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Review On The Control Options Of Trypanosomiasis In Cattle

Yitayal Gebrie

Bahir Dar City Municipal Abattoir, Veterinary Public Health Department, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Email: yitayalgebrie@gmail.com.

*Corresponding author:

Yitayal Gebrie

ABSTRACT: Trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints on animal production in areas of Africa that has the greatest potential for significant increases in domestic livestock populations and livestock productivity. In every case, trypano­somiasis leads to considerable under-exploitation of natural resources, and to a lower level of animal produc­tion than could be achieved if the disease were eliminated. While various methods are being used by farmers to control the disease, major public efforts have been directed towards control of tsetse flies and on the use of trypanocidal drugs. Continent-wide fly eradication has recently been advocated as the ultimate solution needing public effort. Due to their nature, there are difficulties in sustaining the current methods of tsetse control. However, the efficacy of currently available trypanocidal drugs is also decreasing, due to drug resistance developing faster than generally thought. Although less attention has been focused on the use of naturally disease tolerant livestock to cope with the disease, farmers in 19 out of 40 countries  in the most humid parts of West and Central African countries affected by the disease are using these livestock as a major, if not only, option to cope with the problem in an economically sustainable and environmentally friendly way. There is increasing recognition that Africa possesses animal genetic resources probably unparalleled in any other continent. The natural innate resistance possessed by breeds of cattle such as the N'Dama and the West African short horn to trypanosomiasis and to several other important infectious diseases should be an increasingly important component of national and regional disease control programmes. Researchers are providing support for this environmentally healthy solution which has been demonstrated to be economically viable at both public and private levels.

[Yitayal Gebrie. Review On The Control Options Of Trypanosomiasis In Cattle. Life Sci J 2025;22(6):1-13]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj220625.01

Key words: Africa, cattle, control, Trypanosomiasis, tsetse flies

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Assessment of Tree Canopy Cover on Urban Heat Island Effect in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria

*Japheth, H.D., Azubuike, N.O. and Nwanoli, M.S.

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Owerri-Nigeria.

* Corresponding: daujaph@gmail.com; +234 8068347777

ABSTRACT: Cities are facing rising temperatures due to global warming and fast urban growth. This study focused on the Owerri metropolis in Imo state, Nigeria, seeking to examine the influence of tree canopy cover on urban heat island effects and to comprehend the local community's perception of tree canopy cover. Two hundred fifty semi-structured questionnaires were administered to participants in sampled locations within the Owerri urban area through purposive and random sampling techniques. The results of the research indicate that planting trees (42.3%) strategically, including various species such as native (34.5%)), exotic (12.8%), fruit (42.6%), and ornamental species, helps reduce high temperatures to levels of comfort as perceived by 23.6% of the respondents. Trees are vital for providing shade, which helps lower Urban Heat Island effects, decrease energy usage, improve air quality, and aid evapotranspiration to cool the surrounding air. To increase tree canopy coverage in residential areas across the state, it is recommended that governmental entities, NGOs, and key stakeholders create and execute tree planting policies, as indicated by 80.4% of survey participants. Establishing precise yearly goals for tree planting projects can be a successful tactic to increase tree coverage, ultimately leading to a better quality of life for city residents.

[Japheth, H.D., Azubuike, N.O. and Nwanoli, M.S. Assessment of Tree Canopy Cover on Urban Heat Island Effect in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2025;22(6):14-23]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj220625.02

Keywords: Environmental; Heat; Population; Tree-cover; Urbanization

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Development of vaccination as a tool in fighting disease has resulted in the potential to combat almost all infectious agents affecting people and animals

Aderaw Desta and Marie Tesahger Tsehay

Animal health department, Banja woreda livestock and fisheries development office, Injibara, Ethiopia

Email: teshagermarie@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Development of vaccination as a tool in fighting disease has resulted in the potential to combat almost all infectious agents affecting people and animals. The ultimate objective of vaccination is to induce an immune response that subsequently recognizes the infectious agent and fights off the disease. Recombinant DNA technology is any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms’ derivatives to make or modify products or processes for specific use. Using recombinant DNA technology scientists are working vaccines. Recombinant DNA technology has indeed made tremendous breakthrough in the discovery of various vaccines. The new generation vaccines prepared from the viral or microbial proteins, their fragments or nucleic acid sequences have been attractive because of their stability, non-infectious nature, homogeneity as well as their cost effectiveness. This paper provides a brief historical overview of vaccine development and describes three basic categories of newer, recombinant vaccines: live genetically modified organisms, recombinant inactivated (killed) vaccines and genetic vaccines.

[Aderaw Desta and Marie Tesahger Tsehay. Development of vaccination as a tool in fighting disease has resulted in the potential to combat almost all infectious agents affecting people and animals. Life Sci J 2025;22(6):24-34]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj220625.03

Keywords: vaccine; recombinant DNA technology; DNA vaccine; DNA

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Wildlife Species Diversity and Relative Abundance at PHIA: Insights into Avian, Mammalian, and Reptilian Communities

Kamoru Bamidele Babatunde Owodunni¹, Richmon Ideozu² and Ogaga Dean Efenakpo^3*

¹Port Harcourt International Airport, Rivers State, Nigeria;    ²Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; ³Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Corresponding:  Efenakpo O. D, e-mail: ogaga.efenakpo@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract: Understanding wildlife diversity and relative abundance is essential for effective biodiversity conservation and ecological management. This study investigated the species diversity and relative abundance of birds, mammals, and reptiles at the Port Harcourt International Airport (PHIA). Direct observation, transect sampling, acoustic, and point count method were used for the survey. Ten transects of 200m each, at an independent distance of 50 m apart were surveyed over five days between 0600hrs and 1200hrs; 1400hrs and 1600hrs and opportunistically at night. All wildlife species sighted or heard were recorded and identified to species. A total of 52 bird species from 24 families, 13 mammal species from 10 families, and 11 reptile species from 9 families were recorded. Western Cattle Egret (10.01%), White Fulani Cattle (22.58%) and Rainbow Agama (27.78%) were the most abundant bird, mammals and reptile respectively. Diversity indices revealed that birds had the highest diversity (D = 0.95; H' = 3.37), followed by mammals (D = 0.86; H' = 2.16) and reptiles exhibited the lowest diversity index (D = 0.80; H' = 1.79).

[Kamoru Bamidele Babatunde Owodunni, Richmon Ideozu and Ogaga Dean Efenakpo. Wildlife Species Diversity and Relative Abundance at PHIA: Insights into Avian, Mammalian, and Reptilian Communities. Life Sci J 2025;22(6):35-41]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 04. doi:10.7537/marslsj220625.04

Keywords: PHIA; wildlife hazards; airport; environment; diversity

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PREDICTING THE PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD DISEASES IN OSUN STATE USING TIME SERIES APPROACH

LASISI  T. A.

Department of Statistics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

E-mail:  taiwolasisi40@yahoo.com

08030759264

ABSTRACT: Childhood diseases in the Southwest region of Nigeria remain a pressing public health concern. An in-depth analysis of disease prevalence, trends, and forecasting is essential for informed interventions. This study draws upon a dataset encompassing a 32-year period, from 1995 to 2025, detailing the prevalence of various childhood diseases. Data collection and curation processes ensured comprehensive coverage of the region's health landscape. Employing a combination of descriptive statistics and time series modeling, we examined disease prevalence, temporal patterns, and stationarity transformations. ARIMA models, augmented Dickey-Fuller tests, and stationarity differencing techniques were instrumental in the analysis. The analysis revealed persistent prevalence of Diarrhoea, fluctuating patterns in Malaria, stability in Whooping cough. These temporal patterns were corroborated by ARIMA models, uncovering intricate relationships and predicting future trends. Notably, targeted interventions, adaptable strategies, vigilance in vaccination programs, and environmental health initiatives emerged as essential strategies for Osun State in Southwest region. The study offers a comprehensive understanding of childhood disease dynamics, with implications for public health planning and interventions.

[LASISI  T. A. PREDICTING THE PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD DISEASES IN OSUN STATE USING TIME SERIES APPROACH. Life Sci J 2025;22(6):42-52]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 05. doi:10.7537/marslsj220625.05

KEYWORD: Childhood Diseases; Time Series Modeling Augmented Dickey-Fuller; ARIMA Models and Environmental Health Initiatives

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