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Determination of major minerals in bottled natural fruit-flavored mineral water samples consumed in Turkey

Şeref Turhan

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

serefturhan63@gmail.com

Abstract: Recently bottled mineral water has become very popular as a nutritional (mineral) supplement. In this study, the concentrations of some major minerals (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) in twenty-nine bottled natural fruit-flavored mineral water samples of ten commercially brands sold in Turkish markets were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. The concentrations of Na, K, Ca, and Mg analysed in BNFM water samples varied from 11 to 2829 mg L^-1, 30 to 189 mg L^-1, 36 to 380 mg L^-1 and 17 to 104 mg L^-1, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained for natural mineral waters in the literature. Also, bottled natural fruit-flavored mineral water samples were classified according to their Ca, Mg, and Na content. Consequently, 38%, 31% 24%, and 24% of the studied water samples are calcium waters, magnesium waters, sodium waters, and waters suitable for the sodium diet respectively.

[Şeref Turhan. Determination of major minerals in bottled natural fruit-flavored mineral water samples consumed in Turkey. Life Sci J 2021;18(12):1-8]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.01.

Keywords: Bottled mineral water; Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Macro mineral

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[Life Sci J 2021;18(12):9-17]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.02. 

withdrawn

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Marek's Disease Virus: Molecular Detection From Chickens Feather In Central Ethiopia

Bayeta Senbeta Wakjira^*, Abde Aliy Mohammad¹ and Melaku Sombo Keno

National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia

didigabruma@gmail.com

Abstract: On the basis of an outbreak report, the current investigation was undertaken in 2019 to detect Marek's disease virus from outbreak samples using Real time PCR from four purposively selected sites (Addis Ababa, Bishoftu, Sebeta, and Ambo). A total of 200 feather samples were obtained from chickens over the whole study area. The DNA of virus was extracted from feather tissue using a Qiagen® DNeasy Mini kit. Using Real time PCR, five pooled samples (2 from Bishoftu, 2 from Addis Abeba, and 1 from Ambo) were proven to be MDV. As a result of this research, it is advised that more research be done on the isolation and molecular characterization of chicken Marek's disease virus in all part of the country.

[Bayeta Senbeta Wakjira, Abde Aliy Mohammad  and Melaku Sombo Keno. Marek's Disease Virus: Molecular Detection From Chickens Feather In Central Ethiopia. Life Sci J 2021;18(12):18-21]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.03.

Key words: Marek’s Disease, Real Time  PCR, Feather, Central Ethiopia

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Application of Symmetrical Body Temperature Difference to Improve Early Detection of Covid-19

Zhiqiang Cui¹, Grace Shu², Gu He³, Ying Wang⁴, Matthew Lee⁵, Kai Shen⁶, Qing Ke⁷, Danping Li⁸, Lili Liu⁹, Yun'e Yuan⁹, Minjie Gu¹⁰, Shouyi Wang¹¹

1. Orient Health Care, New York City, NY 11375, United States;

2. United States Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., United States;

3. Stego Tech, Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States;

4. American Association of Natural and Integrative Medicine, Bridgewater, NJ, United States;

5. Medical Wisdom Consulting Group, Houston, Texas, United States;

6. Suzhou Aulikang Health Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China;

7. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;

8. Toplent Pharmaceutical Consulting, LLC, Middlebury, Connecticut;

9. Beijing Modern Digital Infrared Imaging Technology Research Institute, Beijing, China;

10. American Regenerative Medicine Corporation, New York, United States;

11. The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States.

 Correspondence to: Zhiqiang Cui, Ph.D.

Orient Health Care, New York City, NY 11375, United States, Email: cuij68@gmail.com

One Sentence Summary: Symmetrical body temperature difference can be a more robust indicator than the single-spot temperature measurement for early detection and screening of asymptomatic patients with infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.

Abstract: At present, body temperature measurement at the forehead, mouth, and ear is commonly used to screen for fever that is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. However, the single spot temperature measurements are not sensitive enough to screen the risk of COVID-19. There is a considerable rate of missed diagnosis due to the floating nature of body temperature. More than half of COVID-19 infected patients have no obvious symptoms of fever in early stage of COVID-19. The asymptomatic patients are high-risk infection sources when their temperatures are still within normal range. To improve screening efficiency, we propose the use of bilateral symmetrical body temperature difference as an informative indicator to screen asymptomatic people at risk for COVID-19. In this study, we investigated bilateral symmetrical body temperatures for COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects, and identified that the bilateral symmetrical temperature difference is very sensitive to detect health condition imbalance and hidden disease states caused by COVID-19 in early stage. As far as the mechanism is concerned, the difference in body temperature between left and right is not affected by the mutation of the COVID-19 virus. The balance coefficient of left and right body temperature will not change as a result. Therefore, it is still conducive to the monitoring of patients with new mutations such as Omicron. Symmetrical body temperature differences can be detected earlier than confirmative COVID-19 nucleic acid tests. It can be used to screen COVID-19 risk groups with higher accuracy than single-spot body temperature measurement. It can be used as a new and effective risk indicator for self-check of health conditions, large-scale screening of potential COVID-19 patients, helping overcome the tendency of low body temperature in the elderly, help confirm the effectiveness of treatment and guide the rehabilitation process.

[Zhiqiang Cui, Grace Shu, Gu He, Ying Wang, Matthew Lee, Kai Shen, Qing Ke, Danping Li, Lili Liu, Yun'e Yuan, Minjie Gu, Shouyi Wang. Application of Symmetrical Body Temperature Difference to Improve Early Detection of Covid-19. Life Sci J 2021;18(12):22-33]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.04.

Keywords: application; symmetrical body; temperature; difference; improve; detection; Covid-19

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The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Pathology Characteristics and Outcomes

Author name: Amani Matook Alhozali

King Abdulaziz University, College of medicine, Department of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Emails: ahuzali@hotmail.com, aalhuthali@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), especially of the papillary carcinoma (PTC) type accounts for the most common endocrine cancer worldwide with an escalating trend for several decades. This might be partially due to improvement in modern diagnostic imaging and biopsies along with the shift in genetic and environmental factors like ionizing radiation, iodine consumption, and lifestyle modifications. Obesity prevails as one such crucial factor that is long known to be controversially involved in the emergence of thyroid cancer with no clear understanding of the precise mechanism. Our study wanted to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Methods: Data were retrospectively traced from the medical records of 124 patients in total, (19.4% male and 80.6% female) DTC patients who were operated on for the last 16 years in this study. Their TSH levels, weights and heights were recorded before operation. The BMI was calculated and correlated with the histopathological findings. One year postoperatively the DTC outcome was determined based on 2015 ATA DTC guidelines. Result: The results thereby demonstrated no positive associations between BMI and diagnostic stage of the tumour (T, N, or M stage), vascular invasion, capsule invasion and Extra thyroid extension (ETE) concerning BMI quartiles. Upon univariate and multivariate analyses, an unexpected inverse association was identified between BMI and nodal metastasis and tumour invasion. This is suggestive of the statement that less aggressive tumour features may be associated with obesity. Conclusion: The results lay out the relationship that aggressive features of thyroid cancer may not be indicated by obesity. However further analysis is required to critically estimate the underlying mechanism between the risk of thyroid cancer and obesity.

[Amani Matook Alhozali. The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Pathology Characteristics and Outcomes. Life Sci J 2021;18(12):34-42]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5.doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.05.

Keywords: Relationship; Body; Mass; Index; Thyroid; Cancer; Pathology; Characteristics; Outcomes; Thyroid cancer, Histopathological, Papillary carcinoma, Lifestyle, Obesity

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The effect of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on Diabetic Macular Edema

Naser Samadi Aidenloo, Qader Motarjemizadeh

Department of ophthalmology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

Dr.mahyar@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried out to specify the effects of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) on diabetic macular edema, (DME) as the primary treatment of diabetic macular edema. In a quasi-experimental study, thirty eyes from thirty diabetic patients diagnosed with CSME were exposed to intravitreal bevacizumab in accordance with ETDRS standards. All patients were monitored for three months. In other words, they were evaluated within three stages: a day before the injection, 1.5 and 3 months after the shot. The examinations surveyed a review of the vision, intraocular pressure and the central macular thickness with OCT.  The mean visual acuity of the patients was 0.307+- 0.1856 before the shot which improved to 0.577±0.2431 after a month and 0.417±0.2102 after three months. Having injected for three months, the average level of vision reduced remarkably in terms of statistics compared to its noticeable raise from the baseline. Before the shot, the macular central thickness was 340.6± 85.1099 whereas it reduced to 245.6±64.153 after 1.5 month off injection and 295.63±68.507 after 3 months. Macular central thickness grade increased remarkably after 3 months off the shot comparing to 1.5 month after the shot. But, it reduced noticeably compared to the baseline. This study suggests that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab significantly improved vision and decreased central macular thickness within 3 months after injection, and this treatment does not lead to any problems in the short term.

[Naser Samadi Aidenloo, Qader Motarjemizadeh. The effect of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on Diabetic Macular Edema. Life Sci J 2021;18(12):43-48]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.06. http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

Keywords: diabetic macular edema, intravitreal injection, bevacizumab (Avastin).

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Phytotoxicity Study of Euphorbia granulata Forssk against Lemna minor and Radish Seeds

^1*Mohammad Parvez, ¹Bashir Ahmad, ²Farukh Hussain, ³Javid Ali, ¹Sher Muhammad, ⁴Israr Ahmad, ⁵Sudhair Abbas, ⁶Said Hassan

¹Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

²Department of Botany University of Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

³PCSIR Laboratories Complex Jamrude Road Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

⁴Pakistan Medical Research Council Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

⁵Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

⁶Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, KPK- Pakistan.

Corresponding Author: Email: mparvezswati@yahoo.com

Abstract: The phytotoxic effect of Euphorbia granulata Forssk was investigating using Lemna minor growth, radish seed germination and roots length determination. No lethality was recorded at 0.01 and 1.0mg/ml concentrations however, at 0.1mg/ml of plant extracts the number of fronds increased by 21%. The lower toxic concentration (LTC) and the upper toxic concentrations (UTC) determined were 5.0mg/ml and 55.0mg/ml respectively while the LC₅₀ was 33.88mg/ml. In case of radish seeds, 92.7, 95.3 and 94% germination take place with negative control, 1.0mg/ml, and 7.5mg/ml concentrations while the roots sizes at day five were 5.1, 5.4 and 5.5cm with negative control, 1.0 and 10mg/ml dose of extract respectively. The results indicated no inhibitory but a slight stimulatory effect of the plant extract.

[Mohammad Parvez, Bashir Ahmad, Farukh Hussain, Javid Ali, Sher Muhammad, Israr Ahmad, Sudhair Abbas, Said Hassan. Phytotoxicity Study of Euphorbia granulata Forssk against Lemna minor and Radish Seeds. Life Sci J 2021;18(12):49-54]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7.doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.07.

Key words: Euphorbia granulata, phytotoxicity, lemna, radish, roots, seeds

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PCR- based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in Jizan Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Nourah H. Al-Zahrani*

*Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

Corresponding author*: nhalzhrani@kau.edu.sa

ABSTRACT:  Characterization by RAPD-PCR using thee  primers  was performed to ten Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in Jizan Hospital during seven months period (November 2011 to January 2012 ) and the results were summarized in a dendogram to show the relationships between the test isolates.  Fourty three  RAPD fragments ranging in size from 100 to 1900 bp were amplified, 30 of which were polymorphic while the other were common among the ten S. aureus isolates. The mean percentage polymorphism shown by the three random primers was 88.24% .The polymorphic percentage of primers1, 2 and 3 were 83.33, 90.91, 90.91, respectively. UPGMA dendrogram showed two main clusters, the first included 7 isolates whereas, the second includes 9. The second cluster divided the 9 isolates into two sub-clusters, whereas the first contained isolate 2 with low similarity (36.7%) with isolate 7. The second contained 8 isolates and subsequently divided to two branches, the first branch containing isolates 5 and 4 (47.4%) and the second divided more to two sub-branches. One contained isolates 3 and 1 (60%) and the second showed four isolates. Two isolates (9 and 6) which revealed high similarity (78.3%).Isolate 6 revealed high similarity with isolate 9 (78%) followed by isolates 9 and 10 (76%). However, isolates 2 and 7 showed the lowest similarity percentage with 22%, followed by isolates 6 and 7 (25%). All the other remaining pairs showed intermediate similarity percentages. It should be noticed that most of isolates showed lower similarity percentages and this confirmed the different genetic backgrounds between ten Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates under the present study.

[Nourah H. Al-Zahrani. PCR- based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in Jizan Hospital, Saudi Arabia . Life Sci J 2021;18(12):55-62]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.08.

key words: Staphylococcus aureus,  RAPD analysis, patients, Jizan Hospital, Saudi Arabia

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Review on the relationship of feeding various nutrients like energy, proteins and minerals to the growth of animals

Derbew Aynew

Department of animal science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Deber Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Ethiopia.

Email. Yohansaddis68@gmail.com

Abstract: Animal growth performance and quality of meat depend on the interactive effects of meat animal genotype, rearing conditions, pre-slaughter handling, and carcass and meat processing. This paper focuses on the effects of feeding. Feed has effect on growth performance of meat animals, carcass composition and meat qualities of meat animals. The feeding level and protein: energy ratio can be used to manipulate growth rate or composition of weight gain. Restricted feed allowance strongly reduces growth rate and carcass fatness and also intramuscular fat (IMF) level, resulting in decreased meat tenderness or juiciness. Expression of compensatory growth due to restricted followed by ad libitum feeding modifies the composition of weight gain at both carcass and muscle levels, and may improve meat tenderness due to higher in vivo protein turnover. Decreasing the protein: energy ratio of the diet actually increases IMF and improves eating quality but gives fatter carcasses in contrast, a progressive reduction in the protein: energy ratio leads to similar carcass composition at slaughter but with higher IMF. Technological meat traits (pH1, pHu, colour, drip loss) are generally not affected by the level or protein: energy in feed. Modification of fatty acid composition and antioxidant level in meat can be obtained through diet supplementations (e.g. vegetable sources with high n-3 fatty acids), thereby improving the nutritional quality of meat animals.

[Derbew Aynew. Review on the relationship of feeding various nutrients like energy, proteins and minerals to the growth of animals . Life Sci J 2021;18(12):63-71]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj181221.09.

Keywords: Energy, Feeding, Growth, Protein

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