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Effects of Climatic Change on Honeybees - Review article

Dalal M. Aljedani

Department of Biological sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

dmaljedani@uj.edu.sa

Abstract: A review of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), one of the most significant pollinators for ecosystems and agriculture, is given in this review. It is regarded as a vital yet delicate contributor to global biodiversity and food security, alongside many other species that are facing previously unheard-of challenges due to uneven climate drivers. The impact of climate change on honeybee habitats is a concern for scientists. This review study examines the complex relationship between honeybee health and climate change, which may lead to behavioral changes. It also discusses how foraging, reproduction, and colony survival are impacted by variations in temperature and weather patterns. The various processes that demonstrate their vulnerability will be the focus of this study, which will also underscore the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate the potential outcomes of policy implementation.

[Dalal M. Aljedani . Effects of Climatic Change on Honeybees. Life Sci J 2025;22(9):1-13]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj220925.01

Keywords: Apis mellifera; Beekeeping management strategies; Climate effect; Colony loss; Global biodiversity

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Molluscicidal Activity of Aloe vera and Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and their active ingredients against snail Lymnaea acuminata

Sidheswari Singh and Vinay Kumar Singh*

Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, UP, INDIA

Cell phone +91-9807110100; vinaygkpuniv@gmail.com, vinay.zool@ddugu.ac.in

Abstract: Freshwater snails Lymnaea acuminata (Lymnaeidae) are the vectors of the parasite trematode Fasciola gigantica, which causes the zoonotic disease fascioliasis in bovine populations and humans as well. The current study sought to ascertain whether the medicinal plants Chrysenthemum cinerariifolium and Aloe vera may serve as a possible natural molluscicide source to control the intermediate host snail population at the threshold level. The effectiveness of these plants was evaluated through a series of laboratory experiments, where their extracts were tested for toxicity against Lymnaea acuminata. To get aqueous extracts, freshly harvested aerial parts of C. cinerariifolium and A. vera plants were treated. Healthy and acclimated snails were subjected to varying doses of the extract and organic solvents over a period of up to 96 h in order to assess the toxicity of these extracts. The snails were monitored for signs of mortality and the data collected was analyzed to determine the lethal concentration and the effects of the extracts. Both plant extracts' toxicity exhibits a response that varies with time and concentration. During the 96 h exposure period, the toxicity of C. cinerariifolium leaf (80.2 mg/l) was more pronounced than that of A. vera (406.03 mg/l). The active component Pyrethrum extract from C. cinerariifolium compresses (0.20 mg/l) more effective than the 96 h LC₅₀ of Aloin (1.11 mg/l). Results indicated that both C. cinerariifolium and A. vera exhibited significant molluscicidal activity, suggesting their potential use in integrated pest management strategies to reduce the transmission of fascioliasis.

[Sidheswari Singh and Vinay Kumar Singh. Molluscicidal Activity of Aloe vera and Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and their active ingredients against snail Lymnaea acuminata. Life Sci J 2025;22(9):14-22]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj220925.02

Keywords: Fascioliasis; Lymnaea acuminata; Fasciola gigantica; Plant molluscicide; Aloe vera; Chrysenthemum cinerariifolium

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Neural Network Algorithm in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Face Recognition

Alireza Heidari^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 *}

¹Department of Biology, Spelman College, 350 Spelman Lane Southwest, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

²Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA

³BioSpectroscopy Core Research Laboratory (BCRL), California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA

⁴Cancer Research Institute (CRI), California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA

⁵American International Standards Institute (AISI), Irvine, CA 3800, USA

⁶Albert–Ludwigs–Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden–Württemberg, Germany

⁷Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Padua, Italy

⁸Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy

*Corresponding Author E–Mail Addresses:  Scholar.Researcher.Scientist@gmail.com;  Alireza.Heidari@calsu.us; Central@aisi-usa.org

Graphical Abstract: Deep learning algorithms are a subset of machine learning algorithms that aim to discover multiple levels of distributed representations of input data. Recently, many deep learning algorithms have been proposed to solve traditional artificial intelligence problems. Now days, deep learning has been extensively studied in the field of computer vision and as such, a large number of related methods have arisen. Today, different algorithms and models of neural network–based research have made their place among the classification of images. The main purpose of these algorithms is to train the machine in artificial networks in a way that ultimately has a diagnosis close to the human brain. Among a variety of neural networks, CNN's channel neural networks usually offer good accuracy in the classification of images. In this article, in the first episode, we will discuss 4 deep learning methods: Convolutional neural network (CNN), Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMS), Autoencoders and Sparse coding, which after determining the necessary assumptions and applying a preliminary pre–training using the channel neural network algorithm we need Convolutional to perform a general preprocessing on the entered samples. Therefore, a preprocessing is performed on all data and preprocessed samples are stored in a separate location and then the rest of the processes are applied to these samples. Then, we use deep learning to identify faces and reveal them, and deep learning algorithms to reveal different subjects. 

[Alireza Heidari. Neural Network Algorithm in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Face Recognition. Life Sci J 2025;22(9):23-37]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj220925.03

Keywords: Neural Network; Convolution; Deep Learning; Facial Revealing; Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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HYGIENIC PRACTICES, PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATED FROM MILK SUPPLY CHAIN IN AND AROUND BANBASI TOWN, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ,  WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki *

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: +251-902330029

ABSTRACT: Across-sectional study was conducted on Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of salmonella and its Public health significance in milk supply chain of Banbasi town, western Ethiopia from December 2024 to March 2025 in dairy cows, with the objectives to isolate and identify salmonella from milk and milking environment, to assess the public health significance associated with risk factors and to estimate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella isolates. A total of 384 samples were collected from Dairy cow and processed with Bacteriological methods.  The Isolates were tested with a number of biochemical tests for confirmation and identification of salmonella. The study revealed that, 27.08% of salmonella prevalence was identified in collected milk swab samples in milk supply chain.  Higher (38.28%) salmonella contamination was reported in milk container (bucket swab followed by milkers’ hand swab (23.43%), and (19.53%) milk samples (P<0.05). There was significant (p< 0.05) association among  age, parity,  pregnancy status,  body conditions,  milking hygiene, teat lesion, udder washing, and drainage, with salmonella occurrence, which has significant difference (P<0.05). Whereas, breed, lactation stage, barn floor system, herd size, previous udder infection and blind teat had non- significantly associated with salmonella (P>0.05). Majority (90%) of drug resistance prevalence was reported in Penicillin G, followed by (86%) amoxicillin, cefoxitin (80%), 66% streptomycin, 50% sulphonamide and 50% gentamycin. Whereas higher (96%) of drug susceptibility was recorded in chloramphenicol (88%), followed by 66% ciprofloxacin, and 50% gentamycin. In this study, 34% mult- drug resistance were recorded in two (20%); three (10%); and five (4%) of antibiotic discs. The presence and consumption of raw milk may constitute a public health hazard and reduced milk quality due to salmonella. Thus health professionals should create awareness about milk handling practice, storage and milking process to Dairy farm owners, consumers, and milk collectors. And, regular resistance follow-up, using antimicrobials sensitivity tests helps to select effective antibiotics and to reduce the problems of drug resistance developments towards commonly used antimicrobials so as to reduce the problem encountered.

[Asmamaw Aki. HYGIENIC PRACTICES, PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATED FROM MILK SUPPLY CHAIN IN AND AROUND BANBASI TOWN, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ,  WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Life Sci J 2025;22(9):38-61]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 04. doi:10.7537/marslsj220925.04

 Key words: Antimicrobial, Bovine, Banbasi, Dairy cows, Salmonella

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PLASMID PROFILING AND CURING ANALYSIS OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ISOLATES FROM NEONATAL BLOOD CULTURE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION

M. A. Oyovwevotu *; I.N. Ibeh **

* Department of Medical Microbiology Delta State University Teaching

HospitalOghara; ** Department of Microbiology Western Delta University Oghara.

*Corresponding author: abedoyo@yahoo.com Phone No. 08039117093.

Abstracts: This study seeks to determine the plasmid DNA profile of multidrug resistant organisms isolated from neonatal blood culture. The study design was prospective and specimens were collected in a specified order from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Neonates that were both in-born and out-born were used in this study.  Specimens were collected from three hundred babies out of four hundred babies that were admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Hospital. One milliliter of blood was aseptically inoculated into each blood culture bottle of brain heart infusion broth and thioglycollate broth, they were  incubated aerobically at 37ºC for up to seven days, and examined daily for bacteria growth using turbidity, bubbles and gas productions as an indication of presence of bacteria. Samples were cultured on MacConkey, Chocolate and Blood agar. Clinical isolates were identified to species level using the protocol of Cowan and Steel method. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) was done using dilution method described by Fleming. Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) was used as the diluents. Clinical isolates were subjected to Plasmid DNA profiling and curing test was carried out on multidrug resistant using ZymoPURE Plasmid Miniprep. This was followed by a post Plasmid curing test using Sodium Deodecyl Sulphate (SDS). 0.8% Agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out to separate the Plasmid DNA using 5µl ethidium bromate dye. Bands were visualized using ultra violet (UV) illuminator. Isolates that were multi-resistant yielded one or more plasmids. Plasmids curing made Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia that were formerly resistant to become susceptible. These findings suggest that environmental factors and genetic make- up of bacteria are important determinants of organisms’ susceptibility pattern.

[M. A. Oyovwevotu; I.N. Ibeh. PLASMID PROFILING AND CURING ANALYSIS OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ISOLATES FROM NEONATAL BLOOD CULTURE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION. Life Sci J 2025;22(9):62-67]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 05. doi:10.7537/marslsj220925.05

Key words: Plasmids; DNA; Exstraction Curing; Infection; Resistance; Isolates Antibiotics

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The dual-track teaching practice of design discipline driven by neuroscience under the orientation of innovative talent cultivation

BU Wei

School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin.

Abstract: In response to the pain points of traditional design education such as the dominance of "visual centrism", subjective evaluation, and insufficient cross-domain innovation capabilities, this study takes the cultivation of innovative talents as the orientation and constructs a design discipline teaching model of "neuroscience-driven + dual-track collaboration". The traditional skills consolidation track focuses on the cultivation of basic abilities such as modeling and materials. Neural perception empowerment (devices like EEG and fNIRS) collects biological signals such as electromyography and skin temperature from learners, and combines algorithms to map biological data into multimodal design parameters (such as haptic feedback and odor interaction). Promote the transformation of design discipline teaching from "one-way knowledge transmission" to an innovative talent cultivation model featuring a two-way cycle of "perception - cognition - creation". Empirical evidence shows that this model significantly enhances students' metacognitive monitoring ability (reducing decision-making time by 52% and increasing prefrontal lobe activation efficiency by 37%), cross-domain integration effectiveness (increasing the output of cross-border solutions by 2.1 times and enhancing γ -wave coherence by 0.68), and emotional empathy accuracy (extending user stay time by 2.4 times and achieving a mirror neuron synchronization rate of 0.73). The effectiveness of the dual-track teaching driven by neuroscience in cultivating innovative talents has been verified, providing a replicable practical path for the transformation of design education from "experience-oriented" to "science-enabled".

[BU Wei. The dual-track teaching practice of design discipline driven by neuroscience under the orientation of innovative talent cultivation. Life Sci J 2025;22(9):68-73]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 06. doi:10.7537/marslsj220925.06

Keywords: Neuroscience, design discipline, dual-track teaching, biological signals, multimodal perception, and innovative talent cultivation.

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