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Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Strains and their Associated Plasmid Profile

Zahira M.F. El-Sayed⁽¹⁾, Ahmad K. Al-Ghamdi⁽¹⁾, Esam I. Azhar⁽¹⁾, Nahlaa A. Khalifa⁽²⁾, Ahmed M. Ashshi⁽³⁾, and Hani S. Faidaha⁽⁴⁾

¹Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

³Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University.

⁴Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University.

drzahira2009@yahoo.com

Abstract: Development and spread of bacterial resistance is usually attributed to the abuse of antibiotics. The emergence of resistance to different antibiotics is a particular problem when treating infections. The study aimed to evaluate plasmid profiles of different bacterial strains which proved to be multi drug resistant. Four strains of isolated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were tested for their sensitivity to plasmid profile of the four selected isolates. S. aureus showed presence of plasmid with molecular weight (23.130 Kbp), E. coli showed presence of plasmid with molecular weight between (23.130 Kbp and 9.416 Kbp), K. pneumoniae showed presence of plasmid with molecular weight (23.130 Kbp) and for P. aeruginosa showed presence of plasmid with molecular weight between (23.130 Kbp and 9.416 Kbp). These results indicated that the resistance to antibiotics for all isolates due to the presence of plasmids in all isolates. In conclusion drug resistance is serious problem over the entire world, the results showed that the resistance to antibiotics for all isolates was due to the presence of plasmids.

[Zahira M.F. El-Sayed, Ahmad K. Al-Ghamdi, Esam I. Azhar, Nahlaa A. Khalifa, Ahmed M. Ashshi and Hani S. Faidaha. Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Strains and their Associated Plasmid Profile. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):1-9]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.01.

Keywords: bacterial resistance, antibiotics, plasmid, electrophoregram.

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Genghis Khan's preparation activity of the armed forces

Dauren Kulibekuly Maikhiyev

National Defense University, Schuchinsk, 021700, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article analyses Genghis Khan's military activity for preparation of the armed forces. The results of the investigation allowed revealing main directions of his military activity. It was aimed at increase of the combat readiness level and war-fighting capability of the army. The important moment is Genghis Khan's acceptance of the decimal system. Genghis Khan formed organisational and structural system of the armed forces. Flexible and effective organisation of the armed forces allowed creating the effective tactical formations and minor units.

[Maikhiyev D.K. Genghis Khan's preparation activity of the armed forces. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):9-11] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.02.

Keywords: Genghis Khan's military activity, preparation of the military forces, combat readiness of the army, war-fighting capability of the army

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Economic study of the impact of using some technological methods on the Egyptian Wheat crop productivity

Nayera. Y. Solieman, Rania. M. Barghash and Ahlam. A. Hassan

National Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Economics

nayera_solieman@hotmail.com

Abstract: The crisis of Egyptian wheat production is generally attributed to several problems. The most important one is scarcity of the agricultural lands and water limited the cultivated lands flakiness and the use of wheat crop by its production dominant state as Pressure tool on the political decision and threatens for the Egyptian national security. The wheat crop production in the North Egypt is characterized with its productivity efficiency compared to the Upper Egypt. The study of the most important factors affecting the production of different wheat Varieties shows the increase of the production factors about 10% that is leads to the increase of production rate in the North Egypt about 30.6% and in the Upper Egypt about 34.85%. Compared to the sample Varieties productivity with productivity average and The production capacity for the Variety The total wasting production size reaches about 522.4 thousand tone, and about 813.4 thousand ton that is contribute to the reduction of wheat imports rate about 5.3% and 8.3% respectively. The wheat Varieties in the sample are characterized with its ability to endure high temperature and thus its cultivation can overcome the climate changes problems, and lessening of wheat gap by cultivating the sods₁₂Variety which cultivation quality in the salty lands was proved. Thus it saves about 6.5 million ton of wheat which can contribute to the reduction of Egyptian imports ratio about 66.3 %. Comparison of the spent pound return in the two areas of study show high return in the North Egypt about 39.3% compared to the Upper Egypt. Using lazar leveling can contribute to the increase of the different wheat Varieties production about 30%. This increases different Varieties costs. It was indicated that production increase rate exceeds cost increase rate. thus The most important recommendations is necessary to revive and activate the agricultural guide's role in order to contribute based on his experience to transferring the new Varieties production methods of the wheat crop, so as the farmer can realize the highest efficiency by using the available productivity resources. This will help realize the highest productivity level of the studied Varieties productivity and thus reduces the production waste, also generalization the laser leveling use in the republic leads to reduce the Egyptian imports size about 30%.

[Nayera. Y. Solieman, Rania. M. Barghash and Ahlam. A. Hassan. Economic study of the impact of using some technological methods on the Egyptian Wheat crop productivity. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):12-20]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.03.

Keywords: economic study, wheat varieties, laser settlement, crop productivity, Egypt

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4

Quality of Well-Being and Self-esteem among Obese Patients

Iman K. Ramadan¹, Sondos M. Alqabandy, Somaya M. Lasheen², Mohamed F. Kassem², Nahed H. Abdel-Fattah² and Amal M. El-Dinary²

¹Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University and Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

²Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

khaled_gsk@hotmail.com

Abstract: Obesity is a complex condition associated with serious health complications, and reduced health-related quality of life. Objectives: assess self-esteem and depression among obese and identify relation between obesity and quality of life. Methods: case control study, 300 obese and 300 non obese individuals were randomly recruited. Study tools: Obesity Specific Quality Of Life, WHOQOL-BREF, Rosenberg Self-Esteem and Beck Depression Scales. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical investigations were carried out. Results: mean obese age was 36.99+10.892 years compared to 35.74+10.428 years non obese. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins were significantly higher among obese patients. Obese had significantly lower mean self esteem than non obese (13.19+4.487 vs 19.79+3.735). Moderate, severe or extreme depression constituted around third of obese compared to 4.7% of non obese. Obese had a significantly lower mean of physical domain (42.87+18.976 vs 68.61+13.740%), psychological domain (42.85+17.992 vs 67.506+12.334), social domain (37.58+25.286% vs 68.86+16.876%) and environmental domain (44.78+19.585 vs 69.59+13.530) on WHO quality of life scale than non obese. Obese had mean physical state of 64.01+18.796% and mean agility and vitality of 62.04+21.56% on obesity specific quality of life. Conclusion: Body mass index correlated negatively with quality of life and positively with depression.

[Iman K Ramadan, Sondos M Alqabandy, Somaya M Lasheen, Mohamed F Kassem, Nahed H Abdel-Fattah and Amal M El-Dinary. Quality of Well-Being and Self-esteem among Obese Patients. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):21-28]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.04.

Key word: Obesity; Quality of life     depression; Self-esteem; Body mass index

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Synthesis of tosylated and trimethylsilylated methyl cellulose as pH-sensitive carrier matrix

Maha M. Ibrahim¹, Tamer Y A Fahmy^1*, Ehab I. Salaheldin1¹, Fardous Mobarak¹, Mohamed A. Youssef², Mohamed R. Mabrook²

¹Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

²Helwan University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.

drtamer_y_a@yahoo.com

Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant renewable resources that can be processed by chemical reactions for the production of value-added products. In the current study, cellulose and methyl cellulose were synthesized from bleached bagasse pulp and were further modified to cellulose derivatives. Cellulose was first extracted from bagasse by acid–alkali pulping process and was derivatized to prepare methyl cellulose. The products were further chemically modified to tosylated methyl cellulose and trimethylsilylated methyl cellulose. The resulting products were investigated by FT-IR and SEM. Cellulose and all derivatives prepared were evaluated as potential pH-sensitive carrier matrices. The effectiveness as carrier was investigated as function of pH and time in various pH solutions, namely 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0. It was indicated that the type of the modified cellulose plays a role in the obtained results. The present work can be considered as a basic line for drug loading and releasing field.

[Maha M. Ibrahim, Tamer Y A Fahmy, Ehab I. Salaheldin, Fardous Mobarak, Mohamed A. Youssef, Mohamed R. Mabrook. Synthesis of tosylated and trimethylsilylated methyl cellulose as pH-sensitive carrier matrix. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):29-37]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.05.

Keywords: Lignocellulosic biomass; Cellulose; Methyl cellulose; Tosylated methyl cellulose; Trimethylsilylated methyl cellulose.

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Improving the properties of beef sausage

Girgis, A.Y.¹ ; Sanaa, A.Hussein ² ; Shahin, MF.S.A. ²

¹ Oils and Fats Research Department, ² Meats and Fishs Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, ARC - Giza – Egypt

adel_y_girgis@yahoo.com

Abstract: Palm olein was used as an alternative to sheep fat tail at different ratios in the processing of beef sausage. Fatty acids composition of the fatty materials were identified and determined using GLC and the oxidative stability of fatty blend in beef sausage treatments was measured. The results indicated that the sausage samples contained high palm olein gave improvements in water holding capacity, the plasticity values and cooking loss compared to the control sample (100 % sheep fat tail). The beef sausage samples were stored for three months under freezing (-18 ±2^oC) and the results showed that the freezing storage occurred increments in both cooking loss and the total volatile nitrogen content. The findings appeared that beef sausage samples containing palm olein until the replacement ratio of 50% from sheep fat tail gave high quality compared to the control sample.

[Girgis, A.Y., Sanaa, A.Hussein and Shahin, MF.S.A. Improving the properties of beef sausage. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):38-43]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.06.

Key Words: Beef sausage - palm olein - sheep fat tail –oxidative stability – quality attributes and sensory properties.

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Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus and Human Herpes Virus 8 among Egyptians

^1,2 Hoiyda A. Abdel Rasol, ³ Wafaa Gaber, ¹ Ahmed M. Abdelmoktader, ⁴ Margeret A. Aziz, ² Ali A. Abdelrahman Ahmed

¹ Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.

² Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

³ Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

⁴Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt

hoiydaahmedelmenshawy@gmail.com, haahaa8@hotmail.com

Abstract: Various factors appear to be involved in SLE, in which viral infections were included. The objective of this study is to establish the prevalence of HHV-8 in SLE patients. To evaluate if there is a possible association between HHV-8 DNA prevalence with the production of specific lupus auto-antibodies. This case-control study was performed in the period from December 2012 to December 2013 in Fayoum. 110 subjects were enrolled in this study. Cases comprised 50 patients diagnosed as having SLE compared to 60 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. In the SLE patient group; 8 were males and 42 were females. EDTA blood was collected for the detection of HHV-8 DNA. The prevalence of DNA human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), was searched by specific nested polymerase chain reaction. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HHV-8 DNA between SLE patients and healthy controls (10/50, 20% versus 3 / 60, 5%, respectively, P < 0.05). Autoantibodies were compared in the HHV-8 DNA (+) group (n = 10) versus the HHV-8 DNA (-) group (n = 40). HH8V DNA prevalence among SLE patients was not associated with any of the clinical manifestations (P > 0.05). Within the SLE group the prevalence of HHV8 did not differ between SLE patients under therapy compared to those not receiving therapy. The prevalence of HHV-8 was statistically significant among the SLE patients compared to the healthy control subjects. These observations could suggest that HHV8 virus may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.

[Hoiyda A, Wafaa G, Ahmed MA, Margret AA, Ali AA. Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus and Human Herpes Virus 8 among Egyptians. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):44-50]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.07.

Keywords: HHV-8- SLE; Lupus Erythromatosus; Herpes; Virus; Egyptians

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Evaluation Of Physico-Chemical And Microbiological Quality Of Sheep Meat In The Central Highlands Of Mexico

Araujo-Guzmán, A.F.¹; ^*Gutiérrez–Ibáñez, A.T.¹; Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M.D.¹; Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M.A.²; Pinzón-Martínez, D.L.¹; Bernal-Martínez, L.R¹; Salem, A.Z.M.²

^1. Faculty of Agricultural Science, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico

² Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico

^*e-mail address: atarini@uaemex.mx

Abstract: In order to develop a microbiological starting point for sheep meat production from Central Highlands of Mexico, the aim of the current research was to evaluate their microbiological and physico-chemical quality from slaughterhouses. Carcasses, utensils and workers’ hands samples were taken according to NOM 092-SSA1-1994, Official Chilean Standard NCh-ISO 17025 of 2005, NF V08-060 Microbiology of food and animal feedings stuffs and European Union Council and Parliament Regulations. The microbiological quality was analyzed by Mesophilic Aerobic, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms values. Most of the slaughterhouses were close to the Superior Limit Permitted (MLP) for Mesophilic Aerobic values (3, 59 log₁₀ UFC/mL) on sheep carcasses. Even though there were no fecal coliforms found on sheep carcasses, they have been found on knives, tables and workers’ hands in most of the slaughterhouses. In the physico-chemical variables initial and ultimate pH (45 min and 24 h), initial and ultimate temperature (45 min and 24 h), lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and tenderness were evaluated and there were significant differences among variables except for initial Temperature (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, although the physico-chemical characteristics were acceptable the Microbiological values overpass the MLP for Mesophilic Aerobic and Fecal Coliform haven’t been found any correlation between both of them at the analyst moment. However, because of the high sheep meat production in the Central Highlands of Mexico and these microbiological characteristics it has been concluded that is required a shared responsibility among the productive sector and from the government in order to regulate that production.

[Araujo-Guzmán, A.F.; Gutiérrez–Ibáñez, A.T.; Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M.D.; Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M.A.; Pinzón-Martínez, D.L.; Bernal-Martínez, L.R; Salem, Evaluation Of Physico-Chemical And Microbiological Quality Of Sheep Meat In The Central Highlands Of Mexico. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):51-56]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.08.

Keywords: Meat quality, microbiological quality, slaughterhouses, sheep carcasses.

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Assessment Of The Teaching Of Islamic And Asian Civilisation (Titas) With The Use Of Audio Visual Aids (Ava)

A. T. Talib¹, Sarjit S. Gill², Nor Hayati Fatmi Talib³, Bani Hidayat Mohd Shafie⁴, Ab Halim Tamuri⁵     Puvaneswaran Kunasekaran⁶

^1,2,6 University Putra, Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. (tel-60389467141)

^3,4,5 National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

¹E-mail: tarmizi@upm.edu.my

Abstract: The study to identify the first semester, Advanced Diploma students’ perceptions towards the teaching and learning of Islamic and Asian Civilisation (TITAS) with the use of Audio Visual Aids (AVA) in two polytechnics of Malaysia Higher Education Ministry (MOHE). Respondents are 33 students of Advanced Diploma Programme which are the overall population in the two polytechnics chosen for the study. The findings revealed that there is a high perception towards the teaching and learning of the course where the mean score of set induction as in 4.53 (SD 0.47), teaching and learning progress as in 4.48 (SD 0.39), approach as in 4.47 (SD 0.38), value inculcation as in 4.52 (SD 0.42), closure as in 4.32 (SD 0.56) and the use of audio visual aids (AVA) as in 4.32 (SD 0.39). There is no significant difference between both polytechnics for the assessed variables as revealed in the comparative analysis.

[A. T. Talib, Sarjit, S. Gill, Nor Hayati, F. T., Bani Hidayat, M.S., Abd Halim, T. and Kunasekaran, P. Assessment Of The Teaching Of Islamic And Asian Civilisation (Titas) With The Use Of Audio Visual Aids (Ava). Life Sci J 2015;12(1):57-60]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.09.

Keywords: Cultural tourism, participation, community development

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Control of Doubling and Early Bolting Bulbsof Onion Genotypes by Sizes of Sets and Irrigation Systems

Magdi A. A. Mousa^1,2

¹ Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

² Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

m_a_ahmed@yahoo.com

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during two cropping seasons 2012 and 2013 at the Agriculture Research Station belonging to King Abdulaziz University to study the effects of set sizes (SS) and irrigation system (IS) on growth, yield, doubling and early bolting of three onion cultivars. Three sizes of sets, small (0.5-1.5cm), medium (1.5-2.5cm) and large (2.5-3.5cm) of onion cultivars ‘Red Amposta’, ‘Giza 6’ and ‘Texas 502’werecultivated using surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems. All experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using 3 replicates. The results showed that growth, yield and bulbs quality of the tested onions cultivars were significantly affected by the irrigation systems and sizes of sets and their interactions. The surface drip irrigation (IS1) produced the highest plant height and no. of leaves/plant, highest no. of doubling, split and early bolting bulbs/plot. The subsurface drip irrigation (IS2) produced the highest average weight and diameter of single marketable bulbs, no. of marketable bulbs/plot, total yield of marketable, doubling, split and early bolting bulbs (ton/ha). The sizes of sets 2.5-3.5cm (SS3) significantly increased plant height (cm), no. of leaves/plant, days to maturity, number (per plot) and total yield (ton/ha) of doubling, split and early bolting bulbs. Using the medium sizes of sets(1.5-2.5cm) increased number (per plot) and total yield (ton/ha) of marketable bulbs significantly, and average weight and diameter of single marketable bulbs. The onion cultivar ‘Texas 502’ produced the highest number (per plot) and total yield (ton/ha) of marketable bulbs, lowest number (per plot) and total yield (ton/ha) of doubling, split and early bolting bulbs (ton/ha). The onion cultivar ‘Red Amposta’ produced the highest plant height (cm), no. of leaves/plant, days to maturity, average weight and diameter of single marketable bulbs, highest number (per plot) and total yield (ton/ha) of doubling and early bolting bulbs. The onion cultivar ‘Giza 6’, the smallest sizes of sets(0.5-1.5cm) and surface drip irrigation produced the lowest number (per plot) and total yield (ton/ha) of marketable bulbs. Growing the onion cultivar ‘Texas 502’ using the medium/large sizes of sets (1.5-3.5cm) and subsurface drip irrigation system significantly increased yield and yield components of marketable bulbs.

[Magdi A. A. Mousa Control of Doubling and Early Bolting Bulbs of Onion Genotypes by Sizes of Sets and Irrigation Systems. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):61-74]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.10.

Key words: Bulb doubling, early bolting, onion, set size, irrigation system.

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Diagnostic Performance of Urinary Osteoprotegrin as A Novel Biomarker for Early Detection of Lupus Nephritis Activity

Emad Abdallah¹*, Samya El-Shishtawy¹, Nevine Sherif ¹, Mahmoud A. Abdelwahab²

¹Departement of Nephrology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

Email: abdallahemad66@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and aim of study: Renal activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is mainly determined by histopathological examination of renal biopsy, but renal biopsy is expensive, invasive, and carries some risk. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is produced by the heart, lungs, kidney, and bone.The current study was aimed to investigate urinary osteoprotegrin as a biomarker for early detection of lupus nephritis activity and as a potential alternative to kidney biopsy. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 68 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis. Patients were 23 males (33.8%) and 45 females (66.2%) with a mean age of 29.35 ± 12.15 years (range 18–36 years). Patients were divided into two groups, systemic lupus patients with lupus nephritis (group I;43 patients) and systemic lupus patients without lupus nephritis (group II;25 patients).Measurement of urinary OPG (pg/ml) was performed by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) using (Human Osteoprotegerin ELISA Kit). Disease activity was assessed by total systemic lupus erythematosis disease activity index and renal activity by renal systemic lupus erythematosis disease activity index and their correlation with urinary osteoprotegrin was analysed. Kidney biopsy was performed to group1of patients and classified according to International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003. Results: Urinary osteoprotegrin was significantly high in group I compared to group II (pvalue=0.0001). In group I, there was positive correlation between urinary osteoprotegrin and anti-nuclear antibodies, Anti-ds DNA, 24 hrs urinary protein, serum creatinine, hematuria, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total systemic lupus erythematosis disease activity index and renal activity of systemic lupus erythematosis disease activity index. There was –ve correlation between urinary osteoprotegrin and C3 and C4.The level of urinary osteoprotegrin was higher in classes III and IV of lupus nephritis than classes I,II, and V, but was not statistically significant. The sensitivity and specificity of the urinary osteoprotegrin as a marker of lupus nephritis activity (as determined by the receiver operating curve) were found to be 90.9% and 84.6% respectively with area under curve (0.874), 95% confidence interval 0.771 to 0.942 and P value <0.0001. Conclusion: Our results suggested that urinary osteoprotegrin can be a useful non invasive biomarker for assessment of lupus nephritis activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis and as an early predictor of lupus nephritis flare.Further larger and longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate that urinary OPG is a potential alternative to kidney biopsy

[Emad Abdallah, Samya El-Shishtawy, Nevine Sherif and Mahmoud A. Abdelwahab. Diagnostic performance of urinary osteoprotegrin as a novel biomarker for early detection of lupus nephritis activity. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):75-81]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.11.

Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosis; lupus nephritis; osteoprotegrin; kidney biopsy.

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Effect Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids On Vascular Access Patency In Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Howayda El-Shinnawy, Walid Bichari, Yahya Makkeyah, Maha Behairy, Ahmed Shabaan

Internal Medicine & Nephrology Department, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

mahabehairy80@gmail.com

abstract: Background: Thrombosis of hemodialysis vascular access represents a major medical and economic burden. Omega-3 fatty acids play an important modulatory role in the immune and inflammatory responses and the progression of arteriosclerosis. Fish oils have been demonstrated to have anti-platelet effects, and reduce intimal hyperplasia in autogenous grafts. Such effects may improve arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG) patency. Objective: To determine the effect of fish oil on native AVF and synthetic graft patency in chronic hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: Prospective Case control study conducted on 80 chronic hemodialysis patients selected from El-Maadi Liver & Kidney Transplantation Hospital in Egypt. The study was conducted through a period of time spanning 6 months. Patients were divided randomly into two groups, group (1) composed of 40 hemodialysis patients receiving four Omega-3 fatty acids capsules/day (1-g per capsule) for the 6-months duration of the study and group (2) composed of 40 hemodialysis patients not receiving omega-3 fatty acids. Full clinical examination of AVF and grafts was done to all patients in every hemodialysis session during the six months period of the study. Angiography was done whenever indicated. Results: 82.5% out of our patients were having AVF as their vascular access while the remaining 17.5% were having AVG. There was highly significant statistical decrease in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL levels in group (1) compared to group (2) over the 6 months period (p<0.001). Highly significant statistical increase in HDL level and URR in group (1) compared to group (2) over the 6 months period (p <0.001). Angiography was done to 8 indicated patients (10%), 3 patients in group (1) (7.5%) and 5 patients in group (2) (12.5%).Conclusion: Fish oil leads to significant decrease in serum triglyceride level, total cholesterol level and LDL together with increase in HDL level in chronic hemodialysis patients. Vascular access blood flow also changed but not in a significant manner.

[Howayda El-Shinnawy, Walid Bichari, Yahya Makkeyah, Maha Behairy, Ahmed Shabaan. Effect Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids On Vascular Access Patency In Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):82-88]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.12.

Key words: Omega 3 fatty acids, vascular access, AVF, Blood flow.

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Determination of a reference value for plasma myeloperoxidase in healthy Chinese population

MA Chun-mei¹, WU Jian-rong², YE Dao-bin¹, DENG Xiao-wei¹, WEI-wei¹, GUO Yue-ling³

^1.Health Care Center, the Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100143; ^2. UNIONLUCK BIOTECH CO, LTD, Beijing 100142; ^3.department of medical engineering, Beijing Military General Hospital, Beijing 100125, China

13910796058@163.com

Abstract: Plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been proved to be an important marker of future cardiovascular disease risk. In the present study, we tried to establish a reference range for plasma MPO in apparently healthy Chinese population. The level of plasma MPO in healthy Chinese individuals was evaluated by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. We enrolled 820 (422 males, 398 females) healthy individuals in our study and divided them into subgroups according to their gender and age. The necessity of setting reference intervals of MPO for subgroups was determined according to the CLSI standard. Our results show that the level of plasma MPO was elevated along with the increase of age in healthy Chinese. No statistical differences in the level of plasma MPO was found between males and females (P>0.05). There was no need to establish reference intervals for each subgroup respectively. The reference value of plasma MPO in apparently healthy Chinese people is 90.53ng/ml, which may be of great importance in clinical practice in the future.

[MA Chun-mei, WU Jian-rong, YE Dao-bin, DENG Xiao-wei, WEI-wei, GUO Yue-ling. Determination of a reference value for plasma myeloperoxidase in healthy Chinese population. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):89-93]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.13.

Key words: plasma MPO, healthy Chinese population, reference value

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Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Freshly-Prepared Isolated Rat Hepatocytes

Abdel-Aleem, Mohamed Y.¹, Moawad, Mohamed S.^1*, Mohamed Eman A.² and El-Tawil, Osama S.¹

¹ Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

² Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials manufactured within the nanoscale range of 1 to 100nm diameter.. The present study concludes that silver nanoparticles are cytotoxic to isolated rat hepatocytes as revealed by cell viability, enzyme leakage, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation assays. Moreover, light and electron microscopy studies confirmed the same conclusion. These findings suggest and confirm that further studies must be conducted in this field to achieve the deeper understanding of silver nanoparticles toxicity.

[Abdel-Aleem, Mohamed Y., Moawad, Mohamed S., Mohamed Eman A. and El-Tawil, Osama S. Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Freshly-Prepared Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):94-103]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.14.

Key words: Cytotoxicity; Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs); Freshly-Prepare; Rat; Hepatocytes

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Can One Treat Pilon Fracture In Conjunction With Accurate Osseous Reduction And Rigid Fixation By Ilizarov And Assisted Arthroscopic Reduction?

Ahmad Altonesy Abdelsamie and Amr I. Zanfaly

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

ahmad.altonesy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Anatomic restoration of the joint is the goal of management in fractures about the ankle. Open surgical treatment of comminuted tibialPilon fractures is associated with substantial complications in many patients. Indirect reduction and stabilization of fractures by means of distraction using a circular external fixator and anatomic repositioning of the joint surface assisted by arthroscopy can be a useful method of achieving satisfactory joint restoration. The potential benefits are less extensive exposure, preservation of blood supply, and improved visualization of the pathology. Patient and methods: This was a prospective study conducted between October 2010 and, September 2013 on twelve patients were presented to the emergency department of Zagazig university hospitals with high energy distal tibial fractures of closed and Gustilo Types I&II open fractures. All cases were treated using Ilizarov fixators with or without limited internal fixation and assessment of intra-articular reduction of tibial plafond by arthroscopy. All had been allowed to bear partial weight on the limb in the early postoperative period. A follow up review ranged from12 to 18 months(mean 15 months). Results: All cases had united with a mean time of 13.75 weeks (range from 8 to 19), good range of motion was achieved in most at the end of the follow up period. According to the adopted score for evaluation of this series, four cases were excellent, five cases were good, and threecases were faire. Conclusions: Application of the principles of capsuloligamentotaxis by means of circular external fixation combined with Anatomical repositioning of the joint surface assisted by Arthroscopy is a wonderful tool in the management of intra-articular fractures of tibial plafond. It assists in attaining anatomical reduction while minimizing disruption of the soft tissue envelopeand early mobilization of the joint.

[Ahmad Altonesy Abdelsamie and Amr I. Zanfaly. Can One Treat Pilon Fracture In Conjunction With Accurate Osseous Reduction And Rigid Fixation By Ilizarov And Assisted Arthroscopic Reduction? Life Sci J 2015;12(1):104-112]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.15.

Key words: Pilon, Arthroscopy, Ilizarov

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Effect of intervention Guidelines on self care practices of pregnant women with urinary tract infection

Manal Hassan Ahmed

Assistant Professor of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Tanta University.

Abstract: Pregnancy and urinary tract infections UTIs often go hand in hand since pregnant women are at an increased risk of developing UTIs. Pregnancy hormones cause changes in the urinary tract which predispose women to infections. In addition, as the uterus grows it presses on the bladder and can prevent complete emptying of urine. This stagnant urine is a likely source of infection. Untreated these infection may lead to kidney infection. Urinary tract infections in pregnant women should be treated with appropriate therapy together with healthy life style activities (self care practices) in order to prevent complications such as premature labor. Design: A Quasi- experimental study design was used. Aim: To determine the effect of intervention guidelines on self care practices of pregnant women with urinary tract infection Setting: The study was conducted in the antenatal clinic at Tanta University Hospital and El Menshawy Hospital. In addition, two MCH centers affiliated to different available geographic health zones (medical centers at Said and sager). Sample: A total number of 42 pregnant women diagnosed with urinary tract infection and who were fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Tools: 1-Structured interview schedule to assess socio demographic characteristics, reproductive history, 2- Collected data related to UTI symptoms and the followed self care practices (Self –Care Assessment Structured Interviewing Schedule (SCASIS) was used, 3- Women knowledge regarding urinary tract infection, 4- Specific affect of self care practices, 5– And, The developed intervention guidelines on self care practices regarding urinary tract infection. Results: Women showed mean scores of pre-intervention deficient, incorrect knowledge, and unsatisfactory self care practices regarding their urinary tract infection symptoms. Statistically significant improvements in the total scores were found at the post-test and 3 months later compared with pre-intervention scores (p<0.001). Furthermore there were obvious improvement and relieving of UTI symptoms as reported by women after the implementation of intervention guidelines. Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings of the present study enlighten some important aspects regarding women knowledge and self care practices toward urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Therefore the study recommended increase awareness of pregnant women regarding physiological changes of pregnancy- Increase awareness of women self care needs, requests, facilitate and increase the self care abilities of the woman to perform self care activities- provides the woman with sufficient knowledge to recognize the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection to facilitate early detection and prevention of future infection.

[Manal Hassan Ahmed. Effect of intervention Guidelines on self care practices of pregnant women with urinary tract infection. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):113-124]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.16.

Key words: Self care practice; urinary tract infection; pregnancy.

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Ecological studies on the colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis (L.) (Curcurbitaceae) from Shada, Saudi Arabia and its insect repellent properties.

Amal Ahmed Mohammed Al-Ghamdi

Department of Botany, Environment Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, King Abdul

Aziz University, P.O. Box 35009, Jeddah 21488, Saudi Arabia.

amalalgamdi@gmail.com

Abstract: This study attempts to provide an insight into the relationship between Citrullus colocynthis and the surrounding soil. Moreover, it aims to investigate the relationship between the various physicochemical properties of soil with each other. The flavonoid compounds in C. colocynthis were isolated, identified and tested for possible insect repelling properties. Soil samples were collected and subjected to analysis, while the insect repellent properties of C. colocynthis extracts were investigated by testing its components on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. A significant correlation was found between organic matter content and pH, soil moisture and soil textural components. A positive correlation was found between pH value and soil moisture, coarse and fine sand. Conversely a negative correlation was found between pH with silt and clay. Soil moisture increased proportionately with silt and clay content but decreased proportionately with coarse and fine sand content. Quercetin 3-rhamnoside and quercetin were isolated from C. colocynthis leaves and had a moderate repellant effect against T. castaneum and effectively lowered the population of the beetles by 82.5%. In conclusion, there was a strong relationship between the physicochemical properties of soil. Furthermore, the flavonoid constituents of C. colocynthis had potential insecticidal properties.

[Amal AMA. Ecological studies on the colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis (L.) (Curcurbitaceae) from Shada, Saudi Arabia and its insect repellent properties. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):125-133]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.17.

Keywords: Soil pH; Soil moisture; Soil textural components; Citrullus colocynthis; Flavonoids; Tribolium castaneum

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Prognostic value of presepsin (soluble cd14 subtype) in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock

AbdAllah T.H. ¹, El-Reweny E.M.¹, El-Sawy M.M^.2, Aboudeif M.M.¹

¹Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

²Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

Abstract: Introduction: Biomarkers, which were introduced in diagnosis and risk assessment of sepsis, could contribute in predicting outcome in those patients affected by sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock who could benefit from a quick and appropriate therapy. Among different molecules that have been suggested as sepsis biomarkers in the last years is presepsin which appears quite promising due to its reported correlation with the septic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prognostic value of presepsin with that of APACHE II score and C-reactive protein (CRP) in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: The-study was carried out on 40 adult patients of both sex suffering from severe sepsis and septic shock, all of them received the same treatment as recommended by the surviving sepsis campaign, 19 of them have survived (Group I), and the other 21 didn’t (Group II). The study group patients are those who were admitted to the units of Critical Care Medicine Department in Alexandria Main University Hospital and who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for severe sepsis or septic shock on arrival to ICU according to the SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Venous blood samples were obtained from Group I and Group II on admission and after 72 hours to determine presepsin level on admission and after 72 hours, CRP level on admission and after 72 hours, and APACHE II score on admission. Plasma presepsin concentrations (pg/ml) were determined using immunoassay analyzer (PATHFAST; Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation, Japan). Patients were managed according to the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines. Results: This study showed that the mean values of presepsin on admission and APACHE II score were significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). While there was no significant difference between both groups regarding mean CRP levels (p=0.642). The best prognostic cutoff for presepsin on admission was 1640 pg/ml: at that level sensitivity and specificity were 90.48 percent and 78.95 percent, respectively. The best prognostic cutoff for APACHE II score was 24; at that level sensitivity and specificity were 71.43 percent and 73.68 percent, respectively. There was a significant correlation between presepsin levels on admission and APACHE II score (r=0.563, p<0.001). Presepsin values in Group I were significantly higher on admission (median=1411.0 pg/ml) than on day three (median=1104.0 pg/ml) (p=0.018), while presepsin values in Group II were significantly lower on admission (median=2199.0 pg/ml) than on day three (median=3580.0 pg/ml) (p=0.030). Conclusions: Presepsin is a new promising biomarker in predicting mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The specificity and sensitivity of presepsin in predicting mortality were higher than those for APACHE II score. Prediction of mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock can be improved by combination of both presepsin and APACHE II score on admission. Presepsin can be used as a marker for disease monitoring.

[AbdAllah TH , El-Reweny EM, El-Sawy MM, Aboudeif MM. prognostic value of presepsin (soluble cd14 subtype) in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):134-141]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.18.

Key words: Presepsin, CRP, APACHE II score, severe sepsis, septic shock.

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The impact of Hepatitis C Virus Load on cardiovascular risk factors in chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis

Sameh AbouZeid MD ; MSc and Noha ElSheikh MD ; MSc

Nephrology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt

sameh.kidney@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is associated with metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, atherogenesis and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Eighty participants considered eligible for the study, 60 patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis, had detectable HCV RNA and were considered to have chronic hepatitis C.The HCV +ve patients were divided into three groups according to PCR into low, moderate and high viremia. Compared with 20 patient on regular hemodialysis with no detectable RNA HCV as control, patients were predominantly having normal serum Calcium (8.5-10.5 mg/dL), Phosphorus: ≤ 5mg/dL PTH ≤250 pg/ml, Hb:10 -12 g/dL. All patients were subjected to full medical history, clinical examination, measurement of serum urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, albumin,fasting blood glucose, blood picture, PTH, CRP and quantitative PCR for hepatitis C levels, ECG, echocardiography in addittion to measuring of carotid intimal thickness were done. Results: A significant increase in left ventricular mass index in hemodialysis patients with high and moderate viremia in comparison to low viremia P (< 0.001) and to control group P (< 0.001). A significant increase in end diastolic diameter in high and moderate viremia in comparison to low viremia and the control group (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is independently associated with the development of structural cardiovascular diseases such as LVMI. Aim: To clarify the association of HCV load with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

[Sameh Abou Zeid and Noha El Sheikh. The impact of Hepatitis C Virus Load on cardiovascular risk factors in chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):142-147]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.19.

Keyword: Hepatitis C Virus, cardiovascular risk, chronic renal failure patients, hemodialysis

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Topical Application of Some Pyrethroids against the Housefly, Musca Domestica L.

Alanazi Naimah Asid¹, Kh. M. Al-Ghamdi¹, J. A. Mahyoub¹, Mamdouh I. Nassar², Mangoud, A.³, Ahmed R. Al-Najada⁴, And B. Z. Alfarhan⁴

¹Dept. of Biological Sciences, Fac. of Science, King Abdulaziz Univ., Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

²Entomology Department, Fac. of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, 12613

³Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt.

⁴King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh. Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: In this study, three pyrethroid insecticides ‘Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin and Cyfluthrin’ were evaluated against field and laboratory strains of the adult females of the housefly, Musca domestica L. using topical application bioassay technique under laboratory conditions. Different concentrations were used, which were ranged between 0.001-0.5 ppm against laboratory strain, while were ranged between 0.01-1.0 ppm against field strain. The mortality% of Deltamethrin ranged between 18-99%, while ranged between 16-98% for Cypermethrin and ranged between 15-99% in case of Cyfluthrin against laboratory strain. On the other hand, the mortality% ranged between 25-92%, 25-91 and 25-89% for Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin and Cyfluthrin against field strain, respectively. The results indicated that Cyfluthrin was the most effective insecticide (LD₅₀ 0.0133 ppm) against the adult females as well as, Deltamethrin (LD₅₀ 0.0185 ppm), while Cypermethrin gave (LD₅₀ 0.0223 ppm) against laboratory strain. Against field strain, Cyfluthrin gave (LD₅₀ 0.0846 ppm), while Deltamethrin gave (LD₅₀ 0.0759 ppm), whereas Cypermethrin gave (LD₅₀ 0.0645 ppm). When comparison between the three insecticides using LD₉₀ level; the same trend was noticed. Slope of laboratory strain in case Deltamethrin, Cyfluthrin and Cypermethrin were 0.9995, 0.0.9594 and 0.9663, respectively, while in filed strain were 0.9817, 0.9248 and 0.9425, respectively. Results indicated that the tabulated X² (Chi)² were 9.5 in the three insecticides while calculated X² (Chi)² of laboratory and field stains of adult females using Deltamethrin was 25.15, whereas was 25.45 and 15.55 when using Cypermethrin and Cyfluthrin, respectively against laboratory stain. In other ward, reached 13.47, 6.63 and 15.55 in case Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin and Cyfluthrin, respectively against field stain. Concerning the population of Jeddah Governorate, resistance ration in each tested pyrethroid insecticides were 4.10, 2.89 and 6.36 fold for Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin and Cyfluthrin, respectively.

[Alanazi Naimah Asid, Kh. M. Al-Ghamdi, J. A. Mahyoub, Mamdouh I. Nassar, Mangoud, A., Ahmed R. Al-Najada, And B. Z. Alfarhan. Topical Application of Some Pyrethroids against the Housefly, Musca Domestica L. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):148-153]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.20.

Keywords: Musca domestica, pyrethroid insecticides ‘Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin and Cyfluthrin, micro applicator, topical application.

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Assessment of Soil Parameters Related With Soil Quality in Agricultural Systems

Evelia Cruz Ruiz ¹, Araceli Cruz Ruiz ¹, Rocio Vaca ², Pedro del Aguila ², Jorge Lugo ²*

^1. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California

^2. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

jorgelug@gmail.com

Abstract: The native vegetation in the central highlands of México is being increasingly replaced by agricultural crops; with conventional agricultural practices consisting of intensive tillage, and monocultures, with the subsequent removal of crop residues which have led to soil deterioration and loss of its natural fertility. Studies dealing with soil transformations followed by different land use practices are crucial for the selection of adequate management practices in order to rehabilitate soil efficiency and to maintain sustainability of the system. The aim of this study is the characterization of different soils (cultivated, forest, and reforested) aiming to identify key indicators of soil quality for Andosols in order to elaborate an index of soil quality. The study was conducted in Calimaya area, central Mexico, using five soils under different vegetation: maize (Zea mays L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a forest soil (Alnus acuminata) with minimal human disturbance and reforested site (Cupressus lusitanica). A series of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils were analyzed: water holding capacity (WHC), texture, bulk density (BD), pH, organic matter (OM) content, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen mineralization (N_m), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (CO₂) and enzymatic activities (catalase, urease and acid phosphatase). The results suggested a soil index based on the parameters: TN, OM and acid phosphatase, which showed comparatively large weight in the factorial analysis including all the parameters analyzed.

[Cruz Ruiz E, Cruz Ruiz A, Vaca R, Del Aguila P, Lugo J. Assessment of Soil Parameters Related With Soil Quality in Agricultural Systems. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):154-161]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.21.

Keywords: Enzyme activity, Changes in land, Multiple linear regression.

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Clinicopathologic Significance of Galectin-3 and Glucose Transporter 1 Expressions in Colorectal Cancer

Hayam E. Rashed¹, Shimaa A. Ahmed¹, Mohamed Abdelgawad²

¹Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

²Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Corresponding Author: Shimaa A. Ahmed; Aragab1972@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second and third most common cancer in women and men respectively. The molecular prognostic factors that may provide targeted therapy to improve the clinical outcome of patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas would be of great help for patients who are likely to benefit from adjuvant therapies and improve their prognosis. Aim of the work: To investigate the prognostic value of galectin-3 and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expressions in colorectal carcinoma and their relationship to clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Galectin-3 and GLUT1 expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 50 patients with colorectal cancer. The relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Results: Galectin-3-positive expression was detected in 44 patients (88%). The incidence of lymph node and distant metastasis in galectin-3 positive cancer was significantly higher than that in galectin-3-negative cases (P =0.001 and P =0.015, respectively). Furthermore, galectin-3 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with tumor size (P =0.001). GLUT1 was expressed in 84% of patients with CRC. GLUT1 expression was significantly correlated with non-mucinous tumor type (P =0.018), poorer differentiation (P = 0.011), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.039), and higher TNM stage (P < 0.007). Conclusion: Galectin-3 and GLUT1 expressions were frequently increased in colorectal adenocarcinomas and significantly associated with poorer clinicopathologic phenotypes.

[Hayam E. Rashed, Shimaa A. Ahmed, Mohamed Abdelgawad. Clinicopathologic Significance of Galectin-3 and Glucose Transporter 1 Expressions in Colorectal Cancer. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):162-169]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.22.

Key words: Colorectal carcinoma, Galectin-3, GLUT1, Prognosis, clinicopathologic.

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Clinicopathologic evaluation of different subtypes of Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma according to WHO classification

Basem Hassan El-Esawy^1,2 and Ahmad Abd El Hakam Elaskary^2,3

¹Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

²Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Taif University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

³Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

basemelesawy2@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the frequency of different subtypes of Non Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) according to WHO classification & study of clinicopathologic correlation. Methods: Total 320 biopsy proven cases of NHL, from 2010 to 2013, were selected. The inclusion criteria in all newly diagnosed patients of NHL with appropriate clinical information regarding gender, anatomic location and occurrence of B symptoms. All the cases were evaluated on Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and special stains. Cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using extensive panel of antibodies and classified according to WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms 2008. Results: Clinical data showed that 215(67.2%) were males and 105(32.8%) females. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The B cell lymphoma comprised of 85 % as compared to T cell lymphoma consisting of 15%. The extra nodal involvement was seen in 130 (40.6 %) cases, while 190 (59.4%) cases showed nodal involvement. The B symptoms were found in overall 153 (47.8 %) cases. Conclusion: B cell NHL is more common as compared to T cell lymphoma. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most frequent B cell lymphoma. The major bulk of T cell lymphomas comprised of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Significant association was seen in the occurrence of B symptoms with extra nodal origin and male gender.

[Basem Hassan El-Esawy and Ahmad Abd El Hakam Elaskary. Clinicopathologic evaluation of different subtypes of Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma according to WHO classification. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):170-174]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.23.

Keywords: Non Hodgkin lymphoma, B & T cell lymphoma Immunohistochemistry, B symptoms

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Prognostic Value of Presepsin (Soluble CD14 Subtype) In Critically Ill Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

AbdAllah T. H ¹, El-Reweny E. M¹, El-Sawy M. M.² and Aboudeif M. M¹

¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

²Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

dr_ehab_elreweny@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Biomarkers, which were introduced in diagnosis and risk assessment of sepsis, could contribute in predicting outcome in those patients affected by sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock who could benefit from a quick and appropriate therapy. Among different molecules that have been suggested as sepsis biomarkers in the last years is presepsin which appears quite promising due to its reported correlation with the septic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prognostic value of presepsin with that of APACHE II score and C-reactive protein (CRP) in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: The study was carried out on 40 adult patients of both sex suffering from severe sepsis and septic shock, all of them received the same treatment as recommended by the surviving sepsis campaign, 19 of them have survived (Group I), and the other 21 didn’t (Group II). The study group patients are those who were admitted to the units of Critical Care Medicine Department in Alexandria Main University Hospital and who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for severe sepsis or septic shock on arrival to ICU according to the SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Venous blood samples were obtained from Group I and Group II on admission and after 72 hours to determine presepsin level on admission and after 72 hours, CRP level on admission and after 72 hours, and APACHE II score on admission. Plasma presepsin concentrations (pg/ml) were determined using immunoassay analyzer (PATHFAST; Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation, Japan). Patients were managed according to the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines. Results: This study showed that the mean values of presepsin on admission and APACHE II score were significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (p<0.001and p =0.002, respectively). While the was no significant difference between both groups regarding mean CRP levels (p =0.642). The best prognostic cutoff for presepsin on admission was 1640 pg/ml: at that level sensitivity and specificity were 90.48 percent and 78.95 percent, respectively. The best prognostic cutoff for APACHE II score was 24; at that level sensitivity and specificity were 71.43 percent and 73.68 percent, respectively. There was a significant correlation between presepsin levels on admission and APACHE II score (r=0.563, p <0.001). Presepsin values in Group I were significantly higher on admission (median=1411.0 pg/ml) than on day three (median=1104.0 pg/ml) (p =0.018), while presepsin values in Group II were significantly lower on admission (median=2199.0 pg/ml) than on day three (median=3580.0 pg/ml) (p =0.030). Conclusions: Presepsin is a new promising biomarker in predicting mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The specificity and sensitivity of presepsin in predicting mortality were higher than those for APACHE II score. Prediction of mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock can be improved by combination of both presepsin and APACHE II score on admission. Presepsin can be used as a marker for disease monitoring.

[AbdAllah TH, El-Reweny EM, El-Sawy M M and Aboudeif M M. Prognostic Value Of Presepsin (Soluble CD14 Subtype) In Critically Ill Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):175-182]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.24.

Key words: Presepsin, CRP, APACHE II score, severe sepsis, septic shock.

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The Role of Plasma D-Dimer as Prognostic Marker in Traumatic Brain Injury

Hassan A.  Abo Khabar; Ehab M  Elreweny and Shawky  SA  Mourad

Critical Care Medicine department, University of Alexandria, Main University Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ramla Station , Alexandria, Egypt.

Dr_ehab_elreweny@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: S-100 B, which is a calcium binding protein, is an attractive marker of primary and secondary brain insults. Coagulopathy is common in TBI with unique features; as the injured brain release tissue factor which triggers coagulopathy and hyperfibrinolysis marked by high levels of plasma D-dimer. The aim of the study was to investigate the value of D-dimer as a prognostic marker of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare it with serum S-100B. Design and setting: prospective study in general intensive care unit. Patients and participants: 50 adult patients with isolated non surgical traumatic brain injury. Admitted between September 2010 to August 2011. Intervention: serum S-100B and D-dimer levels were measured on admission, day 3 and day 14. Results: Initial and follow up S-100 B and D-dimer levels were significantly correlated with Glasgow outcome score (GOS) and also correlated with poor outcome in TBI patients.

[Hassan A Abo Khabar; Ehab M  Elreweny and Shawky SA Mourad. The Role of Plasma D-Dimer as Prognostic Marker in Traumatic Brain Injury. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):183-189]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.25.

Key words: D-Dimer, Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI.

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An Evaluation of a Light Cure and Dual Tray Technique For Indirect Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets

Ameerah Mansour¹; Zuhair Bakhsh²

¹Department of dental public health, Assistant Professor (consultant in orthodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, , JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assistant Professor, King Abdulaziz University, JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia

zbakhsh@kau.edu.sa

Objectives: The aim of this study were to evaluate (1) the bond strength of a light cured resin cement and (2) the effectiveness of a double transfer tray technique in indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets. Methods: A total of 150 bovine teeth were mounted in blocks of 6 and distributed to test (indirect bonding) and control (direct bonding) groups. Brackets were bonded using the total etch technique for the control group. For the test group, a 1mm hard and 1mm soft double tray with the addition of a light cure resin (Filtek Flow) was used for bonding. Tensile bond strength was recorded 20 minutes following bonding. Results: No significant difference in bond strength was found between any two teeth or between the test and control groups. Bond strength was 8.13 (0.44) and 7.76 (1.82) MPa for the test and control groups respectively. Conclusion: The light cure material provided clinically acceptable bond strengths and is recommended for indirect bonding. In addition, the double tray technique provided an effective method for indirect bonding.

[Ameerah Mansour and  Zuhair Bakhsh. An Evaluation of a Light Cure and Dual Tray Technique For Indirect Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):190-193]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.26.

Keywords: Indirect bonding – bonding tray – Filtek Flow – bracket bonding,  An Evaluation of a Light Cure and Dual Tray Technique For Indirect Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets

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Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Studies on Calendula Officinalis

Mona Mohamed*¹, Olov Sterner², karl-Erik Bergquistt²

¹Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI)

² Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, 221 00, Lund, Sweden

tbi20042003@hotmail.com

Abstract: From the leaves of Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) two new triterpene saponins, named sophradiol 3-O- α -L-¹C₄-rhamnopyranosyl-(1'''→4'')- O-β -D-⁴C₁-galactopyranosyl (1''→6')- O-β-D ⁴C₁- galactopyranoside (10) and 23-hydroxy-3α-[(O-α-L-¹C₄-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"→4')-O-α-L⁴C₁-arabinopyranosyl)-oxy]olean12-en-28-oic acid O-α-L-¹C₄-rhamnopyranosyl-(1'''''→4'''')-O-β-D-⁴C₁-galactopyranosyl-(1''''→6''')-O-β-D-⁴C_1-galactopyranosyl ester (11) were isolated. In addition, nine known compounds were isolated, namely E- caffeic acid (1), quercetin (2), 4',5-dimethoxy quercetin (3), 8- sulfated apigenin (4) rutin (5), quercetin 3-O-β-D-⁴C_1-neohesperidoside (6), 3,3',4'-trimethoxy quercetin (7), oleanolic acid, (8), oleanolic acid 3-O- β-D-⁴C₁-glucopyranosyl(1''→3')- O-β-D-⁴C₁- glucopyranside (9), All metabolites were isolated for the first time from this plant. The structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic methods (UV, ESI-MS, ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR,¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC and HMBC). Cytotoxic screening of the butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts was carried out on brine shrimps. In addition the investigated butanol extract and major isolates (10 and 11) were also tested against the HepG2 tumor cell line

[Mona Mohamed, Olov Sterner and karl-Erik Bergquistt. Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Studies on Calendula Officinalis. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):194-201]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.27.

Keywords: Calendula officinalis; triterpene saponins; brine shrimp; HepG2

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Study of the HCV Status Effect on Soluble P – Selectin Levels as a Marker of Platelet Activation in Hemodialysis Patients

Mona Hosny ¹, Eman Abd-El Rahman², Hayam Aref¹, Mohamed Saafan³

¹Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

²Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

³Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt.

abdulsalammh999990@yahoo.com

Abstract: In hemodialysis patients, soluble cellular adhesion molecule P- selectin has been found to be higher than normal. Chronic viral hepatitis C infection, highly prevalent in HD patients, is a disease that can induce chronic inflammation. Forty ESRD patients on prevalence hemodialysis were enrolled in the study; 20 HCV positive and 20 HCV negative patients. For all patients, the following was done: CBC, MPV, BT, blood urea, ALT, AST, ESR, CRP, total Cholesterol, and transferrin saturation percent. Serum soluble P – selectin as an indicator of in – vivo platelet activity, was measured by Immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with normal P – selectin range up to 100 ng / ml. We excluded from the study patients having liver cirrhosis, liver cell failure, DM, acute and chronic inflammatory states other than ESRD, HD, and chronic HCV infection, and lastly drugs affecting platelets. P-selectin levels were much above normal in the two studied groups with no significant difference between them.HCV positive patients showed significantly lower levels than HCV negative patients as regards WBC count (P = 0.007), platelet count (P = 0.056), total Cholesterol (P < 0.001). HCV positive patients showed significantly higher levels as regards MPV (P = 0.05), TSAT % (P < 0.001), ALT (P = 0.031), and AST (P = 0.017).We found a positive correlation between P–selectin and each of WBCs, blood urea, CRP, ALT, and AST, and an inverse correlation between P –selectin and serum albumin level.ALT, AST, WBC, MPV were the most important factors affecting P–selectin level in a direct relationship, while serum Albumin affected P -selectin level in an inverse manner. P–selectin is as much important as CRP, IF not more valuable in assessing the chronic inflammatory state induced by HCV infection in ESRD patients on prevalent HD.

[Mona Hosny, Eman Abd-El Rahman, Hayam Aref, Mohamed Saafan. Study of the HCV Status Effect on Soluble P – Selectin Levels as a Marker of Platelet Activation in Hemodialysis Patients. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):202-211]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.28.

Key Words: P – Selectin – Inflammation – Hemodialysis – Hcv Infection

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Effect of intervention Guidelines on self care practices of pregnant women with urinary tract infection

Manal Hassan Ahmed Hassan

Assistant Professor of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University.

Abstract: Pregnancy and urinary tract infections UTIs often go hand in hand since pregnant women are at an increased risk of developing UTIs. Pregnancy hormones cause changes in the urinary tract which predispose women to infections. In addition, as the uterus grows it presses on the bladder and can prevent complete emptying of urine. This stagnant urine is a likely source of infection. Untreated these infection may lead to kidney infection. Urinary tract infections in pregnant women should be treated with appropriate therapy together with healthy life style activities (self care practices) in order to prevent complications such as premature labor. Design: A Quasi- experimental study design was used. Aim: To determine the effect of intervention guidelines on self care practices of pregnant women with urinary tract infection Setting: The study was conducted in the antenatal clinic at Tanta University Hospital and El Menshawy Hospital. In addition, two MCH centers affiliated to different available geographic health zones (medical centers at Said and sager). Sample: A total number of 42 pregnant women diagnosed with urinary tract infection and who were fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Tools: 1-Structured interview schedule to assess socio demographic characteristics, reproductive history, 2- Collected data related to UTI symptoms and the followed self care practices (Self –Care Assessment Structured Interviewing Schedule (SCASIS) was used, 3- Women knowledge regarding urinary tract infection,4- Self care practices' Specific affect and, 5–The developed intervention guidelines on self care practices regarding urinary tract infection. Results: Women showed mean scores of pre-intervention deficient, incorrect knowledge, and unsatisfactory self care practices regarding their urinary tract infection symptoms. Statistically significant improvements in the total scores were found at the post-test and 3 months later compared with pre-intervention scores (p<0.001). Furthermore there were obvious improvement and relieving of UTI symptoms as reported by women after the implementation of intervention guidelines. Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings of the present study enlighten some important aspects regarding women knowledge and self care practices toward urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Therefore the study recommended Increase awareness of pregnant women regarding physiological changes of pregnancy- Increase awareness of women self care needs, requests, facilitate and increase the self care abilities of the woman to perform self care activities- provides the woman with sufficient knowledge to recognize the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection to facilitate early detection and prevention of future infection.

[Manal Hassan Ahmed Hassan. Effect of intervention Guidelines on self care practices of pregnant women with urinary tract infection. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):212-224]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.29.

Key words: Self care practice; urinary tract infection; pregnancy.

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Measuring the Level of Online Transaction Fraud and the Feature Distribution based on the E-commerce Chain：An Empirical Analysis of E-commerce Fraud in China

Weiqun Zhang ^1,2, Alex Y.-S. Lin³, Yan Tian ², Qi Li ¹

^1. School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China

^2. School of Statistics, Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710100, China

^3. School of Business, Beijing Institute of Technology (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519088, China

alexlin218@gmail.com

Abstract: This article aims to define the concept of the commercial fraud and expand the theoretical model of business chain based on the deficiency of the level of online transaction fraud and distribution measurement. Based on the concept, the authors designed the measurement tools for online transaction level and the distribution on the nodes of business chain from the amount of commercial frauds and fraud level. This paper uses the survey data to analyze the level of online transaction fraud and distribution in China. The results of this study show that the amount of online transaction fraud in China is higher than the occurrences of fraud, and the fraud behavior mostly occurs on the front-end of business chain. The study also shows that the level of fraud among female participants is higher than male, yet there is no significant difference in the fraud level for participants with different cultural backgrounds.

[Weiqun Zhang, Alex Y.-S. Lin, Yan Tian, Qi Li. Measuring the Level of Online Transaction Fraud and the Feature Distribution based on the E-commerce Chain：An Empirical Analysis of E-commerce Fraud in China. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):225-228]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.30.

Keywords: E-commerce chain; online transaction; the level of fraud; measurement tool design

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Chitinase gene mutations induced by two insect growth regulators in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Najat A. Khatter

King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science for Girls Biology department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. najat.khatter4@gmail.com

Abstract: This piece of work aims to evaluate the oral-uptake sub-lethal doses LC₅₀ & LC₉₀ against molting hormone agonist, ecdysone agonist, (methoxyfenozide) and chitin synthesis inhibitors, benzoylphenylurea derivatives, (triflumuron) on Spodoptera littoralis biology and chitodextrinase enzymegene. These takes place by catalyzing the random hydrolysis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins as IGRs effect chitin formation and degardation. The obtained results demonstrated that triflumuron was more powerful against 2^nd larval instar, with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ (0.4 and 1.5 mg/L) respectively, than methoxyfenozide which has LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ (1.625 and 2.625 mg/L) respectively, on all biological aspects (fecundity, fertility), also by inducing many morphological abnormalities. Induced mutations by using both sub-lethal doses LC₅₀ & LC₉₀ were screened in the transcribed mRNA and the predicted proteins after two days of treatments. Chitin synthesis inhibitor was more effective than molting agonist of Spodoptera littoralis biology and chitodextrinase enzymegene. The present study highlights the mode of action of IGRs during the process of chitin formation and degradation in cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) larvae as a target and model insect.

[Najat A. Khatter. Chitinase gene mutations induced by two insect growth regulators in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Life Sci J 2015;12(1):229-238]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. doi:10.7537/marslsj120115.31.

Keywords: Insect growth regulators, oral administration, Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis, Chitodextrinase enzymegene, mutations.

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