrics Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

2.Anesthesiology Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

3. Msc Health Education, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

4. MSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

Lalehganihedayat@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Pain as a main social problem has involved millions of people. Usually pharmaceutical methods use for treating pain but they have side effects which make them less effective. surface stroking technique is one of the effective ways for reducing pain after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface stroking technique on pain severity in in Arthroscopic knee surgery pa­tients. This is a clinical trial study on 60 arthroscopic knee surgery patients who were hospitalized in men's orthopedic ward of Al-Zahra and Kashani hospitals. A two part questionnaire was used for collecting data. Samples were selected using easy continuity method and then they were randomly divided into two groups. In intervention group, besides routine treatments, patients were taking surface stroking technique by the researcher for 20 minutes each day and pain severity was evaluated before and after the surface stroking technique. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software. Results showed that there was a meaningful different between mean score of pain severity before and after the surface stroking technique in intervention group (p <0.001) but this difference wasn't meaningful in control group (p= 0.32). Also compar­ing the mean score of pain severity in both groups before any interventions showed that there were no meaningful differ­ences (p=0.34) but this difference was meaningful after interventions (p = 0.001). Considering surface stroking technique as a safe and effective intervention, it could be used as an easy, cheap and executable method for treating pain in all medical health care centers and even at patient's home.

[Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat YS. Study on effect of surface stroking technique on pain severity in Arthroscopic knee surgery patients Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5575-5578] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 827

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.827

 

Keywords: surface stroking technique, pain, orthopedics, patients

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On the functional limitation in below elbow amputation men using Mechanical and Myoelectric prosthesis via TAPES questionnaire

 

mA. Keivani Hafshejani1, M. Sattari Naeini*2, A. Langari3

 

1- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2-Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran

3- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

E-Mail: Sattari@gmail.com

 

Abstract: It is well established that the Myoelecterical prosthesis must also be effective, smart, light, strong and high permanence, compared to those of Mechanical prosthesis. It is time consuming and expensive that has ultimately led to significant increases in the price of Myoelecterical prosthesis. Therefore, considering the high cost of these prostheses should be decrease the functional limitation, hence assessment the functional limitations between two groups must be clear and explicit. Therefore this study was conducted in this regard. In this descriptive cross-sectional analytical study, to groups compared to each other from quality of life, participants was two groups of 20 below elbow amputation veterans that use from Mechanical or Myoelectrical prosthesis that refer to central technical orthopedic Kosar. For gathering the data we use TPEAS questionnaire. This questionnaire evaluates participants from 3 items: psychosocial adaptation, functional limitation and satisfaction of life. For data analysis use to t independent and ANOVA test. This research showed that there are significant differences between two groups from functional limitation. The findings identified that the Myoelecterical groups have lower functional limitation in compare to Mechanical group. So that the hypothesis of this research in terms of lower functional limitation in the Myoelecterical group was accepted.

[Keivani Hafshejani mA, Sattari Naeini M, Langari A. On the functional limitation in below elbow amputation men using Mechanical and Myoelectric prosthesis via TAPES questionnaire. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5579-5582] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 828

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.828

 

Keywords: TPEAS questionnaire, Myoelectrical prosthesis, Mechanical prosthesis, functional limitation.

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The comparison of psychological and social adaptation below elbow amputation men using a mechanical and myoelectric prosthesis by using of TAPES questionnaire

 

mA. Keyvani Hafshejani1, M. Javanshir2, M. Kamali2, MS. Ghasemi2, M. Emami3, S.A. Esmaeeli1, A. Langari4, M. Sattari Naeini5*

 

1- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3- Markaz Roshd, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran

4- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

5-Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran

E-Mail: Sattari@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Design and manufacturing of the Myoelecterical prosthesis in compared to Mechanical prosthesis must also effectively, smart, light, strong and permanence. It is time consuming and expensive that ultimately leads to significant increases in the price of Myoelecterical prosthesis. Therefore, considering the high cost of these prostheses, hence, assessment of psychological and social adaptation between two groups must be clear and explicit. In this regards, present study was conducted on this topic. In this descriptive cross-sectional analytical study, two groups compared to each other from quality of life, participants was two groups of 20 below elbow amputation veterans that use from Mechanical or Myoelectrical prosthesis that refer to central technical orthopedic Kosar. For gathering the data we use TPEAS questionnaire. This questionnaire evaluates participants from 3 items: psychosocial adaptation, functional limitation and satisfaction of life. For data analysis use to t independent and ANOVA test. This research showed that there are significant differentiations in psychosocial adaptation between two groups. The findings identified that Myoelecterical group higher psychosocial and social adaptation in compare to Mechanical group. So that the hypothesis of this research in terms of higher psychological and social adaptation in the Myoelecterical group was accepted.

[Keyvani Hafshejani mA, Javanshir M, Kamali M., Ghasemi MS, Emami M, Esmaeeli SA, Langari A., Sattari Naeini M. The comparison of psychological and social adaptation below elbow amputation men using a mechanical and myoelectric prosthesis by using of TAPES questionnaire. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5583-5587] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 829

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.829

 

Keywords: TPEAS questionnaire, Myoelectrical prosthesis, Mechanical prosthesis, psychological and social adaptation

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830

The comparison of satisfaction of prosthesis in below amputation men using a mechanical and Myoelectric prosthesis by using of TAPES questionnaire

 

mA. Keivani Hafshejani1, M. Sattari Naeini*2, A. Langari3

 

1- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

2-Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran

3- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

E-Mail: Sattari@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Design and manufacturing of the Myoelecterical prosthesis (in compared to Mechanical prosthesis) is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, considering the high cost of these prostheses should be increase the satisfaction of prosthesis. This study was conducted on assessing the quality of life between two groups. The two groups compared from the aspect of quality of life. The participants were categorized in two groups of 20 below elbow amputation veterans that use from Mechanical or Myoelectrical prosthesis that refer to central technical orthopedic Kosar. For gathering the data we use TPEAS questionnaire. This questionnaire evaluates participants from 3 items: psychosocial adaptation, functional limitation and satisfaction of life. For data analysis use to t independent and ANOVA test. The obtained results revealed that there are significant differentiations in prosthesis satisfaction. This identified that the Myoelecterical groups have upper prosthesis satisfaction in compare to Mechanical group. Therefore the hypothesis of this research in terms of higher satisfaction in the Myoelecterical group was accepted.

[Keivani Hafshejani mA, Sattari Naeini M, Langari A. The comparison of satisfaction of prosthesis in below amputation men using a mechanical and Myoelectric prosthesis by using of TAPES questionnaire. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5588-5592] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 830

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.830

 

Keywords: TPEAS questionnaire, Myoelectrical prosthesis, Mechanical prosthesis, satisfaction of prosthesis.

 

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831

The Instability of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Probes near Graphite Sheets

 

Alireza Vahdati*, Mehdi Vahdati

 

Mechanical group, Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran

E-Mail: alirezavahdaty@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper the deflection and instability of a freestanding carbon nanotube (CNT) probe/sensor in the vicinity of the graphene layers are investigated. Modeling the buckling of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) probes/actuators in the vicinity of thin and thick graphite has been carried out using numerical finite difference method. A hybrid nano-scale continuum model based on Lennard-Jones potential is applied to simulate the intermolecular force-induced deflection of MWCNT. Minimum nanotube-graphite initial gap and stable length of freestanding CNT are determined as basic parameters for engineering applications and nano-devices design. The stable length of MWCNT is determined as a function of its geometrical and material characteristics, initial gap and number of graphene layers.

 [Vahdati A, Vahdati M. The Instability of of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Probes Near Graphite Sheets. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5593-5596] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 831

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.831

 

Keywords: Nanomaterials; Buckling; CNT

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832

The Instability and of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube with Small Number of Layers Probes Near Graphite Sheets

 

Alireza Vahdati*, Mehdi Vahdati

 

Mechanical group, Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran; alirezavahdaty@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper the deflection and instability of a freestanding carbon nanotube (CNT) probe/sensor in the vicinity of the graphene layers are investigated. Modeling the buckling of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) probes/actuators in the vicinity of thin and thick graphite has been carried out using numerical finite difference method. A hybrid nano-scale continuum model based on Lennard-Jones potential is applied to simulate the intermolecular force-induced deflection of MWCNT. Minimum nanotube-graphite initial gap and stable length of freestanding CNT are determined as basic parameters for engineering applications and nano-devices design. The stable length of MWCNT is determined as a function of its geometrical and material characteristics, initial gap and number of graphene layers.

 [Vahdati A, Vahdati M. Numerical Study of the Buckling of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Probes Near Graphite Sheets. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5597-5600] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 832

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.832

 

Keywords: Nanomaterials; Buckling; CNT

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833

Heparin effects on mobility problems of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients

 

Jivad N1, Mandana Moghni2, Abbas Azari Beni3, Maryam Shahrifar4,Mojtaba Azimian*5

 1 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

2 Faculty Member, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

3 Ms Student in Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.

4 Mrc, Islamic Azad University Urmia, Iran.

5 University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mazimian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Ischemia is the most common cause of it which is being treated by combined therapy. One important management of acute stroke candidate for recanalization (r-TPA) that can perform for some patient with special condition in 3 to 4/5hours of onset in a few centers in Iran. there are many studies with different results regard to anti-coagulant therapy in acute stroke. The aim of this study was determination of heparin effects on mobility problems among non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. In regard of absence of diagnostic tools & teams of acute ischemic stroke treatments with r-TPA. In a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 60 non-hemorrhagic stroke patients in Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord were randomly assigned in according to scale definition of NIHSS(part 5 & 6: motor arms & legs) into two groups with same motor signs(0=no drift – 1=drift – 2 = cant’s resist gravity-3 =no efforts against gravity- 4 = no movement UN=untestable): experiment and control groups. While experiment group were subcutaneous received 5000 to 10000 unit BID every day for 3 days +aspirin 100-325 mg, control group were received only 100-325 mg aspirin. Muscular power and dyspnea &pulses of peripheral veins for evaluation of lung emboli & DVT and radiological data in CT(the first and third days) were evaluated after 3 days in two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in age, gender, power of all limbs, and duration of hospitalization. There was no significant difference between two groups in muscular power of upper and lower limbs in first day, but it was significant in the third day. In comparison of the muscular power of limbs of patients less than 55 years between two groups, there was no significant difference in the first day; however, it was significant in the third day. For patients more than 55, the significant difference was seen only in the third day in the power of left side limbs.

This study recommends using heparin in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients which is more efficient than using only aspirin. [Jivad N, Moghni M, Azari Beni A, Shahrifar M, Azimian M. Heparin effects on mobility problems of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5601-5604] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 833

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.833

 

Keywords: Stroke, heparin, Mobility problems, non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.

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834

Buckling of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Probes with Small Number of Layers near Graphite Sheets

 

Alireza Yekrangi*, Elyas Mohammadian

 

Mechanics group, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar Iran

Email: Yekrangi_ali@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Herein, deflection and instability of a freestanding carbon nanotube (CNT) probe/sensor in the vicinity of the graphene layers are investigated. Modeling the buckling of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) probes/actuators with small number of layers in the vicinity of thin and thick graphite has been carried out using numerical finite difference method. A hybrid nano-scale continuum model based on Lennard-Jones potential is applied to simulate the intermolecular force-induced deflection of MWCNT. The deflection of freestanding MWCNT near graphen plate and critical values of MWCNT tip deflection and MWCNT-graphite attraction at the onset of the instability are computed.

[Yekrangi A, Mohammadian E. Buckling of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Probes with Small Number of Layers near Graphite Sheets. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5605-5609] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 834

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.834

 

Keywords: Nanomaterials; Buckling; CNT

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835

Activity Concentrations of Natural Radionuclides in Sedimentary Rocks from North of Arabian Shield (Hail), Saudi Arabia

 

AfafA.Fakeha

 

King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

afafageha@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Sedimentary rock geological and radioactivity studies are important for their use as raw materials in the construction industry.Six samples were collected from south of Hail at the east and north of the Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia. Their coordinates between Lat. N: 2600409.1 to N:280 59 01.3 and long. E:430 3516.1to E:4501959.3. Samples were analyzed by XRD for the mineral constituents. X-RD results give the major, minor and trace minerals, the major mineral is calcite (CaCo3), Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), and Quartz(SiO2), with minor and trace concentrations. Also, the dried samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer for the Al, Ca, K, Bi, Pb, andTh, concentrations in ppm and/or percent.Results give concentrations in percent and ppm ranging from 0.10 to 0.68, 3.16 to 33.53, and 0.13 to 0.31 in %, and <10, <7.5 to 1756.38, and <1 in ppm respectively. Using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy, the activities concentrations Bq/.kg dry weight for the 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 235U and 40K, ranged from 176.10 QUOTE  0.07 to 222.86 QUOTE  0.21, 28.34 QUOTE  0.11 to 231.04 QUOTE  0.05, 08.66 QUOTE  0.17 to 137.84 QUOTE  0.04, 09.35 QUOTE  0.03 to 12.69 QUOTE  0.03, 78.27 QUOTE  0.23 to 202.21 QUOTE  0.04 with mean values 199.18 QUOTE   109.01 QUOTE  0.07,37.96 QUOTE  0.10, 11.47 QUOTE  0.02, and 123.57 QUOTE  0.13 respectively.For theRaEq (Bq/kg) ranged from 59.193 to 438.615 with mean value 172.810 which is lowr than 370Bq/kg, the permissible limit (UNSCEAR, 2000). The mean values of the annual effective dose (Deff(mSv/y) was found to be less than one (0.096) which is within the worldwide mean values(QUOTE  1for Deff (mSv/y) (UNSCEAR, 2000).

[AfafA. Fakeha. Activity Concentrations of Natural Radionuclides in Sedimentary Rocks from North of Arabian Shield (Hail), Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5610-5614] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 835

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.835

Key words: Dolomite rock, Sand stone, high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy, Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia

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836

Measuring chlorophyll content in corn leaves at soil salinity conditions by using spectrophotometer and its correlation with plant yield.

 

Davar Molazem1, Jafar Azimi*2, Marefat Ghasemi2, Mohsen Hanifi2 and Ali Khatami2

 

E-mail d.molazem@iau-astara.ac.ir

1. Department of Agriculture Astara branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

2. Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 

Abstract: Salinity is one of the environmental limiting factors in agricultural product producing. So the investigation of the plants and finding some method to resist the plants against salinity stress is very important. Considering Iran and Azerbaijan as origin countries in Astara region, and in order to study the effects of salt stress (NACL) on, leaf relative water content (LRWC), Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b Content and yield of 8 maize cultivars were experimented in three replications on the basis of randomized complete block design in three years (2007-2009). Results from the experiment showed that, between locations (normal and saline) in all traits, significant differences were seen. Between varieties in all traits, significant differences were seen. The interaction between years and varieties, years and varieties and locations for all traits was not significant. Comparison traits in different salinities showed that in most traits, there are significant differences between genotypes. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, in normal condition was observed in S.C704 with 1.873 mg/g fresh weight of leaves, which was no significant difference with B73. Maximum LRWC in B73 was measured in normal conditions which were no significant difference with K3653.2, S.C704 and Waxy at 5% level. Between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and Ratio of Chlorophyll a/b significant positive correlations were observed in non-stress condition.

 [Davar Molazem, Jafar Azimi, Marefat Ghasemi, Mohsen Hanifi and Ali Khatami. Measuring chlorophyll content in corn leaves at soil salinity conditions by using spectrophotometer and its correlation with plant yield. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5615-5619] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 836

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.836

Key words: Salinity, Maize, spectrophotometer

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837

Branding, Solution for Iranian Pistachio’s Globalization

 

Mehrdad Alipour 2 and Seyed Mahdi Moniri1*

 

1.Young researcher club, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

2.Department of Managemant, Zanjan branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Seyed Mahdi Moniri, E-mail: Moniri_Mehdi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Iran pistachio’s share maintenance in the markets encounters some challenges considering new competitors presence. One of the collating procedures with incoming challenges is creating a brand (commercial name) for the product to be present in global markets. Good brands have consumer concession. Consumer concession means that the customers are loyal to the brands. A remarkable number of customers will want these brands even if other substitute goods with lower prices are supplied in the markets, and they will not accept the substitute items. The approach of the research in this article is descriptive- analytical method, and to collect the required information, the existent registered statistics in the country have been used. Creating a brand for Iran’s pistachio is one of the most important things that has been concluded from analyzing the materials and cases of this article. Also using a proper naming strategy is one other result of this research.

[Mehrdad Alipour and Seyed Mahdi Moniri. Branding, Solution for Iranian Pistachio’s Globalization. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5620-5625] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 837

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.837

Keywords: Pistachios, Marketing, Branding, Globalization, Iran

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838

The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Organizational Creativity among Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch in 2011-2012

 

Salimeh Tahooneh and Badri Shatalebi

 

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational creativity among faculty members of Islamic Azad University. It was a descriptive correlation study. Statistic population in the study was all faculty members of the university and it was 305 people, from the target population 172 people were chosen randomly. The sample size of the study was calculated through Cochran`s sampling equitation and it was a randomly stratified sampling. Data collection instruments were two standard questionnaires on intellectual capital by Bantis (2010) with 30 items and on creativity by Rensip (1979) with 50 items which were arranged by 5 point Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by assistance of supervisor and adviser and expert of Education. reliability coefficients were calculated by Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and they were 0.87 and 0.81 for intellectual capital and organizational creativity questionnaires, respectively. To analyses the data, descriptive statistic like frequency percentage, mean, and standard deviation and inferential statistic such as Pearson correlation coefficient and t- test with two independent groups and regression multiple analyses were applied. The results revealed that there is a meaningful relationship between human capital (r=0.099, p< 0.05), structural capital (r=0.176, p, 0.05), relational capital (r=0.180, p, 0.05) and organizational creativity (r=0.180, p, 0.05). Findings from regression analysis proved that among intellectual capital dimensions, relational capital has the most potency to predict organizational creativity. For other variables this relationship was not meaningful. Results also showed that among responses on intellectual capital, and organizational support there is no meaningful relationship according to demographic factors (age, sex, university, place of service, teaching experience, educational degree, scientific ranking).

[Salimeh Tahooneh and Badri Shatalebi. The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Organizational Creativity among Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch in 2011-2012. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5626-5632] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 838

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.838

Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Organizational Creativity, University.

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839

Analysis of the natural elements in Ardebil city topology and physical development

 

Masomeh Rasouli*1, Fatemeh Rahmani2, Ghader Golestani1 and Einollah yousefisadat1

 

1. Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

Rasouli_masom@yahoo.com

Young Researcher Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract: Studying of the cities geographical conditions especially the environment features in which they are placed based on them is one of the most important discussion that the present position recognition of the city problems and The future changes prediction are based on the recognition of natural elements or factors.The present research has been conducted for recognition analysis of the natural elements and its effect in progress and development of Ardabil city and also its potential possibilities in order to optimum development. In this research with use of Ardebil province urban general design (2007) and kinds of topography and geology plans as main tools in 1:50000, 1:250000 and 1:100000 1:250000 scales respectively we studied the development process of the city history natural and topography features and the patterns of Ardebil city development.These studies have shown that Ardebil city present development pattern has some limitations due to the existence of the elements such as industrial townships, unsuitable excretion of the waters, irrigation network to north-west wards and etc and it is not compatible with natural conditions and elements.While southern part of the city has the best directions and positions for development and progress from the structural patterns point of view.

 [Masomeh Rasouli, Fatemeh Rahmani, Ghader Golestani and Einollah yousefisadat. Analysis of the natural elements in Ardebil city topology and physical development. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5633-5640] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 839

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.839

Keywords: natural elements, topology, physical development, Ardebil

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840

A case Study of the relationship between social capital and organizational identity in Medical Sciences University, Shahid Bahonar University, and Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Iran

 

Badri ShahTalebi*[1], Zinat Ravangard2 and Mohammad Ali Nadi3

 

[1] Department of educational science-khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch-Islamic Azad university –Isfahan-Iran

2 Student of M.A. member of the Young Researchers Club, Department of educational science-khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch-Islamic Azad university –Isfahan-Iran

3 Department of educational science-khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch-Islamic Azad university –Isfahan-Iran

 

Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationship between social capital and organizational identity in Universities of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar and Islamic Azad University of Kerman with a descriptive correlation method. The research population was all faculty members of the University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University and Islamic Azad University of Kerman comprising 850 people. Then by using the Cochran’s formula (1994) and stratifies random sampling proportional to size, 256 individuals were selected to participate in the study. Data collection tools were the Nahapit and Ghoshal (1998) social capital standard questionnaire and the Annette (2006) organizational identity questionnaire. To study the formal validity of both questionnaires, supervisor and faculty advisors’ ideas and many subject specialists’ comments were used. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the social capital questionnaire was 0/82 and for organizational Identity Questionnaire was 0/85. For the analysis, descriptive statistics including frequency, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient, univariate t, ANOVA test and post hoc test were used. Results showed that there is a significant difference between social capital dimensions including structural, communicational and cognitive dimensions and organizational identity. Results of step by step regression showed that at the first step, structural dimension was the best estimator of organizational identity and at the second step were structural and relational dimension. Accordingly at the first step the relational dimension coefficient was 57/6% of the organizational identity variance and at the second step the communicational and structural dimension were 64/7% of the organizational identity variance. The amounts of social capital and organizational identity in all three universities were lower than the average level. Between the obtained scores of social capital and organizational identity in terms of gender, age, educational level, years of service and employment status of the respondents, there were no significant differences.

 [Badri ShahTalebi, Zinat Ravangard and Mohammad Ali Nadi. A case Study of the relationship between social capital and organizational identity in Medical Sciences University, Shahid Bahonar University, and Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5641-5651] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 840

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.840

 

Keywords: identity, social capital, cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, organizational identity, university.

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841

Green marketing, an attitude toward future for improving life quality

 

1Seyed Mahdi Moniri*, 2Bahman Shareghi, 2Seyed vahid Ataei and 2Alireza Zolali

 

1.Young Researcher Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

2.Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Seyed Mahdi Moniri, E-mail: Moniri_Mehdi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of marketing system is not to maximize consumption, givingmore choices to consumers, or satisfying the customers, but is to improve life quality as high as possible. The life quality not only involves the quantity and quality of goods and services but also it involves the quality of environment too.This issue is entered to all organizational dimensions and effects marketing, and leads to emergence of the concept of green integration.The necessity to produce ecological products and the need for green commercial activities, have led the companies to integrate environmental issues with marketing activities and strategies.

 [Seyed Mahdi Moniri, Bahman Shareghi, Seyed vahid Ataei and Alireza Zolali. Green marketing, an attitude toward future for improving life quality. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5652-5656] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 841

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.841

Keywords: green marketing, foresight, life quality

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842

Studying the Importance of Green Industry Formation for Decreasing Environmental Pollution

 

1Seyed Mahdi Moniri*, 2Bahman Shareghi, 2Seyed vahid Ataei and 2Alireza Zolali

 

1. Young Researcher Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

2. Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Seyed Mahdi Moniri, E-mail: Moniri_Mehdi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nowadays, it is believed that we must establish our industrial plans based on our evaluation of their environmental impacts, in a way that we can predict the environmental consequences and the manner in which these schemes can damage the environment. In developing countries, the environmental impacts of the industry have less been regarded, because it is assumed that these industries are of less footprints due to their small scales; but it is noteworthy that although the small-scaled industries are not of meaningful impacts on environment at national or international levels, but their local and regional consequences are high. At the present paper, we try to present some solutions for exiting from the environmental crisis of the industry.

[Seyed Mahdi Moniri, Bahman Shareghi, Seyed vahid Ataei and Alireza Zolali. Studying the Importance of Green Industry Formation for Decreasing Environmental Pollution. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5657-5661] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 842

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.842

Key words: industry, environment, environmental pollution, green marketing

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843

Comparison of soft contact lens and rigid gas permeable lens fitting after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

 

John Ching-Jen Hsiao1,2,*, An-Chi Hung3

 

1 School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan

3 Star iCare Vision Center, Taipei City, Taiwan

 

johncjhsiao@yahoo.com.tw

 

Abstract: Despite the accuracy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), a portion of patients will remain partially under-corrected or over-corrected following the surgery. For these patients, contact lenses maybe the best conservative option for visual rehabilitation and sustainability of minimum level of the binocular vision post operation. Due to the fact that cornea contour has been changed after Lasik surgery, fitting lenses on these corneas can be one of the most difficult challenges in the art of contact lens fitting. In general, patients with minor regular astigmatism may be fitted successfully with spherical or toric soft contact lenses. Patients with corneal irregularities should be fitted with rigid gas permeable lenses of traditional 3 or 4 curves or special designs such as keratoconus lens or reverse geometry lens. [John Ching-Jen Hsiao, An-Chi Hung. Comparison of soft contact lens and rigid gas permeable lens fitting after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Life Sci J. 2012, 9(4):5662-5665 ] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 843

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.843

 

Keywords: Keratoconus, Irregular astigmatism, Contact lens care

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844

The effect of the water level decline on the ground waters quality in Ardabil plain

 

Masomeh Rasouli*, Roqieh Rasouli, Ghader Golestani, Ali Akbari sula and Kambize khaddam

 

Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Rasouli_masom@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Today, the most part water consumptions of Ardabil plain and the remote villages (which haven´t tap water) are supplied from sections of agriculture, drinking and industry. This research objective is the study of water level declines effect on the ground waters quality in Ardabil plain. According to the conducted studies, It has about 11 meters decline which has been encountered with tank loss in about cubic meters seriously. Therefore, Ardabil plain ground waters quality studied with use of 44 wells chemical analysis results. In this research, the most emphasis was on the parameters such as electrical conductivity ability, sodium (Na) absorption ratio, Total solid solutions, hardness and also ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Hco3-, CL, SO42-, ions.With considering of the decline level effect in the ground waters that Ardabil plains ground waters quality from drinking uses is medium to good level and from irrigation point of view is in desirable level according to wilcox classification.

 [Masomeh Rasouli, Roqieh Rasouli, Ghader Golestani, Ali Akbari sula and Kambize khaddam. The effect of the water level decline on the ground waters quality in Ardabil plain. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5666-5674] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 844

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.844

key words: Ground waters, Decline, Ardabil plain, Quality

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845

The Effect of Interpersonal Therapy on Reducing Negative Feelings, the Degree of Forgiveness and Restoring Confidence among Women Afflicted with Marital Infidelity

 

Mehravar Momeni Javid a, Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi b, Fariba Ebrahimi Tazekand c and Negar Bahmanid

 

a, Depatment of Counseling, Alzahra University,Tehran,Iran

b, Depatment of Counseling, Shahid Chamran University,Ahvaz, Iran.,

c, Depatment of Counseling, Alzahra University,Tehran,Iran

d, Depatment of Counseling, Allame Tabatabaie university, Tehran, Iran.

Corresponding Author:

 Mehravar Momeni Javid, Mehravarmomeni_psy_au@yahoo.com, 09123947746

 

Abstract: Infidelity discussed as one of the important problems in marital relationship and the most important reason for divorce and also is a complex treatment for family counselor. The purpose of this study is the effect of interpersonal therapy on reducing negative feelings, the degree of forgiveness and restoring confidence among women afflicted with marital infidelity. Method of research was semi-experimental (pre-Test, Post-Test) with control group. Participants were all betrayed women who have recourse to Tehran family counseling clinics in 2010-2011. Sampling was purposeful in which 16 women who have higher score in forgiving the infidelity of the spouse questionnaire were selected and randomly divided into two groups (8 subjects each). Experimental group received 8 sessions of interpersonal therapy once a week. A tool of research was forgiving the infidelity of the spouse questionnaires with 25 questions. Its three subscales consist of Negative Feelings, the Degree of Forgiveness and Restoring Confidence. Covariance & Mancova analysis were used for data analysis. The results of this study showed the significant effect of interpersonal therapy on Reducing Negative Feelings, increasing Degree of Forgiveness and Restoring Confidence among Women Afflicted with Marital Infidelity. (p<0.05)

 [Mehravar Momeni Javid, Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi, Fariba Ebrahimi Tazekand and Negar Bahmani. The Effect of Interpersonal Therapy on Reducing Negative Feelings, the Degree of Forgiveness and Restoring Confidence among Women Afflicted with Marital Infidelity. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5675-5679] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 845

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.845

Keywords: marital infidelity, interpersonal therapy, reducing negative feelings, degree of forgiveness, restoring confidence

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846

Condition Monitoring using Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Logic by Vibration Signals

 

Maryam Nassser1 and Masoud Mohammadi2

 

1- Ph.D Student, Factually of Science, Engineering and Computing. Penrhyn Road Kingston Upon Thames Kt1 2see UK.

2- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran

 

Corresponding Author: Masoud Mohammadi, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran, Email: Massoudmohammadi82@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Gearboxes are widely applied in power transmission lines, so their health monitoring has a great impact in industrial applications. In the present study, vibration signals of Pride gearbox in different conditions, namely, healthy, broken first gear, broken second gear and bearing fault are collected by a vibration sensor. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to process the signals. In order to identify the various conditions of the gearbox, fuzzy logic technique is used in decision-making stage. The results indicate that this method allow identification at a 96.25% level of efficiency. Therefore, the proposed approach can be reliably applied to gearbox fault detection.

 [Maryam Nassser and Masoud Mohammadi. Condition Monitoring using Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Logic by Vibration Signals. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5680-5685] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 846

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.846

Keywords: Intelligent fault diagnosis, J48 algorithm, Fuzzy inference system, Gearbox

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847

Relationship between Work holism and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Schools Employees in Sirjan-Iran

 

Ali Asghar Golzari1, Mohammad Montazeri2 and Eghbal Paktinat3

 

1Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran. Email: Golzare8181@yahoo.com

2Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran. Email: Montazer56@iausirjan.ac.ir

3Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran. Ighbalpaktinat@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Nowadays, work has been crucial component of human life. Every day people spend a lot of their time in organizations. Unlimited organizational pressures and desires force people to work continually and consequently increase possibility of work holisms formation in people. Work holism phenomenon in particular is experienced in jobs that require high mental energy from employees. The aim of study was to examine the relationship between work holism and organization citizenship behavior among teachers in Sirjan-Iran. The respondents were 200 teachers (100 female and 100 male) in the age range of 30 to 50 years old from selected school in Sirjan. The instruments used for data collection include Spence and Robbinse’s work holism questionnaire, and Konovsky and Organ’s organization citizenship behavior questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that work holism was significantly related to organization citizenship behavior. Also result of the t-test showed that males’ respondents had significantly higher work holism.

 [Ali Asghar Golzari, Mohammad Montazeri and Eghbal Paktinat. Relationship between Work holism and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Schools Employees in Sirjan-Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5686-5691] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 847

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.847

 

Keywords: work holism, work involvement, feeling driven to work, work enjoyment, organization citizenship behavior.

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848

The effect of logo therapy on improving the quality of life in girl students with PTSD

 

Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi a*, Mehravar Momeni Javid b, Fariba Ebrahimi Tazekand c and Shirin Khalilid

 

a, Depatment of Counseling, Alzahra University,Tehran,Iran

b, Depatment of Counseling, Shahid Chamran University,Ahvaz,Iran.,

c, Depatment of Counseling,Alzahra University,Tehran,Iran

d,, Depatment of Counseling, Allameh Tabatab’i University,Tehran,Iran

*Corresponding Author:

Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi: 091247868322; E-mail address: M_shkazemi@yahoo.com

 

 

Abstract: Natural disasters are an inevitable part of human life. The 6.6 Richter earthquake in Bam killed 26,000 and injured 30,000 people, and destroyed 85% of houses according to the literature. It is obvious that one of the main reasons for decreasing the that 3-about culture & evaluate of life and potential for happy & mental &quality of life in survived individuals is losing the meaning of life and becoming irresponsible toward it. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of logo therapy on improving the quality of life in girl students with PTSD. Method of research was semi-experimental with control group. Procedure of sampling was purposeful in which 24 students with PTSD were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Experimental group received 8 sessions of logo therapy once a week. Tools of research were two questionnaires; A. PTSD Inventory, That is based on the DSMIV-TR criteria for PTSD. B. quality of life questionnaire. Its four subscales consist of physical health, psychological health and social relation, and environment life. The results indicate significant difference between two groups in physical health, psychological health and life environment dimensions, while there was not any significant difference between two groups in social relationship after psychological intervention t=1/70 (p<0/05).

 [Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi, Mehravar Momeni Javid, Fariba Ebrahimi Tazekand and Shirin Khalili. The effect of logo therapy on improving the quality of life in girl students with PTSD. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5692-5698] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 848

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.848

Key words: Bam earthquake, PTSD, logo therapy, quality of life, girl students

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849

Performing Biginelli Reaction using Catalytic System of Melamine Sulfonic Acid and ZnO Nanotube

 

Fatemeh Ghalambaz1,Rashid Badri1, Alireza Kiasat2

 

1Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University, Khozestan,Iran

2Depatment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch,Shahid Chamran University, Khozestan, Iran,

Corresponding Author: fatemeh_ghalambaz@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In the current investigation, the catalytic effect of ZnO nanotube in presence of solid melamine sulfonic acid in Biginelli compression reaction is studied. Melamine sulfonic acid, as the solid acid resulted from the reaction between chlorine sulfonic acid and melamine synthesis in presence of ZnO nanotubes, was used as catalyst of Biginelli compression reaction. The compression reaction between ethyl acetoacetate, urea, and different aromatic aldehydes in this catalytic system was studied without solvent and at the temperature of 110° C. the results of reactions’ progress with TLC shows successful compression reaction. Consequently, urea was changed to thiourea and the experiment was repeated. In all cases, products were separated with favorable efficiency and in proper time.

 [Fatemeh Ghalambaz,Rashid Badri, Alireza Kiasat. Performing Biginelli Reaction using Catalytic System of Melamine Sulfonic Acid and ZnO Nanotube. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5699-5704] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 849

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.849

Key words: Melamine Sulfonic Acid, ZnO Nanotube, Urea, Thiourea, Ethyl Acetoacetate

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850

A Comparative Feasibility Case Study on Hybrid RCS Moment Frames with Concrete and Steel Frames in Construction and Project Management Point of View

 

Sayed Mostafa Noroozzadeh

 

Vice chairman of Directorate, Tarahan Khayam Consultant Engineers Company

Corresponding Author: s.m.norooz@aol.com

 

Abstract: RCS structures are new developed hybrid frames made of reinforced concrete columns connected to steel beams. These frames can provide practical and economical merits by combining longer steel beams with high compression resistant reinforced concrete columns. RCS structures by use a system of reinforced concrete supports and steel frame beams have been recognized to possess several advantages in terms of structural performance and economy compared to pure reinforced concrete, steel and concrete frames. This study aims to investigate a detail compared feasibility study between RCS, steel and concrete structures. The applied procedure is validated through the testing of a real case study in Tehran. Experimental results indicate that the proposed design procedure is effective in controlling deformations and damage, leading to economic and feasible criteria. Obtained results indicate that in equal conditions, RCS frames are shown better circumstance cost, required human resource, physical and financial progress, management and economical condition than steel and concrete structures.

 [Sayed Mostafa Noroozzadeh. A Comparative Feasibility Case Study on Hybrid RCS Moment Frames with Concrete and Steel Frames in Construction and Project Management Point of View. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5705-5714] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 850

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.850

Keywords: structure, construction management, engineering comparison

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851

Academic Engagement as a Mediator in Relationship between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement among Adolescents in Sirjan-Iran

 

Elham Dehyadegary1, Kouros Divsalar2, Nooshin Sabour Esmaeili3, Azimeh Jafari Sadr4, Fatemeh Askari5

 

1. Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.

2. Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

3. University Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Human Ecology.

4. Department of Psychology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran.

5. Department of Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Kouros Divsalar, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

 Address: Postal Code: 7619813159, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, EbneSina Street, Jahad Blvd. Tel: 0341-2264180, Fax: 0341-2264198, Email: Kouros_Divsalar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The major purposes of the presents study were (a) to examine the degree to which academic engagement mediates the relationship between parenting style and academic achievement. Data from 382 participants (191 males and 191 females) were examined using measures of parenting style, academic engagement, and self-reported grade point average. The results indicated that academic engagement mediate relationship between parenting style an academic achievement. Implications for future research are discussed.

 [Elham Dehyadegary, Kouros Divsalar, Nooshin Sabour Esmaeili, Azimeh Jafari Sadr, Fatemeh Askari. Academic Engagement as a Mediator in Relationship between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement among Adolescents in Sirjan-Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5715-5727] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 851

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.851

Keywords: Parenting Style, Academic Engagement, Academic Achievement

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852

Synthesis and thermogravimetric analysis of modified glycidyl methacrylate copolymers with oxime groups

 

Sahar Sattarzadeh Tolon* and Hassan Golipour

 

Department of Organic Chemistry, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

Email: Sahar.sattarzadeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this work the homopolymer and copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), methyl acrylate (MA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) were synthesized by free radical polymerization using azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as initiator at 70±1 oC. Then, copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate have been modified by incorporation of highly sterically hindered demanding benzophenone oxime through the ring opening reaction of the epoxy groups. The polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR and FT-IR. Presence of bulk the benzophenone oxime groups in polymer side chains leads to an increase in the rigidity and glass transition temperature of polymer as shown by DMTA analysis. The thermal stability of all copolymers was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This modification increases the thermal stability of polymers. With the incorporation of the benzophenone oxime groups in the polymer side chains, a series of novel modified polymer containing new properties are obtained, that can find some applications in polymer industry.

 [Sahar Sattarzadeh Tolon and Hassan Golipour. Synthesis and thermogravimetric analysis of modified glycidyl methacrylate copolymers with oxime groups. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5728-5731] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 852

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.852

Key words: chemical modification, thermogravimetric analysis, benzophenone oxime, glycidyl methacrylate

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853

Structural Relationships of Social and Marriage-Related Factors with the Amount of relationship with the Opposite Sex

 

Solmaz Shokouhi Moqhaddam1, Hassan Fallahi2, Zeinab Javanmard3, Mahmoud Zivari Rahman4

 

1 MsC, Senior Researcher, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

2 Department of Literature and Humanities Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kahnuj, Kerman, Iran

3M.A in general psychology Azad university FacultyMember, Zarand,Kerman – Iran

4 MsC, Researcher in Medical Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (Corresponding Author)

 

Abstract: In the recent years, one of the issues, which young people have encountered as a social norm, is friendship and relationship between girls and boys particularly at the university while there are legal, social, cultural and religious limitations in this respect, which causes concern and anxiety among parents and authorities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationships of social and marriage-related factors with the amount of relationships with the opposite sex. The statistical population is single students of Bahonar University of Kerman in the Iranian academic year of 2010-2011. Samples are 384 (212 girls and 172 boys) students. The research approach we have adopted is descriptive ex post facto research. Two researcher-prepared questionnaires have been used to gather data: a ten-item questionnaire intended to measure the amount of relationship with the opposite sex and a twenty-item questionnaire intended to measure social and marriage-related factors. Construct validity of the questionnaires was examined using confirmatory factor analysis approach. To analyze the data and structural equation modeling (SEM), SPSS18 and Amos18 software were used, respectively. The results of structural equation modeling showed that, the indices for measuring the elements have an acceptable validity and reliability and based on these elements a model could be drawn to explain the relationship with the opposite sex among teenagers and youth.

[Solmaz Shokouhi Moqhaddam, Hassan Fallahi, Zeinab Javanmard, Mahmoud Zivari Rahman. Structural Relationships of Social and Marriage-Related Factors with the Amount of relationship with the Opposite Sex. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5732-5739] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 853

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.853

 

Key words: Social Factors, Marriage-Related Factors, Relationship with the Opposite Sex, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

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854

Analyzing the effect of demographic characteristics on compulsive buying: A case study of consumers in Iranian shopping centers

 

Behnaz Khodayari, Mohammad Ali Abdolvand, Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee

 

 Department of Business Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

B.khodayari@srbiau.ac.ir; Ma.abdolvand@srbiau.ac.ir; Heidarzadeh@srbiau.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Shopping is a normal and routine part of everyday life for most people, but compulsive buyers have different shopping experience. The inability to control an overpowering impulse to buy pervades their lives and results in significant and sometimes severe consequences. This study aims to investigate the compulsive buying behavior and explore its relationship with some demographic variables. A comprehensive data set has been collected through a survey of 1144 customers who had the experience of buying at various shopping centers in Tehran, Iran. According to the result of a validated questionnaire, a compulsive buying latent variable has been calculated for each costumer using the Structural Equation Modeling. Afterward, the relationship between underlying demographic characteristics and the compulsive buying variable has been analyzed using a number of statistical tests. The results demonstrate that some of these antecedents significantly affect compulsive buying tendency. The findings would assist managers, marketers, policy makers, and health care practitioners in their decisions, because individuals who exhibit negative consumption behaviors variously affect these parties.

[Behnaz Khodayari, Mohammad Ali Abdolvand, Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee. Analyzing the effect of demographic characteristics on compulsive buying: A case study of consumers in Iranian shopping centers. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5740-5746] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 854

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.854

 

Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Compulsive Buying; Demographic Characteristics.

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855

Global dynamics of the avian-human influenza with horizontal transmission in human population

 

Roman Ullah, Gul Zaman, Saeed Islam, Muhammad Raheel Muhyuddin

 

Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

 Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir(Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Department of Mathematics, CIIT, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan

romanullah@yahoo.com (R. Ullah), gzaman@uom.edu.pk (G. Zaman),

saeedislam@awkum.edu.pk (S. Islam), m_raheel@yahoo.com (M.R. Muhyuddin)

 

Abstract: The family case clusters of highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 in Thailand (2004) and in Sumatra, Indonesia (May 2006) that were due to human-to-human transmission attracted the attention of the responsible agencies. If the H5N1 virus gain the ability of sustained human-to-human transmission a pandemic could result with potentially high mortality. In order to understand the dynamical behavior of the human-to-human transmittable avian influenza, we develop a mathematical model by taking into account the human-to-human transmission of the avian influenza with the exposed compartment in both human and bird population. We show that by using the basic reproduction number the stability of the equilibria in the proposed model can be controlled. The global stability of both the disease-free and the endemic equilibrium is shown by using the Lyapunov function theory. Finally, numerical results are carried out to justify this work.

[R. Ullah, G. Zaman, S. Islam, M.R. Muhyuddin. Global dynamics of the avian-human influenza with horizontal transmission in human population. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5747-5753] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 855

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.855

 

Key words: Avian influenza model; Backward bifurcation; Basic reproduction number; Global stability.

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856

The Comparison of Depression in Hemodialysis and Renal Transplantation Patients

 

Shahriar Mahmoodi, Ghader Salehnejad, Simin Nazarian

 

Faculty Members, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Salehnejadghader@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Depression is the fourth most disabling disease affecting people worldwide and the most common psychological disorder among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study is to survey and comparison of depression in dialysis and renal transplantation patients. Also examine the association between depression and demographic information in two groups. Cross-sectional was used to conduct the study, which involved 108 patients (61 dialysis and 47 renal transplantation). Depression was measured using the Beck depression Statistical was done by chi-score and t-test using SPSS win software. The mean age in dialysis and renal transplantation patient was 47.4+/-15.5 and 39.9+/-9.7 years. Statistical analysis of this means was significant difference (P<0.003).in two group, the prevalence of depression was not significantly in females than males. Prevalence of depression in the dialysis patients was nearly %93 and in the renal transplantation was %56. Major depression in dialysis patients was %16.4 and in renal transplantation was %6.4. The Mean number of depression in dialysis and renal transplantation patient was 21/08+/-8/04 and 13/23 +/- 8/31(number of Beck depression above of 9) finally mean value of depression in dialysis samples was significantly different (P<0.000) from that of renal transplantation samples. Depression was not significantly correlated with demographic factors such as duration of treatment, age, gender and married. Prevalence of depression in dialysis patients was more than renal transplantation patients. This high prevalence of depression emphasizes the significance of this disorder among patients on chronic hemodialysis. Due to its impact on mortality and survival rates, early diagnosis of depression in such patients is therefore crucial.

[Shahriar Mahmoodi, Ghader Salehnejad, Simin Nazarian. The Comparison of Depression in Hemodialysis and Renal Transplantation Patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5754-5758] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 856

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.856

 

Keywords: Hemodialysis, Renal transplantation, Depression, ESRD, Beck depression Statistical

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857

A Field Wireless Sensor System for Mangrove Ecology Environment in Taiwan: Design and Implementation

 

Mei-Hsien Lin 1, Hsu-Yang Kung 2, Chia-Ling Li 2, Chi-Hua Chen 3, Wei Kuang Lai 1

 

1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

2. Department of Management Information Systems, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

3. Institute of Information Management, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.

kung@mail.npust.edu.tw

 

Abstract: This study is the first investigation of using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for Mangroves protection and observation in Taiwan. In this paper, this study proposes a natural ecology sensing system (NESS), which consists of ecological environment sensor (EES), nature resource integrated computing server (NRICS), mobile user (MU), and ecological information service system (EISS). NESS can improve the traditional long-term observation method by providing a real-time and networked surveillance system. This paper considers the practical issues of deploying ecological environment sensors in the Mangroves protection area. In additions, feasible solutions are proposed to achieve sustainable energy supply and reliable data delivery with high accuracy. We also evaluate system performance in terms of energy consumption and packet loss rate at different duty cycles, and compare lifetime and data accuracy with different energy supply sources. According to implementation results, the proposed system is efficient and feasible for Mangroves observation, protection, and surveillance.

[Mei-Hsien Lin, Hsu-Yang Kung, Chia-Ling Li, Chi-Hua Chen, Wei Kuang Lai. A Field Wireless Sensor System for Mangrove Ecology Environment in Taiwan: Design and Implementation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5759-5767] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 857

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.857

 

Keywords: Wireless sensor network; accuracy adjustment; natural environment monitoring; field solar electric power system; mangrove

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858

Comparison of the effects of aquatic exercise in shallow and deep water on Postural Control in elderly women with chronic knee Osteoarthritis

 

Faezeh Zamanian1, M.Reza Bahadoran2, Majid Vesalinaseh3 Mina Haghighi1, S.khadijeh Asadysaravi5

 and Javad ramazi2

 

1. Department of physical Education, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

2. Department of Physical Education, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

3. Department of Physical Education and sport Science, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

4. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

faezezamanian@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is related to poor balance and impairment of the proprioceptive system. Exercise in the water recommended for the rehabilitation of these patients. However, the depth of water influences some physiological and biomechanical factors. Hence, the objective of present study was to Comparison the effects of aquatic exercise in shallow and deep water on Postural Control in elderly women with chronic knee OA. 43 elderly women over 60 years old with knee OA on preferred foot voluntarily participated in present study. The RPE scale was used to measure and control the exercise intensity after each exercise session. Using Romberg test, the postural control was evaluated. Data were analyzed using Two Factor Repeated Measure ANOVAs and follow up tests included LSD and paired samples t test at p<0.05 significance level. The results showed that postural control improved significantly in shallow water group more than deep water group (p=0.02). We conclude that water exercise, especially shallow water is recommended to rehabilitate the patients suffering from knee OA.

[Zamanian, F, Bahadoran,M.R and Vesalinaseh, M. Haghighi, M. Asadysaravi,S. ramazi, j. Comparison of the effects of aquatic exercise in shallow and deep water on Postural Control in elderly women with chronic knee Osteoarthritis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5768-5771] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 858

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.858

 

Keywords: Postural control, shallow water, deep water, elderly patient, knee OA

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859

Correlation between the lipid and cytokine profiles in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)

(Review article)

 

Havasian MR1, Panahi J1, Khosravi A2*

 

1Student Research committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

2Immunity Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

* Corresponding Author: afrakhosravi@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: Many population-based studies consistently demonstrate some significant correlation between plasma levels of TG, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, different inflammatory cytokines and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD). This article aimed to analyze the correlation between the occurrences of CHD with profile of lipid and cytokines.This is a meta-analysis study evaluating all pubmed, web of sciences, science direct, Scopus and Google scholar articles about the CHD and lipid and/or cytokine profiles from 2010 to 2012 using analytical statistical nalysis. Data were collected and the related information extracted and put in statistical package and analyzed.According to the analysis of many studies healthy individuals have higher levels of HDL lipoprotein than those with CHD so that An estimated of 1 mg/dl higher HDL-C is associated with a 2% lower risk of CHD for men and a 3% lower for the women. The plasma levels of Interleukin-6, CRP, TNFα, IL-18, IL-15, complement C3, colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), ICAM-1, CD54) on CD14+ CD16+ all are increased among CHD patients and therefore considered as risk markers of MI-coronary death. Profiles of lipid and cytokines are good predictors for CHD particularly if they to be evaluated and analyzed simultaneously and management of both groups can change the severity of the disease.

[Havasian MR, Panahi J, Khosravi A. Correlation between the lipid and cytokine profiles in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)-(Review article). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5772-5777] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 859

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.859

 

Keywords: coronary heart disease, prevalence, cytokine, lipid.

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860

Evaluation of Medical Ethics among patients with Nose and Abdominal Surgery

 

Afra Khosravi (MSC, PhD) 1, Rahmatollah Mousavi-Moghadam (MSc, PhD)2*, Soghra Zarei (MD) 3

 

 1Immunology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

2Theology Dept.,Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

 3 Clinical Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: prof_m1344@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background-Medical ethics in surgeries is counted as great importance according to the surgical results that might have irreversible side effects or cause patient's death, or bring the patient back to life and health. Especially in recent years, in addition to indispensable surgeries, surgeries with cosmetic purposes have increased and of course many reasons are claimed for these without indication for surgeries, including economic factors and educational purposes. Materials and Methods: This study intended to investigate the role of medical ethics in nose and different abdominal surgeries among 100 patients and 70 hospital personnel in different parts of Ilam City in 1386. Results and Conclusions: The results state a lack of patient's awareness of medical ethics committee, lack of awareness of their rights and lack of medical staff's awareness of the way of dealing with medical ethics issues while facing such cases during treatment of patients and during working in therapeutic environment. On the other hand, patients' awareness of their rights help them endure health problems and may lead to their satisfaction from treatment team.

[Afra Khosravi, Rahmatollah Mousavi-Moghadam, Soghra Zarei. Evaluation of Medical Ethics among patients with Nose and Abdominal Surgery. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5778-5781] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 860

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.860

 

Keywords: Medical Ethics, Surgery, Abdomen, Nose

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861

Effects of Temporal and Spatial Evolutions on Religious Punishments (Sharia)

 

Naser Ghassabi1*, Kiomars Kalantari2

 

1*MA in Criminal Law and Criminology, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran

2Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Politic Sciences, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: nboukan@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nowadays, punishment has become the most challenging subject in Iranian Law as one of the most important discussions in jurisprudence. Following the Islamic jurisprudence, Iranian Law has recognized a wide range of physical punishments in its legal system which the possibility or impossibility to review its principles is propounded according to increasing influence of human rights discussions in legal and intellectual societies. Apart from the issue of possibility or impossibility, the necessity to review these rules is essential regarding some special conditions of these days, but important arguments may be raised about possibility or impossibility too. This study considers legal evidences of these potential changes.

[Naser Ghassabi, Kiomars Kalantari. Effects of Temporal and Spatial Evolutions on Religious Punishments (Sharia). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5782-5788] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 861

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.861

 

Keywords: Religious Punishments (Sharia Punishments), Religious Rules, Jurisprudence, Ijtihad (practice of divine theology), Time, Place

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The Effect of Employing Paradoxes in Teaching and Learning Mathematics in Correcting Students’ Common Mistakes in Solving Equation

Ahmad Shahvarani1, Ali Barahmand1, Asghar Seif 2

1Department of Mathematics, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Mathematics, Hamadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran.
 

Abstract: Paradoxes create a special challenge to learners and the incoherence involved causes great problems in their mind. Students’ facing paradoxes provide an invaluable chance for the teachers to direct their attention towards the point and help them resolve the problem of concern. Therefore, because of the importance of paradoxes, the present paper aims at studying the effect of paradoxes in teaching and learning mathematics, specially, in cases in which students make frequent mistakes which are here referred as “common mistakes”. To do this, 150 students 14-15 years old, participated in the study to investigate the efficiency of paradoxes in two most frequent errors: “simplification in equations” and “eliminating the radical from square expressions”. The study lasted about four months during which the researcher taught relevant concepts in relation to the problems through paradoxes. The analysis of the data collected from a pre-test and a post-test showed that employing paradoxes is quite efficient in teaching and learning mathematics as for correcting “common mistakes.[Ahmad Shahvarani, Ali Barahmand, Asghar Seif, The Effect of Employing Paradoxes in Teaching and Learning Mathematics in Correcting Students’ Common Mistakes in Solving Equation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5789-5792] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 862

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.862


Key words: paradox; learning mathematics; teaching mathematics; common mistakes in solving equation

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Gradual diminish of post Lasik corneal ectasia with a rigid gas permeable lens

 

David Chao-Kai Chang1, John Ching-Jen Hsiao2,3,*

 

1 Nobel Eye Clinic, Taipei City, Taiwan

2 School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan

3 Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan johncjhsiao@yahoo.com.tw

Abstract: Corneal ectasia following Laser in situ keratomileussis (Lasik), a known complication can only be treated with the use of rigid gas permeable contact lens, penetrating keratoplasty or corneal cross-linking surgery. A 29 years old Chinese male was diagnosed with corneal ectasia in the right eye several months after bilateral Lasik and was fitted with a rigid gas permeable contact lens in our center. During weeks and months of following visits, the ectasia gradually diminished to protrusion-free corneal shape with the aided visual acuity of 20/25 by the 9.5 months’ time. Patient’s cornea however did return to its ecstatic state in about 1week once the rigid lens was ceased to wear as a test of corneal stability. During the follow up visit in 5 years later, although without the trace of ectasia, a steeper base curve of rigid lens was needed for a better fitting pattern, suggesting the cornea had protruded further even under the event of lens wear. The rigid lens seems to have a temporary reverse influence on patient’s ectasia condition following Lasik. [ David Chao-Kai Chang, John Ching-Jen Hsiao. Gradual diminish of post Lasik corneal ectasia with a rigid gas permeable lens. Life Sci J. 2012, 9(4):5793-5795] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 863

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.863

 

Keywords: Post Lasik corneal ectasia, Rigid gas-permeable lens, Corneal changes 

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864

Effects of Auxin and Cytokinin on Morphological and Physiological Factors in Soybean (Glycin max L)

 

Parvaneh Rahdari1,*, Vahid Sharifzadeh2

 

1,2. Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

*Corresponding Author Email: rahdari_parvaneh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Auxins and Cytokinins are of plant growth regulators. These two hormones are interfered in various physiological growth processes such as (activation and meiosis, tropism and morphology and …). Soybean is the most important sources providing world protein and plant oil and considering to food consumption for human and animals and medicine functions has high economic importance. For this reason, determining affects of plant hormones, Auxins (NAA) and Cytokinin (BA) was done on growth factors and then affect on the level of chlorophyll carotenoid and sugar and protein. Three different concentration of Auxins (NAA), Cytokinin (BA) hormones and three different concentration of equal combination from these two hormones were used. The studies showed that in the treated plants due to using different levels of (NAA) and (BA) concentrations as independently and treatment (NAA + BA) it was seen to increase in wet weight because of enhancing the concentration of hormone up to 1.5 mg/l and then to decrease wet weight. The dry weight verses wet weight increased by using hormones with enhancing hormones concentration, but through using combination of these two hormones along with enhancing concentration, it has been decreased. So, the most wet and dry weight of stem to treatment (NAA + BA) was 0.5 mg/l and the least wet and dry weight of stem to treatment (NAA) was 0.5 mg/l. In associated with dry weight of root, it was seen increasing hormone concentration NAA caused decreasing dry weight of root. But in treatments (BA and NAA + BA), it was seen increasing up to 1.5 mg/l and then decreasing dry weight. In associated with increasing treatment concentration (NAA), it was seen decreasing wet weight of root, and by increasing concentration, it was seen decreasing and then increasing and at last by increasing concentration (NAA + BA), it has been seen increasing wet weight. Also, the most wet weight root related to NAA treatment was 0.mg/l and the least was 1.5 mg/l for (NAA) treatment and the most dry weight of root was 1.mg/l for (NAA + BA) treatment and the least amount was 0.5 mg/l for (NAA + BA) treatment. In general, by increasing treatment concentration it was seen to shorten stem length and also in associated with root length, by increasing treatment concentration, it was seen increasing trend in root length, therefore the most stem length and root was dedicated to (NAA) treatment, 0.5 and (BA) 2.5 mg/l and the least stem and root length to (NAA + BA) treatments, 2.5 and (NAA) 0.5 mg/l, respectively. By increasing hormone concentration NAA and combination hormone, first increasing sugar concentration to treatment 1.5 mg/l and then decreasing sugar concentration amount were seen and in treatment with BA, by increasing hormone concentration, first decreasing and then increasing sugar concentration were seen, the most amount of carbohydrate in NAA treatment, 1.5 mg/l and the least amount in (NAA + BA) treatment, 0.5 mg/l were seen and in related with protein, by increasing hormones concentration of (NAA + BA), increasing protein concentration was seen. But by increasing combination hormones concentration, decreasing concentration amount has been seen, so the most amounts was seen in (BA) treatment, 2.5 and the least amount in control treatment. In associated with protein there was a statistically significant difference among control and all used treatments except (NAA + BA), 2.5 mg/l. The studies has been shown that in related to photosynthetic pigments, by increasing NAA hormone concentration, the amount of chlorophyll a has increased and in BA treatment up to 1.5 mg/l it was seen increasing and then decreasing and in combination treatment of two hormones, by increasing hormones, the amount of chlorophyll a has been decreased and about chlorophyllb and total chlorophyll and carotenoids, by increasing hormones concentration used, increasing was seen, respectively.

[Rahdari P, Sharifzadeh V. Effects of Auxin and Cytokinin on morphological and Physiological factors in Soybean (Glycin max L). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5796-5807] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 864

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.864

 

Keywords: soybean, wet weight, dry weight, stem and root length. Protein, BA, NAA, a chlorophyll and b chlorophyll, carotenoids.

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Environmental Studies on the Effect of Air Pollution on Natural Forests Deterioration of Juniperus (Juniperus procera) in Saudi Arabia

 

Faykah Goman mohamd ALghamdy

 

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, kingdom Saudi Arabia.

e-mail: fgalghamdy@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effect of air pollution by exhausts of different transportation means on Juniperus procera forest. Several forests were selected at Al-Baha region (western-south portion of KSA) which differs in traffic density. The study focused on air organs (leaves and branches) of Juniperus and the soil of the plant. Photosynthesis pigments, estimation of some minerals (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Zn, Pb), soil texture, soil EC, soil pH, estimation of mineral nitrogenous elements (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Zn, Pb) and amounts of sulfates, chlorides, bicarbonates salts.results revealed that there are significant differences between sites in the amount of photosynthesis pigments, increase in chlorophyll a and b with the increase of pollution degree. There are high significant differences between minerals in the plant, calcium recorded the highest values while sodium recorded the lowest values in the plant. Soil results, on the other hand, indicated that, there are high significant differences between sites in the soil texture, Ec and pH. Raghdan forest soil has the highest Ec, lowest alkalinity compared to other sites. The amount of Pb, sulfates, chlorides, Ca, Mg, Na and bicarbonates salts in the soil of Raghdan forest (of high traffic density) is significantly higher than other sites. This study has shown that (Juniperus procera) is of environmental importance has high potential for Adaptation to environmental stresses such as Traffic emissions, these plants used different methods to adapt such as the increase of photosynthesis pigments and accumulation of some elements in the plant tissue in sites with high traffic density, the main source of pollution and important heavy elements especially lead caused by emissions from vehicle exhausts.

[Faykah Goman mohamd ALghamdy. Environmental Studies on the Effect of Air Pollution on Natural Forests Deterioration of Juniperus (Juniperus procera) in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5808-5814] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 865

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.865

 

Keywords: forests deterioration-air pollution-forests- Juniperus.

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866

The Mean first Birth Interval and Popular Contraceptive Method Use Before First Pregnancy in Women Attending Public Health Center of Ahvaz City, Iran 2010

 

Sedigheh Nouhjah S¹*, Nasim Piri ².

 

¹Social determinants of health research center, school of health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran

²Department of public health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran

s_nouhjah@yahoo.com

 

The period between the marriage to first pregnancy is one of the most important indicators for fecundability. The aim of this study was to estimate spacing from marriage to first pregnancy and popular contraception methods which used in women at the beginning of marriage. In a cross- sectional study 900 primiparus women attending health centers after first delivery were studied. Filling a questionnaire by trained questioner was used for data collection. SPSS 17 used for data entering and analysis. Chi square, Pierson correlation test and logistic regression were done. The mean age of marriage was 21.9±4.21 years. Short interval between marriage to first pregnancy was reported in majority (62.7%) of women. The mean interval between marriage to first pregnancy was estimated 11.8± 13.5months (median interval 8 months). 68.3% of women had used at least one type of contraceptive methods before pregnancy. Prevalence of unwanted pregnancy was 19.5%. Logistic regression showed a significant association between use of contraceptive methods and educational level of women and her husband, women age, ageat marriage and unwanted pregnancy. More continues education at the beginning of marriage help these couples make better decisions about the timing of their first pregnancy.

[Nouhjah S, Piri N. The Mean first Birth Interval and Popular Contraceptive Method Use Before First Pregnancy in Women Attending Public Health Center of Ahvaz City, Iran 2010. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5815-5818] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 866

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.866

 

Keywords: first birth interval, newly married couples, contraception, family spacing, health centers

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867

The production of nanocrystalline Titanium carbide compound via mechanical alloying

 

Ali Seydi1, Sepehr Pourmorad2, Kave Arzani3

 

Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Ali.seydi1@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A nanocrystalline/nanoparticleTiCrefractorycompound has been produced by mechanical alloying (MA) of the elemental powders. The phase evolution and microstructural changes of the powders during mechanical alloying were investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The results showed that after an optimum mechanical alloying time of 15 hours, a TiCrefractorycompound with thecrystallite size of less than 10 nm, the particle size of about 80nm and the latticestrainof 1.8% was achieved.The obtained TiC refractorycompound exhibited high microhardness value of about 708 Hv.

[Ali Seydi, Sepehr Pourmorad, Kave Arzani. The production of nanocrystalline Titanium carbide compound via mechanical alloying. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5819-5823] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 867

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.867

 

Keywords: Nanocrystallinematerials; Nanoparticles; Titanium carbide;Refractory compounds; Mechanical alloying

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Domestic Violence Prevalence and Related Factors in Disabled Women: A Pilot Study in Women with Multiple Sclerosis

 

Sedigheh Nouhjah¹, Zahra Raies pour ², Nastaran Madjdi nasab ³

 

¹Social determinants of health research center, department of public health school of health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran

²Department of public health, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran

 ³Golestan Hospital, Ahwaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran

Corresponding author: Sedigheh Nouhjah

s_nouhjah@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Domestic violence against women as a leading cause of injury in women is associated with a range of adverse physical and psychological health effects. Few studies focused on experience of domestic violence in women with disabilities. In a descriptive-analytical pilot study 150 married women 19-59 years who attending to Multiple sclerosis society of Khuzestan were studied in 2010-2011. The overall prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual and any form of violence in lifetime of women with multiple sclerosis were 17.8%, 38.4%, 6.8% and 41.5% respectively. Prevalence of domestic violence in women with multiple sclerosis is high as general population. The finding suggests the need for a study with a larger sample size in women with multiple sclerosis and other disabled women.

[Sedigheh Nouhjah, Zahra Raies pour, Nastaran Madjdi nasab. Domestic Violence Prevalence And Related Factors In Disabled Women: A Pilot Study In Women With Multiple Sclerosis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5824-5827] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 868

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.868

 

Keywords: Women, Domestic Violence, Disabilities, Multiple Sclerosis, Sexual dysfunction

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869

Prevalence and Distribution of Venous Insufficiency in Patients with Post-Thrombotic Scar

 

Abolhassan Shakeri Bavil 1, Kamyar Ghabili 2

 

1. Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

kghabili@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Chronic venous insufficiency of deep venous system in most cases is an acquired disorder which occurs following deep vein thrombosis, and can subsequently followed by skin changes and disability. Color Doppler sonography is the main diagnostic tool for chronic venous insufficiency, and also is a useful tool for identifying the distribution and extent of venous reflux. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of venous insufficiency in patients with post-thrombotic scar at lower extremity venous system. Fifty three limbs of 48 subjects were evaluated. Patients with previous deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs presented with skin ulcers, variceal veins or leg edema were included in the present study. Venous Doppler scanning was commenced at external iliac vein (EIV) and moved to common femoral vein (CFV), saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), superficial femoral vein (SFV), greater saphenous vein (GSV), popliteal vein (POPV), saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ), lesser saphenous vein (LSV), calf veins (CV), and perforator veins (PV), respectively. The results showed that prevalence of thrombotic scar was more common in proximal deep veins of the limbs. Moreover, popliteal vein was the most common insufficient vein (58.5%). Perforator veins also had no thrombotic scar but they were insufficient in 3 patients (5.66%). This study also showed that severe stenosis or occlusion was most common in external iliac veins (12 patients). In conclusion, the chronic post-thrombotic scar was common at proximal veins. Moreover, deep vein insufficiency was more common than superficial system. In addition, POPV was found as the most common insufficient vein.

[Bavil AS, Ghabili K. Prevalence and Distribution of Venous Insufficiency in Patients with Post-Thrombotic Scar. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5828-5830] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 869

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.869

 

Keywords: Venous insufficiency; post-thrombotic scar; Doppler ultrasound; deep vein thrombosis; venous reflux

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870

Conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus real-time PCR for species-specific meat authentication

 

S. Edris1,2, M.H.Z. Mutwakil1, O.A. Abuzinadah1, H.E. Mohammed3, A. Ramadan1,4, N.O. Gadalla1,5, A.M. Shokry1,4, S.M. Hassan1,2, R.M. Shoaib5,6, F.M. El-Domyati1,2 and A. Bahieldin1,2,*

 

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Saudi Arabia.

2Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

3Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

4Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

5Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.

6Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El Bayda, Libya.

 

Abstract: Simple and reliable conventional multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR) as well as real-time PCR approaches for the partial-length cytochrome b or cyt b gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were compared to identify seven animal species for the authenticity of low non Halal (pig, dog, cat and donkey) and high value Halal (cattle, sheep and goat) meats. Either analysis indicated the successful detection of as little as 0.05 pg (5%) adulteration in cattle meat. As compared to real-time PCR, the approach of conventional multiplex-PCR can also be applied to detect authentication with equal efficiency to fresh, cooked or putrefied mixed samples of cattle meat.

[S. Edris, M.H.Z. Mutwakil, O.A. Abuzinadah, H.E. Mohammed, A. Ramadan, N.O. Gadalla, A.M. Shokry, S.M. Hassan, R.M. Shoaib, F.M. Domyati and A. Bahieldin. Conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus real-time PCR for species-specific meat authentication. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5831-5837]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 870

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.870

 

Key words: Mitochondrial DNA, cyt b gene, meat species identification, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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871

Molecular markers for salt tolerant wild barley Hordeum spontaneum

 

A. Bahieldin1,2,*, A.M. Ramadan1,3, N.O. Gadalla1,4, A.M. Alzohairy5, S. Edris1,2, I.A. Ahmed6, A.M. Shokry1,3, S.M. Hassan1,2, O.M. Saleh7,8, M.N. Baeshen1, N.A. Radwan1, M.A. Al-Kordy1,4, N. Baeshen1 and F.M. El-Domyati1,2

 

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, bahieldin55@gmail.com

2Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

3Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

4Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

5Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt

6Barley Department, Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt

7Dept. Biotech., Fac. App. Med. Sci., Taif Univ., Saudi Arabia

8National Center of Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt

 

Abstract: The present study aims at detecting molecular markers, based on RAPD, ISSR and AFLP, for the salt-tolerant wild barley Hordeum spontaneum as a little is known about its genetic structure and function. Barley is one of the most important cereal crops all over the world. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers for the salt-tolerant wild species is crucial for the future development of tolerant domesticated varieties of H. vulgare. For comparison, the study involved seven domesticated barley cultivars. Across the three types of molecular markers, a total of 26 species-specific distinguished H. spontaneum from H. vulgare. RAPD markers revealed the highest expected heterozygosity He, E and marker index (MI) values, while ISSR indicated the lowest values. These results indicate the reliability of ISSR as a molecular marker in distinguishing wild and cultivated barley species. Some of these markers can be linked to salt stress tolerance genes in H. spontaneum that can be transferred to domesticated barley (H. vulgare) through marker-assisted selection (MAS).

[A. Bahieldin, A.M. Ramadan, N.O. Gadalla, A.M. Alzohairy, S. Edris, I.A. Ahmed, A.M. Shokry, S.M. Hassan, O.M. Saleh, M.N. Baeshen, N.A. Radwan, M.A. Al-Kordy, N. Baeshen and F.M. El-Domyati. Molecular markers for salt tolerant wild barley Hordeum spontaneum. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5838-5847] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 871

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.871

 

Keywords: RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, salt tolerance, wild barley.

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Identification of Two Honey- Sensitive Pathogens Isolated from Musk Lake, Jeddah

 

Eman A. H. Mohamed, PhD

 

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour city, Egypt.

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif city, KSA.

Corresponding author, e-mail address: emanahm@hotmail.com; emanmohamed2002@hotmail.com

Phone numbers (cell): 02-0101-4510045; 00966-597233799

 

Abstract: Two bacterial pathogens, Exiguobacterium ET and Staphylococcus aureus ET, have been isolated from wastewater, Musk lake, Jeddah, KSA, biochemically characterization using the API system, and molecularly identified using the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (approx. 1000 bp). The 16S rDNA nucleotides of the orange colonies showed 98% similarity to Exiguobacterium sp., while those of the yellow colonies exhibited 99% similarity to S. aureus. API system differentiated between them in 3 biochemical tests, arginine hydrolysis, urease production and utilization of raffinose. Both of them are sensitive to Amikacin (30 µg/disc) and Amoxycillin (30 µg/disc). On the other hand, their resistance and sensitivity to Nalidixic acid (30 µg/disc) and Sulfamethoxazole (50 µg/disc) are distinguishable. Diluted honey (60- 80%) was highly potential to inhibit the growth of the isolates. Neat honey (100%) reduced the optical density (OD550 is not less than 0.28 for both strains) of the pathogens but not as much as the diluted one (OD550 is not more than 0.03 upon using 70% of honey for both strains).

[Eman A. H. Mohamed. Identification of Two Honey- Sensitive Pathogens Isolated from Musk Lake, Jeddah. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5848-5853] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 872

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.872

 

Key words: Musk lake; Pathogens; API system; Honey; 16S rRNA.

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Virulence of Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis and Chlamydia trachomatis Vaginal Pathogens in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

 

Nehal E. Yousef1,5, Amgad Ezzat2,5, Amani Shaman3,5 and Nagwa S.M. Aly 4,5

 

1Departments of Microbiology, Zagaziz University, Egypt. 2Departments of Microbiology Assuit University, Egypt 3Department of Gyncology, Faculty of Medicine 4Department of Parasitology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. 5Tabuk University, KSA

nehalyousef@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The effects of four environmental stresses of heat, drought, wounding and cell culture, on the transcriptional reactivation of seven long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) genome, were investigated. These LTRs included two Copia-type (Bare and Maximus); and five Gypsy-type (Erika, Jeli, Sabrina, Sukkula1 and Sukkula3) LTRs. RT-qPCR analyses revealed that Erika1 LTR was highly reactivated under heat, drought, and wounding with 28.1, 9.9 and 9.4 fold increments, respectively. Sabrina LTR was 6.2 fold reactivated under cell culture. Bare1 LTR was reactivated by drought (4.1 fold) and cell culture (3.4 fold). Transcription activity of Jeli LTR was increased by 3.4 fold under cell culture. Sukkula1, Sukkula3 and Maximus LTRs were slightly reactivated under drought, wounding and cell culture. These changes in the reactivation pattern of LTRs provide fingerprints for tracking the molecular changes occurred in barley genome upon exposure to environmental stresses, which might result in gain or loss of yield. Such sensitive LTR expression profiles underline one of the important role of LTR genetics in agriculture.

[Nehal E. Yousef, Amgad Ezzat, Amani Shaman and Nagwa S.M. Aly. Virulence of Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis and Chlamydia trachomatis Vaginal Pathogens in Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5854-5861] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 873

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.873

 

Keywords: Vaginal pathogens- virulence

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874

Application of the New Modified Decomposition Method to the Regularized Long-Wave Equation

 

H.O. Bakodah, F.A. Hendi and N.A. Al-Zaid

 

Department of Mathematics, Science Faculty for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

 hbakodah@kau.edu.sa, falhendi@kau.edu.sa, nalzaid@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: In this paper a new modified Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is applied to the regularized long-wave (RLW) equation which is the one of important soliton equations. The performance and the accuracy of the method are illustrated by solving some test examples. The obtained results are compared with the exact solutions.

[H.O. Bakodah, F.A. Hendi and N.A. Al-Zaid. Application of the New Modified Decomposition Method to the Regularized Long-Wave Equation. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5862-5866] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 874

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.874

 

Keywords: Adomian decomposition Method; Regularized Long-Wave Equation.

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Impact of hemodialysis on the psychosocial state of patients with end‐stage renal disease

 

Essmat Gemeay1, Sahar Gaber2, Amal Kanona3 and Abdullah A. A. Alshebel4

 

1 Community and Psychiatric Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University and Tanta University

2 Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University and Mansoura University

 3Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menofiya University, Egypt.

4Vice Dean For Academic Affairs College of Applied Studies & Community Service, King Saud University

egemeay@ksu.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Many psychiatric disorders can be seen in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Hemodialysis, which is a renal replacement treatment, causes various psychiatric and psychosocial problems. Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to investigate the prevalence of psychosocial problems in patients with end‐stage renal disease and to assess the prevalence of depression in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Methods: A descriptive study design included 50 patients with end stage renal disease who were scheduled for hemodialysis at Prince Salman Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia, performed from February 2010 to April 2010. The patients were interviewed by using; sociodemographic information questionnaire sheet developed by the researchers; Beck Depression Inventory and SF-36 (Health Survey for dialysis Patients. Results: The result of the current study demonstrated that more than half of studied subjects(55.7%) mentioned that their health extremely interfere with their social activities, also there was no significant statistical deference between gender and depression. Conclusion The study findings indicated that hemodialysis severely interfere with social activities of patients & depression is a common psychological problem among the Saudi patients with ends stage renal disease.

[Essmat Gemeay, Sahar Gaber, Amal Kanona and Abdullah A. A. Alshebel. Impact of hemodialysis on the psychosocial state of patients with end‐stage renal disease. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5867-5871] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 875.

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.875

 

Keywords: Psychosocial problems, hemodialysis, depression & End Stage Renal disease

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876

Evaluating Consulting Firms Using VIKOR

 

Mohamed F. El-Santawy1,* and A. N. Ahmed2

 

1Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt. *Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

2Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

 

Abstract: Many companies usually ask for consulting firm service. Thus evaluating and selecting a suitable consulting firm becomes an important issue. In this article, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem is presented and a real-life international company is illustrated. The technique used in solution named Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje in Serbian (VIKOR) is applied for ranking the consulting firms. Many quantitative criteria are considered to compare firms in order to rank them.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. Evaluating Consulting Firms Using VIKOR. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5872-5874] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 876

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.876

 

Keywords: Consulting firms; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; VIKOR.

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877

CV-VIKOR: A New Approach for Allocating Weights in Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problems

 

Mohamed F. El-Santawy1,* and A. N. Ahmed2

 

1Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

2Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

 

Abstract: Multi-Criteria analysis, often called Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) or Multi-Criteria Decision Aid methods (MCDA), is a branch of a general class of Operations Research (OR) models which deal with the process of making decisions in the presence of multiple objectives. These methods, which can handle both quantitative and qualitative criteria, share the common characteristics of conflict among criteria, incommensurable units, and difficulties in design/selection of alternatives. The technique used in this paper named Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I KOmpromisno Resenje in Serbian (VIKOR) is combined to the Coefficient of Variation (CV) to constitute a new approach called CV-VIKOR. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) is employed to allocate weights when no preference existed among the criteria considered. Also, a given numerical example is solved to illustrate the proposed method.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. CV-VIKOR: A New Approach for Allocating Weights in Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problems. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5875-5877] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 877

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.877

 

Keywords: Coefficient of Variation; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; VIKOR.

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878

A VIKOR Approach for Project Selection Problem

 

Mohamed F. El-Santawy1,* and A. N. Ahmed2

 

1Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

2Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

 

Abstract: Profitable investments lead to the growth and prosperity of each corporation. Various objectives are usually taken into account when projects are analyzed, including economic desirability, technical issues, and environmental and social factors. Many conflicting criteria should be considered when comparing projects to choose among or rank them. The merit of MCDM techniques is that they consider both qualitative parameters as well as the quantitative ones. In this article, a MCDM project selection problem found in real-life international company is presented. The technique used named Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje in Serbian (VIKOR) is applied for ranking the projects.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. A VIKOR Approach for Project Selection Problem. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5878-5880] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 878

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.878

 

Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Making; Project selection; VIKOR.

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879

A SDV-MOORA Technique for Solving Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problems with No Preference

 

Mohamed F. El-Santawy1,* and A. N. Ahmed2

 

1Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

2Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

 

Abstract: The Standard Deviation (SDV) is a well known measure of dispersion, which suits the problem of allocating weights in MCDM. In this paper we try to address this problem by employing the Standard Deviation to allocate weights, then combining the proposed method to a well-known technique called Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA). The new approach so-called SDV-MOORA can be used when no preference among the criteria considered. Also, it is validated and illustrated by ranking the alternatives of a given numerical example.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. A SDV-MOORA Technique for Solving Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problems with No Preference. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5881-5883] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 879

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.879

 

Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Making; MOORA; Standard Deviation.

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880

Plan to design Policies For Science, Technology and innovation in the field of obesity Prevention and control measures in 20 years national vision.

 

Dr. Shahram alamdari1, dr.farhad hossein panah2, Dr. parisa amiri3, Dr. azam alamdari4, Dr. Fereidon azizi5

Alamdari.endocrine@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Obesity is an epidemic in a century, and developed and developing countries as a major problem in health care is a serious concern. Prevalence of overweight and obesity between the ages of 50 to 70 percent over twenty years In Tehran, 50% were overweight and 15 to 20 percent are obese. Obesity is directly or indirectly more than 10 percent of the cost of a country it covers. Obesity is also directly both through the development of diabetes, heart disease and various cancers are caused by damage to healthy humans. The increasing prevalence of this disease in children and adolescents countries is a serious concern. In most developed countries and some developing countries, the national program for prevention and control of obesity are defined in which to develop strategies and action plans and the role of all governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations also play a role (NGO) families and society are discussed. Of these countries can the U.S. and other countries like Canada, Australia, Europe and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, cited. In the industrialized world and developing countries like the United States of America, several states, including Ohio, New Jersey, New York, a program designed to prevent obesity and its implementation are being. Survey accomplished only by acting within the scope of national policies and programs to prevent and control obesity, Obesity Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Disease Control of the Ministry of Health was developed in 1384, but unfortunately has not been applied.

[Shahram alamdari, Farhad hossein panah, Parisa amiri, Azam alamdari, Fereidon azizi. Plan to design Policies For Science, Technology and innovation in the field of obesity Prevention and control measures in 20 years national vision. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5884-5889] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 880

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.880

 

Keywords: model design, document, policy, science, technology and innovation, prevention and control measures of obesity, 1404

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881

Study on Co-Administration of Erythropoietin and Nandrolone Decanoate against Injury Induced By Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats

 

Mehrdad Neshat Garamaleki1*, Daryoush Mohajeri2

 

1- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author’s Email: neshatpetvet@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Erythropoietin which is a cytokine has been known for a long time as a hematopoietic hormone. Its effectiveness mechanism is to reduce apoptosis in cells making erythroblast in bone marrow. Its artificial form is available, too. The hormone is used to improve anemia in patients with renal failure. With regard to high rate of renal patients, high cost of renal treatment with erythropoietin, and unavailability of the drug versus easy availability of nandrolone even as an OTC combination in drugstores, we decided to study the coincident effects of both drugs for using nandrolone in place of erythropoietin in case of obtaining suitable results. For this purpose 24 Vistar male rats with weight of 200-250 gram were divided randomly in to four groups, each group consisted of 6 rats: the first group was Sham (6 Vistar male rats), the second one was control group in which vascular pedicles were blocked, the third group received 500 IU/kg peritoneally every week, two weeks before ischemia via injection, the fourth group received 3 mg/kg nandrolone decanoate intramuscularly and 500 IU/kg peritoneally every week, two weeks before ischemia. The data were reported as mean+SEM. ANOVA statistical method was used for data analysis and Tokay comparative tests was used to compare the difference among groups. The rate of p<0.05 has been considered as a meaningful level among groups. The obtained results demonstrated that erythropoietin had a positive effect on renal function by itself and administration of the drug without nandrolone could decrease and improve degeneration of tubule cells, decrease the hyaline cast and decrease the necrosis of tubule cells. Also, in functional phase all changes associate to serum keratinin level showed that administrating of erythropoietin by itself as well as coincidently with nandrolone had not a meaningful effect on serum keratinin level but it was observed that EPO singularly and coincident with nandrolone, the blood urea level decreased meaningfully. It is clear that the effect of EPO on the changes of blood urea is more meaningful compared its effect on serum keratinin level. The present study demonstrated that EPO singularly and without any other medical additions like nandrolone can be used effectively in ARF that ischemia is one of ARF cases also it promotes renal function and decrease the rate mortality among ARF patients.

[Mehrdad Neshat Garamaleki, Daryoush Mohajeri. Study on Co-Administration of Erythropoietin and Nandrolone Decanoate against Injury Induced By Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5890-5894] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 881

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.881

 

Key words: kidney, nandrolone, ischemia-reperfusion, EPO, Rats

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882

Effect of consumption of fermented milk with Lactobacillus Casei and Lactobacillus Plantarum isolated from Ligvan Cheese against E.Coli O157:H7 Induced Infections in BALB/C Mice

 

Hamid Mirzaei1*, Hamed Shahirfar2, Haedeh Mobaiyen3

 

1- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Faculty of Basic sciences, Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

3- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author’s Email: hmirzaii@yahoo.com, hmirzaei@iaut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: In the recent years, association of E.coli O157:H7 with hemorrhagic Colitis has been reported and this strain is known as causative agent of bloody diarrhea and predominant cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of present study was to assess prevention role of fermented milk on E.coli O157:H7 infection which prepared by adding isolated L.plantarum (MLp)and L.casei (MlLc) from local Ligvan cheese either with only one probiotic or combined form of them (MLpc). In this study, 40 male mice (BALB/c strain) with an average of 6-8 weeks old were categorized in 4 groups. During a week, 1 (MLp), 2 (MLc), and 3 (MLpc) test groups were prescribed daily by 0.5 ml milk that were fermented by one of probiotic, the last group, was control group with normal nutrition. All of groups were fed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 equal 0.5 McFarland standards by using gavages, after 24 h from last treatments. The stool samples were taken from all of the group in days 1, 3, 5, and 7 in order to assess the excretion rate of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Five mice from each group were autopsied in 3rd and 7th day for evaluation of the colonization rate. So, 5cm of large intestine of mice were cut and serial dilutions of stool samples were prepared and cultured in Sorbitol Mac Conkey agar. White colonies (Sorbitol negative) in Sorbitol Mac Conkey agar were counted. Based on the statistical tests, there were significant difference (P<0.05) between test groups. The results of present study were shown that the consumption of fermented milk by probiotics could reduce significantly the exertion and colonization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the intestine of the mice.

[Hamid Mirzaei, Hamed Shahirfar, Haedeh Mobaiyen. Effect of consumption of fermented milk with Lactobacillus Casei and Lactobacillus Plantarum isolated from Ligvan Cheese against E.Coli O157:H7 Induced Infections in BALB/C Mice. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5895-5898] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 882

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.882

 

Keywords: Lighvan cheese, milk fermented by probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, E.coli O157:H7

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883

Effects of Turbines and Governing Systems on System Stability

 

Mojtaba Shirvani1, Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni 2, Ahmad Memaripour 3, Elahe Behzadipour 4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Boroujen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujen, Iran

mo_shirvani@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Turbines and Governing Systems are ancillary controllers in power plants. In a power system, the generators are generally driven by turbines and each turbine is equipped with a governing system to control of frequency. In this paper effect of turbines and governing system on dynamic stability of power system is investigated.

[Mojtaba Shirvani, Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni, Ahmad Memaripour, Elahe Behzadipour. Effects of Turbines and Governing Systems on System Stability. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5899-5904] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 883

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.883

 

Keywords: Dynamic Stability of Power System, Turbines and Governing Systems.

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884

 Darboux Helices in Minkowski space

 

Ali Şenol1, Evren Zıplar2, Yusuf Yaylı3, Raheleh Ghadami4

 

1Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Cankiri, Turkey

2,3,4Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Ankara, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey

(Şenol) asenol@karatekin.edu.tr

 

Abstract: In the present study, we give the conditions for a curve in the Minkowski space to be a Darboux helix. We show that  is a Darboux helix if there exists a fixed direction  in  such that the function  is constant. We give the relation between slant helice and Darboux helice. As a particular case, if we take the curves are constant precession. Some more particular cases of constant precession curves are studied.

[Şenol A, Zıplar E, Yayli Y, Ghadami R. Darboux Helices in Minkowski space. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5905-5910] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 884

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.884

 

Keywords: Minkowski 3-space, Frenet equations, Helices, Slant helices, Curves of constant precession, Darboux vector

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885

Studying the Effects of Artificial Pollination and Cycocel Hormone on Germination Traits of Hamedani Alfalfa Seed

 

Setareh Nikzad1, Sorur Arefi2, Maliheh Farsi3, Mojtaba Nikzad4, Mehdi Nikzad5

 

1,2 Young Research Club,Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran

3,4,5 Department of Agriculture, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran

1setare.nikzad @yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of various concentrations of ccc and artificial pollination on the components and behavior of Alfalfa seeds, an experiment of splitting plots with completely randomized blocks and three replications was performed in two-purpose fields (seed-forage) of Boroujerd' s research agricultural station. Basic treatment includes artificial pollination through stretching the rope in two stages at 70% levels of pollination which was replicated in 100% pollination stage as compared to control treatment and the second treatment involves different concentrations of Cycocel Hormone (0, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 liter/ha). The results obtained by analysis of variance indicated that the effects of artificial pollination on the bush length are significant at 5% level in the hormone treatment and considering the number of seeds at artificial pollination and hormone levels, they were significant at the levels of 5 and 1 percents, respectively. In this study, the minimum rate of length and maximum number of seeds were demonstrated by the levels of 6.4 liter and 70%+100%.

[Nikzad S, Arefi S, Farsi M, Nikzad M, Nikzad M. Studying the Effects of Artificial Pollination and Cycocel Hormone on the Germination Traits of Hamedani Alfalfa Seed. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5911-5913] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 885

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.885

Key words: Ccc (cycocel), artificial pollination, alfalfa seed.

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886

Effects of Synchronous Generator Supplementary Controllers on System Stability

 

Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani1, Mehdi Nikzad2, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar3, Hossein Tourang4, Behrang Yousefpour5

 

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

farahani_uni@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: One of the most important supplementary controllers on synchronous generator is turbines and governing systems. In a power system, the generators are generally driven by turbines and each turbine is equipped with a governing system to control of frequency. In this paper effect of turbines and governing system on dynamic stability of power system is investigated.

[Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mehdi Nikzad, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour. Effects of Synchronous Generator Supplementary Controllers on System Stability. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5914-5918] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 886

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.886

 

Keywords: Dynamic Stability of Power System, Turbines and Governing Systems.

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887

Effect of Load Model on Damping of Oscillations in Power Systems

 

Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

mehdinikzad28@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Power system dynamic stability is closely associated with load model and damping of oscillations is affected by load model. In this regard, investigation of load model on system dynamic stability is useful. Application of a practical load model can lead to more suitable results in power system simulations. In this paper, different load models are investigated and some of them are simulated and compared. The results show the great effect of load model on power system stability and performance.

[Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Hossein Tourang, Behrang Yousefpour. Effect of Load Model on Damping of Oscillations in Power Systems. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5919-5923] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 887

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.887

 

Keywords: Low Frequency Oscillations, Load Model, Power System Stability.

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888

Fuzzy Scaled Power System Stabilizer in Multi Machine Power System

 

Behrang Yousefpour, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Hossein Tourang

 

Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

nikzadmehdi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Power System Stabilizers (PSS) are used to generate supplementary damping control signals for the excitation system in order to damp the Low Frequency Oscillations (LFO) of the electric power system. The PSS is usually designed based on classical control approaches but this Conventional PSS (CPSS) has some problems. In order to overcome the drawbacks of CPSS, numerous techniques have been proposed in literatures. In this paper a new Fuzzy type PSS is considered for damping electric power system oscillations. In this Fuzzy approach, the upper and lower bounds of the Fuzzy membership functions are obtained using Genetic Algorithms (GA) optimization method. The proposed Fuzzy-Genetics PSS (FGPSS) is evaluated on a multi machine power system. The simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.

[Behrang Yousefpour, Mohammad Bigdeli Tabar, Mehdi Nikzad, Shoorangiz Shams Shamsabad Farahani, Hossein Tourang. Fuzzy Scaled Power System Stabilizer in Multi Machine Power System. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5924-5928] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 888

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.888

 

Keywords: Electric Power System Stabilizer, Low Frequency Oscillations, Genetic Algorithms Optimization, Fuzzy Logic

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889

The Architectural & Typological Properties of Plans in Design of Historical Monuments in Arak from Qajar Period

 

Ali Mashhadi

 

Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts, Yerevan, Armenia. Alimashhadi55@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: According to the historical documents, the old fabric of Arak is the first pre-thought city in the history of Iran that was constructed based on a pre-planned design. In an era when most towns in Iran were gradually built as organic and based on need of the people, all stages of the construction of the city, from beginning to end, including orientation, spatial organization, composition of land application and building construction were first designed and then executed. Goal of the research is to identify the architectural and typological properties of plans in design of historical monuments in Arak from Qajar period including typology, architectural concept, axes, hierarchy, compositional center, scale, proportion & module. Methodology of the study concentrates on the documentation, descriptive and architecture analysis of the historical monuments and their classification. The combination of qualitative factors with quantitative factors for analysis of monuments has been used. Conclusion of the study is presentation of typology about each of the architectural characteristics, separately for different groups including religious, public, residential, communal, memorial buildings & minor architectural forms.

[Ali Mashhadi. The Architectural & Typological Properties of Plans in Design of Historical Monuments in Arak from Qajar Period. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5929-5935] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 889

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.889

 

Keywords: Architectural features, Typology, Plan, Historical monuments, Arak, Qajar.

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890

Bone marrow stromal cells transplantation impact spatial learning and memory and the expression of BDNF and P75NTR in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia

 

Huili Zhang1, Bo Song1, Guangming Gong2, Yanlin Wang1, Jie Qin1, Yingke Yang1, Jing Qi1, Avinash Chandra 1, Yuming Xu1

 

1. The Third Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China

xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn

 

Abstract: Chronic cerebral ischemia gradually generates cognitive impairment associated with modifications in the hippocampus, a brain structure that is largely involved in learning and memory processes. Such alterations have been attributed to the damage of neuronal plasticity of hippocampus. Numerous of studies demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation improved neural function of animal models with neurological diseases, including chronic cerebral ischemia. The effects of BMSCs transplantation attributed to modulation the express of Brain-derived neurotrophic factorBDNFand P75 neurotrophin receptor (P75NTR) are uncertain. To investigate the potential mechanisms of BMSCs transplantation for treating chronic cerebral ischemia, we established animal model by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and administrated BMSCs with green fluorescent protein (GFP) via tail vein at 48 hours after surgery. We found that the deficiency of spatial learning and memory caused by chronic cerebral ischemia were improved compared with vehicle-injected group. Meanwhile, results of immunohistochemistry in the CA1 region of hippocampus showed that the expression of BDNF was up-regulated and P75NTR was down-regulated. Our research suggested that BDNF and P75NTR could be influenced by BMSCs transplantation which is associated with the spatial learning and memory improvement.

[Zhang HL, Song B, Gong GM, Wang YL, Qin J, Yang YK, Qi J, Chandra A, Xu YM. Bone marrow stromal cells transplantation impact spatial learning and memory and the expression of BDNF and P75NTR in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5936-5942] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 890

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.890

 

Keywords: bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), chronic cerebral ischemia, spatial learning and memory, BDNF, P75NTR

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891

Nomadic Learning Culture: Narratives of a Teacher

 

Mohammad Attaran, Saedah Siraj & Norlidah Alias

 

Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. attaran@um.edu.my

 

Abstract: In this study using the narratives of the teacher of a nomadic tribe during his first year of teaching, we tried to understand the learning culture of itinerant nomadic schools. This study is a narrative inquiry-based research, the one that is belonging to qualitative and interpretative paradigm. The teacher’s diaries revolved around a series of interrelated subjects dealing with his educational setting. The focal point is the students’ learning experiences, with other concepts being the conceptual peripheries. The data analysis shows that students’ learning and corporal punishment are the main concerns of the nomadic teacher. This study shows that several features of nomads’ lifestyle cause disruption in the teacher instruction, which leads to corporal punishment.

[Mohammad Attaran, Saedah Siraj & Norlidah Alias. Nomadic Learning Culture: Narratives of a Teacher. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5943-5948] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 891

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.891

 

Keywords: Nomadic education; nomads’ lifestyle; corporal punishment; students learning

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892

Identification of molecular markers for flower characteristics in Catharanthus roseus producing anticancer compounds

 

F.M. El-Domyati1,2, A.M. Ramadan1,3, N.O. Gadalla1,4, S. Edris1,2, A.M. Shokry1,3, S.M. Hassan1,2, S.E. Hassanien3,5, M.N. Baeshen1, N.H. Hajrah1, M.A. Al-Kordy1,4, O.A. Abuzinadah1, A.S.M. Al- Hajar1, C.C. Akoh6 and A. Bahieldin1,2,*

 

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

2Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

3Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

4Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

5Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Egypt

6Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA

 

Abstract: Catharanthus roseus or vinca produces over 130 TIAs with pharmaceutical value. Two of them, namely vinblastine (VB) and vincristine (VC), are species-specific and extensively used in anticancer chemotherapeutics. To detect C. roseus genotypes abundant in desired TIAs, contrasting genotypes should be analyzed via marker-assisted selection (MAS) to avoid analytical quantitation. A trustable morphological marker, like a flower characteristic, will lessen the selection efforts in improving such a quantitative trait. The present work aims at detecting PCR-based molecular markers, i.e., RAPD, ISSR and AFLP, for eight C. roseus cultivars for flower characteristics as possible markers for high levels of VC and VB. The study indicated high levels of polymorphism generated across different type of marker; AFLP was the most powerful, while ISSR was the least. The polymorphism information content (PIC), average of heterozygosity (He), the effective multiplex ratio (E), and the marker index (MI) revealed that data of ISSR is the least trustable. The overall results separated the cultivars with white versus those with pink colors, on one hand, and versus colored flowers, on the other hand. A number of 79 cultivar-specific markers were detected across type of marker. Other 100 markers for important flower characteristics were also detected. They are white petal, colored petal, pink petal, petal white center and yellow flower eye center. The highest number of flower trait markers was scored during AFLP analysis (65), while the lowest was scored during RAPD analysis (14). Recent efforts indicated that some of these markers can be linked to the levels of the anticancer compounds VC and VB in C. roseus.

[F.M. El-Domyati, A.M. Ramadan, N.O. Gadalla, S. Edris, A.M. Shokry, S.M. Hassan, S.E. Hassanien, M.N. Baeshen, N.H. Hajrah, M.A. Al-Kordy, O.A. Abuzinadah, A.S.M. Al- Hajar, C.C. Akoh and A. Bahieldin. Identification of molecular markers for flower characteristics in Catharanthus roseus producing anticancer compounds. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5949-5960] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 892

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.892

 

Keywords: RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, anticancer compounds, TIAs.

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893

Benefits, clinical facts and potential complications associated with overnight Orthokeratology

 

John Ching-Jen Hsiao 1, 2*

 

1 School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan

johncjhsiao@yahoo.com.tw

 

Abstract: Orthokeratology, also known as corneal reshaping, is a clinical technique designed to alter corneal shape, and in terms providing a temporary correction of myopic refractive error. Although there is no direct evidences showing that orthokeratology itself can halt or even reverse the progression of myopia, there are studies indicated that the procedure can suppress axial length elongation in childhood myopia. Despite its low incidence rate, microbial keratitis is a potential complication of overnight orthokeratology that may cause significant visual impairment. In this article, we will focus on the benefits, clinical facts and potential complication such as infectious keratitis associated with orthokeratology.

[John Ching-Jen Hsiao, Yu-Wen Hsu. Benefits, clinical facts and potential complications associated with overnight orthokeratology. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5961-5964] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 893

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.893

 

Keywords: Orthokeratology, Corneal reshaping, Microbial keratitis, Myopia progression, Axial length

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894

Comparison the Energy Consumption in Modern and Ancient Green houses and its Effective Factors

 

Seyed Nematollah Mousavi & Pegah Shayesteh Gohar

 

Department of Agricultural Management, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

Corresponding: Author: mousavi_sn@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Agricultural development and increasing the amount of producing factor profits related to this part such as energy has very importance in our country economic. So in recent years, energy consumption optimization in agriculture department and its role on performance recovery and profit and in result its diligent profitable was paid attention with researchers. Different factors such as applied technology in greenhouse constructions could be effective on energy consumption optimization. So by attention to this important subject related to energy consumption and technology role of green house construction in agriculture department, aim of this research is evaluation the applied technology role in construction of treed cucumber green houses of Tehran province on related energy consumption to this department. The current article is applied using the mining data from 22 completed questionnaires by managers of treed cucumber green houses of Tehran province in 2011 using the logic method. In this research, two models are formed to hypothesis evaluation. In first model, the main independent variable (which we was discussed) was applied technology in greenhouse (ancient or modern) and the dependent variable is energy consumption amount and rate in each m2 of greenhouse under cultivation area.In second model, the main independent variable was applied technology in greenhouse construction and the dependent variable is energy profit amount and rate. This study results show that contemporary to up to dating and more modernity applied technology in green house constructions of treed cucumber green houses of Tehran province, we will need to lower energy for producing distinct amount and rate of the same product.

 [Seyed Nematollah Mousavi & Pegah Shayesteh Gohar. Comparison the Energy Consumption in Modern and Ancient Green houses and its Effective Factors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5965-5968] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 894

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.894

Keywords: Energy Consumption, logic method, Tehran province, Green house

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895

The Role of ICT in Empowering Women: a case study of Pakistan

 

Muhammad Irfanullah Arfeen1 & 2,  Amna Noor 3

1.Quaid-i-Azam School of Management Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University,  45320 Islamabad, Pakistan

2. Department of Management Sciences, Islamabad Campus, Virtual University of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan

3.School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan

arfeendr@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This study examines the economic and technological challenges faced by women in developing countries like Pakistan. Recently, United Nations are giving priority to women’s equality. Majority of women do not have access to the internet. Only an effective government structure and a fair economic system can make a difference. However, economic growth will not necessarily reduce inequality and poverty. Some government policies have negative impact on women’s empowerment such as immediate effect of the consumable items price hike is enormous. In the same way, the creeping growth of private school and health service is contributing to an increasing inequality and poverty. In this situation, Information and Communication and Technologies (ICTs) have become a very sensitive factor to uplift the social and economic situation of people. Gender inequality exists in Pakistan, therefore, the gender equality gap is measured by looking at education, employment, health, and politics. ICT can be used as tool for women empowerment, without it, there is little possibility for Pakistan to improve its ranking, as set by the United Nations eGovernment Index. Understanding the process by which ICT might foster socioeconomic development is challenging. Nevertheless, ICT can empower women, and this empowerment focus on the importance of increasing their control over decision-making and improving their living standards. In the end, this study provided the SWOT analysis to see the challenges of ICT initiatives for women empowerment in Pakistan.

[Arfeen MI. The Role of ICT in Empowering Women: a case study of Pakistan. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5969-5973]. ISSN 1097-8135. http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 895.

Keywords: ICT, empower, equality, gender, women

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The manuscripts in this issue are presented as online first for peer-review, starting from July 5, 2012. 

All comments are welcome: editor@sciencepub.net

For previous issues of the Life Science Journal, click here. http://www.lifesciencesite.com

Emails: editor@sciencepub.net; sciencepub@gmail.com; lifesciencej@gmail.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

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