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Spectroscopic studies on the essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora L. from Kaduna, Nigeria

Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale¹* and Chinyere Imoisi²

¹Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author: E-mail: samuelokhale@gmail.com; Phone: +2348036086812

Abstract: The simultaneous use of GC-MS and NMR provide valuable and complementary information on the molecular weight and chemical structure of a compound respectively. The aim of this study was to carry out a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopic studies on the essential oil obtained from the dried leaves of Eucarlyptus citriodora, collected from Kaduna, Nigeria. The dried leaves of Eucarlyptus citriodora were collected from several randomly selected trees in a farm site in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna state and then processed into an extract. Hydrodistillation extraction (HDE) and GC-MS (HDE-GC-MS) were used to extract and analyse the volatile compounds, VOCs (essential oil) respectively from Eucarlyptus citriodora leaf and the percentage of each components were reported as raw area percentage based on the total ion current. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation with a yield of 3.5% (v/w). Twenty-nine (29) different components accounting for 100% of the total volatile oils were identified. Citronellal (46.87%) was the predominant monoterpene constituent, followed by isopulegol (7.68%), citronellol (7.47%), 3-tetradecanol (4.98%) and citronellic acid (4.31%). 2D NMR analysis of the essential oil also identified citronellal as the major constituent. The other compounds present were citronellyl acetate (2.67%), p-methane-1,8-diol (1.78%), cyclohexylacetone (1.71), 5-caranol (1.7%), caryophyllene (1.41%), caryophyllene oxide (1.34%), β-pinene (1.25%), eucalyptol (0.96%), myrcenol (0.73%), menthone (0.59%), citronellol epoxide (0.54%), linalool (0.5%), citronellyl formate (0.47%), α-pinene (0.4%), methyleugenol (0.38%), geraniol (0.35 %), and geranyl acetate (0.35%) were identified as in minor quantities. This result is consistent with previous studies on the chemical composition of the leaf essential oils of E. citriodora samples from other parts of the world.

[Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale and Chinyere Imoisi. Spectroscopic studies on the essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora L. from Kaduna, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2026;23(5):1-7]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj230526.01

Keywords: Essential oils; Eucalyptus citriodora; Citronellal; Myrtacea; hydrodistillation

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Treatment of a Large Maxillary Cyst with Marsupialization (Case report)

Ahmed Fathi AL-Omar¹ , Usama Abd El Raouf El Dakrory²

1-           Postgraduate student, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

2-           lecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr University of science and technology.

Author of correspondence:

Ahmed Fathi AL-Omar

Mobile: 00966566684840

E-Mail: AHMED_ALOMAR@HOTMAIL.COM

ABSTRACT: A large maxillary cyst was treated for 6 months with marsupialization and decompression, followed by surgical removal  of the affected  supernumerary teeth  and cystectomy. Various treatment methods for huge cystic lesion of the jaw exist, such as, resection of the involved bone, enucleation and decompression. Among these methods, enucleation after decompression is a conservative technique that decreases the size of the cystic cavity and reduces the risk of intrabony defects, which could be induced by primary enucleation. In addition, it can save the adjacent anatomic structures Surgical enucleation of a large cystic lesion may lead to damage of other teeth or anatomic structures. Therefore, treatment should begin with the more conservative approach of decompression, to reduce the size of the lesion, followed by apicoectomy and cystectomy.

[Ahmed Fathi AL-Omar, Usama Abd El Raouf El Dakrory. Treatment of a Large Maxillary Cyst with Marsupialization (Case report). Life Sci J 2026;23(5):8-14]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj230526.02

Key Words: Maxillary cyst; Marsupialization.

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Abdominal Hernia in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia; Prevalence, risk factors and character of the hernia

Abdulmajeed Ahmed Alenazi ¹, Mahmoud Mohammed Alsharif¹, Malik Azhar Hussain², Naif Gharbi Alenazi¹, Abdulrhman Ahmed Alenazi¹, Shouq Amjad Almadani¹, Nour Homoud Alanazi¹, Jazzaa Hammad  Alshammari¹, Alwaleed Oqab Altimyat¹, Tariq Hulayyil Alanazi¹

¹ Faculty of medicine, northern border university.

² Assistant professor of surgery, northern border university.

Abstract: Background: Abdominal wall hernia is a very common surgical condition affecting all ages and both sexes. The main risk factors of hernia include pregnancy, weight lifting, constipation, and gaining weight. Objective: The aim of this study is to highlight the prevalence of abdominal hernia, its causes, treatment and complications among both sexes of Arar population. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1567 adults living in Arar city population. Data was collected by personal interview via questionnaire translated into Arabic and general and local examination. Results: the overall prevalence of abdominal hernia was 11.7%, Hernia was more prevalent in females than males (63.4% Vs 36.6%), the most common sites was para-umbilical 33.9%, inguinal 27.3%, umbilical in 20.8%. of cases, 51.9% were obese, 53.6% had previous abdominal surgery, 19.1% had previous abdominal trauma, 28.4% had positive family history of hernia and 39.9% were grand multipara. Hernia was significantly affected by sex, obesity, previous abdominal surgery, previous abdominal trauma, positive family history of hernia and being grand multipara (P value < 0.05). Treatment of hernia was surgical in 47.5% and conservative in 47.0%, complications occurred in 20.2% and 25.1% was recurrent after treatment and of hernias. Conclusion & Recommendations: Abdominal wall hernias are common clinical presentation in Arar, KSA. Abdominal hernia is more common in women than men, there is an obvious relationship between obesity and hernia. Early diagnosis, easily accessible health facilities and health education are important to prevent complications. New modality of treatment should be adopted as the standard choice of care to prevent the recurrence.

[Abdulmajeed Ahmed Alenazi, Mahmoud Mohammed Alsharif, Malik Azhar Hussain, Naif Gharbi Alenazi, Abdulrhman Ahmed Alenazi, Shouq Amjad Almadani, Nour Homoud Alanazi, Jazzaa Hammad  Alshammari, Alwaleed Oqab Altimyat, Tariq Hulayyil Alanazi. Abdominal Hernia in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia; Prevalence, risk factors and character of the hernia. Life Sci J 2026;23(5):15-21]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj230526.03

Keywords: Abdominal Hernia; Arar city; Northern Saudi Arabia; Prevalence; risk factor; hernia

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