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REVIEW ON BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS PUBLIC IMPORTANCE

Hissa Dingeta Taressa, Asmamaw Aki* and Ramadan Teshome

Kondala Woreda Agriculture and Land  office, Animal Health Department head, Disease Prevention and control  Expert, West Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Assosa Regional, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O.BOX 326, cell phone +251-902330029, asmamawaki@gmail.com

Mutsa Kebele Veterinary Clinic, Bambasi District Agriculture, Assosa Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State.

SUMMARY: Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted from infected animals to humans through close contact and the ingestion of raw animal products, especially unpasteurized milk from diseased animals. While Mycobacterium bovis predominantly affects members of the Bovidae family, it can also infect humans. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that incurs significant economic burdens due to costly eradication programs and complicates the movement of animals and their products. This chronic infectious disease is characterized by the formation of granulomas in various tissues, particularly the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, intestines, and kidneys. The main etiological agent, Mycobacterium bovis, is an acid-fast bacterium distinguished by the presence of mycolic acid in its cell wall. Transmission occurs through both aerogenous and enterogenous routes. Although M. bovis is not the primary cause of human tuberculosis, it still poses a threat to human health through the consumption of raw milk, meat, and other products from infected animals or via inhalation of infectious droplets. In Ethiopia, bovine tuberculosis is endemic, with transmission primarily occurring through the ingestion of unpasteurized contaminated milk and contact with infected animals. The disease is associated with the development of miliary tubercular lesions, chronic cough, obstructions of air passages, and enlargement of lymph nodes. The objective of this review is to highlight the significance of tuberculosis as a critical bacterial disease affecting both humans and animals worldwide, with a particular focus on its complex and multi-species nature, including bovine, avian, and human TB.

[Hissa Dingeta Taressa, Asmamaw Aki and Ramadan Teshome. REVIEW ON BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS PUBLIC IMPORTANCE. Life Sci J 2026;23(11):1-13]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj231126.01

Keywords:  Bovine; Ethiopia Mycobacterium Bovis; Zoonotic Disease

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SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA

Franklin Nwaokondi Joel¹, Blessing Jachinma Okonko², Hope Chioma Innocent-Adiele¹, Nwanneka Eleje Ewa-Udu², Ngozi Blessing Wobo¹, Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko¹

¹Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

²Medical Microbiology & Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Madonna University Nigeria, Rivers State, Nigeria

Corresponding email address: hope.innocent-adiele@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract: This study determined the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs or HBsAb) among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 93 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from the participants and centrifuged to obtain serum. The separated sera were tested for the presence of anti-HBs using the HBsAb One Version ULTRA fourth-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (DIA.PRO, Italy), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sociodemographic information, including age, educational status, marital status, and occupation, was obtained from the participants' hospital records. Of the 93 pregnant women tested, 11 (11.8%) were positive for anti-HBs. Pregnant women aged 31–40 years recorded the highest prevalence of anti-HBs positivity (17.4%). Based on marital status, married women had a higher prevalence of anti-HBs positivity (18.0%) compared with single women (4.7%). Based on educational status, pregnant women with secondary education had a higher prevalence of anti-HBs positivity (16.0%) compared with other categories. Based on occupation, house wives had a higher prevalence of anti-HBs positivity (13.8%) compared with other occupational categories. Overall, although variations in HBsAb positivity were observed across the different sociodemographic categories, none of the assessed sociodemographic characteristics showed a statistically significant association with HBsAb positivity (p > 0.05). The study demonstrates the presence of hepatitis B surface antibodies among pregnant women attending RSUTH, suggesting previous exposure to hepatitis B virus and/or immunity resulting from vaccination or resolved infection. Further studies incorporating other HBV serological markers, particularly HBsAg and anti-HBc, are recommended to distinguish vaccine-induced immunity from immunity following natural infection. Routine HBV screening and appropriate vaccination and preventive interventions during antenatal care remain important components of HBV control.

[Joel FN, Okonko BJ, Innocent-Adiele HC, Ewa-Udu NE, Wobo NB & Okonko IO. Serological Evidence of Hepatitis B Surface Antibody among Pregnant Women Attending a Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2026;23(11):14-21]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj231126.02

Keywords: Anti-HBs; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B surface antibody; Pregnant women; Antenatal care.

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Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles : Integrating Metabolomics, Nanoinformatics,  and Antimicrobial Evaluation Against Clinically Relevant Human Pathogens

Dr. A. Kalaiarasan *

Head and Research  Department of Microbiology,  Muthayammal Memorial College of Arts and Science , Kakkaveri, Rasipuram Taluk, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: myla_kalai@yahoo.com and mullaiarasan2013@gmail.com

Abstract: Present investigation was carried out to deliberation the bio-synthesis of antagonistic activity analysis efficacy of silver and zinc nanoparticles against humanpathogens using Wrightia tinctoria plant leaves extract. The silver and zinc nanoparticles were characterized find out several analytical techniques. UV-Visible Spectrometer, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis and SEM-Scanning electron microscope with EDAX-analysis. The bio-synthesis silver and zinc nanoparticles were analyses for their antagonistic activity against humanpathogenic microorganisms. Further investigation of bio-synthesized silver and zinc nanoparticles in Wrightia tinctoria leaves extract. Antagonistic activity of bio-synthesized silver and zinc nanoparticle Wrightia tinctoria in leaves extract. The E. faecalis is highest zone of inhibition than that against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus in Wrightia tinctoria plant leaves silver extract. The moderate activity of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus maximum activity in both samples. Where as in zinc nanoparticles showed antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus is higher zone of inhibition than that against E. coli, E, faecalis and K. pneumoniae leaves zinc extract. The maximum activity of S. aureus in both samples.

[Dr. A. Kalaiarasan. Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles : Integrating Metabolomics, Nanoinformatics,  and Antimicrobial Evaluation Against Clinically Relevant Human Pathogens. Life Sci J 2026;23(11):22-33]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj231126.03

Key words: Wrightia tinctoria; UV-Visible Spectrometer; EDAX-analysis; E. coli; E. faecalis; Klebsiella pneumoniae

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