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Molecular and epidemiologic characterisation of selected tick-borne pathogens circulating in extensively reared cattle along the Ethiopian-Sudanese border region of Benishangul Gumuz, Western Ethiopia

Bayisa Kenaw^1,2, Shihun Shimelis², Berhanu Sibhat², Teshale Sori³, Peter Odhiambo Otieno⁴, Derje Kussa⁵, Getachew Abichu⁶, Jandouwe Villinger⁴, Dan Masiga⁴ and Shewit Kalayou⁴

1. Bureau of Agriculture, Benishangul-Gumuz regional state, Assosa, Ethiopia

2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia

3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishouftu, Ethiopia

4. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

5. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

6. Animal Health Institute Sebta, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT: Ticks are widely distributed throughout Ethiopia, presenting a significant challenge to livestock and causing considerable economic losses that impact the livelihoods of resource-poor farming communities. This study aimed to assess the species composition and determine the prevalence of TBPs in extensively reared cattle populations at the border region of Ethiopia and Sudan. In a cross-sectional study conducted in the Benishangul-Gumuz region from July to November 2019, we collected 1,015 cattle blood samples. We identified TBPs in the samples by high-resolution melting analysis (HRM) analysis and representative sequencing of genus-specific PCR products. We detected TBPs in 78.1% of blood samples, including Anaplasma marginale (30%), Anaplasma platys (6.4%), Candidatus Anaplasma cinensis (7.4%), Anaplasma spp. (12.7%), Theileria velifera (29.4%), Theileria orientalis (20.9%), and Theileria sergenti (7.6%). Co-infection occurred in 36.6% of the samples, with A. marginale and T. velifera being the most frequent co-infection combination. Cattle in lowland regions faced a higher risk of TBP infections and the risk of Anaplasma spp. infection was greater in cattle from the Assosa District than those from the Bambasi District. Anaplasma was more prevalent in Assosa, while Theileria was more prevalent in Bambasi District. Candidatus Anaplasma cinenis was identified in the present study for the first time in Ethiopian livestock population. The findings of this study contribute to a better knowledge of the epidemiology of TBPs, enhancing the understanding of animal health practitioners and regional authorities in the context of transboundary tick-borne disease management in East Africa.

[Bayisa Kenaw, Shihun Shimelis, Berhanu Sibhat, Teshale Sori, Peter Odhiambo Otieno, Derje Kussa, Getachew Abichu, Jandouwe Villinger, Dan Masiga and Shewit Kalayou. Molecular and epidemiologic characterisation of selected tick-borne pathogens circulating in extensively reared cattle along the Ethiopian-Sudanese border region of Benishangul Gumuz, Western Ethiopia. Life Sci J 2025;22(10):1-17]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj221025.01

Keywords: co-infection; DNA; species; tick-borne pathogens; Anaplasma; Theileria

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PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE AND PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157: H7 FROM RAW COW MILK IN AND AROUND ASSOSA TOWN, BENISHANBGUL GUMUZ ,WESTERN, ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki  Jano

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: +251-902330029

ABSTRACT: Across-sectional study was conducted on Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of  E.coli O157:7 and its public health Impact in milk supply chain of Assosa District, Benishangul Gumuz, western Ethiopia from October 2024 to April 2025 in Dairy cows, with the objectives to isolate and identify  pathogenic E.coli from raw cow milk supply chain, to assess the public health significance associated with risk factors and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. A total of 384 samples were collected from dairy cow and processed bacteriologically and the isolate were tested with a number of biochemical tests for confirmation and identification of E. coli. The study revealed that 5.72% of the collected raw milk was contaminated with E. coli. Higher (12.90%) E.coli contamination was reported in milkers’ hand swab followed by (6.06%) milk samples, (5.2%) container swab and 1.85% udder swab. In this study, there was significant (p< 0.05) association between the udder washing practices,  sample types,  herd size, milking hygiene,  and  teat lesion  of the cow with the isolates of  pathogenic E.coli. In other way, previous udder infection, floor type, age, breed, stage of lactation, pregnancy status,   and blind teat  risk factors was not significant (P>0.05).  Majority (95%) of drug resistance prevalence was reported in penicillin G, followed by (82%) Oxacillin; ciprofloxacin (72%), 64% chloramphenicol; and 39% streptomycin and 32% of tetracycline. Whereas higher  (86%) of drug sensitivity or  susceptibility was recorded in Gentamycin, followed by 64% tetracycline, 50% streptomycin, and 36% chloramphenicol and 27% ciprofloxacin.  In this study 45% MDR were recorded in three  classes of drugs and four classes (4.5%) of antibiotic discs. The presence and consumption of raw milk may constitute a public health hazard and reduced milk quality due to pathogenic E. coli. Thus health professionals should create awareness about milk handling practice, storage and milking process to Dairy farmer, milk handlers’, and milk collectors.  And hence, regular resistance follow-up, using antimicrobials sensitivity tests helps to select effective antibiotics and to reduce the problems of drug resistance developments towards commonly used antimicrobials so as to reduce the problem encountered.

[Asmamaw Aki  Jano. PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE AND PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157: H7 FROM RAW COW MILK IN AND AROUND ASSOSA TOWN, BENISHANBGUL GUMUZ, WESTERN, ETHIOPIA. Life Sci J 2025;22(10):18-41]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj221025.02

 Key words: Antimicrobial; Bovine; Dairy cows; E.coli; E.coliO157

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My own experience in treating brain cancer, pain, ankylosing spondylitis and other diseases

Sun Chunwu

Sun Chunwu (1948-), male (Han ethnicity), from Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, mainly engaged in research on natural sciences, etc;

Author statement: I guarantee that the following article is the copyright owner of this work,

Unit Name: Visiting Professor at the Talent Education and Training Center of the China Management Science Research Association, Jiangsu Yangzhou Sanli Electric Appliance Group Co., Ltd

Postal Code 225008 Email:  yzscw0514@163.com  WeChat account scw20171020

Abstract: It is important not to mistakenly believe that viruses cause cancer cell overgrowth. Long term use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy inevitably requires patients to receive intravenous infusion to form a new molecular structure of the body, in order to ensure the survival and recovery environment of living cells.  The human body is a complex system, with high and low water levels, high and low water temperatures, fast and slow water flow rates, and injection of water into the skin. The effects of drinking hot water that is processed by the stomach on chronic patients are vastly different in the long run.  Water can relieve pain, but it can worsen the condition.  If the long-term abuse of hanging water infusion and the entry of small molecules of water and drugs into the skin, centripetal rotation will evolve into a new genetic consequence problem. 

[Sun Chunwu, My own experience in treating brain cancer, pain, ankylosing spondylitis and other diseases. Life Sci J 2025;22(10):42-66]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj221025.03

Key words: centripetal rotation and centrifugal rotation ellipse; leukemia; cancer; gene; AIDS; immunity; drinking hot Chinese medicine soup; western medicine with water infusion; diet and personal prevention and treatment

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Impacts of Physico-chemical parameters of effluent from Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant on Enteropathogens of Surrounding Water Body

                                          Adayi, Florence Iyaji

                Department of Microbiology, Uniersity of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria.

                                  Email: florenceadayi@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study on the impacts of physico-chemical parameters of effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant on enteropathogens of surrounding water body was conducted, and a total of fifteen (15) water samples were collected from Wupa river, with five (5) each from the upstream, downstream and point of effluent discharge into the river and screened for the presence of enteropathogens and then analysed for physio-chemical parameters using standard laboratory procedures. The isolation of enteropathogens associated with effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant samples was also determined using the spread plate technique. The point of effluent discharge had higher temperature of 24.70±0.71 ^oC than the upstream (24.60±1.42 ^oC) and downstream (24.20±1.02 ^oC) respectively. Similarly, at the point of effluent discharge to the River, the nitrate (1.70±0.28mg/l), phosphate (0.12±0.02mg/l) and chloride (11.10±2.3mg/l), turbidity (29.44±4.60), total dissolved solid (16.00±2.69mg/l), conductivity (125±14.21 μS/cm), chemical oxygen demand (25±1.00mg/l), and biochemical oxygen demand (1.89±0.33mg/l) was lower than that of the upstream and downstream respectively while the pH was the same with that of the upstream pH (7.40±0.03). Results of the total aerobic bacterial loads upstream ranged from 1.06×10⁹±0.20 Cfu/ml to 1.23×10⁹±0.21 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.65×10⁸±0.21 Cfu/ml to 2.9×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml. However, the total aerobic bacterial loads at the point of effluent discharge to the River range from 8.20×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml to 9.40×10⁸±0.22 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.10×10⁷±0.11 Cfu/ml to 2.40×10⁷±0.14 Cfu/ml. The downstream of wupa river recorded the highest number of enteropathogens with seven (7) bacteria which include Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Oblitimonas alkaliphila. Maximum of five (5) enteropathogens were isolated from the point of effluent discharge to the river and they include Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Oblitimonas alkaliphila. Similarly, the maximum of five (5) enteropathogens were also isolated from the Upstream station of Wupa River before discharge point and they include Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae respectively as represented in Figure 1. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria which represented 25.64%, followed by five Salmonella species which represented 23.08% of the total isolates. Proteus mirabilis was eight (8) (20.51%) while Klebsiella pneumoniae recorded 15.38% and Enterobacter cloacae isolated was 10.26%, whereas Oblitimonas alkaliphila recorded 5.13 % being the least number of isolated bacteria. It can be concluded from this study that, there was positive correlation between the physic-chemical parameters of effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant and the enteropathogens of surrounding water body. Therefore the need for proper treatment, management and monitoring of the effluent before discharged into surrounding water body.

[Adayi, Florence Iyaji. Impacts of Physico-chemical parameters of effluent from Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant on Enteropathogens of Surrounding Water Body. Life Sci J 2025;22(10):67-76]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj221025.04

Keywords: Physico-Chemical, Wupa River; Effluent; Enteropathogens

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