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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and their Adaptation in Diverse Crop Production Practices

Samuel Oluwagbemiga Akinrinola¹, Tolulope Oluwatobiloba Idowu²*, Tajudeen Bamidele Akinrinola²**, Deborah Tofunmi Ogunjinmi², Ebenezer Oluwasegun Oluwadare², Ekpena John Akpan³

^1. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Nigeria

^2. Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

³ Department of Soil Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

 *toluene4mail@gmail.com; **tb.akinrinola@gmail.com

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with plant roots and soil microbes, delivering mutual benefits. As a key component of the soil microbiome, AMF significantly affects how host plants grow and develop. They also play a major role in the composition and structure of plant communities. This role is vital for preserving plant species diversity, ecosystem stability, and overall ecological health. When AMF is introduced to plants, it enhances the root system's ability to absorb nutrients from decomposing organic matter. The biochemical activity of AMF fosters a specific and beneficial microbial community within the plant's root zone (rhizosphere) and, to some extent, in the surrounding soil. Consequently, evaluating how well AMF functions and adapts under different cultivation practices and soil modifications is crucial for optimizing or sustaining crop yields. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi associations are formed through the interaction of soil fungi and plant roots, where the fungi penetrate root tissues, leading to mutual benefits for both organisms. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi represent a diverse group of soil microorganisms that exert various positive effects on the growth of their host plants. The symbiotic relationship between AMF and soil enhances plant nutrient uptake, making it a vital factor in plant nutrition. Therefore, assessing the efficiency and adaptability of AMF in diverse agricultural practices and soil amendments is essential for improving or maintaining crop production. This review will briefly explore how arbuscular AMF influences plant growth and nutrition.

[Akinrinola SO, Idowu TO, Akinrinola TB, Ogunjinmi DT, Oluwadare EO, Akpan EJ. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and their Adaptation in Diverse Crop Production Practices. Life Sci J 2026;23(1):1-18]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj230126.01

Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Plant-fungus interaction; plant stress tolerance; ecosystem function; cropping system

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Assessment of Genetic diversity in populations of Parkia biglobosa in Derived and Guinea Savanna Zones of Nigeria

^1*Usman, I. A., ²Lawal, A., ²Onyekwelu, J.C. and ³James, G.O

1Department of Forest Production and Products, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria

2Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

3Department of Biochemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria

 Corresponding email: aukwublie@yahoo.com

Abstract: Parkia biglobosa (African locust bean) is a valuable multipurpose tree species widely used by local communities across West Africa for food, medicine, and income generation. Despite its importance, its natural populations are declining due to overexploitation and poor regeneration, putting its genetic resources at risk.”This study assessed the genetic diversity of P. biglobosa in three populations (Benue, Kogi, and Nasarawa States), which were purposively selected based on the intensity of utilization and marketing of its products located in two savanna ecological zones (derived and guinea) of Nigeria, using nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) markers. Leaf samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from silica gel-dried leaf tissue. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed using five nSSR primers (Parpan3, Parpan4, Parpan9, Parpan13, and Parpan15). The amplified DNA fragments were separated using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Fragment sizes were estimated using ladder – DNA sizing marker and analyzed with CERVUS 3.0.7 software. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 - 7, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.333, while expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.533 to 0.923 within populations.  Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values within populations ranged from 0.346 - 0.840, indicating that the markers were highly informative. Across populations and ecological zones, allelic richness ranged from 6.6 to 12.8, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0000-0.0686 and 0.8339-0.9217, respectively. Despite high expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity was low, most likely due to the presence of null alleles and inbreeding arising from restricted gene flow within fragmented populations. The results show high genetic variation within and between populations, though not fully expressed at the phenotypic level. The SSR markers (Parpan 3, 9 and 13) used proved effective and are recommended for future genetic studies on P. biglobosa. However, broader sampling across the species range is needed for more comprehensive conclusions. This study highlights the need for urgent conservation and sustainable management strategies, including habitat protection and plantation development outside the natural range of the species.

[Usman, I. A., Lawal, A., Onyekwelu, J.C. and James, G.O. Assessment of Genetic diversity in populations of Parkia biglobosa in Derived and Guinea Savanna Zones of Nigeria using Nuclear Microsatellite markers (SSR). Life Sci J 2026;23(1):16-25]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj230126.02

Keywords: conservation; genetic diversity; management; Parkia biglobosa; PCR

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Effect of Topical Resveratrol Formulation on Healing of Experimental Full Thickness Wound in Diabetic Male Albino Rats: (Histological and Immunohistochemical study)

Wardah Abdullah Alasmari¹ Naser A. ElSawy², Mohammed A.S. Abourehab^{3, 4}, Eman Mohamed Faruk⁵, Ashwaq Abdullah Alasmari⁶

¹Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine, Umm al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.²Department of Anatomy & Embryology Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.³Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA⁴Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt⁵Department Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.⁶ Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA.

Correspondence: Wardah Abdullah Alasmari University of Umm Al Qura, Department of Anatomy, Medicine KSA

E-Mail  (naser_elsawy@ymail.com) telephone 0966540889314.

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

ABSTRACT： Impaired healing of wounds is one of the most serious diabetes mellitus microvascular complications. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol compound, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential of topical resveratrol formulation on histological, immunohistochemical and anti-oxidative findings in experimentally induced full-thickness wound model in induced diabetic rats. Seventy - two albino rats were divided into two main groups: normal control group (18 rats) and diabetic group (54 rats) which divided equally into three sub groups: sub group (I) received plain ointment base and considered as control diabetic positive; sub group (II) received topical standard marketed product for wound healing containing β-Sitosterol (MEBO) (0.25% w/w) and considered as reference group, while sub group (III) received topical Resveratrol 0.5% ointment, and considered as test group.  Wound surface area (W.S.A) and oxidative enzymes, Histological and Immunohistochemical studies were carried out for each group throughout treatment period (1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd weeks). The obtained results showed that topical resveratrol ointment showed more potential healing effect on diabetic wound than the reference product. Resveratrol has percent wound contraction rate high than the wound closure rate than MEBO. Wound treated with resveratrol (group II) showed re-epithelialization and increased epidermal thickness compared with rats in control diabetic (group I). So, topical application of resveratrol ointment has potential effect on enhancing wound healing process in diabetic conditions, and this activity may be attributed – mainly – to its free-radical scavenging activity.

[Wardah Abdullah Alasmari, Naser A. ElSawy, Mohammed A.S. Abourehab, Eman Mohamed Faruk, Ashwaq Abdullah Alasmari. Effect of Topical Resveratrol Formulation on Healing of Experimental Full Thickness Wound in Diabetic Male Albino Rats: (Histological and Immunohistochemical study). Life Sci J 2026;23(1):26-43]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj230126.03

Keywords:   Resveratrol; Wound Healing; Diabetic Rats; topical formulation

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The Philosophical Basis of Life in Sociology

Ma Hongbao, PhD

Queens, New York, USA

Phone: 718-404-5362; Email: mafornewyork@gmail.com

Abstract: Sociological immortality does not claim that all deaths can or should be eliminated, nor does it assert that societies can achieve perfect justice. Its scope is explicitly limited to deaths that are predictable, preventable, and institutionally produced under existing technological and economic conditions. By defining its domain narrowly, the framework avoids utopian assumptions while remaining normatively rigorous.

[Ma Hongbao. The Philosophical Basis of Life in Sociology. Life Sci J 2026;23(1):44-46]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 04. doi:10.7537/marslsj230126.04

Keywords: Sociological; immortality; justice; technological; economic

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