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 Life Science Journal 
Acta Zhengzhou University Overseas Edition 
(Life Sci J)
ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online), doi:10.7537/j.issn.1097-8135
Volume 10 - Special Issue 12 (Supplement 1012s), December 25, 2013. life1012s
 Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, Author Index, lsj1012s
 
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CONTENTS

No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

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1

The Global Assessment Function comparison in bipolar patients at Mania episode and mixed episode and analysing the relationship between the anxiety and depression rate of these two groups of patients

 

Parisa Divsalar, MD1, Faeze Shafiei Darbasiabi, MSc2, Amir Nasehzadeh, MSc3, Kouros Divsalar, MSc4, Elham Dehyadegary, Ph.D. 5

 

1.Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Pasteur hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.

2.Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

3.Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

4.Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

5.Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Corresponding Author: Kouros Divsalar, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Address: Postal Code: 7619813159, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, EbneSina Street, Jahad Blvd. Tel: 0341-2264180, Fax: 0341-2264198, Email: Kouros_Divsalar@yahoo.com

 

ABSTRACT: To compare two samples of Bipolar patients presenting in mixed and manic episodes to assess their difference in terms of anxiety, depression and functioning. The sample included 94 patients who were admitted to the Shahid Beheshti mental hospital of Kerman Iran during autumn, winter (2007) and spring (2008) and were firmly diagnosed suffering from bipolar disorder type-I based on DSM-IV framework. Then they were grouped under the two category of manic episode (48 Patients) and mixed episode (46 Patients).All patients were evaluated by the Hamilton’s Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Hamilton’s Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The patients’ functionality was rated during their illness and for the period of 6 months prior to their admittance using “Global Assessment of Functioning” (GAF) scoring system. The average of both Hamilton’s Depression and Anxiety rates in bipolar mixed patients were significantly higher than manic patients. The patient’s functionality rate at the time of admission was reduced noticeably for both groups but the functionality between both groups while they were admitted to the hospital did not show a significant difference. Mixed patients may suffer from anxiety and depression more than manic ones, but both of these groups have impaired functionality.

[Parisa Divsalar, Faeze Shafiei Darbasiabi, Amir Nasehzadeh, Kouros Divsalar, Elham Dehyadegary. The Global Assessment Function comparison in bipolar patients at Mania episode and mixed episode and analysing the relationship between the anxiety and depression rate of these two groups of patients. Life Sci J 2013;(12s):1-7]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.01

 

Keywords: GAF, Bipolar disorder, Mania, Mixed, Depression, Anxiety

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2

Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Dorema aucheri by Artemia urmiana: a Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

 

Ali Mirzaei 1, Nooshin Mirzaei1, Mehdi Ghavamizadeh2*

 

1Medicinal Plant Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

2*Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

*Corresponding author: mehdighavamiz@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This study was designed for determination of phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic potential by Artemia urmiana system. Dorema aucheri is a wild vegetable and medicinal plant was collected in Yasuj, Iran and the samples were air dried for extraction. Material and methods: The cysts of A. urmiana were obtained from the Artemia Research Center (Urmia, Iran) and hatched in the laboratory for prepared of A. urmina larve for study. Total phenolic, flavonoids levels and antioxidant activity were determined. Fresh larvae were exposed to different extracts and concentrations of D. aucheri for 24 hours and the numbers of live and dead larvae were estimated. LC 50 of control and extracts were examined. The data were analyzed using the Finney’s probit analysis. Results: Hydro-alcoholic extract had the highest total phenol (72 mg Gallic acid/g extract) and flavonoids (12 mg Rutin/g extract) contents. The antioxidant activity measured by Dipheny-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (900 mmol trolox/g extract) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (350 mmol trolox/g extract)methods. Hydro-alcohol extract displayed potent brine shrimp lethality with LC50 76.50±0.60μg.ml-1. Conclusion: Hydro alcohol extract was more lethal to larvae of A. urmiana compare to aqueous extract. So, Hydro alcohol extract could be a source of new compounds with biological activity.

[Ali Mirzaei, Nooshin Mirzaei, Mehdi Ghavamizadeh. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Dorema aucheri by Artemia urmiana: a Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):8-12](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.02

 

Key words: Artemia urmiana, Dorema auchri, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant activity, Total phenol.

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3

KT/V and URR and the Adequacy of Hemodialysis in Iranian provincial hospitals : an evaluation study

 

Mahin Roozitalab1, Bijan Mohammadi1, Shahla Najafi1, Sadrollah Mehrabi2*, Mohammad Fararouei1

 

1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

2*Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: sadrollahm@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: There are several methods for measuring the adequacy of dialysis and disability in dialysis patients. Kt/V and the Urea Reduction Ratio (URR) are among the worldwide accepted measures. Due to a significant and direct association between the clinical status and mortality of patients and adequacy of hemodialysis services, evaluation of the services and relative factors are necessary. This study measured the adequacy of Hemodialysis in patients hospitalized at Hemodialysis wards of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province. Matherials and methods: In this evaluation study, after taking informed consent form 41 eligible patients admitted to hemodialysis units blood samples were taken and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured before and after Hemodialysis. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential (one way ANOVA test and t-test) statistical methods. Results: The minimum and maximum KT/V indices were 0.45 and 1.77 respectively. Regarding the standard KT/V level 17 patients (41.5 percent) received adequate dialysis services. The minimum and maximum URR were 28% and 75% respectively with an average of 50% ±0.69. Regarding the URR index, 20 patients (48.8 percent) received inadequate dialysis services. Conclusion: according to the dialysis adequacy indices (KT/V and URR) nearly half of patients admitted to these Hemodialysis wards received inadequate hemodialysis services that need more supervision and follow up of patients.

[Mahin Roozitalab, Bijan Mohammadi, Shahla Najafi, Sadrollah Mehrabi, Mohammad Fararouei. KT/V and URR and the Adequacy of Hemodialysis in Iranian provincial hospitals: an evaluation study. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s): 13-16](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.03

 

Key words: Hemodialysis, Adequacy, Kt/V, URR

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4

Effects of hydrophilic extract of Allium Jesdianum on prevention and treatment of ethylene glycol induced renal stone in male wistar rats

 

Razieh Vahdani1, Sadrollah Mehrabi*2, Janmohammad Malekzadeh2, Haibatallah Sadeghi2, Ramin Jannesar2, Farhad Mehrabi3

 

1Medicinal plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

2Student committee research center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

3Student committee research center, Shiraz University of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

*Corresponding author: sadrollahm@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Allium Jesdianum is an endemic plant of Zagross Mountains. It is used for the treatment of renal stones by native resident. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of hydrophilic extract of Allium Jesdianum on ethylene glycol-induced renal stone in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study 44 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups and studied during 30 days. Two groups of negative and healthy control received usual water and 1% ethylene glycol in water respectively. Low dose and high dose preventive groups, in addition to 1% ethylene glycol, daily gavaged with 1g/kg and 2g/kg of extract respectively. All rats were hold in metabolic cages individually in days 0, 15 and 30 and 24-hour urine samples were collected and checked for volume, oxalate, citrate, calcium, phosphor and uric acid. In 30th day, after taking serum sample, they were killed and their kidneys were sent for pathological evaluation which was examined for presence and volume of calcium oxalate crystals. Results: Number of calcium oxalate crystals in negative control groups (18.7 ±26.1), preventive groups with low dose (5.3±8.2) and high dose (80.6±82.8) in comparison to healthy control group increased and this difference between preventive group with high dose and healthy control group was significant (p <.05). In 30th day urinary oxalate concentration in preventive and negative control groups were more than healthy control group that was statistically significant (p<0.05). Discussions: This study showed that hydrophilic extract of Allium Jesdianum has some efficacy for prevention of calcium oxalate stones in rat as an animal model, but its effect on urinary and serum parameters efficient in renal stones is not significant.

[Razieh Vahdani, Sadrollah Mehrabi, Janmohammad Malekzadeh, Haibatallah Sadeghi, Ramin Jannesar, Farhad Mehrabi. Effects of hydrophilic extract of Allium Jesdianum on prevention and treatment of ethylene glycol induced renal stone in male wistar rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):17-21]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.04

 

Key words: Allium Jesdianum, calcium oxalate, ethylene glycol, Nephrolithiasis, rat

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV-Positive Patients in Sanandaj, Iran in the years 2007-2008

 

Homeira Ghobadi*¹, Ghobad Moradi¹, Fatemeh Mirhadi², Fardin Gharibi1, Alireza Gharib1

 

1Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

2Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: homeira.ghobadi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The importance of intestinal parasitic infections has increased with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. There are no more reports on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in HIV positive patients in Iran. A study of stool samples from 74 HIV-infected patients, who visited Behavioral Disease Consultation Clinic, Sanandaj, Iran, was performed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections and CD4 cell count. The total prevalence of parasites was 25.7%. The following parasites were identified: Blastosystis hominis(6.8%), Entamoeba coli(6.8%), Giardia lambelia(1.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum(8%) Cyclospora cayetanensis(2.7%). Intestinal parasites such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis were significantly more frequent in the low immunity group with diarrhea. No association was observed between CD4 cell count and manifestation of any particular parasites.

[Homeira Ghobadi, Ghobad Moradi, Fatemeh Mirhadi, Fardin Gharibi, Alireza Gharib. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV-Positive Patients in Sanandaj-Kurdistan Province-west Iran in 2007-2008. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):22-24] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.05

 

Key words: Intestinal parasites, HIV positive patient, Iran.

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6

Relationship between Body Core Stabilization and Athletic Function in Football, Basketball and Swimming Athletes

 

Fatemeh Pouya (Msc)1, Farahnaz Ghaffarinejad (Msc)2

 

1. Department of Anatomy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran

2. Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran

 

Corresponding Author: Fatemeh Pouya, Department of Anatomy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.

Address: Kerman University of Medical Science, 22 Bahman Blvd. Tel: 0341- 3221660-3, Fax: 0341- 3224615, Email: Fatemeh-Pouya@Yahoo.Com

 

Abstract: Core stability is an ability to control movement and position of trunk on pelvic that permits distal segments to control and transfer force and motions during sport activities. Muscle contraction can improve this stability. Improving core stability can also cause improvement in athletic functions, prevention of injury, increasing power, improve stability and balance. This study determines the relationship between core stability and athletic functions in football, basketball and swimming athletes. This study had easy sample and participants were men between 20-30 years old; consist of 3 groups, 20 persons in each one, professional athletes of football, basketball and swimming. Participants which had inclusion criteria examined in two continues days.in the first day core stability tests such as anterior, posterior and lateral (right, left) abdominal muscles endurance test, and in the second day functional tests including vertical jump, 40 yard running, medicine ball throw and star excursion balance test were done. Statistical techniques were ANOVA and Pearson Correlation. According to findings it was showed that core stability means in football, basketball and swimming athletes had not significant differences with each other. In assessment of relationship between core stability tests with functional tests (vertical jump, medicine ball throw and star test) small positive relationship was seen, but between core stability and 40 yard running, no significant relationship was found. Although we found small relationship between core stability test and functional tests (except running) but correlation was small one. So we can’t conclude about this relationship and we need to do some more researches.

[Fatemeh Pouya (Msc), Farahnaz Ghaffarinejad (Msc). Relationship between Body Core Stabilization and Athletic Function in Football, Basketball and Swimming Athletes. Life Sci J 2013;]. (12s):25-30]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.06

 

Key Words: Core Stability, Athletes, Functional Test

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7

Effects of Music on Pain, Anxiety and Vital Signs of Children during Colonoscopy

 

Mohammad Ali Kiani1, Mehri Nagaphi2, Seyed Ali Jafari1, Majid Ghayour Mobarhan3, Shabnam Mohammadi4, Masumeh Saeidi1, Ebrahim Kiani5, Gordon AA Ferns6

 

1. Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2. Department of Gastroenterology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3. Biochemistry and Nutritional Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4. Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

5. Department of Pediatric, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

6. Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Keele Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK

jafaria@mums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of music on pain, anxiety and vital signs in children undergoing colonoscopy. This was a randomized clinical study. It was carried out on 100 children (7 to 14 years old) requiring colonoscopy. Children were randomly allocated to a control or music group. The music group was played relaxing music (by Clayderman) during the procedure. Spiegelberger and pain questionaires were administered immediately after the colonoscopy. Pulse rate, blood pressure and percent blood oxygen saturation were recorded for each subject. The control group was treated in an identical manner, but was not played music during the procedure. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Satisfaction, anxiety, pain, and blood pressure were significantly different between the groups (P <0.05), but oxygen saturation and heart rate did not differ significantly (P> 0.05). Music can reduce anxiety and pain during colonoscopy.

[Kiani MA, Nagaphi M, Jafari SA, Ghayour MM, Mohammadi S, Saeidi M, Kiani E, Ferns AAG. Effects of Music on Pain, Anxiety and Vital Signs of Children during Colonoscopy. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):31-33] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.07

 

Keywords: Anxiety; Music; Vital signs; Colonoscopy

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8

Politics in the Organizational Life: A Study of the Public Sector of Pakistan

 

Adnan Riaz 1 and Dr. Aisha Akbar 2

 

1. PhD Scholar, Department of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Islamabad, Pakistan.

2. Professor, Department of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Islamabad, Pakistan.

adnanriaz.aiou@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Political behavior is a common aspect of organizational life. Literature shows organizational politics as an aversive phenomenon therefore, various efforts have been made in different settings to know the causes and consequences of politics. This study attempts to explore the reactions of organizational politics prescribed by Hirschman’s theory of organizational decline (1970) from public sector employees of Pakistan. Through questionnaire survey, 109 responses were collected randomly. Results showed perception of politics as a significant predictor towards exit, voice, loyalty and neglect behavior. However, loyalty emerged as a key outcome of prevailing politics in the organization. Discussions and managerial implications are discussed based on the results.

[Adnan Riaz and Dr. Aisha Akbar. Politics in the Organizational Life: A Study of the Public Sector of Pakistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):34-38]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.08

 

Keywords: Perception of Politics, Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Neglect, Pakistan

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Reform in Insurance Payment in Iran

 

Nader Hassan Nezhad, Abdullayeva Rasmiyya Sabir Qizi

 

Institute of Economy, National Academy of Sciences in Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

naderhasannezhad@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Today, the way of supplying treatment service expenditures, though is considered as a serious challenge for governments of most of the world countries, is one of the main problems of most low or average-income families. In this research, determining the extent of direct and out of pocket payments of diabetic patients for receiving treatment and comparison of treatment expenditures of diabetes in all kinds of insurance have been considered. This research design is causal-comparative. Information needed in this research is collected by researcher - made questionnaire, content validity of which is confirmed by professions. Data analysis has been done by the statistical model of one way analysis of variance, follow-up test of Dancan and t-test. Among people with three kinds of insurances of Treatment Services, Social Support, and other insurances regarding general expense, native & non- native patient expenditures, direct and indirect ones, emergency and normal patients expenditures, the ratio of out of pocket payment and direct expense, there is significant difference. Also, there has been seen significant difference (p<0.01،F=19.37) in out of pocket payment ratio from direct expenditures and general ones (F=25.36, p<0.01) in three kinds of insurances being studied, such that out of pocket payment who is under the insurance of treatment services 59.55%, social supply 50.34% and other insurances 32%. Though improvements in the country’s health and treatment indices, the health system has been faced with serious challenge in the way of supplying treatment care service expenditures and the insurance system has low efficacy in protecting families against health expenditures. Therefore it seems that attempts to integrate insurances and maximize service insurance coverage and their promise limits could be proper method in decreasing the ratio of out of pocket payment and protecting families against confronting with excess health expenditures and poorness resulted from that.

[Hassan Nezhad N, Rasmiyya Sabir Qizi A. Reform in Insurance Payment in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):39-46] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.09

 

Keywords: Insurance; payment; Iran

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The role of business insurance in the conditions of the forced industrial and innovative development

 

Dossalyanov Damir1, Olzhabayeva Raushan1, Sadvakassova Aigul2

 

1PhD candidate, Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, Kazakhstan

2Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, High School of Business "EurAsia", President, Kazakhstan

kairat_phd@mail

 

Abstract: In article value of insurance for the companies in the conditions of the forced industrial and innovative development is considered. The analysis of a current state of insurance branch of the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out. Recommendations about improvement of relationship of insurance companies with corporate clients are made.

[Dossalyanov D., Olzhabayeva R., Sadvakassova A. The role of business insurance in the conditions of the forced industrial and innovative development. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):47-51] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.10

 

Keywords: insurance of business, innovation, corporate insurance.

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On dual elastic lines in dual Lorentzian space

 

Nevin Gürbüz

 

Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Türkiye

ngurbuz@ogu.edu.tr

 

Abstract: In this paper, we derive intrinsic formulation for dual elastic line on the non-null dual unit sphere.

[Nevin Gürbüz. On dual elastic lines in dual Lorentzian space . Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):52-57]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.11

 

Keywords: Dual Lorentzian space, elastic line

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A Study on Method of Measuring Value of Human resource in Banks

 

Arash Tofangsaz1 (Corresponding Author), Hamidreza Vakilifard2, Ghodratollah Talebnia3, Marzieh Ghobadi Pour4

 

1. Master of Arts in Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Centre of Saveh (Corresponding Author)

2. Ph.D. in Accounting, Board Member of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Centre of Tehran

3. Ph.D. in Accounting, Board Member of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Centre of Tehran

4.Ph.D Student in Educational Technology, The University of Mysore, India.

arashtofangsaz@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: With respect to the intensification of competition among companies, realization of importance of human resource by them as a strategic factor of organizations and need of management for information for decision-making, the issue of measuring value of human resource has gained attentions for many years. Human resource of an institute is a competitive edge of the present time and evaluation of these resources is of paramount importance in decision-making of institutes. As far as monetary criterion is concerned, the tool to measure human resource is human resource accounting. Attempt to measure activities related to creation of human capital will require the application of relevant and reliable tools. By employing human resource accounting, it would be possible to evaluate the investments proposed for human resource based on costing methods. Using historical cost models or human resource replacement model, it would be possible to measure and disclose us in accounting and management reports and basic financial statements. The present paper aims to present comprehensive information - including definition, history, importance, evaluation methods, and its special position - on human resource accounting (HRA), as one of the modern approaches in accounting. Meanwhile, by introducing human resource valuation models, we study possibility of measuring value of people working in banks, as an economic institution where human resource plays a crucial role and where information of HRA is used for decision-making of management, investment, etc.

[Arash Tofangsaz, Hamidreza Vakilifard, Ghodratollah Talebnia, Marzieh Ghobadi Pour. A Study on Method of Measuring Value of Human resource in Banks. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):58-68]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.12

 

Keywords: human resource accounting (HRA), human resource valuation, valuation models, human assets

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An Investigation into Methods of Human Resource Valuation in the Iranian Private Banks (The Case Study of Shahr Bank)

 

Arash Tofangsaz1 (Corresponding Author), Hamidreza Vakilifard2, Ghodratollah Talebnia3, Marzieh Ghobadi Pour4

 

1. Master of Arts in Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Centre of Saveh (Corresponding Author)

2. Ph.D. in Accounting, Board Member of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Centre of Tehran

3. Ph.D. in Accounting, Board Member of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Centre of Tehran

4. Ph.D Student in Educational Technology, The University of Mysore, India.

arashtofangsaz@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In present era the main approach of enterprises and organizations is always changing, the key focus for survival and profitability is based on the knowledge and information. Human resources are the core of this evolution; therefore, the potential success of organizations depends mainly on some mental capabilities that are beyond the realm of physical assets. Due to the expansion of enterprises’ competition, the importance of human resources as a strategic factor, and managers’ information need, valuating human resources has attracted lots of attention. Thus, assessing such resources is important in organizations’ decision-making. This study investigates possibility of valuating human resources of banks, as economic enterprises in which human resources play critical role, and in particularly investigates the Shahr Bank of Iran. It aims to measure the value of human resources through Historical Cost Method and Economic Value Method and quantifying this value. This study is a semi-empirical; its methodology is descriptive and also considers an applied research. Therefore, it could be categorized as post-event. It is conducted using actual data pertaining to Shahr Bank and library method for collecting data. Statistical population of the study includes all line and staff workers of Shahr Bank in 2011, which were 1435 individuals. Measurement methods have been abovementioned ones as well as data analysis using EViews7 software to test mean equivalence. T-test and OLS regression models are used to test hypotheses. The results obtained in this study indicate that using abovementioned models is possible to measure the value of human resources. Hence, it is possible to quantify the value of the services provided by human resources into monetary indices and to identify human resource as an asset. The results of the analysis demonstrate that using Historical Cost Method is more reliable than Economic Value Method as it better matches with the actual costs.

[Arash Tofangsaz, Hamidreza Vakilifard, Ghodratollah Talebnia, Marzieh Ghobadi Pour. An Investigation into Methods of Human Resource Valuation in the Iranian Private Banks (The Case Study of Shahr Bank). Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):69-79]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.13

 

Keywords: Human Resource Accounting, Human Resource Valuation, Human Assets, Historical Cost Method, Economic Value Method

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Prediction of Driving Behaviors Base on Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) Modelin Truck Drivers

 

Teamur Aghamolaei1, Amin Ghanbarnejad2, abdolhamidtajvar3, Ali Asadiyan4, Masoud Ashoogh4*

 

1. Associate Professor of Health Education, Department of Public Health, Health School, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2. Instructor of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Health School, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3. Instructor of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health, Health School, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

4. M.Sc. student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar, Iran Abbas.

 

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Traffic injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in the world. Base on the World Health Organization (WHO) report, annually almost 500 thousands of people killed and 50 million persons injured because of the traffic injuries. Purpose of this study was prediction of driving behaviors based on theory planned behavior (TPB) in Bandar Abbas truck Cargo terminals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our research was a cross-sectional study that conducted on 240 truck drivers, in Bandar Abbas city truck Cargo terminals, at June 2013. The instrument used for gathering data wasa questionnaire that included demographic characteristic and TPB constructs. For prediction driving safety behavior were used multiple regression analyses with significance level at 0.05. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) age of drivers and their driving history were38.3(±9.8) and 13.8 (±9) years, respectively. Multiple regression analyses show that attitude and perception of drivers can be predictedtheir intention for safety driving behavior. Drivers who had more positive attitude and perception more likely had been intention and perception for safety driving behaviors. CONCLUSION: This study conducted on truck driver in Bandar Abbas of Iran and their findings suggested that are needed appropriate and designated interventional programs for improvement of attitude and perception of Iranian truck drivers.

[Teamur Aghamolaei, Amin Ghanbarnejad, abdolhamidtajvar, Ali Asadiyan, Masoud Ashoogh. Prediction of Driving Behaviors Base on Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) Model in Truck Drivers. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):80-84]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.14

 

Key words:Theory, Planned Behavior, Driving, Injury, Traffic

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Investigation of the epidemiology of hypertension and BMI in the adult population in the province of Hormozgan, during 2011

 

Sakineh Dadipoor1,Sakineh Fallahi2, Ali Safari Moradabadi3, Amin Ghanbarnejad4,Hossein Montazerghaem 5*

 

1.Master Student Health Education, Research Center for Reproductive Persian Gulf, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2.M.Sc in Nursing, Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3.Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran Master Student Health Education, Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

4.MS in Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

5.Assisstant professor of Cardiovascular surgery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

hghaem@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This disease, if left untreated Creatied complications in vital organs such as the kidneys, brain, eyes, heart and is a contextly risk factor for coronary artery disease and Cause of disability, death and impose a huge cost to society. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of hypertension and BMI in the adult population in the province of hormozgan. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 1531 the number of adults in a random sample from different parts of the province were studied. Data collection of pre-set questions, a mercury manometer and the digital scale, Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. Hypertension According to the latest JNC-VII guidelines patients was applied to systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. And also to Data describe were used the frequency and percentage. Results: The findings showed that the prevalence of hypertension increases with age and BMI. In this study, 58.1% of the subjects had a BMI ≥ 25 and BMI was significant difference between men and women. BMI ≥ 25 were in women (34.94) and male (23.18%). Conclusion: This study showed that affected several factors such as BMI, age, sex, diabetes and hyperlipidemia in suffering hypertension.

[Sakineh Dadipoor,Sakineh Fallahi, Ali Safari Moradabadi, Amin Ghanbarnejad, Hossein Montazerghaem. Investigation of the epidemiology of hypertension and BMI in the adult population in the province of Hormozgan, during 2011. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):85-90]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.15

 

Keyword: Hormozgan, BMI, Hypertension, adult population

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Prevalence of legal abortions and correlated causes in a central women’s hospital in south of Iran (2009-2012)

 

Sakineh Dadipoor 1, Ali Safari Moradabadi1, Fatemeh Esmaeelion2, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari3, Azin Alavi2, Sakineh Fallahi *4, Zahra Zangnh5

 

1.Master student in Health education, Student Research Commmittee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2.Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shariati hospital, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

3.phD Student of Molecular Medicine Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

4.Master 0f nursing, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran.

5.B.SC student in radiology, Student Research Commmittee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Fallahi.Sakineh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Abortion is termination of pregnancy by any means so that the fetus lacks the ability to live outside the uterus. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess the causes of legal abortion in pregnant women referred to a central women’s hospital in south of Iran. Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, all the records of therapeutic abortions from 2009 till 2012 which were approved by forensic specialist were included. A total of 176 records were included and the extracted data were analysed by SPSS software. Results: Most cases were in 2010 (35.2%), and the fewest cases were in 2009 (13.1%). The mean age of the women was (6.1±26.6). In most cases (87.5%) the legal abortions had fetal causes and 12.5% had maternal causes. The most prevalent fetal cause of abortion was due to thalassemia (41.5%), and anencephaly (18.2%), while the most prevalent maternal causes of abortion were cardiovascular diseases (6.3%). Conclusion: Present study shows fetal abnormalities are increasing, and it seems that educating people and increasing their awareness about fetal anomalies and also contraception in women with cardiovascular diseases could be an effective way to decrease the rate of abortion.

[Sakineh Dadipoor,Ali Safari Moradabadi1,Fatemeh Esmaeelion, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari, Azin Alavi, Sakineh Fallahi, Zahra Zangnh. Prevalence of legal abortions and correlated causes in a central women’s hospital in south of Iran (2009-2012). Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):91-94]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.16

 

Key Words: abortion, legal abortion, Iran

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Investigating Outcomes of Performing Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Occasions from April 2008 to March 2009

Hamid Reza Miri1, Ahmad Haghiri Dehbarez1*, Seied Ali reza hoseinie kolibi1, hamid nasiri1, Ehsan Movahed2

1.Trauma & emergency medicine research center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran.
2.Master of Health Education, Jiroft University of medical sciences, Manojan, Iran.


Abstract: One of the most stressful Emergency Medical Services (EMS) missions is facing with patients or injured people who are afflicted with pulmonary or cardiac arrest and if they don’t receive appropriate cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), these patients within a few minutes from the brain dead, enter to a stage which is called clinical death. Statistics show that of all people who suffer from cardiac arrest outside of the hospital, only 25% of them go under cardio pulmonary resuscitation and naturally those areas, which have strong emergency systems had reported a significantly higher survival rate in comparison with other regions. Hence by taking the importance of this issue into account, a research aiming to determine the ultimate success of CPR during Emergency Medical Services in Bandar abbas was done.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study 96 patients who were gone under CPR by Emergency services in Bandar abass from April 2008 to December 2009 were studied. Data including age, sex, hospital arrival time, the first rhythm checked by the medical emergency personnel, tubing, the need to recover different types of trauma, and the final state of CPR recovered which in all cases were extracted based on pre-hospital care report( 115 emergency) form.Results: 78.1% of the subjects were male and the rest were females. The average age of these people was 44.976/23±. Of all cases who went under CPR about 80.2% of cases were inner-city missions and the rest were suburban emergency missions. In this study the main complaints of the patients who experienced CPR include 10.4% dyspnea, 10.4% decrease in the level of consciousness, 51% respiratory cardiac arrest, 15.6% Accident, 4.1% drug intoxication, 2.1% Falling from a height, 3.1%, electric shock, and 1 % includes fall, was a stab and bite. 21.9% of patients were under cardiac monitoring or ECG and for 13.5% of patients electric shock was applied. Discussion: In this study, of all the total CPR patients about 13.3% of these patients with spontaneous return of vital signs, and 29.2 % Without return of vital signs were delivered to hospitals in Bandar Abbas and 39.6% of patients had died on the way before reaching the hospital. of all those people who were sent to hospital with the vital signs 5.2% were discharged from hospital with the minimal injury and brain injury. There weren’t significant relationships between a successful CPR during EMS conditions and variables such as age, use of electric shocks, ambulance arrival time to the patient, the qualification and degrees of personnel and quality of cardiac monitoring (0.05 ≤ p). A significant relationship was found between successful resuscitation during EMS and the main complaints (P ≤ 0/05). Conclusions: In this study, in general it can be concluded that patients who experienced CPR had poor prognosis. Hence it is appropriate to focus on raising knowledge and skills regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation through various programs and we notice an increase in the rate success in the performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
[Hamid Reza Miri, Ahmad Haghiri Dehbarez, Seied Ali reza hoseinie kolibi, hamid nasiri, Ehsan Movahed. Investigating Outcomes of Performing Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Occasions from April 2008 to March 2009. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):95-102]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.17

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Genetic Variability Studies Of Some Quantitative Traits In Advancemutant Lines Of Winter Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)

 

1Bashir Ahmad, 1Sher Muhammad, 2*Javid Ali, 3Iftikhar Ali

 

1Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

2PCSIR Laboratories Complex Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

3Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

Javedali_14@yahoo.com, phone# +92-091-9216244, Fax+92-091-9216232

 

ABSTRACT: Information about the genetic variability and the extent and type of relationship of some quantitative characters in rapeseed is important for an efficient breeding program. Thirty five advance brassica mutant lines and one check were evaluated for genetic variability between days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield (kg ha-1) and oil yield (kg ha-1) during 2008-09. The mutant lines and the check were sown in four replications using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The research experiment was conducted during 2008-09 at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Peshawar. High genetic variability were recorded for oil yield, seed yield and number of days to flowering which demonstrated the effect of environment for the inheritance of these characters. Heritability and genetic advance were recorded high for oil yield and seed yield showing the existence of additive gene action for the expression of these traits. In order to increase oil yield selection based on seed yield would be more effective. More over all the traits showed sufficient variability in the tested mutant lines however, the mutant lines OA5, G1 and O6 were superior having high seed yield, oil yield and 1000 seed weight and also early in flowering.

[Bashir Ahmad, Sher Muhammad, Javid Ali, Iftikhar Ali. Genetic Variability Studies Of Some Quantitative Traits In Advancemutant Lines Of Winter Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L). Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):103-108]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.18

 

Key words: Brassica napus L., phenotypic variance, genotypic variance, seed yield, oil yield, plant height.

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The Relation of Nurses’ Workload and Working environment conditions with Safety of Patients Hospitalized in Wards of Tohid and Be’sat Medical Centers of Sanandaj in 2013

 

Nasrin Aliramaei1*, Azam Naderi2, Kian Zobeiry3, Fardin Gharibi4, Fariba Farhadifar5

 

1*Lecturer- Nursing and Midwifery Faculty- MSc(Member of Scientific Board of Faculty Nursing and Midwifery) Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran.

2MSc (Member of Scientific Board of Faculty Nursing and Midwifery) KurdistanUniversity of Medical Science. Sanandaj, Iran.

3Medical Student.Iran University of. Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

4MsPH Health Management. Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

5Associate Professor of Department of OB & GYN, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (SDHR-MUK), Sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: n_aliramaei@yahoo.com.

 

Abstract: Security and safety are an important part of nursery care and they bring about responsibility for everyone involved with the task of health care. Different studies have showed that most mistakes about patients have been made by nurses, which is mainly due to heavy workloads, fatigue, occupational stress, insufficient number of nurses relative to number of patients, shortage of time due to number of assigned patients to them, and so on. Therefore, pinpointing consequences of nurses’ heavy workloads and working environment conditions and their effect on safety of patients hospitalized in different wards is critically important. Method: The study is a descriptive-analytical research. The subjects consisted of 200 nurses working in the wards of Tohid and Be’sat Medical Centers. A simple random method was employed to select the sample. They were required to fill in a questionnaire. Then, after the questionnaire was coded, the collected data were fed into SPSS 18.0 software and descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, variance, standard deviation) and one-side variance analysis test were utilized to analyze them. Results: The results of the study showed that 85%of the patients were female and 72% were married. Regarding their age, 49% aged 21-30, 30% aged 31-40, and 21% were over 41 years old. Regarding their work experience, 53.5% had been working for less than 6 years, 20% had worked for 7 years, and 17.5% had been serving for 13 years or more. Sufficiency of number of nurses in each shift was 59%. Regarding team coordination between the manager and the nurses, appropriate communication was 14.1%. And suitable facilities in workplace and training section were 27.5%. Regarding prescription delivery and care, there was the highest mistake frequency of 67.5% and 56.5%, respectively. Generally, only 14.5% of the nurses stated that they had not made mistakes in their services and 58% of them had made at least four mistakes. There was no significant difference between mean of mistakes in different workloads and number of mistakes made by nursery personnel with working environment conditions. Discussion: Researchers believe that nurses’ workload is the result of nursery standards, the nurses’ experience and specialty, the institution’s policies and procedures, available equipment, and other individuals’ healthcare activities. Regarding prescription delivery and healthcare, there was respectively 67.5% and 56.5% mistake frequencies. And only 14.5% of the nurses had made no mistakes in conducting nursery service. In Harding and Patrick’s study, medicine mistakes were related to lack of experience in prescription delivery 42% and heavy workloads and lack of attention 27%. In Nikpeyma’s study, 53% of the participants were reported to make at least one medicine mistake. Absorni reported that nurses refused to report their medicine mistakes due to shame, feeling of guilty, and fear of being punished and fired. In our study, there was no significant relation between number of mistakes and workloads. Moreover, the correlation between mean number of nurses’ mistakes and working environment conditions was insignificant at P=0/7. The patients’ health is necessary in improving nursery care quality, and all nurses are fully responsible for maintaining the patients’ safety in all aspects of healthcare including informing them and their co-workers about probable dangers and the way of tackling them, protecting the patients’ safety, and reporting irrelevant events to an authority.

[Nsrin Aliramaei, Azam Naderi, Kian Zobeiry, Fardin Gharibi, Fariba Farhadifar. The Relation of Nurses’ Workload and Working environment conditions with Safety of Patients Hospitalized in Wards of Tohid and Be’sat Medical Centers of Sanandaj in 2013. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):109-116].(ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.19

 

Keywords: workload; working environment conditions; nurses; patients’ safety

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Molecular epidemiology of the Staphylococcus aureus by Rep-PCR method in Sanandaj hospitals

 

Rashid Ramazanzadeh1, HanarNarenji*2

 

1Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

2*Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: hanar.narenji89@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureusis a major pathogen within hospital and community. The aim of this study was genetic relationship determination in isolates bacteria and dynamic transmission in hospital. Eighty eight S. aureusstrains isolated from different clinical samples and were characterized by Repetitive extragenic palindromic (Rep–PCR) technique. The received results and the similarity between the strains were determined on the basis of the Jaccard similarity coefficient in the SAHN program of the NTSYS-pc software. The Rep–PCR profile allowed the typing of the 88 isolates into 7 main clusters. In conclusion, our results showed more diversity in S.aureus isolates that indicates the low rate of hospital infection in Sanandaj hospitals and the results of the share pattern of especially among ICU, Pediateric and Internal wardsindicate the exist of nosocomial infections in these wards, According to the study that we carried out the greatest resistance was observed to erythromycinAnd for all drives vancomycin-resistant, MIC of vancomycin using E-test strips were placed by all who are sensitive, so that the Disc Diffusions are not reliable at all.

[Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Hanar Narenji. Molecular epidemiology of the Staphylococcus aureus by Rep-PCR method in Sanandaj hospitals. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):117-121]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.20

 

Keywords: S. aureus, genetic diversity, Rep -PCR fingerprinting, MIC, E-test

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Surveillance of Adverse Drug Reaction in Hospitalized Children, A Cross Sectional Study from Qom Province, Iran

 

Mohsen Akhavan Sepahi1, Zahra Movahedi2, Hosein Heydari2, Mahyar Shirkhodai3, Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi2*

 

1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qom, Iran

2Department of Pediatric infectious disease, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qom, Iran

3Department of medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

*Corresponding Author: shokrollahi.mohammadreza@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Prevalence of drug reactions in childhood is rising. This study was performed in hospitalized children. The main goal of this study was determination of drug reactions prevalence in childhood, evaluation of drug type, identify risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and also onset time of reaction. Materials and methods: This study was performed as descriptive cross-sectional survey among 180 children hospitalized children in Qom Children Hospital from January 2005 to October 2010. The data were extracted from medical files. Results: The prevalence of adverse reaction to penicillin, cephalosporin, other antibiotics, corticosteroids, metoclopramide, anticonvulsants were16.7%, 11.1%, 16.1%, 1.1%, 21.7%, 10.6% respectively. 6.1% of them had unknown origin, and prevalence of adverse reaction against other drugs was 16.7%. Type of drug reaction was related with age and reaction time (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, according to the results in comparison to other studies, it may be concluded that drug reactions are common among childhood and there is a need for planning to reduction of its frequency. For diminishing the risk of ADRs in children, close communication between clinicians and pharmacologist and knowledge about higher ADR risks in some drug groups is needed.

[Mohsen Akhavan Sepahi, Zahra Movahedi, Hosein Heydari, Mahyar Shirkhodai, Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi, Surveillance of Adverse Drug Reaction in Hospitalized Children, A Cross Sectional Study from Qom Province, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s): 122-125]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.21

 

Keywords: Drug, Adverse effects, Children

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Identification and Ranking of Effective Factors on Customers Brand Selection (Shahrvand Chain Stores)

 

Seyed Yahya Alavidehkordi

 

PhD of Business Administration Marketing, Florida International University, Florida

yahyaalavi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper is regarded as an applied research in terms of objective and a descriptive survey research in terms of data collection. To collect data, a questionnaire with closed questions rated by 5-item Likert scale from very high to very low, was applied. Data has been analyzed by using SPSS software. Place territory of this paper is all Shahrvand chain stores in Tehran. Time territory is the end of the fiscal year 2012. The statistical universe comprises all customers of Shahrvand stores in the last week of 12th month of fiscal year 2012 nearly estimated as 86.000 persons. Through using Morgan table, sample number was estimated 384. To increase accuracy of the gathered data and validity of the findings, the researcher-made test contains 24 closed-ended questions whose formal and content validity have been approved by experts. The test reliability was obtained 0.91 by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To gain the results of sample appropriateness tests (Bartlett Test), Pearson correlation coefficient, factor analysis based on VPLS software, and Friedman ranking test have been applied. The main result of this paper indicates that there is a direct significant relation between customer brand selection and independent variables including brand equity brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. Also these variables are ranked as brand equity, brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand association, and perceived quality.

[Seyed Yahya Alavidehkordi. Identification and Ranking of Effective Factors on Customers Brand Selection (Shahrvand Chain Stores). Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):126-130]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.22

 

Keywords: Product brand, brand selection, brand loyalty, brand awareness

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Formation of future teachers' professional skills during the period of pedagogical practice

 

1Zhadyra Kerimbajevna Ermekova, 2Nina Mikhailovna Stukalenko, 2Zhanija Serikbajevna Tasbulatova

2Assel Kairatovna Kalymova, 2Gulmira Kakimovna Kainikenova and 2Dana Utebajevna Kulmаkhanova

 

1L.Gumilev Eurasion National University, Munaitpasova Street, 5, 010008, Astana, Kazakhstan

2Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Abaya Street, 76, 020000, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The authors of this article presented the result of the conducted research on formation of future teacher’s professional skills during pedagogical practice. During the research work we studied the problem condition of formation of future teacher’s professional skills during pedagogical practice, scientifically proved and experimentally checked conditions of effective realization of studied process, worked out and tested the special elective course for students of pedagogical specialties.

[Ermekova Zh. K., Stukalenko N.M., Tasbulatova Zh.S., Kalymova A.K., Kainikenova G.K., Kulmаkhanova D.U. Formation of future teachers' professional skills during the period of pedagogical practice. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):131-133] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.23

 

Keywords: professional training of the teacher, pedagogical practice, preparedness of the teacher for pedagogical activity.

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Studying the Machines for Road Maintenance

 

Mikhail Vasilievich Doudkin, Sergey Nikolaevich Fadeyev and Sergey Yurievich Pichugin

 

D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Protozanova st., 69, 070004, Kazakhstan

london_690@mail.ru

 

Abstract: Removing ice and snow from highways and walkways in the Northern Hemisphere is a major budget item for States, Provinces and municipalities during winter months. Many countries in the world experience winter weather of sufficient severity to create hazardous situations. Freezing rains and compacted snow often accumulate on roads and sidewalks creating dangerous and sometimes even fatal conditions for automobile and pedestrian traffic. Just look at the record of emergency units for statistics of broken legs and arms during winter period. Now the machines with the working element like a blade and hand impact tools are used for chipping snow-ice formations from the road and sidewalk surfaces. And the machines can easily damage the road surface with the blade, besides, they are large-dimensioned. Hand impact tools demand the direct human physical force and low are not effective because of poor efficiency. The design of this machine will allow to prevent dangerous situations on the roads during icing and not damage the road surface.

[Doudkin M.V., Fadeyev S.N., Pichugin S.Y. Studying the Machines for Road Maintenance. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):134-138] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.24

 

Keywords: ice, road, chipping, hammers, working element.

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About Preparation of Future Teachers for Application of Innovative Study Technologies

 

1Nina Mikhailovna Stukalenko, 1Olga Alexandrovna Anishchenko, 1Gulnar Bajanovna Turtkarajeva, 1Aisulu Alkeshevna Shajakhmetova and 2Zhadyra Kerimbajevna Ermekova

 

1Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Abaya Street, 76, 020000, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan

2L.Gumilev Eurasion National University, Munaitpasova Street, 5, 010008, Astana, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The authors of this article presented the result of the conducted research on the training of future teachers to use of innovative technologies in school process. During the research work were summarized the concept of "innovative pedagogical technology", studied theoretical and practical aspects of training future teachers to the use of innovative pedagogical technologies, worked out the model of preparedness of teachers to innovative pedagogical activities, worked out and tested elective course "Foundations of Modern Pedagogical Technologies" for students in pedagogical specialties.

[Stukalenko N.M., Anishchenko O.A., Turtkarajeva G.B., Shajakhmetova A.A., Ermekova Zh.K. About Preparation of Future Teachers for Application of Innovative Study Technologies. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):139-141] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.25

 

Keywords: pedagogical education, pedagogical innovations, study technologies.

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The New Control Method of the Research Robust Stability for Linear System

 

Mamyrbek Aukebaevich Beisenbi, Janar Jarasovna Yermekbayeva and Arman Mamyrbekuly Beisenbin

 

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan Street, 2, 010008, Astana, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The stability of control systems where the controlled object possesses dynamics is highlighted in present. For a linear system affected by parametric uncertainty, this paper focuses on robust stability analysis of system with Lyapunov functions. We construct the Lyapunov function for linear system, and then apply geometric interpretation to discover the region of stability. This paper presents some theoretical fundamental results assisting in analyzing of the behavior of control systems, depending on parameter uncertainty. The obtained results are robust stability type since the robust stability is guaranteed under certain deviations from the current state.

[Beisenbi M.A., Yermekbayeva J.J., Beisenbin A.M. The New Control Method of the Research Robust Stability for Linear System. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):142-148] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.26

 

Keywords: Stability, Linear systems, Robust control, Control theory, Geometrical interpretation, Lyapunov function.

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Role of psychological disciplines in preparation of students of the pedagogical higher education institution for professional activity

 

A.J. Aplashova, K.G. Isinbayeva, N.A. Bisembayeva, G.S. Ayapbergenova

 

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Toraygyrov St. 113-30, 140006, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

SakenovDZh@ppi.kz

 

Abstract: In this article questions of preparation of students of pedagogical higher education institution to professional activity in the course of studying of psychological disciplines are considered. The model of formation of readiness of students of the pedagogical higher education institution to professional activity when studying psychological disciplines and pedagogical conditions of its effective realization in modern conditions of training of specialists in pedagogical higher education institution is described. Preparation of students of the pedagogical higher education institution for the professional activity in the course of studying of psychological disciplines assumes: possession of professional activity in the field of education, ability to project the professional development; to project and organize educational and educational process in the educational organization; it is rational to use psychological, pedagogical and information technologies.

[Aplashova A.J, Isinbayeva K.G., Bisembayeva N.A., Ayapbergenova G.S. Role of psychological disciplines in preparation of students of the pedagogical higher education institution for professional activity. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):149-153] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.27

 

Keywords: preparation of students, model of formation of a preparation of students of pedagogical higher education institution for professional activity when studying psychological disciplines.

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Vocational Training of Future Teacher in Higher Education Institution

 

A.Sh. Tleulesova, B.M. Zhaparova, A.H. Halelova, J.J. Sergazina and D. Zh. Sakenov

 

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Toraygyrov St. 113-30, 140006, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

sakenov0613@mail.ru

 

Abstract: On the basis of the theoretical analysis of philosophical and psychological-pedagogical literature the content of concept of effective vocational training of future teacher in higher education institution is opened. Organizational and pedagogical conditions of effective vocational training of future teacher in higher education institution are revealed. Organizational and pedagogical conditions of effective vocational training of future teacher in higher education institution are realized. Criteria of productivity of technology of effective vocational training of future teacher in higher education institution are defined.

[Tleulesova A.Sh., Zhaparova B.M., Halelova A.H, Sergazina J.J., Sakenov D. Zh. Vocational training of future teacher in higher education institution. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):154-157] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.28

 

Keywords: r Vocational training, future teacher.

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 Interrelation of Tolerance Formation and Social Experience

 

Tatiana Leonidovna Shaposhnikova, Marina Leonidovna Romanova, Tatyana Pavlovna Hlopova, Natalia Aleksandrovna Tarasenko

 

FGBOU VPO "Kuban State Technological University", Moskovskaya Street 2, 350072, Krasnodar, Russia

mobileaia2013@yandex.ru

 

Abstract: This study is aimed to find interrelation between tolerance formation and social experience of students. It is known that the key result of upbringing as a function of the education system is learned by a person social experience needed for living in a society - individual synthesis of memorized feelings and emotional experiences; knowledge, skills, techniques; ways of communication, thinking and activities, internalized axiological orientations and social mindsets. Components of social experience are: knowledge and skills, axiological orientations, activities which are implemented by a person when exploring elements of external environment and interacting with them. However the relationship between formation of individual social experience and tolerance has not been defined to a full extent yet. This hinders study of factors of formation of a student's personality in continuous educational space.

[Shaposhnikova T.L., Romanova M.L., Hlopova T.P. Tarasenko N.A. Interrelation of tolerance formation and social experience. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):158-162] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.29

 

Keywords: student, educational process, personal and professional development, individual social experience, tolerance, interrelationship.

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Formation of Communicative Competence of Future Doctors in the Process of Foreign Language Teaching in the Condition of Information

 

Zharylkasyn Kerimbekovich Onalbek, Dilara Zhuasbekovna Ernazarova, Ikilas Syindikovich Moldaliev, Aiman Kalyshbaevna Risbekova, Usenbek Rahmetovich Rahmet, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova

 

Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B. Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkistan, Kazakhstan. mail.dilya@mail.ru

 

Abstract: Current trends of modernization of educational programs demand introduction of modern methods of training. The increasing introduction of new information technologies in educational process of A.Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University promotes increasing of efficiency of formation informative and communicative competence of future doctors in teaching foreign languages. One of the actual problems of training of specialists of the international level is development of methods of formation of information and communicative competence of future doctors. Additionally the authors consider that training by means of communicative techniques and methods will be more effective if it includes practical experience and feedback as well as theoretical material. The article also shows the results of the experiment carried out on the basis of the university which confirms the statement on efficiency of using competence-based approach in learning foreign languages.

[Onalbek Zh.K., Ernazarova D.Zh., Moldaliev I.S., Risbekova A.K., Rahmet U.R., Bimaganbetova A.K. Formation of Communicative Competence of Future Doctors in the Process of Foreign Language Teaching in the Condition of Information. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):163-166]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.30

 

Keywords: information and communicative competence, model of future doctors, learning of foreign language.

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Iran's Entry into the Global Market for Higher Education

 

Arsalan Zare

 

PhD Student of Economics and Management, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe

arsalan_zare@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper aims at investigating the effects of increase in scientific quality of Iranian universities and academic, welfare, and economic facilities on the convergence and entry of Islamic Republic of Iran into knowledge services market(services of the world higher education). This paper investigates the relation of internationalizing the curriculum, absorbing foreign students, developing English language in the universities, sending students to abroad, increasing scientific and technical level of universities, and allocating budget for internationalizing universities with establishment and promotion of the global higher education market as the dependent variables. The present paper is an applied research in terms of objective, and a field study in terms of data analysis. It is a library research in terms of data collection and a correlative research in terms of method. Through t-student tests, the main results of this paper approve the main hypothesis indicating Iranian universities can absorb more foreign students by increasing scientific quality and academic, welfare, and economic facilities. Also based on the structural modeling results, subordinate hypotheses indicate there is a significant relation among internationalizing the curriculum of Iranian universities (0.08), absorbing foreign students (0.150), allocating budget for internationalizing universities (0.271), sending student to abroad (0.346), increasing scientific and technical level of universities (0.274), allocating state budget and increasing academic facilities (0.203), and entry of Islamic Republic of Iran into knowledge services market (higher education services). Also the effect of the above mentioned variables on convergence and entry of Islamic Republic of Iran into knowledge services market (the global higher education services) in short- and long-term is remarkable (the model determination coefficient equals 0.501).

[Arsalan Zare. Iran's Entry into the GlobalMarket for Higher Education. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):167-172]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.31

 

Key words: Higher education, transnational education, higher education services.

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Genetic variations of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens at Jaizan hospital in Saudi Arabia

 

Salha H.M. Al-Zahrani*, Nariman A.H. Aly and Nourah H. Al-Zahrani

 

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

Corresponding author: shaalzahrani@kau.edu.sa

 

ABSTRACT: Among 65 Staphylococcus sp. strains isolated from clinical specimens, ten were confirmed to be Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns revealed that isolates were resistant to methicillin and oxacillin from 75 to 90%. Genetic variation among the ten candidates displayed total of 32 RAPD fragments, 24 of which were polymorphic. The mean polymorphic percentage was 75%, whereas the percentage of primer 1 was higher with 83.33% followed by primer 2 (75%). However, primer 3 displayed lower percentage with 55.56%. Genetic similarity showed high similarity of isolate 8 with 10 (88%) followed by isolates 5 and 7 (86%). Isolates 2 and 4 showed the lowest with 35%. UPGMA dendrogram revealed two main clusters, the first included two isolates 3 and 4 with bootstrap (68.4). The second divided the residual 8 isolates into two sub-clusters.

[Salha H.M. Al-Zahrani, Nariman A.H. Aly and Nourah H. Al-Zahrani. Genetic variations of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens at Jaizan hospital in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):173-178]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.32

 

key words: Staphylococcus aureus isolates, RAPD analysis, patient, clinical specimens.

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Optical Wired/Wireless Communication Using Soliton Optical Tweezers

 

S. E. Alavi 1, I. S. Amiri 2, S. M. Idrus 1, J. Ali 2

 

 1 Lightwave Communication Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

2 Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

 

Abstract: The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical quantum signal processing system in order to transmit quantum photon via an optical communication link. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Transportation of molecules or photons is implemented when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. The input Gaussian soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Output nano optical tweezers can be connected to the quantum signal processing system consisting of a receiver and transmitter. The receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers and transmit them via wired/wireless as quantum bits. The transmitter will generate the entangled photon pair which propagates via an optical communication link. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.2 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.

[S. E. Alavi, I. S. Amiri, S. M. Idrus, J. Ali. Optical Wired/Wireless Communication Using Soliton Optical Tweezers. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):179-187]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.33

 

Keywords: Half-Panda, Nano optical tweezers, quantum entangled photon.

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Entrepreneurship Training in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Small and Cottage Industries Training Institute

 

Mohammad Tahlil Azim

 

Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah -21589, Saudi Arabia, tahlilazim@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper attempts to evaluate the entrepreneurship development training program of Small and Cottage Industries Training Institute (SCITI) of Bangladesh in terms of its content, design, approaches of delivery and effectiveness. This is a qualitative study based on data collected through internet, direct interview with the Principal and faculty members of SCITI, and telephone interview with the trainees participated in the training within one year of the study period. It follows the second tire i.e. Pre and post course/program of evaluation framework developed by Jack and Anderson (1998). It also emphases on the inputs of the program like program design, contents, approaches of delivery, and characteristics of the facilitators as highlighted by Hytti et al. (2002). Given the shorter duration, the entrepreneurship development program of SCITI can be considered a rich initiative in terms of its contents and approaches. The extensive use of various activities, games and exercises facilitates active involvement of the learners. However, the program should put more emphasis on the development of creativity among the participants and some of the most important entrepreneurial traits like need for achievement, internal locus of control and risk taking propensity should be dealt with more rigorously in the program.

[Azim, MT. Entrepreneurship Training in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Small and Cottage Industries Training Institute. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):188-201] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.34

 

Key Words: Entrepreneurship, Training, Small Business, Bangladesh.

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Comparing the Effects of “Hands-on” and “Hands-off” Educational Techniques on Exclusive Breastfeeding among Primiparous Mothers

 

Roya Baghany1, Seddigheh Azhari2, Farideh Akhlaghi3, Yaser Tabaraei4, Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi5*

 

1Midwifery M.Sc., Scientific Board of Sabzehvar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzehvar, Iran.

2Midwifery M.Sc., Scientific Board of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3Obstetrician and Gynecologist and Scientific Board of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran

4MS in Biostatistics, Public health School-Health School-Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Sabzevar, Iran

5*Department of Pediatric infectious disease, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qom, Iran

*Corresponding Author: shokrollahi.mohammadreza@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding is undoubtedly significant in the mother’s health and liveliness and the infant’s growth and development. Considering the important role of good training in promoting mothers’ awareness and, as a result, increasing exclusive breastfeeding; and taking adult learning principles into account, the current study was conducted in order to compare and contrast the effective of hands-on and -off educational techniques on exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers. Method: The present study is a single-blind experimental one where 124 primiparous mothers were selected simply sampling and randomly divided into three groups. During the first two hours after childbirth, mothers in the two experimental groups were trained how to correctly hold their infants near their breast and breastfeed them through hands-off method by displaying pictures and hands-on method by individual consulting by the researchers. Participants in the control group received usual care in the ward. Participants were observed and tested during the first, fourth, and eighth weeks after the childbirth. Data collecting was carried out through interview forms, examination and observation, breastfeeding status list, and exclusive feeding forms. Collected data were analyzed through chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and independent t-test using SPSS 11.5. Significance level was assigned at 0.05 and the study power was 80%.Results:During the first, fourth, and eighth weeks, the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding was respectively 71.4%, 61.9%, and 47.6% in hands-off group, 47.6%, 26.2%, and 9.5% in hands-on group, and 32%, 22.5%, and 15% in usual group, which proved a significant difference regarding the three groups’ observation during those three periods (P=0.000).Conclusion and Discussion:Hands-off technique was associated with an increase in exclusive breastfeeding during the first 8 weeks after childbirth.

[ Roya Baghany, Seddigheh Azhari, Farideh Akhlaghi, Yaser Tabaraei, Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi. Comparing the Effects of “Hands-on” and “Hands-off” Educational Techniques on Exclusive Breastfeeding among Primiparous Mothers. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s): 202-207](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.35

 

Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding; hands-on technique; hands-off technique

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The Frequency and Etiology of Exchange Transfusion among Hospitalized Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia in Qom, Iran from 2001 to 2011

 

Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi, Hosein Heydari, Leila Nasehi, Zahra Movahedi*

 

1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qom, Iran

*Corresponding author: movahedizahra@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Jaundice is a common neonatal disease caused by the limited ability of a newborn to metabolize indirect bilirubin, culminating in hyperbilirubinemia. This in turn may predispose the newborn to kernicterus and other complication if not managed promptly. One of the most common management is exchange transfusion. This study aims to determine the frequency and etiology of exchange transfusion performed for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Qom, Iran. Material & Methods: In this cross sectional study, the researcher reviewed medical records of 144 newborns who underwent exchange transfusion at Children Hospital in Qom, Iran, from 2001 to 2011. Birth weight, sex, the weight before admission, serum bilirubin on admission and during exchange transfusion, gestational age, blood group and Rh of mother and newborn, complete blood count, total and direct serum bilirubin, direct Coomb’s test, reticulocyte count, TSH, and G6PD activity were determined. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 11.5). Results: Results showed exchange transfusion was performed due to ABO incompatibility (36.5%), Rh incompatibility (14.5%), G6PD deficiency (5%), G6PD deficiency and ABO incompatibility (4%), and other reasons (40%). The mean bilirubin level at admission was 27.3 mg/dl and mean bilirubin level during exchange transfusion was 26 mg/dl. The mean level of serum bilirubin was 27.3 mg/dl on admission and 26 mg/dl during exchange transfusion. Symptoms of kernicterus appeared in 10 newborns, out of whom 5 (50%) were due to ABO incompatibility, 1 due to Rh incompatibility (10%), 1 due to Rh incompatibility (10%), and 3 (30%) for other reasons. Conclusion: Early detection of ABO and Rh incompatibility and G6PD deficiency in the affected newborns may be important for reducing the risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia, kernicterus, and the need for exchange transfusion.

[ Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi, Hosein Heydari, Leila Nasehi, Zahra Movahedi. The Frequency and Etiology of Exchange Transfusion among Hospitalized Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia in Qom, Iran from 2001 to 2011. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):208-211]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.36

 

Key Words: Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonate, Exchange Transfusion, Kernicterus.

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Evaluation of E-cadherin (CDH1) Gene Polymorphism Related To Gastric Cancer In Kurdish Population

 

Mohammad Nazir Menbari1, Seyed Ali Rahmani1, Abbas Ahmadi2, Farid Zandi3, Nader Bagheri4, Akbar Jalili1, Neda Menbari6, Alireza Gharib7, Ali Jalili2,5*

 

1Department of Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University- Ahar- Iran

2Kurdistan Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

3Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Soran University, Kurdistan region-Iraq

4Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

6Department of Veterinary, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

7Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding author: ali130@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection induces inflammation in gastric mucosa that may progress to gastric cancer that causes of much mortality. This cancer is a multistage process involved changes in environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Polymorphism in promoter of CDH1 gene is associated with reduced E-cadherin protein expression. Gastric cancer is associated with multiple changes nucleotides in CDH1 gene. Aimed: We were evaluating -160 (C>A) CDH1 gene polymorphism associations with gastric cancer in Kurdish population. Methods: A total of 306 biopsies taken from corpus of 144 gastric cancer patients and 162 nonulcer dyspepsia patients were classified as H.pylori-infected and H.pylori-uninfected. All diagnoses confirmed pathologically and molecularly. Polymorphism in -160(C>A) CDH1 was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Results: Polymorphism of -160 (C>A) CDH1 in H.pylori-uninfected and H.pylori-infected groups were not associated with gastric cancer (p > 0.05). Also there was not relationship between -160(C>A) CDH1 genotypes and H.pylori infection susceptibility (p > 0.05). We found significant relationship between CC genotype and survival time among gastric cancer patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion: -160(C>A) CDH1 polymorphism may regardless of presence or absence of H.pylori, don’t influences gastric cancer sensibility in Kurdish population. In other hand CC genotype, as a good trait, increases period of life for Kurdish cancer patients.

.[ Mohammad Nazir Menbari, Seyed Ali Rahmani, Abbas Ahmadi, Farid Zandi, Nader Bagheri, Akbar Jalili, Neda Menbari, Alireza Gharib, Ali Jalili. Evaluation of E-cadherin (CDH1) Gene Polymorphism Related To Gastric Cancer In Kurdish Population. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s): 212-216].(ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.37

 

Keywords: E-cadherin, Kurdish population, polymorphism, Helicobacter pylori, CDH1gene

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Assessment Of Variation In Soil Parameters, For Design Of Lightly Loaded Structural Foundations

 

Muhammad Usman Arshid 1, Faisal Shabbir 1, Jawad Hussain 1, Ayub Elahi 1, Afaq Ahmed 1, Imran Khan Tahir 2

 

1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan.

2Assistant Manager, Telenor Pakistan Pvt. Ltd.

 

ABSTRACT: Assessment of variation in soil parameter is required to proceed for structural design of foundations. This study aims to develop the zoning of the project area on the bases of extensive experimental work in laboratory and field tests performed at the number of locations of the project area. The zones are developed based on similar characteristics of different soil parameters. The data points have been marked on the base map of the study area along with the boundaries of the zones. The experimental data of the study area has shown potential for development of three zones. The subsurface soils in zone A consist of low plastic fill material up to 2.0 m depth overlaying low plastic clay from 2.0 m to 4.0 m and low plastic clay/clayey silt beyond 4.0 m depth. Zone B consists of low plastic clay and clayey silt up to the depth of 4. meter overlaying clayey silt to silt with sand material from 4.0 m to 6 m depths and gravel with sand beyond 6.0 meter depth. In zone C, low plastic clay/clayey silt is found up to 2.0 m depth overlaying silty sand up to 4.0 m depth and gravel with sand beyond 4.0 m depth. Number of blows (N Value) of standard penetration test (SPT) for Zone A is less than 8, for Zone B, it ranges from 8-15 and for Zone C, N value is greater than 15. The resultant data can be helpful during planning stage of the project and during feasibility study of mega projects. The research work is extendable to develop the geotechnical zoning map of any specific area and it can be part of building code.

[Muhammad Usman Arshid, Faisal Shabbir, Jawad Hussain, Ayub Elahi, Afaq Ahmed, Imran Khan Tahir. Assessment Of Variation In Soil Parameters, For Design Of Lightly Loaded Structural Foundations. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):217-220]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.38

 

Keywords: Soil parameters, Geotechnical zoning, Structural design, Standard penetration tests

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Evaluation of Crohn's disease Activity: comparison of magnetic resonance enterography with conventional colonoscopy, laparotomy and biopsy

 

Rouhollah Abdi1*, Ramazan Jafari2, maryam barzin3, Hafez Fakheri4, Vahid Hosseini5, ghasem janbabai6

 

1* Department of Radiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari-Iran.

Radiologist, Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari-Iran Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini,

(Corresponding author, Email: sian_abdi@yahoo.com)

2, 3 Department of Radiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari-Iran.

4, 5 Department of gastroenterology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari-Iran.

6 Cancer research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari-Iran.

 

AbstractObjectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a noninvasive imaging tool in assessing Crohn’s disease activity because of its high soft tissue resolution, multi-planarity and lack of radiation. To evaluate this approach for patients with inflammatory bowel disease, we compared MRI with laparotomy, colonoscopy and biopsy to assess the presence and extent of ten sign of bowel inflammation and define a diagnostic criterion. Methods: 41 patients who were suffering from crohn's and had been under colonoscopy or laparotomy and biopsy, were studied with MR Enterography. The existence of 10 sign of Crohn's disease was assessed. Results: MRI with regard to the carried -out protocol of this study, led to the proper diagnosis of 19 cases out of the 21 cases of the active Crohn's disease confirmed by laparotomy or colonoscopy and biopsy. Generally, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were assessed 90.5% and 90% respectively (PPV=95%, NPV=81.8%). The symptoms related to mural involvement of small bowel including mural thickening, enhancement, edema, stratification, multi segmental involvement and comb sign were of high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: MRI has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing Crohn's disease activity and is an excellent imaging modality for assessment of Crohn's disease activity.

[Rouhollah Abdi, Ramazan Jafari, maryam barzin, Hafez Fakheri, Vahid Hosseini, ghasem janbabai. Evaluation of Crohn's disease Activity: comparison of magnetic resonance enterography with conventional colonoscopy, laparotomy and biopsy. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):221-228]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.39

 

Keywords: MR Enterography, Stratification, Comb sign, Crohn's disease, Activity

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Investment activities in its function as the factor of diversification of the economy of the Mangistau region

 

Mira Amirkhanovna Koshimova

 

Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Esenov, 32 Microregion, the city of Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The Government Program of Intensified Industrial and Innovative Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2010-2014 targets ensuring stable and balanced growth of the economy through diversification and improvement of its competitiveness, enhancement of social orientedness of the development of high priority economy sectors and the implementation of investment projects, provisioning of a favorable environment for industrialization, formation of economic growth centers based on economically reasonable territorial arrangement of economic potential, provisioning of efficient interaction of the government and the business in the course of development of the economic sectors of high priority. In this article, the author thoroughly analyzed the investment problems of a particular region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

[Koshimova M.A. Investment activities in its function as the factor of diversification of the economy of the Mangistau region. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):229-232] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.40

 

Keywords: Diversification, economic growth, first-priority sector, economic potential, monopolization, mineral reserve base, investment, inversion.

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Genesis of Hypertension in Obese Children Associated with the Insulin Resistance

 

Zhanar Zhenisovna Nurgaliyeva1, Lidiya Kikbaeyvna Khituova1, Pakytkanym Kabdukaevna Ishuova2, Gulshat Matayevna Kulniyazova3 and Svetlana Grigoriyevna Davydovich3

 

1Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D.Asfendiyarov

Тhe Republic of Kazakhstan, 050000, Almaty s., Tole-Bi Street 88

2Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children's Surgery

Тhe Republic of Kazakhstan, 050040, Almaty s., Al-Farabi Street 146

3TheWest Kazakhstan State Medical University named after Marat Ospanov

Тhe Republic of Kazakhstan,030012, Aktobe, Maresyev str. 68

 

Abstract: Obesity and the associated insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and a metabolic disorder, as a consequence of it, substantially contribute to the genesis of the hypertension. The influence of the insulin resistance in the 127 obese children with metabolic syndrome on the genesis of hemodynamic disorders, including the hypertension, was studied. In case of the complete metabolic syndrome the hypertension was observed in 73% of the children, at the same time in 63% of cases it was a sustained hypertension.

[Nurgaliyeva Zh.Zh., Khituova L.K., Ishuova P.K., Kulniyazova G.M., Davydovich S.G. Genesis of Hypertension in Obese Children Associated with the Insulin Resistance. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):233-236] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.41

 

Keywords: children, obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome.

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Customer Satisfaction in Apartment Buildings: The Case of Jordan

 

Ghaleb J. Sweis1 (Corresponding Author), Rana M. Imam 2, Ghaith M. Kassab 3, Rateb Sweis4

 

1- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

2- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

3- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

4- Department of Business Administration, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

E-mail: gsweis@ju.edu.jo

 

Abstract: Service quality is a critical element of customer loyalty. To ensure customer loyalty, firms must satisfy their customers with the products or services they provide. In recent years, the Jordanian housing industry has witnessed a rapid rise in the number of constructed residential apartment buildings. Hence, this paper focuses on apartments in Amman (the Jordanian capital) to identify, describe, and measure factors contributing to customer satisfaction with apartment housing. Four zones were chosen to incorporate significant variation in the apartments’ materials, finishes, amenities, and budgets into the data. We developed a survey to explore customer satisfaction with apartment housing in Amman. Residents in zone A were found to be the most satisfied with their apartments. In addition to identifying the zone which contained the most satisfied inhabitants, we identified variables that significantly affect residents’ satisfaction with their housing. Apartment building developers can utilize these results to attend to those features that apartment inhabitants value, thereby increasing their competitive advantage in the marketplace. Future research could replicate the adopted methodology on apartment residents in other countries.

[Sweis G, Imam R, Kassab G, Sweis R. Customer Satisfaction in Apartment Buildings: The Case of Jordan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):237-245] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.42

 

Keywords: Customer satisfaction; Apartment buildings; Housing; Construction.

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An Exploratory Study of Green IT Adoption Issues among SMEs

 

T. Ramayah 1, Khor Kuan Siew2, Noor Hazlina Ahmad 1, Hasliza Abdul Halim1, May-Chiun, Lo3

 

1. School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

2. Sunway University Business School, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

3. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Economics and Business, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia

ramayah@usm.my

 

Abstract: Green information technology (Green IT) involves systematic consumption of resources through the utilization of IT infrastructure during various stages of product lifecycle to reduce emissions intensity while conserving the wellness of environmental and human health. The focus of this paper is to explore the views and issues of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), who have already implemented Green IT practices, through the use of structured questionnaire. Ten respondents who held various positions in SMEs were interviewed to gauge some of the concerns and challenges experienced by respective companies when implementing Green IT. We elicited their responses on the extent to which they have implemented Green IT practices in their organizations, the experience and pressures that drive the implementation of greener business processes, and also how the implementation have benefited business from the perspective environmental performance. Suggestions on future extensions for those who wish to investigate this study from the context of SMEs are also presented.

[Ramayah, T, Khor, SK, Noor Hazlina, A, Hasliza, AH, May-Chiun, L. An Exploratory Study of Green IT Adoption Issues among SMEs. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):246-255] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com/. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.43

 

Keywords: Green IT; extent of implementation; experience; institutional pressure; environmental performance; SMEs

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The necessary factors in formation of new transportation systems in sustainable development condition

 

Agel Asadof

 

Department of Economics,Azerbaijani Academy of Sciences,National University of Baku

 

Abstract: Sustainable development derives from a holistic discipline that all of its aspects must be considered. Transportation as one of effective sectors on economy should develop aligned with other socio-economic sectors. Since a strong correlation exists between transportation efficiency and general efficiency of economy. In The process of socio-economic development in different countries a positive and direct correlation is between expansion of transportation and achievement to rate of economic growth. In other words, along with increase of GDP, value added rate of the transportation sector maximizes as well, that is why economic growth and development augment based on development of the transportation sector and transportation activities are known as fundamental activities for economic growth and change. The present paper is an attempt to review the existing literature in case studies of other countries in relation to modeling, establishment and development of new transportation system in condition of sustainable development. The mentioned case studies in the present study are presented with reliable resources. The main conclusion of the current research is determination of value added factors, employment, development of business and industry as necessary factors in formation of new transportation systems in the sustainable development condition. Therefore, for a quantitative understanding and making a scientific conclusion, some suggestions are offered in final section in order to explain scientific relationship between these three variables with new transportations systems in the sustainable development conditions.

[Agel Asadof. The necessary factors in formation of new transportation systems in sustainable development condition. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):256-261](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.44

 

Key words: sustainable development, economic development, indexes of sustainable development

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The effect of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on Diabetic Macular Edema

 

Naser Samadi Aidenloo, Qader Motarjemizadeh*

 

*Department of ophthalmology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

* Dr.mahyar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study was carried out to specify the effects of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) on diabetic macular edema, (DME) as the primary treatment of diabetic macular edema. In a quasi-experimental study, thirty eyes from thirty diabetic patients diagnosed with CSME were exposed to intravitreal bevacizumab in accordance with ETDRS standards. All patients were monitored for three months. In other words, they were evaluated within three stages: a day before the injection, 1.5 and 3 months after the injection. The examinations included visual acuity, intraocular pressure and the central macular thickness with OCT. The mean visual acuity of the patients was 0.307+- 0.1856 before the injection which improved to 0.577±0.2431 after 1.5 month and 0.417±0.2102 after three months. Having injected for three months, the average level of vision reduced remarkably in terms of statistics compared to its noticeable raise from the baseline. Before the injection, the macular central thickness was 340.6± 85.1099 whereas it reduced to 245.6±64.153 after 1.5 month off injection and 295.63±68.507 after 3 months. Macular central thickness grade increased remarkably after 3 months off the injection comparing to 1.5 month after the injection. But, it reduced noticeably compared to the baseline. This study suggests that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab significantly improved vision and decreased central macular thickness within 3 months after injection, and this treatment does not lead to any problems in the short term.

[Naser Samadi Aidenloo, Qader Motarjemizadeh. The effect of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on Diabetic Macular Edema. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):262-265](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.45

Keywords: diabetic macular edema, intravitreal injection, bevacizumab (Avastin)

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Scientific and Theoretical Analysis of the Issue of Teachers' Global Competence Formation

 

Kuldarkhan Onalbekovna Orazbayeva1, Ramazanovna Islamiya Khalitova1, Nazira Omarovna Atemkulova1, Albina Zhenisovna Anesova2

 

1Kazakh Abay State National Pedagogical University, Jambula street 25, 050010, Almaty, Kazakhstan

2Pavlodar State University named after S. Toraigyrov, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: Global education is based on the following concept: world information is of utter importance for human existence both in society and nature. Formation of the world view is connected with selection of factors in different spheres of knowledge, with cognition strategy, with processing of information and different mental processes such as exchange conditions. Here one of the components of the global education process is of key importance - formation of global thinking. Correct buildup of world view can support formation of global competence of teachers. Recently published book “Globalization Theory: Approaches and Controversies” edited by Held, D., McGrew A. points out only to existence of “modern theories and narratives of globalization, applied and normative" but does not mention their authors; it is a collection of articles of a number of scientists on specific issues born by globalization. Instead of theory there are many fragmentary notions of globalization; from research object it has turned into whole scientific area which is proved by recent publication of 1800-page "Encyclopedia of globalization” by R. Robertson and J. Scholte. And appearance of encyclopedias proves completely that the boundaries of theory are lost forever. That is why we can only share Taylor's opinion who in the middle of 90-s compared theories of globalization with appeared in the end of 18th century notion of internationalization and suggested that new term is able “to repeat the same chaotic way and come to the same hollow final as its 200-years old predecessor". In accordance with definition of R. Robertson made by him in 1985 globalization is a process of increasing influence of different factors of international significance on the social reality in separate countries. Robertson's definition in many sources is a key one because it covers different spheres: economic and political, informative and social and is the earliest and most complete definition of this notion.

[Orazbayeva K.O., Khalitova I.R., Atemkulova N.O., Zhenisovna A.A. Scientific and Theoretical Analysis of the Issue of Teachers' Global Competence Formation. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):266-270] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.46

 

Keywords: Globalization, global competence, teacher, problem of formation, competence, professional orientation, professional competence, knowledge, skills, techniques.

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Detection of CTX-Mβ-lactamase in Escherichia coli using Disk diffusion, combined disk, MIC and Multiplex PCR methods

 

Alireza Nourizadeh1, Majid Eslami2*, Amir Salek Farrokhi3, Soghra Fallahi4

 

1- M.SC of Applied Genetics, Research Center for Health Information Management, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2-M.SC of Medical Bacteriology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3-PhdStudent of Immunology, faculty of medical science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, iran.

4- Phd by Research student of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Tel: 09144078609; Email: majid.bac@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: β-lactamase enzymes are CTX-Menzymes that hydrolyze cephalotine and cefaloridine better than penicillin, and also preferentially hydrolyze cefotaxime over ceftazidime. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalenceof ESLB-producing E. coli, and molecular evaluation of CTX-Mβ-lactamases using Multiplex in E. colistrains. Materials and methods: A total of 200 E.coliisolates werecollected from clinical specimens and the antibiotic susceptibility of strains was determined using Disk Diffusion method. The production of ESBL enzymes was determined using Combined Disk,Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime with and without Clavulanic Acid. Also, MIC of Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime was determined with and without Clavulanic Acid using Agar Dilution method. Finally, the presence of CTX-Mgenes was detected by specific primers using Multiplex PCR method. Findings: The drug resistance of separated isolates was determined in relation to 14 anti- Antibiotics. In the Combined Disk method,increase in inhibition zone diameter by ≥ 5mm against ceftazidime and cefotaxime with and without Clavulanic Acid as ESBL producers were identified. There were 155 isolates (77.5%) in Combined Disk method as ESBL-producingE. coli.Amongthese ESLB-producing isolates, 66 ESBL samples contained MICCAZ= 16-32 (µg/ml), and 24 samples contained 64 to 512. Also, 48 samples contained MIC­CTX=4-8 and 97 samples contained 16 to 512 for CTX. 4/57% of these isolates in Multiplex PCR method were CTX-M-producers. Conclusion: The results show that the production of β-lactamase ESBL enzymes in the strains is high (77.5%), which is confirmed by Agar Dilution and Combined Disk methods. PCR method shows higher prevalence of CTX-Menzyme. Therefore, appropriate treatment is recommended in the country to prevent the spread of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains.

[Alireza Nourizadeh, Majid Eslami, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Soghra Fallahi. Detection of CTX-Mβ-lactamase in Escherichia coli using Disk diffusion, combined disk, MIC and Multiplex PCR methods. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):271-277]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.47

 

Keywords: E. coli, combined disk, CTX-M, ESBL, MIC, Multiplex PCR

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Detection of Amp-C type Producing Escherichia coliusing the Clavulanic acid and Boronic Acid Inhibitor and Multiplex PCR method

 

Majid Eslami1, Alireza Nourizadeh2*, Amir Salek Farrokhi3, Soghra Fallahi4

 

1- M.SC of Medical Bacteriology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

2- M.SC of Applied Genetics, Research Center for Health Information Management, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

3-Phd Student of Immunology, faculty of medical science, TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran.

4-Phd by Research student of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Tel: +98-9121835532; Email: Nourizadeh_a@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Amp-C β-lactamases which belong to Cephalosporins family, in comparison with benzyl penicillin, exhibit stronger activity against Cephalosporins like Cefoxitin, Cefotetan and oximino cephalosporin and hydrolyze them. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Amp-C producing E.coli and molecular evaluation of 6 sub-groups of respective enzymes among E.coli strains using Multiplex PCR method. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 clinical E.coli isolates were collected from clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Amp-C enzyme production was determined using Combined Disk. Subsequently, the Multiplex PCR approach with specific primers was employed to determine the presence of 6 sub-groups of blaAmp-C genes. Results: Patterns of resistance to 14 antibiotics for isolates was identified. In combined disk test, a ≤5mm increase in zone diameter of FOX tested in combination with Clavulanic acid and a ≤3mm increase in combination with Boronic acid and Clavulanic acid, was considered positive for Amp-C production. With combined disk method 118 strains (59%) were producing Amp-C enzyme. 26 strains with Boronic acid and 92 strains with both inhibitors were considered Amp-C phenotype, among 118 strains. Prevalence of Amp-C enzyme was 2.5% that 4 strains were CITM positive and 1 strain was both DHA and CITM positive. Conclusion: The results of phenotypic tests in this study indicate that Amp-C β-lactamase enzyme has high frequency (59%); however, low frequency of this enzyme is observed when plasmid-mediated Amp-C β lactamase was used in PCR.

[Majid Eslami, Alireza Nourizadeh, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Soghra Fallahi. Detection of Amp-C type Producing Escherichia coliusing the Clavulanic acid and Boronic Acid Inhibitor and Multiplex PCR method. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):278-283]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.48

 

 Key words:Combined disk, Amp-C, Boronic acid, Clavulanic acid, E.coli, Multiplex PCR

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Prevalence of head trauma causes in Bandar Abbas-Iran

 

Seyed Ali Alavi1*, Mohsen Taghaviasl2, Naimeh Baghr Zadeh Homaii3

 

1Student Research Commmittee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

2Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shariati hospital, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

3Infectious & Topical disease research center Hormozgzn University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas, Iran

a.alavi.ns@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of most important causes of neurologic complications. A TBI is caused by a bump, blow, jolt, falling or penetrating wound to the head that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain. In this study we decided to determine the prevalence of head trauma causes in Bandar Abbas-Iran. Method: In this descriptive study that conducted from December 21th to March 20th of 2012, documents of 54 patients have been studied. Necessary information extracted from documents according a checklist. Collected data entered to SPSS version 16 Andusedt-test and one-way ANOVA to compare demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: prevalence of head trauma considered as 2.73% between all patients with trauma diagnosis. Prevalence of head trauma was meaningfully more in men rather than women. Another considerable result was the prevalence of head trauma in patients with age range between 11 to 30 years old. Conclusion: Our findings show that prevalence of head trauma among patients with trauma diagnosis was 2.73% and The most important cause of head trauma in this period of time was vehicle accidents.

[Seyed Ali Alavi, Mohsen Taghaviasl, Naimeh Baghr Zadeh Homaii. Prevalence of head trauma causes in Bandar Abbas-Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):284-287]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.49

 

 Key words: head trauma, prevalence, TBI.

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50

Ergonomıc Sport Surfaces In Terms Of Lıfe-Long Sports

 

D. Katkat

 

Dept. of Sports Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

 

Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine different sport surfaces in term of on life-long sports. 196 sedanter, aged between 25 and 40, participated in this study. This study was executed on 8 different sport surfaces: asphalt, synthetic grass, natural grass, tile powder, soil, wooden parquet, full polyurethane and EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer). Leg strength (LS), back strength (BS) and vertical jumping height (VJH) were measured at rest and after a given training protocol on each surface. The results of the study, wooden parquet, EPDM, natural grass and polyurethane are ergonomıc sport surfaces in terms of life-long sports.

[D. Katkat. Ergonomıc Sport Surfaces In Terms Of Lıfe-Long Sports. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):288-292]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.50

 

Keywords: life-long sports- ergonomic sport surfaces

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51

Evaluation of Carbinoxamine effect on improvement of orally ketamine influence on CNS suppression in animal model

 

1Ramin Aminabad*, 2Eilyad Issabeagloo, 3Deepmala Verma

 

1. Food and Drug Association, Medical sciences university of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

2. Department of pharmacology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

3. Director, Society of Education, Agra, India

Ramin.Abad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Ketamine is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a low intestinal absorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %20±7 and with rectal administration in cat is %43.5±6.1. This drug has some side effects such as hypertension, histamine releasing effects, hallucination, hyper salivation (especially with oral administration) and etc. Carbinoxamine is one potent antihistamines with anticholinergic effects that can pass trough blood-brain barrier and cause suppression of CNS. Then it seems that co administration of Carbinoxamine and ketamine cause more effective and deep CNS depression effects. The aim of this study was evaluation of ketamine and Carbinoxamine CNS suppression effects in the manner of single and concomitant in cat. Ten mixed bred male & mature cats received mentioned drugs as oral route. In 2nd stage they received concomitant doses of Carbinoxamine & ketamine in the manner of mentioned method. Each animal was monitored continuously by educated experts for CNS depression signs as graded on the behavioral scales. Carbinoxamine in sub lingual administration in high doses cause only a partial ataxia. But ketamine in different doses showed a significant dose dependent effect. Concomitant administration of Carbinoxamine with ketamine improved depth & duration of CNS depression in comparison of single administration of ketamine. Results showed that a strong and long time CNS depression is achieved when they used orally.

[Naiyereh Haerifar. Evaluation of Carbinoxamine effect on improvement of orally ketamine influence on CNS suppression in animal model. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):293-297]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.51

 

Keywords: CNS depression, oral administration, ketamine, Carbinoxamine, cat

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52

Troponin I measurement as an indicator of cardiac trauma in patients with severe blunt chest trauma: A prospective study

 

 Gholamali Godazandeh1*; Seyed Mahmoud Nouraei2; Nazanin Moshtaghi3 ; Pouya Tayebi4

 

1,2,3,4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

*(Corresponding Author) Email: ghgous@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: In patients with blunt chest trauma, blunt cardiac injury (BCI) is not common but a serious injury and difficult to diagnose. Elevated serum Troponin I may suggest myocardial injury. The present prospective study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of serum Troponin I level in adult patients with severe blunt chest trauma admitted to Sari General Hospital during 2010-2011. Methods: Seventy seven patients with severe blunt chest trauma during 2010 - 2011 were enrolled. Echocardiography, ECG, cardiac monitoring and serum troponin I measurement were performed. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I with abnormal ECG and/or echocardiography findings of cardiac trauma, and Group II with normal ECG and echocardiogram and their serum Troponin I level was measured. For data analysis Chi-square and t-test were used. Results: Our findings revealed that serum Troponin I measurement has a sensitivity of only 30% and a specificity of 76% for the diagnosis of blunt cardiac trauma. Therefore, serum Troponin I level is not a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for blunt cardiac trauma. It cannot be used as a gold standard test and a normal Troponin I in a trauma patient cannot exclude BCI. Conclusions: In conclusion, raised serum Troponin I in a blunt chest trauma patient urges us to perform careful cardiac monitoring and to look seriously for BCI.

[Gholamali Godazandeh; Seyed Mahmoud Nouraei; Nazanin Moshtaghi; Pouya Tayebi. Troponin I measurement as an indicator of cardiac trauma in patients with severe blunt chest trauma: A prospective study. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):298-301]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.52

 

Key-words: Troponin -a complex, Troponin I, Blunt chest trauma, Blunt cardiac injury

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Methodical approaches to a strategy of diversification to advance domestic production of medicines

 

Rauan Botabayeva1, Clara Shertaeva2, Olga Blinova2, Ubaidilla Datkhayev1, Alma Shopabaeva1, Nurlan Zhanabayev3, Kairat Zhakipbekov1

 

1Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Kazakhstan, Almaty

2South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Kazakhstan, Shymkent

3International Kazakh-Turkish University H.A. Yassaui, Kazakhstan, Shymkent

kairat_phd@mail.ru

 

Abstract: This paper presents the results of marketing studies of drug provision of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the regional level, the example of JSC "Himfarm", located in South Kazakhstan region, Shymkent. To achieve the goal we have performed STEP-analysis, which revealed the social, technological, economic and political factors affecting the development of the regional pharmaceutical market.

[Botabayeva R., Shertaeva C., Blinova O., Datkhayev U., Shopabaeva A., Zhanabayev N., Zhakipbekov K. Methodical approaches to a strategy of diversification to advance domestic production of medicines. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):302-309]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.53

 

Keywords: pharmaceutical market, management, diversification, medicines, Korvatableta

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Linkage Analysis For Dfnb23 / Usher1f Locus

 

*1Sajid Ali, 1Bashir Ahmad, 2Shumaila Bashir, 1Nourin Mahmood, 3Javid Ali

 

1Pharmabiotech Research Lab, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan.

2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar. KPK- Pakistan.

3PCSIR Laboratories Complex Jamrud Road Peshawar KPK-Pakistan

E-mail addresses: vet_sajid@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Consanguineous families with multiple affected individuals of different casts were studied for the molecular basis of hereditary hearing loss in Pakistani population. Among the screened families, for linkage to recessive deafness locus DFNB23/USH1F, three families (PKDF338, PKDF608 and PKDF627) were found to linked to DFNB23/USH1F locus. PKDF338 was enrolled from Sialkot while PKDF627 and PKDF608 were enrolled from Balochistan. In families PKDF338 and PKDF627 deafness was profound without any history of vestibular dysfunction or retinitis pigmentosa. The ages of the affected individuals were from 5 to 17 years. Therefore these two families were linked to DFNB23 which is non syndromic locus. Family PKDF608 had the history of vestibular dysfunction. The ages of the affected individuals ranges from 12 to 30 years. Fundoscopic evaluation was not there but due to the presence of balance problem this family will be categorized as syndromic and therefore linked to USH1F. It is suggested that further genetic analysis should be done by sequencing the PCDH15 gene to identify mutations responsible for nonsyndromic and syndromic phenotypes of these families.

[Sajid Ali, Bashir Ahmad, Shumaila Bashir, Nourin Mahmood, Javid Ali. Linkage Analysis For Dfnb23 / Usher1f Locus. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):310-315]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.54

 

Keywords: PCR, Dominant, Haplotype, Microsatelite markers, Linkage analysis

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PCR- based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in Jizan Hospital, Saudi Arabia

 

Nourah H. Al-Zahrani*

 

*Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

Corresponding author*: nhalzhrani@kau.edu.sa

 

ABSTRACT: The relationship between ten Staphylococcus aureus strains using RAPD-PCR using three primers was performed. Isolates were collected from patients in Jizan Hospital during seven months period (November 2011 to January 2012) and the results were summarized in a dendogram. Fourty three RAPD fragments ranging in size from 100 to 1900 bp were amplified, 30 of which were polymorphic while the other were common among the ten S. aureus isolates. The mean percentage polymorphism shown by the three random primers was 88.24%. The polymorphic percentage of primers1, 2 and 3 were 83.33, 90.91, 90.91, respectively. UPGMA dendrogram showed two main clusters, the first included 7 isolates whereas, the second includes 9. The second cluster divided the 9 isolates into two sub-clusters, whereas the first contained isolate 2 with low similarity (36.7%) with isolate 7. The second contained 8 isolates and subsequently divided into two branches; the first branch containing isolates 5 and 4 (47.4%) and the second divided more to two sub-branches. One contained isolates 3 and 1 (60%) and the second showed four isolates. Two isolates (9 and 6) which revealed high similarity (78.3%). Isolate 6 revealed high similarity with isolate 9 (78%) followed by isolates 9 and 10 (76%). However, isolates 2 and 7 showed the lowest similarity percentage with 22%, followed by isolates 6 and 7 (25%). All the other remaining pairs showed intermediate similarity percentages. It should be noticed that most of isolates showed lower similarity percentages and this confirmed the different genetic backgrounds between ten Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates under the present study.

[Nourah H. Al-Zahrani. PCR- based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in Jizan Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):316-322]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.55

 

key words: Staphylococcus aureus, RAPD analysis, patients, Jizan Hospital, Saudi Arabia

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The ways of increasing of dark-chestnut soil fertility in West Kazakhstan

 

Vladimir Stepanovich Kucherov1, Sergei Grigoryevich Tchekalin2, Maria Maksimovna Fartushina3, Kazhmurat Maksutovich Akhmedenov1 and Guldana Zeinullaevna Kairgalieva1

 

1West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named of Zhangir Khan, Zhangir Khan Street 51; 090009, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan;

2 “Uralsk agricultural experiment station” JSC, Barayev Str.,6, 090010, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan;

3West Kazakhstan State University named of Utemissov M., Dostyk Ave., 162, 090000, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan.

 

Abstract: The present research work shows the humus content change due to the long-term anthropogenic impact. In particular, there has been shown the humus content change under various soil treatments: plowing, flat-cutting treatment of 25-27 cm and 12-14 cm, and zero tillage. Involvement of the flat-cutting treatment (25-27 cm) in crop rotation has lead to a significant increase of humus content in soil layer of 0-40 cm in comparison with plowing on the same depth. The research has determined that under the influence of soil treatment in the 4 -field grain-fallow crop rotation with spring cultures a negative humus balance is formed. To eliminate the lack for organic matter it is necessary to add 12-16 t/ha of manure. In production, for the convenience and more effective agrotechnical solution of this problem it is necessary to apply manure in lea, based on the entire crop rotation. In the current situation in the agricultural production of the region, when the manure application is problematic, replenishment of organic matter in the soil can be done by means of the inclusion of perennial grasses in crop rotations. This is confirmed by long-term research.

[Kucherov V.S., Tchekalin S.G., Fartushina M.M., Akhmedenov K.M., Kairgalieva G.Z. The ways of increasing of dark-chestnut soil fertility in West Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):323-328] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.56

 

Keywords: Humus, soil fertility, organic matter, soil treatment, organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, perennial grasses, soil layer, yield, adaptive cultures

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57

The Republican Meat and Milk Market

 

Gabdrashit Musinovich Aubakirov

 

Kazakh Research Institute of Economics of Agriculture and Rural Development, st. Beybitshilik, 46, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan. g0058@inbox.ru

 

Abstract: The article analyzes the level of public self-sufficiency with meat and milk products in the republic. The relation between the meat demand and supply and the public composition is indicated. The home meat and milk is presented in dynamics showing that it has certain dependence on imported foodstuffs. Therefore, the most effective marketing channels are evaluated for the raw stock and products. The main factors of product marketing progress are the state encouragement of producers, development of the processing industry. The need to promote subsidizing and to protect home market from escalation of the imported goods, are substantiated.

[Aubakirov G.M. The Republican Meat and Milk Market. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):329-333] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.57

 

Keywords: meat, milk, meat products, молочные products, home market, level of self-sufficiency, livestock breeding, processing, competition, expansion, consumption, production, export, import, marketing prices, marketing channels, logistics.

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58

Prevention of Land’s Inappropriate Use

 

Zhumash Kazhenbayevich Kosanov, Nurlan Mukhtarovich Batyrbaev, Mustafa Zhanbaz and Saltanat Tynybekovna Nyshanova

 

H.A. Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29,B.Sattarhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkestan, the main campus, South Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan. yasawiun@mktu.turkistan.kz

 

Abstract: Along with the main causes of the need to protect agricultural areas the consequences of misuse of the land and the measures needed to prevent them are considered in this article.

[Kosanov Zh.K., Batyrbaev N.M., Zhanbaz M., Nyshanova S.T. Prevention of Land’s Inappropriate Use. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):334-338] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.58

 

Keywords: Inappropriate use of land, land protection, environmental protection, land conservation system, the policy of land

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59

To the Problem of Improving Environmental Regulations

 

Zhumash Kazhenbaevich Kosanov, Nurlan Mukhtarovich Batyrbaev, Mustafa Zhanbaz, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova

 

H.A.Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29,B. Sattarhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkestan, the main campus, South Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan. bimaganbetova-alina@mail.ru

 

Abstract: The research focuses on some of problems of improving environmental legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the work the legal nature and content of the environmental legislation, the study of the formation and development of environmental legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, revealed the influence of international law on the development of national legislation, studied the relationship between the principles of environmental law and environmental safety, the characteristic of legal support for economic instruments to environmental security, developed theoretical and practical recommendations, formulated proposals for improvement of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of environmental safety.

[Kosanov Zh.K., Batyrbaev N.M., Zhanbaz M., Bimaganbetova A.K. To the Problem of Improving Environmental Regulations. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):339-342] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.59

 

Keywords: Environmental regulation, international law, national law, environmental protection, natural resources.

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60

Media Education as a Sector of Russian Economy

 

Irina Vladimirovna Zhilavskaya

 

M. A. Sholokhov Moscow State Humanitarian University, Verhnjaja Radishhevskaja ul, d. 16-18, 109240, Moscow, Russia

 

Abstract: In article for the first time media education is taken up as a branch of activity which at a stage of the formation acquires the traits of branch of the spiritual production revealing in an institutionalization, professionalizings, technologization and socialization of media educational processes. Media education as a field of activity remarkable for specific organization of production, special technologies and also unique type of made production: the media literate personality and media literate society. High quality of this "product" provides media safety guarantees as individual, and society as a whole.

[Zhilavskaya I.V.. Media Education as a Sector of Russian Economy. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):343-348] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.60

 

Keywords: Media education as branch of spiritual production, media safety, media behavior, media literate personality, media literate society, institutionalization, mass information, media education system

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Analysis of Haylage Round Bale Wrapper Operating Mechanism

 

Omirserik Zhortuylov1, Kabdyrakhim Kalym2, Bekbossyn Kassymbayev 3, Dimitar Karaivanov 4

 

1Kazakhstan Research Institute for Agriculture Mechanization and Electrification, 312 Raiymbeka Ave., 050005 Almaty, Kazakhstan

2Kazakhstan National Agrarian University, 8 Abay Ave. 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan

3Kazakhstan National Agrarian University, 8 Abay Ave. 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan

4Chemical Technology and Metallurgy University, 8 Kl. Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria

 

Abstract: The construction of round bale wrapper for haylage wrapping into polymeric film is examined and recommendations suggested for increase of its efficiency. Dynamic analysis of the mechanism of round bale rotation round vertical axis is made. Dependences are derived for determination of the necessary round bale wrapper driving power. Theoretical prerequisites are presented for justification of the round bale wrapper characteristics which could be used by the designers in the development of its construction.

[Zhortuylov O., Kalym K., Kassymbayev B., Karaivanov D. Analysis of Haylage Round Bale Wrapper Operating Mechanism. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):349-352] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.61

 

Keywords: Dynamics, hay, wrapper, power calculation

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A Study on the Relation between Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM) and Customers Loyalty in the  International Market

 

Firoozeh Fouladivanda 1, Mahsa Mohseni 2, Mani Shehni Karam Zadeh 3, Aidin Barbat 4

 

1. Master of Business Administration (Marketing), Multimedia University, Malaysia

firoozeh_fuladi@yahoo.com

2. Master of Business Administration (Finance), Multimedia University, Malaysia

3. Master of Business Administration (Finance), Multimedia University, Malaysia

4. Master of Business Administration (Finance), Multimedia University, Malaysia

 

Abstract: This paper aims at investigating whether there is a relation between Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM) and customers loyalty in the international market or not. This paper is an applied research in terms of objective and a descriptive- analytical research in terms of data gathering and processing. Library research method has been applied to gather data required for designing questionnaires. The questions have been designed based on Likert scoring range and by using Kano Model. The statistical universe is infinite. So Mobin Net Company was selected as the server of web services; and from among organizations which implement customer relationship management in the electronic environment (web) by using services of this company, some of them were randomly selected as sample via Cochran formula. This paper has calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient via SPSS software to test reliability. To estimate validity, Kuder – Richardson method has been applied. Also Spearman correlation coefficient has been used to approve research hypotheses. Friedman ranking test reflected first to third ranks for cognitive, emotional, and active loyalty, respectively. Then factor analysis method based on new and advanced method of partial least squares structural equations has been applied to analyze more important coefficients and factors, to estimate coefficients of independent variables and to determine effect of variables on each other and appropriateness of the questions. Finally Model measurement and structural accuracy have been determined.

[Firoozeh Fouladivanda, Mahsa Mohseni, Mani Shehni Karam Zadeh, Aidin Barbat. A Study on the Relation between Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM) and Customers Loyalty in the  International Market. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):353-359]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

 

Keywords: Electronic customer relationship management, customer loyalty, customer satisfaction

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Prevalence of head louse infestations and factors affecting the rate of infestation among primary schoolchildren in Paveh City, Kermanshah Province, Iran in the years 2009 to 2010.

 

Boshra Vahabi1, Ahmad Vahabi 2*, Alireza Gharib3, Mahnaz Sayyadi 4, Sirvan Sayyad 5

 

1Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sanandaj, Iran

*2Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, Sanandaj, Iran

3Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

4Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Ghods Hospital, Paveh, Iran

5Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran

*Correspondence author: ahmadvahabi1348@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Pediculus humanus capitis is a worldwide public health concern that affects mostly primary school age children. The objective of present study was to determine the prevalence of pediculosis infestation in primary schoolchildren, in relation to socioeconomic status of the family and hygienic practices in the home. The sample size of the study was 750 pupils in 25 primary schools in Paveh city who were selected by multistage, systematic random sampling. A total of 60 (8%) students of 5 grades were infested with different rates of infestation. A standard questionnaire recorded information of students about demographic features that were filled by the students. Children aged 8-9 years showed the highest prevalence rates (41.7%) and pupils aged ≥ 12 years had the lowest rate of infestation (3.3%). There were significant relationship between head louse infestation and parents’ education, pupils’ age and father’s job (p<0.05). The prevalence of head lice was higher than those observed in many studies in Iran. Pediculosis was found to be more prevalent in children of parents with lower level of education and socioeconomic status. There is a need for increasing awareness and education of teachers and parents in health education to prevent pediculosis.

[Boshra Vahabi, Ahmad Vahabi, Alireza Gharib, Mahnaz Sayyadi, Sirvan Sayyad. Prevalence of head louse infestations and factors affecting the rate of infestation among primary schoolchildren in Paveh City, Kermanshah Province, Iran in the years 2009 to 2010. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):360-364]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.63

 

Key words: Pediculus humanus capitis, louse, pediculosis, school children.

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The role of immunohistochemical markers in diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse astrocytoma

 

Hala M El safy, Hala E- Abdel Hamied, Reda A. Hassan, Howaida M. Rezk, Eman M. Ahmed, Abeer S. Farag

 

Department of pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egpt

 

Abstract: Background: The astrocytoma is a tumor of the central nervous system derived from glial cells. Histopathologic diagnosis of diffuse astrocytoma is essential for optimal prognostic and treatment. Distinction between different tumor grades can be challenging despite criteria given by World Health Organization (WHO). Additional markers are needed to improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. Objective: To investigate the roles of ki67, p53 and CD34 in the process of astrocytoma cell proliferation and progression and correlation of them with the malignant degree of astrocytoma, age sex and site of the tumor. Methods A total of 3o cases of diffuse astrocytomas (12 fibrillary WHO grade II, 8 anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade III and 10 glioblastoma WHO grade IV) were immunolabeled using ki67, p53 and CD34 monoclonal antibodies and analyzed statistically with respect to grade and other relevant parameters. Results: There was a stepwise increase of Ki-67 Labeling index (LI) from low-grade to high-grade astrocytomas (6.23±1.79, 13.06±4.47, and 22.15±7.63 respectively) which is statistically significant (P – value <0.001). The microvessel density (MVD) count [assessed using anti-CD34 antibody) increased with the progression of the pathological grade of astrocytoma. The mean value of MVD expressed by CD34 were (23.74±0.69, 43.40±1.03 and 63.53±2.23 respectively). Both ki67 and microvascular density correlated with grading and age (p<0.005), but did not show significant difference among patient sex and tumor location. P53 had no significant relationship with grading (p=0.0 57), but p53 overexpression is an early event in astrocytic progression. Conclusion, Ki-67 as markers for proliferation, and MVD as a marker of angiogenesis, could be used as ancillary methods to assist tumor grading in astrocytomas and help us to predict their prognosis. P53 tumor suppressor gene is an important early genetic event in malignant transformation of astrocytomas.

[Hala M El safy, Hala E- Abdel Hamied, Reda A. Hassan, Howaida M. Rezk, Eman M. Ahmed, Abeer S. Farag. The role of immunohistochemical markers in diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse astrocytoma. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s): 365-371]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.64

 

Key words: astrocytoma, tumor grades,Ki-67 Labeling index, CD34, microvessel density (MVD)

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Net Generation, Threats & Opportunities for Higher Education Institutes

 

Sadia Basar1, Rahatullah2, Allah Nawaz3, Awais Adnan1

 

1Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, 25000, Pakistan

2Department of Computer Science, IBMS, University of Agriculture, Peshawar KPK, 25000, Pakistan

3Department of Masters of Public Administrations, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, 25000, Pakistan

sadiaa.khancs@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The generation getting birth during the digital age (Net-Genre) has different views and feelings about the information and communication technologies (ICTs) than their elders who also know the pre-digital era. The old generation is learning it as a new technology but net-genre is adopting it as old or existing technologies meaning that they the old generation is learning by changing themselves while net-genre is personalizing and customizing new technologies according to their individualized requirements and styles. This new creed of learners is filled with both threats and opportunities for the higher education institutions and particularly the academicians or teachers. The purpose of this paper is to bring together the diversity of findings and stand-points about the net generation with a view to identifying the emerging threats and opportunities from the situation and sorting out measures and strategies to handle it.

[Basar S, Rahat, Nawaz A., Adnan A. Net Generation, Threats & Opportunities for Higher Education Institutes. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):372-377]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.65

 

Keywords: ICTs, eLearning, Net-Genre, eStudent, eTeacher

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Rheological Properties and Sensory Characteristics of Green Tea Yogurt during Storage

 

Shabboo Amirdivani*1,2 and Ahmad Salihin Hj Baba1

 

1Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2 Applied Science and Technology-Alifard University, Hashtgherd, Iran

* sh.mohajer1979@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Malaysian and Japanese green tea extract (2%) was added to a yogurt (MGTY and JGTY). Its dynamic rheological and sensory properties were evaluated and compared to those of a plain yogurt (PY) without the added green tea extract during 28 day storage at 4 °C. The plain yogurt exhibit a more compacted casein micelle aggregates network than that of green tea yogurts which was more runny and showed low viscosity attributed to the green tea extracts. The rheological analysis showed that the green tea yogurts had lower storage modulus modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') values in the linear viscoelastic region than the plain yogurt. Sensory evalution showed that the green tea yogurts had significantly (p< 0.05) higher scored aroma and overall acceptability than plain yogurt. Incorporation of green tea extracts increased WHC in green tea yogurts contributed to lower synersi and higher total solid content than that plain yogurt during storage at 4 °C indicating both green tea yogurts may constitute a functional food with commercial application.

[Amirdivani, S., Salihin Hj Baba, A. Rheological Properties and Sensory Characteristics of Green Tea Yogurt during Storage. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):378-390]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.66

 

Keywords: Rheological; Sensory Characteristics; Yogurt; forest

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Quantum Transmission of Optical Tweezers Via Fiber Optic Using Half-Panda System

 

I. S. Amiri 1, A. Nikoukar 2, A Shahidinejad 2, T. Anwar 2, J. Ali 1

 

 1 Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

2 Faculty of computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

isafiz@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical transmission link in order to transmit tweezers via an optical fiber. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. The input bright soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Throughput nano optical tweezers can be connected to the fiber optic with a length of 100 km, where transmission of tweezers can be performed. The optical receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers. A transmitter system can be used to transmit the tweezers via wired/wireless link to the users in a short communication link. Here the nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm are obtained and transmitted, where the free spectrum range (FSR) of the pulses is 50 nm.

[I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, A Shahidinejad, T. Anwar, J. Ali. Quantum Transmission of Optical Tweezers Via Fiber Optic Using Half-Panda System. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):391-400] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.67

 

Keywords: Half-Panda, Nano optical tweezers, Fiber optic transmission link

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Relevance of Tags to Images: A Brief Survey of Major Parameters and Evaluation Measures

 

Fouzia Jabeen, Shah Khusro, Saeed Mehfooz, Azhar Rauf, Jehangir Khan

 

Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan

Fouzia.jabeenphd@upesh.edu.pk

 

Abstract: An exciting way of finding or searching for images is by using tags. Tags are user given words to an image. These tags serve the purpose of metadata. The freedom of giving tags in any form raises questions that whether tags are relevant to image or not. The correct tag assignment will facilitate in search and navigation not only for the users that have contributed the image but also for other users interested in same. In contrast irrelevant tags contribute to semantic noise. In this paper we give brief survey of the major parameters in the literature that are used for estimation of relevance of tags with images along with evaluation measures.

[Jabeen F, Khusro S, Mehfooz S, Rauf A. Relevance of Tags to Images: A Brief Survey of Major Parameters and Evaluation Measures. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):401-404] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.68

 

Keywords: Folksonomy tags; tag refinement; relevant tags; evaluating parameters

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Assessment of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Hormozgan Province

 

Mahmood Nekoei Moghadam1, Elham Ahmadizadeh Fini1, Narges Khanjani2, Leyla Vali, 2Emadaddin rafiezad3, Mohammad Karim Dashtiyan4, Akram Ahmadizadeh Fini5*

 

1- Associate, Kerman University of Medical Sciences (first author).

1- MS in Health Education Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (first author).

2- Assistant, Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

3- B.c, Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

4- B.c of of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.

 

5- MPH Master of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (Corresponding Author).

Abstract: Introduction: Presently non-communicable disease count for more than 42% of the diseases worldwide and it is estimated that till 2020 they would be cause of 60% of the diseases and 73% of the mortality. In epidemiologic studies importance of non-communicable disease is mainly estimated by calculating the risk factors. Methods: In this study which is a part of non-communicable disease surveillance in Iran, 1000 people were enrolled and divided in 5age groups in urban and rural areas, and WHO standard questionnaire was completed for main risk factors of non-communicable diseases which were smoking, nutritional status, movement. Blood pressure and BMI were measured and calculated. Results: Mean BMI was 24.2, 17% had a blood pressure of higher than 140/90, 28.4 had minimal activity, 9.9% smoked daily, 78% consumed less than 5 servings fruit and vegetables per day and 25% had 1-3 risk factors. Conclusion:Regarding this fact that 25% of the studied population had 1-3 main risk factors of non-communicable diseases, and according to severe changes in lifestyle and increased unsafe behaviors especially in 15-24 year old and 64-55 year old group, necessary interventions are required to increase general knowledge on decreasing the risk factors and hence the risk of non-communicable diseases.

[Mahmood Nekoei Moghadam, Elham Ahmadizadeh Fini, Narges Khanjani, Leyla Vali, Emadaddin rafiezad, Mohammad Karim Dashtiyan, Akram Ahmadizadeh Fini. Assessment of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Hormozgan Province. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):405-408] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.69

 

Key words: non-communicable, risk factors, disease

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Screening of Actinomycetes Against Multi Drugs Resistant Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from the Soil of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Optimization Studies of Selected Streptomyces RMN6

 

1Bashir Ahmad, 1Riaz Muhammad, 1Sajid Ali, 2Shumaila Bashir, 3*Javid Ali, 1Ibrar Khan, 4Javed Abbas Bangash

 

1Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

2Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

3PCSIR Laboratories Complex Jamrud Road Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

4Directorate of Science & Technology, KPK- Pakistan

Corresponding Author: javedali_14@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In the present study total 43 actinomycetes RMN1-RMN43 were isolated from the collected soil samples. To screen out active metabolites producing actinomycetes against human pathogenic bacteria, 30 Gram positive and negative bacteria were isolated from hospitalized patients. In the primary screening, 21 actinomycetes showed antibacterial potential against one or more pathogenic bacteria. Total 14 actinomycetes, RMN1-14, showed antibacterial activities through agar well diffusion assay. One isolate of actinomycete, RMN5, produced exclusively narrow spectrum bioactive secondary metabolites against E. coli with 13 mm zone of inhibition. In the secondary screening most potent actinomycete, RMN6, produced broad spectrum bioactive metabolites against ATCC bacterial culture and multi antibiotic resistant bacteria such as E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeroginosa ATCC 27553, and Staphylococci ATCC 25923 activities at the range of 14, 13 and 19 mm zone of inhibition respectively while against isolated bacterial pathogens E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (MRSA) 15, 18 and 23 mm zone of inhibition was recorded, respectively. RMN6 was identified morphologically and biochemically as Streptomyces. Different conditions were optimized for RMN6 in batch fermentation in which pH 8, 144 hours incubation period, 29oC, 7.5% inoculum size, 3% glucose concentration and 160 rpm speed of shaking orbital incubator produced maximum activity. Maximum activity was recorded against M.luteusATCC 10240 and S.aureus (MRSA) clinical isolate as 32 and 28 mm respectively.

[Bashir Ahmad, Riaz Muhammad, Sajid Ali, Shumaila Bashir, Javid Ali, Ibrar Khan, Javed Abbas Bangash. Screening of Actinomycetes Against Multi Drugs Resistant Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from the Soil of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Optimization Studies of Selected Streptomyces RMN6. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):409-416] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.70

 

Key words: Actinomycetes, Agar well diffusion, MRSA

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Semantic Data Mining for Security Informatics: Opportunities and Challenges

 

Syed Ahsan, Saleh Alshomrani, Ali Hassan

 

FCIT, King Abdulaziz University (North Jeddah)

saehsan@kau.edu.sa, sshomrani@kau.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Terrorism has emerged a most serious and dangerous threat to the world. This unparallel threat seriously threatens the infrastructure, economy and the people. It is important to investigate into such systems that may help to prevent terrorist attacks by reducing its vulnerability and also minimizing the damage and recovery from attacks that occur. In order to achieve these objectives there is a need for new approaches and methods to gather, store, analyze and share intelligence and information through the use of information technology. Also, the adoption of WWW and modern Information Technologies by the terrorist organizations has necessitated the need of an IT-based counter terrorism infrastructure. In this paper we attempt to identify, i) the areas where IT can contribute in countering terrorism ii) the unique IT problems and challenges in counter terrorism applications where such applications are being used and developed, and, iii) lessons learned for developing countries so that an IT counter terrorism infra structure can be established with minimum cost in terms of time and money. We have also tried to highlight the role Information Technology and Internet have to play in counter terrorism by developing and using advanced information technologies such as Data Mining and Semantic Web. The challenges posed are discussed and initiatives to be taken are also suggested.

[Ahsan S, Alshomrani S, Hassan A. Information Technology and the World Wide Web: New Tools, New Frontiers in War against Terrorism. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):417-422] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.71

 

Keywords: Counter terrorism, disaster mitigation, homeland security, semantic web, data mining, heterogeneous databases, interoperability; Cognitive Distraction; Drivers; inattention; Features Extraction; Fatigue

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Increasing resistance to combination therapy among the chronic HCV 3a infected patients in KPK

 

Ruqiya Pervaiz 1, Ijaz Ali1, Sajid Ali2 Najib ur Rehman 1, Farzana1, Riaz Muhammad 2, Ahmad ur Rehman Saljoqi3

Musharaf Ahmad 4

 

1Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Agricultural University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

2Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

3Department of Plant Protection,, Agricultural University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

4Department of Plant Pathology,, Agricultural University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Vet_sajid@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Hepatitis C is highly prevalent in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan. Combination therapies of Interferon or Pegylated Interferon in combination with ribavirin are currently being used as antiviral options. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the response rate of combination therapy among patients infected with HCV 3a in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 50 patients (29 male and 21 female) belonging to different regions of KPK were enrolled for the study. All the patients were chronically infected with HCV 3a with elevated LFTs. Out of the total 50 patients, 30 (60%) showed ETR and 20 (40%) were Non Responders (NR). Follow up study indicated that all individuals with ETR developed a sustained virological response (SVR). Early virological response was observed only in 2 patients infected with HCV 3a. The response rate (60%) of combination therapy against HCV 3a infected patients of KPK and FATA is comparatively lower than earlier estimates. Our study supports the clinical observation of increasing resistance to combination therapy being experienced in the case of HCV 3a infections.

[Ruqiya Pervaiz, Ijaz Ali, Sajid Ali, Najib ur Rehman, Farzana, Riaz Muhammad, Ahmad ur Rehman Saljoqi, Musharaf Ahmad. Increasing resistance to combination therapy among the chronic HCV 3a infected patients in KPK. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):423-426] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.72

 

Keywords: HCV 3a, Sustained Virological Response, Combination therapy, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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To question o question of proffesional-pedagogical preparation of future teachers for labour education at rural schools

 

Talgat Abubakirovich Daniyarov, Malik Zhupanbekuly Sultanbek, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Aida Arshabekovna Beysenbaeva, Rymshash Kameshovna Toleubekova, Aziza Zhunusbekova

 

Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B. Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200

Turkistan, Kazakhstan

bimaganbetova-alina@mail.ru

 

Abstract: In article to be spoken about the pedagogical conditions providing a successful ethno-pedagogical podgoktovka of the teacher to labor education of rural school students with means of kazakhksky national pedagogics. Authors theoretically proved and developed model of formation of readiness of future teacher to labor education of pupils of rural schools by means of the Kazakh national pedagogics taking into account the revealed pedagogical conditions and the main groups of the factors causing this process. And also experimentally defined and checked efficiency of realization of razkrabotanny system of preparation of future teachers to implementation of trudokvy education of rural school students by means of the Kazakh national pedagogics and developed concrete recommendations about improvement and activization of this process.

[Talgat Abubakirovich Daniyarov, Malik Zhupanbekuly Sultanbek, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Aida Arshabekovna Beysenbaeva, Rymshash Kameshovna Toleubekova, Aziza Zhunusbekova. To question o question of proffesional-pedagogical preparation of future teachers for labour education at rural schools. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):427-4] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.73

 

Key words: lifeway, working life, national traditions, readiness, system, labour education, rural school students.

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Formation of Creative Thinking of Teachers in Educational Environment of Higher Education Institute

 

Karakat Nagymzhanova

 

S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, 30 Gvardeyskoy Divizii Street, 34, Ust-Kamenogorsk city, East-Kazakhstan region, Republic of Kazakhstan 070020

 

Abstract: Modern trends in society call for bringing the level of preparation of institute graduates with compliance of knowledge economy requirements which mean that future teacher must not only possess necessary set of expertise but be able to generate such knowledge in future, orientate himself in difficult pedagogical situations. In the article necessity to form creative thinking is proved, different approaches to the problem of creative thinking, its formation in educational environment are shown. The results of investigation of creative thinking of future teachers are given, pedagogical technologies used for formation of creative thinking cultivation are described.

[Nagymzhanova K. Formation of Creative Thinking of Teachers in Educational Environment of Higher Education Institute. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):439-443] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.74

 

Keywords: Creativity, creative thinking, intellectual capabilities, creative potential of a person, communicational creativity, divergence of thinking, Balint session, problem seminar

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Ways of Increasing the Grain Crops Yield under the Farming Biologization

 

Beybit Nasiyevich Nasiyev

 

West Kazakhstan agrarian-technical university named after Zhangir khan, Republic of Kazakhstan, 090000, Uralsk, Zhangir khan Street, 51.

 

Abstract: In recent years the strengthening of anthropogenic impact onto an arable land, an unsystematic use of land and the lack of measures to preserve the fertility have led to the intensive soil degradation. In this regard, the priority direction was the increase of in the plant growing productivity and quality of crops while preserving the soil fertility by the biological factors activating that do not violate the natural essence and the ecological balance of agro-ecosystems. With the comprehensive research we could find an influence of organic fertilizers (animal manure, a straw, green manures) on the crop yields. In the conducted researches we have studied the dependence of crop yield on the conditions of their moisture provision, agrophysical and agrochemical indices of the dark chestnut soil.

[Nasiyev B.N. Ways of Increasing the Grain Crops Yield under the Farming Biologization. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):444-448] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.75

 

Keywords: Yield, aero-physical soil criterion, green manures, animal manure, straw, dark chestnut soil.

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Clinico-laboratory Diagnostics of the Metabolic Syndrome in the Risk of Cardiovascular Pathology in Children and Adolescents with Obesity 

 

Zhanar Zhenisovna Nurgaliyeva1, Bolat Khabizhanovih Khabizhanov1, Lidiya Kikbaeyvna Khituova1, Assel Kajratovna Tulebaeva1, Pakytkanym Kabdukaevna Ishuova2, Gulshat Matayevna Kulniyazova3, Svetlana Grigoriyevna Davydovich3

 

1Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov. Тhe Republic of Kazakhstan, 050000, Almaty s., Tole-Bi Street 88

2Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children's Surgery. Тhe Republic of Kazakhstan, 050040,Almaty s., Al-Farabi Street 146

3The West Kazakhstan State Medical University named after Marat Ospanov. Тhe Republic of Kazakhstan, 030012, Aktobe, Maresyev str. 68

 

Abstract: The excess body weight and obesity problems, as well as the metabolic syndrome associated with these conditions, are extremely topical in modern medicine, since they are entailed with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, complications, and early disability and reduce life expectancy.

[Nurgaliyeva Zh.Zh., Khabizhanov B.K., Khituova L.K., Tulebaeva A.A., Ishuova P.K., Kulniyazova G.M., Davydovich S.G. Clinico-laboratory Diagnostics of the Metabolic Syndrome in the Risk of Cardiovascular Pathology in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):449-] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.76

 

Keywords: Children, obesity, metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular system.

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The Historical Review of the World Experience of Development and Functioning of Non-Governmental Organizations

 

Dinara Kenesovna Ospanova and Zauresh Galimzhanovna Saktaganova

 

Karaganda State University named after Evnei Arystanovich Buketov,

1000028, Universitetskaya Street, apt.28, building 3, 5 floor, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

d_k_ospanova@mail.ru

 

Abstract: In this article we take into consideration the experience gained by some aspects in the history of formation and development of nongovernmental organizations in the Republic of Kazakhstan of various issues in society. The urgency of this research is determined by the alternative pattern of political system transformation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors of the article by performing analysis take into account the circumstance that the government gives a proper consideration and swiftly reacts to challenges arising during civil society development, and by this means notably promotes its authority and legitimacy. Thus, formation of civil society in the Republic reflects objective terms of the changes aimed at shifting Kazakhstan society towards modern economic and political relations providing stability of the state development

[Ospanova D.K., Saktaganova Z.G. The Historical Review of the World Experience of Development and Functioning of Non-Governmental Organizations. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):455-459] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.77

 

Keywords: Political system, nongovernmental organization, social organization, civil society, foreign social institutions, non-governmental sector, social funds.

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Information-Entropic Laws of Language as Complex Self-Organizing System

 

Bikesh Ospanova

 

Karaganda State Technical University, Mira blvd, 56, 100027, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: In the article there are reflected the results of the study which purpose was using a measure of information amount permitting to analyze the general mechanisms of information-entropic characteristics of the texts laying in the basis of all spontaneously running in the surrounding world processes of information accumulating that lead to the system structure self-organization. There are presented some aspects of the experimental approach to calculating the text entropy, experimental data demonstrating the results. There is suggested a linguistic-mathematical model for analyzing the text structure based on the fundamental law of preserving the sum of information and entropy using Shannon’s formula, as well as a comparative analysis of the text entropic characteristics in Kazakh and Russian.

[Ospanova B. Information-Entropic Laws of Language as Complex Self-Organizing System. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):460-463] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.78

 

Keywords: Entropy, information, text, language, self-organizing system, study, dynamics, information theory, hierarchy

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To the Problem of Delimitation of the Expanded Sentence as an Independent Syntactic Category in Modern Linguistics

 

Rishat Zhurkenovich Saurbayev, Kairat Muhamedhafizovich Tekzhanov, Adilbek Dautbekovich Amrenov, Kuanysh Sovetovich Ergaliyev, Nurlan Ramazanovich Omarov

 

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, 140000, Pavlodar, Mira Street, 60, Kazakhstan

rishat_1062@inbox.ru

 

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of delimitation of expanded sentences from simple and complex ones. In modern linguistics, the problem of expanded sentence is disputable; some linguists trace the presence of expanding components in the structure of simple sentence, however, they hesitate to separate such type of sentence as an independent syntactic unit; the others consider, that such unit exists, and separate the third type of sentence, the expanded one, alongside with simple and complex sentences. The authors carry out the retrospective analysis of writings, devoted to the problem of this linguistic phenomenon under study. The article also deals with such notions, as expanded-coordinate and expanded-subordinate sentences in terms of the expanded sentence. The material of English and Tatar languages is used in the paper, as the study of languages, different in structure and system, provides interpenetration to the peculiarities of each language, what is not always possible, when studying only one particular language. At that, there is an opportunity to reveal and to describe one or another peculiarity of the compared languages, which can escape, when studying one particular language.

[Saurbayev R. Zh., Tekzhanov K.M., Amrenov A.D., Ergaliyev K.S., Omarov N.R. To the Problem of Delimitation of the Expanded Sentence as an Independent Syntactic Category in Modern Linguistics. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):464-474] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.79

 

Keywords: Expanded sentence, predicative line, semi-predicative construction, expanded-subordinate sentence, expanded-coordinate sentence

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Current Problems of State Regulation of Leasing Relations

 

Bolat Abduldaevich Seriyev1, Erbol Zhaksybekovich Beisov1, Gulnura Kenzhebaevna Kopbassarova1, Ermek Talantuly Nurmaganbet2

 

1Zhetysu State University named after I. Zhansugurov, Zhansugurov St.187 A, Taldykorgan, 049000 Republic of Kazakhstan

2Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, Almaty, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issue of state regulation of leasing relations. The author proves that leasing is convenient for all participants of leasing relations: to the manufacturer of equipment, lessee, investor. Leasing is beneficial for RK economy but it demands precise regulation and legal support. The essence of leasing, its financial and right foundations are being considered in the article. The classification of leasing in accordance with main activities in this sphere is given. Key advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and perspectives of its development are outlined. The author proves that current laws regulating leasing still contain some contradictions and faults.

[Seriyev B.A, Beisov E.Zh., Kopbassarova G.K., Nurmaganbet E.T. Current Problems of State Regulation of Leasing Relations. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):475-483] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.80

 

Keywords: Leasing, leasing operation, leasing companies, investor, lessee, main capital renewal, international leasing, investment activity, leasing contract.

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Problems of National and Language Policy in Historiography

 

Aiman Zeynelgabdenovna Zhumanova, Rymbek Muratovich Zhumashev

 

Karaganda State University named after Evnei Arystanovich Buketov, Archeology, Ethnology, and National History Department, apt.28, 5 floor, Universitetskaya Street building 3, 1000028, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

Aiman_jumanova@mail.ru

 

Abstract: Analysis of language policy of Kazakhstan in Soviet period of time is given in this article. Correlation of language and ethnicity, of language and culture, Kazakhstan historiography of national and language problems and questions of graphic’s reformation are considered in it. The publicists and ideologists of national movements told about questions of national and language policy in Soviet period. But scientists-historians and sociolinguists who wrote about “the flourish of languages”, about “triumph of national policy of Lenin”, about “timeliness of written language transformation into Latin and later - into Russian graphics” were at a loss. Some single publications where the scientists-specialists demonstratively expounded the language policy of the power appeared.

[Zhumanova A.Z., Zhumashev R.M. Problems of National and Language Policy in Historiography. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):484-490] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.81

 

Keywords: National language, national culture, language policy, national and language policy, historiography, education, culture.

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Contemporary Tendencies of the High School Didactics

 

A. Amirova

 

Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai, Zhambyla Street, 25, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The article deals with the contemporary representation of the didactics development in the conditions of a new educational paradigm. The History of General Didactics, the research of its historical, philosophical and methodological fundamentals were analyzed. It is proved that new tendencies in the educational development caused changes in its very content. It is well known the process of educational system’s reforming faces with another educational mentality and new demands concerning new educational relationships. The article draws much attention to the necessity of scientific and pedagogical basis of High School didactics developing. Moreover, the role of didactics in the system of contemporary pedagogical techniques that would help a student to become an independent personality is distinguished in the article.

[Amirova A. Contemporary Tendencies of the High School Didactics. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):491-496] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.82

 

Keywords: Kazakhstan, Bologna Process, didactics, the basic principles of learning, contemporary education

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Heat-and-moisture transfer at the feed meal particles drying and grinding

 

Ruslan Maratbekovich Iskakov1, Sultanbek Sansyzbaevich Issenov2, Assel Maratbekovna Iskakova3, Saule Halam1, Dinara Maratbekovna Beisebekova4

 

1 Department of Engineering Process Mechanization, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 62 а, Prospect Pobedy, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan

2 Department of Electrical Equipment Operation, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 62 a, Prospect Pobedy, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan

3 Department of Public Health and Informatics, Semey State Medical University, 103 Abay Street, Semey, 071410, Republic of Kazakhstan

4Communal State Public Enterprise "Club of Settlement Shulbinsk", Settlement Shulbinsk, Semey, 071426, Republic of Kazakhstan

rus.iskakov79@mail.ru

 

Abstract: This article is devoted to the research of heat-and-moisture transfer in operating area of grinding and drying unit (GDU). Preliminarily grinded up and defatted animal wastes (meat and bone tankage) with 39% moisture content were the subject for drying with simultaneous grinding. Feed meal particles of animal origin were the product dried (9-10% moisture) and grinded up (2-3 mm). There were detected the main factors having effect on the air-lift drying process acceleration with the simultaneous impact-splitting grinding. Change in size of the processed material particles was analyzed in 3 sections of operating area of GDU. In the 3rd section of operating area of GDU the particles with the size of 20 mm (60,1%) dominated. In the 2nd section of operating area of GDU the particles with the size of 10 mm (50,1%) dominated. In the 1st section of operating area of GDU the particles with the size of 2,7 mm (90,2%) dominated. Change of temperature and moisture content in the particles of raw product and meal of animal origin has been researched in 3 sections of operating area of GDU. In all 3 sections of operating area of GDU the temperature of the material particles under drying in center is lower than on surface but moisture content is higher. Experiment showed that there was no overheat of minor grinded up particle in the developed GDU thanks to swirling flows appearing at interaction of drying agent with the material under drying.

[Iskakov R.M., Issenov SS, Iskakova A.M., Halam S, Beisebekova D.M. Heat-and-moisture transfer at the feed meal particles drying and grinding. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):497-502] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.83

 

Keywords: Drying, grinding up, wastes and feed meal of animal origin, moisture transfer, and heat transfer.

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Current Issues of Industrial Property Protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Zhazira Saharbekkizi Saparbekova1, Bekzat Saparbekkizi Abdullaeva1, Mahabbat Kenzhehanovna Nakisheva2, Ermek Talantuly Nurmaganbet2

 

1Kazakh Humanitarian Law University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

2Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: In the Republic of Kazakhstan property and related personal non-property relations raising from creating, protection and use of innovation, utility model, industrial designs (hereinafter – item of industrial property) are guided by Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan Chapter 52 (Special Part) and Patent Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the meantime the experience in application of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on inventions, utility models and industrial designs shows that courts investigated rare cases (only 2 for 3 years) on litigating rights to objects of industrial property. Thus legal patent protection of objects of industrial property in the Republic of Kazakhstan is of specific and complicated nature and provides demands of the society for production means and commodities.

[Saparbekova Zh.S., Abdullaeva B.S., Nakisheva M.K., Nurmaganbet E.T. Current Issues of Industrial Property Protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):503-510] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.84

 

Keywords: Kazakhstan, property relations, industry.

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Mechanisms of Political Authority Legitimation in Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Lyazat Маtakbaeva

 

Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk Ave. 13, 050010, Almaty, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The problem of political authority legitimation is pressing for the whole former Soviet Union. This problem is connected with the fact that modernization processes of new independent states provided the search of their own development model, creation of institutions, which could support the internal unity of a country, internal legitimacy of government agencies. The study of problems of the government legitimacy in respect to the former Soviet Union has just started, that's why the criteria, mechanisms and levels of legitimacy are in the process of formation. This article represents and analyses main forms and mechanisms of political authority legitimation in present-day Kazakhstan. Legitimation cannot be given for ever, even the greatest social assistance can be lost if it isn't being constantly confirmed by new achievements. Wielder of power tries to strengthen its legitimacy; for this purpose it uses mechanisms of political authority legitimation, which is a complex functional system that includes wielder, object, conditions, principals, means and methods taken together, which allow to perform the procedure of political authority legitimation. All the components of the mechanisms are interrelated, each performing its function, which provides the functioning of the whole system. The article pays attention to the necessity of constant legitimation performance in ideological, structural and personal senses. Mechanisms and forms of political authority legitimation in Kazakhstan have not been yet investigated.

[Маtakbaeva L. Mechanisms of Political Authority Legitimation in Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):510-517] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.85

 

Keywords: Modernization, non-western countries, legitimation mechanisms, inner legitimation, self-legitimation.

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Comparison of Programs of Teaching Physics in Kazakhstan and Turkey

 

1Abdimanat Abdrazakovich Zholdasbekov, 2Nasiba Ergeshovna Absadykova, 2Gulim Pernebaevna Meirbekova, 2Alia Khozhankyzy Sarybayeva, 2Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev

 

1M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan State University, Tauke khan Avenue 5, 160000, Shymkent city, Kazakhstan

2H.A.Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, B. Sattarkhanov Avenue 29, 161200 Turkistan town, the main campus, South Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan

kamalbey@mail.ru

 

Abstract: The natural sciences are essential in the technological development of countries. Therefore, special attention is given to learning natural sciences. Characteristics and differences in natural science education in Turkey is that all students must be proficient in the field of science and technology. The program of teaching physics is aimed at education of creative person, who is able to identify the physical laws in any area of life activity and at the expense of existing knowledge to develop their competence and erudition. Between the education systems of Kazakhstan and Turkey, there are some similarities and differences.

[Zholdasbekov A.A., Absadykova N.E., Meirbekova G.P., Sarybayeva A.K., Berkimbaev K.M. Comparison of Programs of Teaching Physics in Kazakhstan and Turkey. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):518-523] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.86

 

Keywords: Program, teaching, teaching physics, comparison.

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Cloud-based Online Portal and Mobile Friendly Application for the Holy Qur’an

 

Zameer Ahmed Adhoni1, Husam Al Hamad1, Abdul Ahad Siddiqi2, Mohammd Parvez1, Zaheer Ahmed Adhoni3

 

1College of Computer, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

2Computer Science Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

3Huawei Technologies,

zameeradhoni@yahoo.co.in; hhamad@qu.edu.sa; asdqi@tabahu.edu.sa; m.prvez@qu.edu.sa; zaheekadhoni@huawei.com

 

Abstract: The impact of increased and varied mobile phone applications in the context of Qur’an is growing rapidly. Qur’an-based software products have been developed at the cutting edge of technological innovation. The developers and content providers do try to respond with applications which focus on specific Muslim branches and affiliations, as well as particular requirements of Islam. The paper deals with the design and development of a cloud based comprehensive online Qur’an portal, which can be accessed using any Internet enabled device. The main idea behind this work is to design and develop a dynamic portal, which makes all the reading and resource sections of it accessible to the audience across the Internet, whether they are using laptops, PCs, mobile, tablet, or personal digital assistants. The portal covers many aspects related to Qur’an, such as ‘Al-Mus'haf’, ‘reciter’, ‘translation’, ‘study materials’, ‘videos of scholars on Tajweed’, etc. The application provides a specific widget interface on a mobile phone, enabling quick access and implementing the specific multimedia features of a mobile phone. Among other features, the outcome of this work yields a resource center for Da’wah to the learners of Qur’an, whether they are students, teachers, or general public. Features like discussion forums, applications to help memorize Qur’an, Qur’an search engine, etc. are also implemented. In order to help non-Arab users, an authentic translation of Qur’an is also made available. A transliteration of Qur’an in Urdu is developed for people who cannot read Urdu but understand it. A mobile interface is created for the Qur’an portal, making it easy and efficient to be accessed from modern mobile devices, which have limited screen size. This will promote the use of Qur’an portal and associated tool from mobile phone. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this work will foster community by educating people about the Qur’an through a comprehensive portal dedicated to serve Muslims.

[Zameer Adhoni, Husam, Sidique, Tanveer, Zaheer. Cloud-based Online Portal and Mobile Friendly Application for the Holy Qur’an. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):524-538] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.87

 

Keywords: Holy Qur’an portal; Holy Qur’an mobile; online cloud application.

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Effect of Mild Steel Strip Confinement on Ductility Ratio of RC columns

 

M. Fiaz Tahir1, Qaiser uz Zaman Khan2, M Ashraf3, Afaq Ahmed4

 

1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

3Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NWFP University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

4Lecturer Scholar Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

fiaz.tahir@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: Strength and ductility of reinforced cement concrete columns can be improved by providing proper confinement. This can be accomplished by increasing the number of ties, by increasing the size of ties, by increasing the yield strength of ties, properly arranging main bars around the column periphery, decreasing the spacing between ties and using welded wire fabric etc. In this work strips were employed as confinement. In this paper the test results of two 150x150x600mm RC columns have been discussed. One column was confined with stirrups and other was confined with strips of same cross-section sectional area as for standard round stirrups. The columns were tested under cyclic axial load. Hysterises loops and backbone stress strain curves were drawn. Test results show that ductility ratio of strip confined columns were improved by 52.34% respectively as compared to stirrup confined columns.

[M. Fiaz Tahir, Qaiser uz Zaman Khan, M Ashraf, Afaq Ahmed. Effect of Mild Steel Strip Confinement on Ductility Ratio of RC columns. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):539-543]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.88

 

Keywords: Axial strength, Column, Confinement, Ductility ratio, Stirrups, Strips

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Evaluation of IL-17A and IL-17F genes polymorphism in Iranian dyspeptic patients

 

Farid Zandi1, Hedayatollah Shirzad2, Nader Bagheri3, Abbas Ahmadi4, Fateme Azadegan 5, Alireza Gharib6, Javad Hosseini7, Loghman Salimzadeh8, Hiresh Ayoubian4, Nazir Menbari4, Behnam Zamanzad2*

 

1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, sanandaj, Iran

2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, sanandaj, Iran

5 Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

6Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

7 Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Faculty of Medicine,Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

8 Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Soran University, Kurdistan region-Iraq

*Corresponding Author: behnamzamanzad5@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) colonize the gastric mucosa of approximately 50 % of the world's population that involved in chronic gastritis. The relationship between Hp colonization and gastric inflammation is widely accepted. Polymorphisms in inflammation related genes such as cytokines were thought to partly determine the outcome of Hp infection and progression of gastritis. Interleukin IL -17A and IL-17F are inflammatory cytokines expressed by a novel subset of CD4+ Th cells, play important function in inflammation. Aimed: we evaluate association of IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms with gastritis, Polymorphonuclear (PMN) and Monoculear (MN) infiltration in related to Hp. Methods: According to rapid urease test, PCR 16srRNA, urea and histological examination of biopsies, patients were classified Hp-infected and Hp-uninfected. The histological severity of gastritis was graded from normal to severe based on the degree of MN cell and PMN leukocyte infiltration, chronic gastritis and chronic active gastritis. Polymorphism in IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: AG, GG, AG/AA carriers of IL-17A G197A and AA, GA, GG, GA/GG carriers of IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms were not associated with MN infiltration, PMN infiltration, chronic gastritis and Chronic active gastritis in Hp-infected and Hp-uninfected groups (p > 0.05). AA genotype of IL-17A G197A was related to chronic gastritis and PMN infiltration in Hp-uninfected group. Conclusion: IL-17A G197A substitution may be a risk factor for development gastritis in Hp-uninfected patients, also affect the pathway MN cell production pathways.

[Farid Zandi, Hedayatollah Shirzad, Nader Bagheri, Abbas Ahmadi, Fateme Azadegan, Alireza Gharib, Javad Hosseini, Loghman Salimzadeh, Hiresh Ayoubian, Nazir Menbari, Behnam Zamanzad. Evaluation of IL-17A and IL-17F genes polymorphism in Iranian dyspeptic patients. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):544-551]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.89

 

Keywords: IL-17A, IL-17F, polymorphism, Helicobacter pylori, gastritis

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Relationship Between Polymorphism in Promoter Region of E-Cadherin (Cdh1) Gene and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Kurdish Population of Iran

 

Abbas Ahmadi1, Farid Zandi2, Alireza Gharib3, Neda Menbari4, Javad Hosseini5, Mohammad Abdi5, Akbar Jalili6, Mohammad Nazir Menbari1*

 

1 Kurdistan Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Soran University, Kurdistan region-Iraq

3 Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

4 Department of Veterinary, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

5 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

6 Department of Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University- Ahar- Iran

*Corresponding Author : nazir.nazir.33@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in addition to inflammation in gastric mucosa and much mortality may progress to gastric cancer. Gastric cancers like many other cancers have a multistage process and cause obvious changes in environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Polymorphism in promoter region of CDH1 gene has been associated with reduced E-cadherin protein expression. It has been proposed that H. pylori infection may cause multiple nucleotide changes in CDH1 gene. Aimed: We evaluated the association between -160 (C>A) CDH1 gene polymorphism with H. pylori infection in Kurdish population. Methods: A total of 162 biopsies taken from non-ulcer dyspepsia patients were classified as H.pylori infected and H.pylori uninfected. All previous diagnoses confirmed pathologically and molecularly. Polymorphism in -160(C>A) CDH1 was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Results: Infection with H. pylori was found in 67% of patients. H. pylori infection was more frequently found in biopsies with the -160C/A genotype than those with the -160C/C (P value = 0.01). Conclusion: 160C/A genotype might require H. pylori infection to promote the inactivation of CDH1. This suggests that H. pylori infection might affect gastric cancer (GC) in an initial stage.

[Abbas Ahmadi, Farid Zandi, Alireza Gharib, Neda Menbari, Javad Hosseini, Mohammad Abdi, Akbar Jalili, Mohammad Nazir Menbari. Relationship Between Polymorphism in Promoter Region of E-Cadherin (Cdh1) Gene and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Kurdish Population of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):552-556]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.90

 

Keywords: E-cadherin, Kurdish population, polymorphism, Helicobacter pylori,CDH1gene

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Assessment and prioritization of types of common interactions industry with University in Iran manufacturing sector of the sport industry

 

Emadodin Sayadi1*, Esmaeil sharifian2, Mahbubeh Jafarzadeh Zarandi1, Tayebeh Morudi Abasi3, Azam Ziaadini4

 

1 Department of sports Management, Kerman Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

3 Department of sports Management, Bandar Abbas Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran

4 Department of Physical Education, Zarand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarand, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Emadodin.sayadi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: On one hand, the bilateral requirements of the academia and industry, and on the hand the development needs, require a close cooperation between the academia and the industry. Basically, apart from some considerations, every country’s development and advance depend on its technological and scientific power, as well as the cooperation and the connection between the industry and academia as the institutions which undertake the scientific and technological activities. The present study aims to Assessment and prioritize of the Types of common Interactions industry with University in manufacturing sector of the sport industry in Iran’s geographical context. Patients and methods: The study is an applied research based on a descriptive-analytical methodology of research. The research population of the research included all the sports products manufacturers (N=220) among which a number of 140 companies was considered as the research sample of the investigation. In order to collect the data, Esham’s 2008 questionnaire for industry was used in which the reliability coefficient was calculated by the alpha Cronbach (α=0.86) method. The analysis of the results of the study through the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics was processed using the Spss20 software. Results: The results gained through Friedman’s test showed that the most important interactions Sport Products Manufacturing With universities have been included Personal communication with academics and and students in corporate internships. Additionally, according to the results achieved through the Kruskal-Wallis’ test, there was a significant difference among the managers’ perspectives on the surveyed of the Types of common Interactions industry with University based on the level of study, Type of Companies and companies. Conclusion: In general it can be said, was a undesirable relation of the sports products manufacturing industry with universities and the range is very limited and inadequate cooperation between the two institutions.

[Emadodin Sayadi, Esmaeil sharifian, Mahbubeh Jafarzadeh Zarandi, Tayebeh Morudi Abasi, Azam Ziaadini. Assessment and prioritization of types of common interactions industry with University in Iran manufacturing sector of the sport industry. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):557-563]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.91

 

Key words: industry and university, Interactions, manufacturing sector, sports industry, Iran.

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Paradigm Shift from eLearning-1 to eLearning-2

Problems & Prospects for Higher Education in Developing Countries like Pakistan

 

Sadia Basar1, Rahatullah2, Khalid Asad3, Awais Adnan1

 

1Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences, KPK, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan

2Department of Computer Science, IBMS, University of Agriculture, KPK, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan

3Department of Science Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

sadiaa.khancs@gmail.com

 

Abstract: New technologies offer opportunities for the developing countries to resolve their long-standing problems of national/international isolation and mass-education. However, it is neither automatic nor devoid of challenges and problems rather there are both development and use problems for the developers, users and institution. The effective use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in higher education is a global issue for individual researchers, institutions, governments and societies as a whole. All three eLearning systems: traditional, blended, and virtual can be used depending on the availability of technologies and trained workforce. Most of the developing countries are experimenting with traditional and blended systems while developed world is practicing virtual systems. This paper portrays the evolution of eLearning from traditional to modern eLearning in the higher education of developing states like Pakistan.

[Basar S, Rahat, Asad K, A., Adnan A. Paradigm Shift from eLearning-1 to eLearning-2. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):564-571]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.92

 

Keywords: ICTs; Traditional, Blended; Virtual eLearning; eTeachers; eStudents; eAdministrators

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Antifungal Potential of Calotropis procera against Macrophomina phaseolina.

 

Khajista Jabeen, Nidra Waheed1 and Sumera Iqbal

 

Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, 54000- Pakistan.

Khajista_1@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: The antifungal activity of Calotropis procera (aak) was investigated against the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophamina phaseolina causes charcoal rot in various economically important crops. Different concentrations of leaf and stem methanol extracts viz. 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% was applied against M. phaseolina in vitro. Leaf extract was found more effective & showed significant antifungal activity as its 3% concentration 16.5% reduces the fungal growth. Methanolic extracts of C. procera stem was promoting the growth of test fungus except 5% concentration. C. procera leaf extract was effectively suppressing the growth of M. phaseolina in screening bioassays, so this was subjected for fractional guided bioassays. Methanolic extract of C. procera leaves was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these fractions and a commercial reference fungicide (72 %WP, Puslan) was evaluated against M. phaseolina. Different concentrations from (700 mg-1.36 mg mL-1) were used and data was recorded after 24 and 48 hrs. n-hexane and synthetic fungicide were most effectively retard conidial germination with (1.36 mg mL-1) MIC. The other fractions were comparatively less antifungal.

[Jabeen K, Waheed N, Iqbal S. Antifungal Potential of Calotropis procera against Macrophomina phaseolina.

 Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):572-576] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.93

 

Keywords: Antifungal activity, Calotropis, Organic fractions, Methanolic extract, MIC

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Effect of FRP on compressive strength of unheated and post heated concrete

 

Rana Faisal Tufail1, Dr Muhammad Yaqub2, Dr Qaiser uz Zaman Khan3, Muhammad Shahid Mehmood4, Syed Saqib Mehboob5

 

1. Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

2. Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

3. Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

4. Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, Swedish College of Engineering and Technology, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

5. Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

faisaltufail63@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Fire affects the residual compressive strength of concrete. High strength concrete may be reduced to normal or low strength concrete after fire exposure. The experimental work was carried out to investigate the effect of FRP on normal and low strength concrete. The experimental results of unheated concrete were compared with the post-heated published data for normal and low strength concrete confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer in order to investigate the effect of CFRP confinement on normal and low strength post-heated concrete. It was found that CFRP is more effective for post-heated concrete than un-heated concrete. The unheated experimental work and post heated published data was also compared with the three North American design guidelines (American Concrete Institute ACI 440.2R-2008, Canadian Standard Association CSA-S806-02 and Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures Canada ISIS MO4 2001).

[Tufail R F, Yaqub M, Tahir M F Qureshi M A, Sohail M, Mehmood M S, Khan I, Hussain M. Effect of FRP on compressive strength of unheated and post heated concrete. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):577-583] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.94

 

Key words: Compressive Strength, post-heated, unheated.

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A New and Effective Method in Fingerprint Classification

 

Şakir Parlakyıldız, Fırat Hardalaç

 

Department of Electrical & Electronics, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey

sp_yildiz@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Nowadays using fingerprint as a biometric feature is widely utilized in related applications of individuals’ identification. Reliability, cost-effectiveness and it applicability in comparison to the other biometric IDs including signature, iris identification, face identification and motion identification, has led to the widespread use of fingerprint in different applications. If too much data is in hand fingerprint classification is one of the ways to reduce the time of searching and identifying an unknown image in a great set of images. In this paper a new method for classifying fingerprints in databases FVC 2000, FVC 2002 and FVC 2004 is presented. In order to extract features from fingerprint images we used co-occurrence matrix and in order to classifying and identifying individuals we used a neural network. The used neural network was a multilayer perceptron network with training after error propagation method.

[ParlakYıldız Ş, Hardalaç F. A New and Effective Method in Fingerprint Classification. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):584-588] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.95

 

Keywords: Fingerprint, Classification, Co-occurrence Matrix.

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96

The Causes of Fluctuation of Hydrodynamic Pressure in Wells and Recommendations for its Reduction

 

Boranbay Tovbasarovich Ratov, Boris Vladimirovich Fedorov and Temirkhan Alpamysovich Zhanabayev

 

The Kazakh National Technical University after name of K.I. Satpayev, 050013 Almaty 22, Satpaev Street, Republic of Kazakhstan

bearia1991@yandex.ru

 

Abstract. The paper presents a rationale for excluding the fracture while running the tool and identified ways to reduce the hydrodynamic pressure. It is known that the pressure in the borehole to stabilize its walls is adjusted by changing the density of the drilling fluid. However, the pressure surge in the well is observed when running the drilling tool, which leads to significant absorption mud or fracturing layer. That this will lead to significant cost overruns solution and affect the resistance of the borehole. The purpose of the work to define the conditions that exclude hydraulic fracturing when running the tool and identify ways to reduce the hydrodynamic pressure

[Ratov B.T., Fedorov B.V., Zhanabayev T.A. The Causes of Fluctuation of Hydrodynamic Pressure in Wells and Recommendations for its Reduction. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):589-591] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 96

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.96

 

Keywords: Drilling, drilling tools, testing, hydraulic fracturing, reservoir pressure, the drilling fluid.

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Development of Antibacterial complex for Sanitation of Boar and Bull Semen

 

Amangeldy Rustenov 1, Nurlygul Zhanbolatovna Eleuqalieva 1, Kulzada Mergenbayevna Lakhanova 2, Lazzat Maratovna Mambetova 1, Indira Abaikhfnovna Маkhatova 1, Gulmira Khalikova 3

 

1 South Kazakhstan State University M.Auezov, Tauke Khan Street, 5, 160012, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

2 The Institution of International Kazakh - Turkish University named after H. A. Yasavi, microdistrict Magzhan” 6-4, Turkestan city, Kazakhstan

3 South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical Institute, street Baitursynov, 13, Shymkent, 160012, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. It is recognized that in case of full compliance with sanitary requirements, one can get from the bulls up to 72-74% of ejaculates, containing not more than 2,000 microbial cells per 1 ml, and from boars - 67-69% of ejaculates with microbial cells in amount of maximum 5,000 per 1 ml of semen. Most frequently ejaculates contain pathogens, opportunistic cells (blue pus bacillus), streptococci, micrococcaceae, saprophytes, olm, and fungi. The sensitivity of the semen microflora was tested to 24 antibiotics; among them 15 antibiotics were selected to be tested in terms of harmlessness to semen. Based on the research conducted we have developed a new antibacterial complex for sanitation of breeder semen that can be used for decontamination of ejaculates microflora providing at the same time increased holding period of spermatozoa, as well as birth of healthy offspring. A new complex is composed of the following ingredients (per 100 ml of the extender): cefotaxime - 10 mg, gentamicin - 8 mg, and oleandomycin phosphate - 60 mg. Cefotaxime and gentamicin have a different spectrum of antimicrobial action. An important property of both drugs is their chemical and antimicrobial compatibility. Application of the developed antibacterial complex reduces microbial contamination of semen by 6.4-8.3 times that indicates synergistic action of the ingredients against the semen microflora. Sanitation of breeder semen by means of novel antibacterial complex contributes to better seminal sowing. Breeding efficiency of pedigree stock, inseminated with semen, treated by new antibacterial complex, was 11.7-12.9% higher than that in control.

[Rustenov A., Eleuqalieva N.Zh., Lakhanova K.M., Mambetova L.M., Маkhatova I.A., Khalikova G. Development of Antibacterial complex for Sanitation of Boar and Bull Semen. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):592-596] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 97

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.97

 

Keywords: Spermosan, oleandomycin phosphate, boars, spermatozoa, antibacterial complex, ejaculates, breeding efficiency, sanitation, extender, vitality, activity, cefotaxime, gentamicin, bulls.

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Maturing and specifics of Kazakhstan modernization model

 

Lyazat Маtakbaeva

 

Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostykave. 13, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. Study of modernization processes in post-Soviet space is one of the most topical directions of political sciences analysis. Researchers define three forms of modernization: revolutionary, evolutionary and mixed. This article covers the specifics of the search of optimal balance of democratic values and national specifics. The author considers modernization in narrow and wide aspects and notes that a certain level of political system modernization is obtained now and it demonstrates some features of Kazakhstan modernization model.

[Маtakbaeva L. Maturing and specifics of Kazakhstan modernization model. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):597-602] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 98

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.98

 

Keywords: Modernization, democratization, social integration, national idea, polyethnic population, civil society.

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99

Alternative and Expanded Version of the Sweep Method for the Numerical Solution of the First Boundary Value Problem for Second-Order Linear Differential Equations

 

Zinepkali Sisengalievich Utemaganbetov

 

Caspian State University of Technologies and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau sity,32 mkr, 130003, Mangistau region, Republic of Kazakstan

 

Abstract. In the article, they suggest a new algorithm which is an alternative to the sweep method for numerical solution of second-order linear differential equations with fixed boundary conditions. This algorithm has a wider field of application than the well-known sweep method, and it works both with positive and negative coefficients. Besides, the authors show the consistency and computational stability of difference schemes represented by suggested recurrence formulae. The results of this article are confirmed by computation data.

[Utemaganbetov Z.S. Alternative and Expanded Version of the Sweep Method for the Numerical Solution of the First Boundary Value Problem for Second-Order Linear Differential Equations. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):603-611] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 99

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.99

 

Keywords: Sweep formulae, forward formulae, backward formulae, forward formulae for a negative “entry”, forward formulae for a positive “entry”, backward formulae for a negative “entry”, backward formulae for a positive “entry”.

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Regulation of Integrated Social and Economic Development of Regions through Program Target Management Methods

 

Ardaktygul Nurzhauovna Zhanbyrbayeva 1, Gulashar Zharmagambetovna Doskeyeva 1, Raushan Zhenisovna Bekova 2, Altynbek Koshkarbaiuly Moshkalov 3, Sungat Ualyhanuly Toktassynov 1

 

1T. Ryskulov Kazakh Economic University, 55 Zhandossov Street, 050035, Almaty, Kazakhstan

2Turan University, Satpaev 16-18-18а, Almaty, Kazakhstan

3Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai. 13 DostykAvenue, 050010, Almaty, Kazakhstan

aika-83@bk.ru

 

Abstract. The regulation of social and economic development of Kazakhstan regions through methods of program target management at national and regional level is studied. The basic problems of the regions of Kazakhstan and ways to manage the development of territories are defined. Structural model of regulation of social and economic development through methods of program targer management is elaborated being a scientific novelty.

[Zhanbyrbayeva A.N., Doskeyeva G.Zh., Bekova R.Zh., Moshkalov A.K., Toktassynov S.U. Regulation of Integrated Social and Economic Development of Regions through Program Target Management Methods. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):612-615] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 100

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.100

 

Keywords: Regional development, program target method, strategy, management.

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101

Marital Satisfaction in Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comparative Study

 

Kobra Valian1, Leila Amini2٭, Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr2, Ali Montazeri3

 

1. Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2. Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3. Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

٭Corresponding author: Leila Amini, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

 E-mail: amini.l@iums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a sex hormone disorder that can influence on marital satisfaction of affected married women. In the other hand, problems in marital relationships can causes problems in social relationships, tendency to social deviations and declining of cultural values among couples. By the way, the aim of this study was comparison of marital satisfaction in women with and without PCOS regarding to marital duration. In this comparative study, 100 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 300 healthy individuals compared for marital satisfaction regarding to their marital duration. This study was done in selected clinics in Tehran city, 2012-2013. Samples selected using consecutive sampling. Einrich marital satisfaction inventory and demographic questionnaire were completed by women. To analyze data, SPSS version 16 was used. In the group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome the most women had average level of satisfaction in communications, conflict resolution, and ideal distortion subscales (34%, 46%, 42%, and 51% respectively), and there was no significant relationship between these subscales with duration of marital life. In the group of women without polycystic ovary syndrome the most women with respect to subscales of marital satisfaction, communications, conflict resolution and ideal distortion were in the average level (44.7%, 36.8%, 34.8% and 40.7% respectively) too. In two groups, there was no significant relationship between these subscales and duration of marital life. But there was a significant difference in marital satisfaction between women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower marital satisfaction than non-PCOS women. It is necessary to offering appropriate interferences for patients and their families.

[Kobra Valian, Leila Amini, Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr, Ali Montazeri. Marital Satisfaction in Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comparative Study. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):616-620] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 101

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.101

 

Keywords: marital satisfaction, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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102

The Relation of Fiscal policy with Economic Growth and Inflation in Iran

 

Mohammadreza Nourbakhshian

 

Master of business administration, Multimedia university, Malaysia

m.nourbakhshian@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This paper is regarded as an applied research in terms of objective and a library study in terms data collection as it seeks to explain the relation and calculate correlation coefficient of independent variable (government expenditures and tax) with economic growth and inflation in Iran. To gather the required data, library research method has been applied, and information pertaining to the variables has been gathered by referring to the annual reports of the global bank from 1978 to 2012. To determine whether there is a significant relation between independent and dependent variables, Spearman correlation coefficient test via SPSS software has been used. To assess reliability of time series, Dickey – Fuller unit root test which is the most appropriate tests in this regard has been applied through EViews software. In the following, ARDL model has been used by Microfit software to determine the long-term relation among variables. The results reveal that there is a significant and long-term relation between independent variables (tax and government expenditures) and dependent variables (economic growth and inflation).

[Mohammadreza Nourbakhshian. The Relation of Fiscal policy with Economic Growth and Inflation in Iran. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):621-628] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 102

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.102

 

Keywords: Fiscal policies, economic growth, inflation

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103

Rationalization Of Pharmacotherapy In Some Selected Gastro-Intestinal And Hepatic Abnormalites

 

1Sudhair Abbas, 2Ajmal Hussain, 1Abdul Mateen, 3Javid Ali, 3Arshad Hussain, 4Sher Mohammad, 5Said Hassan

 

1Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, KPK -Pakistan

2Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

3PCSIR Laboratories Complex Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

4Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar KPK, Pakistan

5Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, KPK- Pakistan.

Corresponding author: E.mail: Javedali_14@yahoo.com, Phone# +92-091-9216244, Fax+92-091-9216232

 
Abstract: During this clinical pharmacy clerkship in pediatric ward-A (Lady Reading Hospital) the studied diseases include GIT abnormalities (Enteric fever, diarrhea, Constipation)and hepatic abnormalities (Ascites, Liver abscess, hepatomegaly) along with other complications (Celia, upper GIT bleeding). During the said period I focused on, Etiology, Pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of these ailments. Collection of case histories was the 1st priority of all considerations. The collected histories comprises mainly of patient demographics, chief complaints, principal diagnosis and laboratory tests, medications used in hospital and others. The collected data was analyzed regarding the drug therapy at hospital, its dosage in different age groups and their respective physical conditions and a comparative analysis was also done i.e. comparing therapy given at hospital and that recommended by standard therapeutic guidelines. The major parameters considered and studied were drug related problems. The overall prognosis of the disease was also observed. The major discrepancies that ensue during drug therapy at hospital were drug selection, dose calculation, dose adjustment and drug interactions. Medications prescribed at hospital in certain cases showed deviation from standard therapy recommended, a brief discussion of which and its impact upon prognosis and recommendations for the management of such problems is also considered.

[Sudhair Abbas, Ajmal Hussain, Abdul Mateen, Javid Ali, Arshad Hussain, Sher Mohammad, Said Hassan. Rationalization Of Pharmacotherapy In Some Selected Gastro-Intestinal And Hepatic Abnormalites. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):629-646] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 103

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.103

 

Key words: Rationalization; Pharmacotherapy; Gastro-Intestinal; Hepatic Abnormalites

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104

The Evaluation of Structural Performance of New Benazir Bhutto International Airport Islamabad, Pakistan

 

 Muhammad Hussain1, Imran Hafeez1, M.A.Kamal1, Rana Faisal Tufail1, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Abbas Qureshi2

 

1.Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

2.Department of Civil Engineering, Swedish College of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

hussainmuhammad42@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Sub grade strength, bitumen content of different structural layers and riding quality of wearing surface are the most important factors that affect the overall performance of pavement so it is necessary to evaluate the structural behavior and surface characteristics of pavement. The study reveals that runway of new Benazir Bhutto International Airport Islamabad will behave under the heavy loading of aircrafts as per design requirements. This paper documents the Sub grade CBR tests, field density test, different layer’s soil classification, profilograph tests and skid resistance tests were performed to find out structural performance of main runway, secondary runway and taxiway and then compared with internationally design standards. From this research, it was concluded that new BBIAP is properly designed according to specifications. IRI values of main, secondary and taxiway are 1.54, 1.99 and 2.96 respectively which are well within internationally accepted values. Optimum asphalt content of bitumen wearing and bitumen base courses are 5.10% and 4.50% respectively when tested on different samples by extraction tests. Loss of stability in Bitumen wearing course and Bitumen Base course are 18% and 9% respectively. It was also concluded that the best Soil used in sub grade of any pavement is A-2-4 with 95% compaction achieved. Because A-2-4 soil can bear maximum load with respect to other groups soil, it is considered to be very effective while preparing sub grade in any runway pavement. From this research, it was also concluded that the factor of percentage of bitumen is dominating factor in the behavior of resilient modulus at a certain limit, as we increase the percentage of bitumen resilient modulus increases and vice versa. After a certain limit resilient modulus decreases by increasing bitumen content.

[Hussain M, Hafeez I, Kamal.M.A, T. Faisal, Z. Muhammad, Q A Muhammad. The Evaluation of Structural Performance of New Benazir Bhutto International Airport Islamabad, Pakistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):647-652] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 104

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.104

 

Keywords: Flexible pavements, Performance index, Runway, Profilograph test, International roughness index, structural performance, Civil Aviation Authority

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105

Optimal Control based Intelligent Controller for Active Suspension System

 

Mohsin Jamil1, Asad Asghar Janjua1, Iqra Rafique2, Shahid Ikramullah Butt1, Yasar Ayaz1, Syed Omer Gilani3

 

1 School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

2 Karachi Institute of Power Engineering, Karachi, Pakistan

3Center for Energy Systems, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

mohsin@smme.nust.edu.pk

 

Abstract:Suspension systems play a vital role in providing comfortable and safe vehicle ride. This paper proposes a controller that is developed by combining optimal control and intelligent control techniques to minimize the vehicle’s body vertical displacement. The actuator control force is also reduced through this integration. The numerical simulation results have been provided for the non-linear quarter vehicle suspension system using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The comparison between uncontrolled suspension systems, Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller based active suspension system, and active suspension system using Optimal Control based Intelligent Controller are presented and thoroughly explained.

[Jamil M, Janjua AA, Rafique I, Butt SI, Ayaz Y, Gilani SO. Optimal Control based Intelligent Controller for Active Suspension System. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):653-659] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 105

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.105

 

Key-words: Active Suspension System, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller, Optimal Control based Intelligent Controller, MATLAB/SIMULINK (Licensed Version)

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Evaluation of Hospital Information System (HIS) in General Hospitals: User Perspectives

 

Marjan Ghazisaeedi 1, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh 2, Reza Safdari 3, Roya Sharifian4, Azin Rahimi 5

 

1. PhD, faculty member of Health Information Management Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

2. PhD student of Health Information Management Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

3. PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Health Information Management Department Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

4. MSc faculty member of Health Information Management department Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

5. PhD of Teaching English, Assistant Professor, School of Allied-Health Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

* Corresponding author: nmohammadzadeh@razi.tums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Proper evaluation of information systems is essential. Evaluation should be considered as part of using the system process, which leads to the continuous improvement of information systems. If the evaluation is done from the perspective of users, successful development of measures and features related to the use and implementation of hospital information system and identifying areas that need further consideration should be provided. The aim of this study is the assessment of the viewpoints of physicians and nurses regarding the hospital information system (HIS) as well as defining the effective assessment criteria for their utilization and their satisfaction of the HIS. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in general educational hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2012- 2013. The main instrument is a questionnaire. Results: 68.3 % of the respondents in hospitals believed that the electronic system has more than 60% capabilities for entering the clinical test orders. In all hospitals, 44.3 % of the respondents stated that this system doesn’t increase their workload. Conclusions: User satisfaction is a guarantee for the implementation of the information system. To improve the situation and in order to move towards the ideal condition, it is suggested that users' needs be considered in HIS design and the system be compatible with the users' skills and knowledge as best as possible.

 [Ghazisaeedi M, Mohammadzadeh N, Safdari R, Sharifian R, Rahimi A. Evaluation of Hospital Information System (HIS) in General Hospitals: User Perspectives. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):660-663] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 106

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.106

 

Keywords: evaluation, hospital information systems, physician, nurse

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107

About the standards of development and the placement of pharmacy network in the Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Gulnar Utegenova1, Olga Blinova1, Clara Shertaeva1, Saken Tulemissov2, Malik Sapakbay1, Galiya Umurzakhova1, Kairat Zhakipbekov2

 

1South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Kazakhstan, Shymkent

2Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Kazakhstan, Almaty

kairat_phd@mail.ru

 

Abstract: This article presents the results of a retrospective and comparative analysis of the development of a retail pharmacy organization. On the basis of a current state of the organization of provision of medicines of the population in the conditions of market economy, taking into account the main tendencies of development of the pharmaceutical market need of development of standards of development and placement pharmaceutical establishments in the Republic of Kazakhstan is revealed. Major factors developments of pharmacy network, most influencing standard indicators are revealed. As a result of the step-by-step analysis the equations of the regression which have entered then into model on an indicator "Number of inhabitants on one pharmacy" in city and separately rural areas are received.

[Utegenova G., Blinova O., Shertaeva C., Tulemissov S., Sapakbay M., Umurzakhova G., Zhakipbekov K. About the standards of development and the placement of pharmacy network in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):664-672] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 107

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.107

 

Keywords: pharmacy, pharmaceutical market, placing pharmacy networks, retrospective and comparative analysis, the indicator "Number of inhabitants on one pharmacy"

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108

Steganography Based Authentication to Prevent IP Spoofing

 

Nosheen Fayyaz 1, Imranuddin2, Rahatullah2, Syed Usman Anwar2, Lala Rukh2

 

1. Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

2. Department of Computer Science, IBMS, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

imrandin@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The idea of the ancient Steganography technique is used for the prevention of IP spoofing. Previously the steganography was used by the hackers or intruders, but here it is used for a positive purpose to authenticate the user at the time of handshake and prevent the Denial of Service (DOS) attack and resolve the open connection problem. The Steganography authentication is applied within a domain, and is successful in the rejection of unauthorized packets. The system is used and recommended for the inter-domain operations, especially on gateways machines, in order to prevent unauthorized packets from entering into the Internet highway. The Steganography filters inside the domains and router-based filters in Internet can minimize the IP spoofing. By stopping IP spoofing, many attacks are either automatically incomplete or the attacker is forced to use legal machine, which can be traced back easily. This study is performed on the TCP (Transport Control Protocol)/IP (Internet Protocol) communication handshake technique to prevent IP spoofing.

[Fayyaz N, Imranuddin, Rahatullah, Anwar S.U, Rukh L. Steganography Based Authentication to Prevent IP Spoofing Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):673-677] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 108

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.108

 

Keywords: IP Spoofing, Hand Shake, steganography, DOS attack

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109

Demarcation of Fatigue Crack Cumulative Damage (Initiation + stage I) of Aluminum Alloy under Combined Loading

 

Rana Atta-ur-Rahman1, M. Ali Nasir1, Mudaser Ullah1, Riffat Asim Pasha1, Nazeer Ahmad Anjum1, Shahid Mehmood2, M. Muddassar3, Ilyas Farooqi1, Waqas Asghar1, M.Imran1

 

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, UET, Taxila, Pakistan

2Department of Mechatronics Engineering, UET, Taxila (Chakwal Campus), Pakistan

3Department of Mathematics, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

rana.attaurrahman@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: Fatigue crack initiation behaviors of casting aluminum alloys are viewed mainly on the basis of experimental results. Fatigue strength and crack initiation of the representative AA320 (UNS#03200) are also summarized with respect to surface temperature effects. Cumulative damage data is used to identify the two different regimes named as initiation and propagation. Load sequence effect is successfully applied to notify initiation phase life. Crack initiation at notch root and fatigue life is calculated under single step mechanical loading (ML) in phase I experiments and multistep ML and combined thermal cycling (CTC) is applied respectively in phase II & III experiments. From a comprehensive experimental details of each phase, the S-N curves are plotted and a comparison is made between crack lips segregation (initiation + stage I propagation) & propagation leading to failure under different ML with & without thermal loading (TL).

[Rana Atta-ur-Rahman, M. Ali Nasir, Mudaser Ullah, Riffat Asim Pasha, Nazeer Ahmad Anjum, Shahid Mehmood, M. Muddassar, Ilyas Farooqi, Waqas Asghar, M.Imran. Demarcation of Fatigue Crack Cumulative Damage (Initiation + stage I) of Aluminum Alloy under Combined Loading. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):678-683] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 109

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.109

 

Keywords: Fatigue Life Prediction, S-N Curves, Al Alloy

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Experimental versus design guideline predictions for confined strength and axial load carrying capacity of circular concrete cylinders wrapped with CFRP

 

Rana Faisal Tufail1, Dr Muhammad Yaqub2, Dr Qaiser uz Zaman Khan3, Syed Saqib Mehboob4, Mohammad Rameez Sohail5

 

1. Research Associate, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

2. Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

3. Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

4. Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

5. Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, Swedish College of Engineering and Technology, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

faisaltufail63@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This study presents the results of the comparison of the experimental values with the theoretical values of strength predictive design guidelines for the circular concrete cylinders wrapped with carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The comparison was carried out in terms of confined strength and axial load carrying capacity. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical predictions of North American design guidelines (American Concrete Institute ACI 440.2R-2008, Canadian Standard Association CSA-S806-02, Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures Canada ISIS MO4 2001), Concrete Society (TR-55) and European design guidelines, (fédération Internationale du béton fib Bulletin-14). This research identified the most and least conservative design guideline predictions for low, medium, normal and high strength concrete.

[Tufail R F, Yaqub M, Zaman Q U, Mehboob S S, Sohail R M. Experimental versus design guideline predictions for confined strength and axial load carrying capacity of circular concrete cylinders wrapped with CFRP. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):684-695] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 110

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.110

 

Key words: Compressive Strength, post-heated, unheated.

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Determination of the Prevalence of Helicobacter bilis by PCR in Iranian Mus musculus

 

Fatemi Masih1, Firoozinia Mohammad2, Maryam Hazeri2, Abbas Doosti1*

 

1 Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Iran, Email: masieh_fatemi_esf@yahoo.com

2Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 43300, Malaysia, Email: mohammadf8623@yahoo.com, maryamhazeri.1983@gmail.com

*Corresponding author: Abbas Doosti, Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: doosti.abbas@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Helicobacter bilis is a member of the murine enterohepatic Helicobacter spp which identified and isolated from bile, liver, and intestine of aged, inbred mice and associated with liver and Hepatobiliary tract disease in human patients. The aim of the present study was to investigation of the presence of Helicobacter species, particularly Helicobacter bilis for the first time in liver of Mus musculus in Isfahan province (center of Iran) by the molecular method. DNA was extracted from 300 wild mice liver specimen using the DNA Extraction Kit and Nested PCR was performed on template DNA and amplified products were separated on 1.5% agarose gel. From 300 liver samples which assayed, 204 (68%) samples were positive for genus Helicobacter and 118 (39.33%) samples were positive for Helicobacter bilis (P≤0.05). In conclusion, PCR technique can detect H. bilis DNA in liver samples of Mus musculus in the center of Iran and wild mice may be carrying zoonosis infection such as H. bilis. According to the results of this study, wild mice may be important source and the potential of carrying Zoonosis infection such as H.bilis. These data suggest Mus musculus may have the potential of carrying H.bilis and zoonotic microorganisms that can be infectious in humans.

 [Fatemi Masih, Firoozinia Mohammad, Maryam Hazeri, Abbas Doosti. Determination of the Prevalence of Helicobacter bilis by PCR in Iranian Mus musculus. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):696-702] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 111

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.111

 

Keywords: Helicobacter bilis, Nested PCR, Mus musculus, Iran

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An evaluation of social support and its influencing factors in the elderly of Bandar Abbas in 2013-2014

 

Masoumeh Hosseinian1, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery2*, Neda Amirkhosravi3

 

1Lecturer, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

*2Associate professor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

3Student in Master of Sciences in Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: adib1344@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Social support is considered as one of the most important factors in creating successful geriatrics. It can be counted as an effective factor in provision of elder people’s physical and mental health. Objectives: The present study was aimed at evaluating the rate of social support and its influencing factors in the elderly of Bandar Abbas in 2013-2014. Materials and Method: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study where 525 elderly individuals who live in Bandar Abbas were selected through cluster sampling. Data collection was conducted by applying a 23-item Phillips Social Support questionnaire and a demographic one. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive and analytical tests using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Out of the 525 studied subjects, 55.2% (290 subjects) were male and the rest were female. Mean age of the subjects was 65.60±6.27. Mean total score of social support was 65.06±14.07. Pearson correlation coefficient between age and total rate of social support was not significant (p=0.653). Moreover there was no significant relation between number of children and social support rate (p=0.092). However, there was a significant relation between number of daughters and social support rate (p=0.020). Conclusion: Social support rate in the elderly of Bandar Abbas was average; therefore, it is highly recommended that social support as an invaluable source should be enhanced through appropriate plans and programs.

[Masoumeh Hosseinian, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, Neda Amirkhosravi. An evaluation of social support and its influencing factors in the elderly of Bandar Abbas in 2013-2014. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):703-709](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 112

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.112

 

Keywords: social support; the elderly; Phillips Social Support Questionnaire

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Factors of the Spring Waters Formation and the Evolution of Spring Areas of West Kazakhstan

 

Kazhmurat Maksutovich Akhmedenov, Dinmuhamed Zhumabaevich Iskaliev, Sayagul Gusmanovna Akhmedenova

 

West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named of Zhangir Khan, Zhangir Khan Street 51, 090009, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. An estimate of the ecological state of the springs’ outlets in West Kazakhstan is given in the article. The research results and the GPS-positioning of groundwater outlets are given in the article. The analyses of foreign research of the springs have been carried out. The results of hydro-chemical and toxicological examination of 30 springs in West Kazakhstan are given in the article. A comparison of the springs parameters have been made. An estimate of the spring water chemistry formation is given in the article. The paper describes the content of cations and anions, heavy metals, oil products in hydro-geochemical samples of spring water in comparison with the sanitary standards and requirements to water quality. In some springs the MPC exceedance of cadmium and chromium has been revealed. The estimation of spring waters contamination by nitrates and the influence of various factors on its level has been accomplished. It was established that the low nitrates concentrations in water, which do not exceed the MPC are peculiar for majority of the studied springs. The “Risk factors” for the occurrence of nitrates in water are the close allocation of agricultural landscapes and the location of springs on the slopes of draws. The influence of anthropogenic factor on the condition of spring areas of the West Kazakhstan has been assessed. Three groups of springs have been distinguished according to the fracturing level of their natural state and to the character of anthropogenic impact.

[Akhmedenov K.M., Iskaliev D. Zh., Akhmedenova S.G. Factors of the Spring Waters Formation and the Evolution of Spring Areas of West Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):710-720]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 113

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.113

 

Keywords: Hydrology, hydrogeology, environmental-geochemical monitoring, natural groundwater outlets, spring, spring areas, debit, heavy metals, oil products, certification, ion composition, captureness, mineralization, anthropogenic stress.

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Horizontal Deformations of the Ural River Bed on the West Kazakhstan Territory

 

Nurlan Khabibullovich Sergaliev, Kazhmurat Maksutovich Akhmedenov, Gulzhian Ayupovna Kabdulova

 

West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named of Zhangir Khan, Zhangir Khan Street 51, 090009, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. A retrospective analysis of river bed deformations over the 30 years’ period for the Ural River in the West Kazakhstan in different environmental conditions have been carried out for the first time. A geomorphologic description of the Ural River bed and floodplain within the West Kazakhstan have been made. The dynamics of channel processes on the Ural river have been studied. The planned river bed adjustments of the Ural river have been determined. The article describes the results of sketch maps compilation and consolidation of the collected factual material related to the planned Ural river bed adjustments within the West Kazakhstan. The peculiarities of hydrologic and hydro chemical regimes of the Ural river have been reviewed. Main river bed types, peculiar to flat territories have been pointed: relatively straight lined, unbranched, meandering and divided. West Kazakhstan territory can be referred to the region with the medium ecologic stress in river beds and in floodplains

[Sergaliev N.K., Akhmedenov K.M., Kabdulova G.A. Horizontal Deformations of the Ural River Bed on the West Kazakhstan Territory. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):721-727] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 114

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.114

 

Keywords: River bed evolution, river bed, meander, the Ural river bed morphodynamics, river bed deformation appraisal, soil, floodplain, river bed adjustments, forecast, bed-formation factors, river beds, typification, meandering.

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Legal Support of Tourism Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Zachan Azhimetova1, Saltanat Sansyzbaykyzy2, Yerulan Azhimetov3

 

1Kazakh-Uzbek Engineering and Pedagogical University of Friendship of Peoples, Tole Bi st., 32, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

2South Kazakhstan Humanitarian Institute named after M. Saparbaev, Madeli Hodge st. 137, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

3International Kazakh-Turkish University named after H.A. Yasavi, Sattarhanov st., 29, Turkestan, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. In tourism sphere in the last decade there are the essential changes reflecting serious processes of social and economic and political transformations in Kazakhstan society. Tourism became an attractive branch for business. Tourist business in our country is in a stage of structural reorganization, institutional establishment, formation of intra-branch, and inter-branch, inter-regional and foreign economic relationships. The tourist infrastructure is improved, the corresponding segment of a labor market is formed, and the new system of state regulation of tourist activity is created. There are new approaches to state policy formation in tourism sphere; its development gradually becomes a priority national problem. For normal development of the tourist industry the operating tourist legislation is necessary. In this connection the major goal of the legislature should be activity on association of legal rules and procedures, concerning tourism, in the universal legislation providing perfection and enforcement of tourist laws. The law “On the tourist activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan” marked itself a new milestone in legal development of tourism. It became a basis, a core of legal system in tourism sphere. It is the unique special regulatory legal act possessing the higher legal force in the field of tourist relationships.

[Azhimetova Z., Sansyzbaykyzy S., Azhimetov Y. Legal Support of Tourism Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):728-731]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 115

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.115

 

Keywords: Kazakhstan, tourism, regulation.

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Business and Academia in Kazakhstan: living a cat and dog life? On reconstruction of education policy in Kazakhstan

 

Oxana Kirichok

 

International Academy of Business, 227 Rozybakiyev Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. The research identifies the challenges faced by Kazakhstani universities, and investigates the origins of the “lack of qualified personnel” problem in Kazakh companies during turbulent times. First, the research provides a general overview of the communication barriers between Academia and Business in Kazakhstan. Second, it reveals the graduate skills gap in Kazakhstan and finds out the extent to which the quality of graduates doesn’t meet the expectation of employers. The findings demonstrate that, along with practical experience and technology, universities expect financial support from businesses, but companies are very reluctant to invest. Businesses require experienced graduates, cutting edge technologies, and a good return on their investments from universities. Since returns on investments are not guaranteed, companies do not pay. The priceless experience of our ancestors shows that if you need something cutting edge, you have to pay; if you get it free of charge, do not expect anything good from it. The situation is similar with employees: got them for free – teach them yourself! The old “natural exchange”, when a company gives money to universities and universities deliver qualified employees, seems to be forgotten in its simplicity nowadays.

[Kirichok O. Business and Academia in Kazakhstan: living a cat and dog life? On reconstruction of education policy in Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):732-737]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 116

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.116

 

Keywords: Kazakhstan, graduates, business.

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Nomadism as a way of life in the Kazakh literature and culture by the example of the modern Kazakh novels

 

Kadisha Rustembekovna Nurgali and Julduz. Kalybekovna Kishkenbaeva

 

L.N.Gumilev Eurasian National University, street Kazhymukan, d.2, Astana city010008, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. Historical studies, concerning the issues of the past, has been trying to answer the burning questions of our time. The past helps us to draw a parallel between the past and the present and to understand reality more and more. Historical personalities, nomadic world, medieval towns are the major subjects touching upon in the modern writers’ works. The aim of the article is to present the interpretation of the great scholar and philosopher Abu Nasr al-Farabi in the novels “The Returning of the Teacher” written by A. Alimzhanov and “Al-Farabi” written by D. Doszhanov.

[Nurgali K.R., Kishkenbaeva J.K. Nomadism as a way of life in the Kazakh literature and culture by the example of the modern Kazakh novels. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):738-741]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 117

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.117

 

Keywords: Turkic civilization, Kazakh literature, nomads, nomadism, al-Farabi

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Modern Concepts of Formation and Development of Tax Capacity of the Region

 

Violetta Victorovna Roschupkina

 

North Caucasian Federal University, Pushkina Street, 1, 355000, Stavropol, Russia

 

Abstract. The existing budgetary tax legislation and the developed system of the interbudgetary relations considerably limit possibilities of the territory at establishment of indicators of profitable base of the regional budget and predetermine a budgetary tax policy orientation. In the theoretical relation tools and ways of accumulation of budgetary and tax resources of the territory should be defined as the mechanism of formation of tax capacity of the region. Strategy of formation of tax potential – set of perspective actions and ways of the solution of the tasks connected with development of budgetary and tax system, improvement of the tax legislation, expansion of tax base, minimization of "shadow" activity of tax agents. Tactics of formation of tax potential – set of the current actions of a tax policy and ways of the solution of the short-term tasks connected with management of tax base, regulation of the relations of tax authorities and taxpayers, control of overall performance of tax authorities, development of actions for decrease in level of a shortage and debt on tax payments in the budget. Tactical and strategic problems of formation of tax capacity of the region allow to develop now measures of decrease in tax loading at taxpayers.

[Roschupkina V.V. Modern Concepts of Formation and Development of Tax Capacity of the Region. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):742-745]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 118

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.118

 

Keywords: Tax potential, formation concept, tax system.

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Professional development of young teachers in the conditions of a small school

 

Zhanar Manatbekovna Baigozhina1, Botakoz Gabdullovna Sarsembayeva1, Zhanat Zhenisbekovna Aitpaeva2, Gulzhan Muhametkalievna Gauriyeva3, Gulnara Turlybekovna Tasbulatova4, Dzhanat Zhantemirovich Sakenov1

 

1Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Toraygyrov St. 113-30, 140006, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

2EastKazakhstan State University named after S. Amanzholov, Ust - Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan

3Eurasian National University named after L. Gumilev, Astana, Kazakhstan

4Department for Control of Education Akmola region, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan

sakenov0613@mail.ru

 

Abstract: The small school locates in article, as comprehensive school with the small contingent of the pupils, the combined classes sets and with a specific form of the organization of occupations. The small school owing to the specifics possesses a number of advantages to professional development of young teachers before the usual: profound knowledge teachers of specific features and living conditions of each pupil, great opportunities for collaboration with a family, actually individual training in classes that considerably increases efficiency of professional development of young teachers and their professional formation as teachers of school. The pedagogical conditions promoting professional development of young teachers in the conditions of a small school are defined and checked in practice.

[Baigozhina Zh.M., Sarsembayeva B.G., Aitpaeva Zh.Zh., Gauriyeva G.M., Tasbulatova G.T., Sakenov D.Zh. Professional development of young teachers in the conditions of a small school. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):746-749]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 119

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.119

 

Keywords: Small school, professional development.

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Problems of Development of Tourist Relationships Legal Regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Saltanat Sansyzbaykyzy1, Zachan Azhimetova2, Yerulan Azhimetov3

1South Kazakhstan Humanitarian Institute named after M. Saparbaev, Madeli Hodge st. 137, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

 

2Kazakh-Uzbek Engineering and Pedagogical University of Friendship of Peoples, Tole Bi st., 32, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

3International Kazakh-Turkish University named after H.A. Yasavi, Sattarhanov st., 29, Turkestan, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. In the modern world tourism is considered as social and economic phenomenon, having direct and mediated impact on development of all infrastructures connected with it. But, in the Republic of Kazakhstan which has enormous tourist resources, tourism has not reached a level of development adequate to the potential possibilities yet. Tourist objects are no longer used as a result of undeveloped state of tourist services infrastructure, imperfection of mechanisms of state regulation at its various levels, absence of motivation for private investments into the tourist markets and effective methods of the economic analysis of the country tourist complexes. The civil legislation did not contain the positions characterizing the relationships in sphere of tourism in the recent past. However, in foreign countries legal regulation of tourist activity takes a worthy place, the increasing share of its incomes testifies to it in the world economy. Tourism formation in Kazakhstan as an economy branch will contribute not only in development of the tourist industry, but also in more successful reforming of whole economic system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The problems of tourist complex management, adaptations of foreign experience of tourism development are actively discussed by modern researchers.

[Sansyzbaykyzy S., Azhimetova Z., Azhimetov Y. Problems of Development of Tourist Relationships Legal Regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):750-753]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 120

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.120

 

Keywords: Modern world, Kazakhstan, tourism, regulation, management.

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Territorial Cores of the Steppe Vegetation Recovery in West Kazakhstan Region

 

Nurlan Khabibullovich Sergaliev, Kazhmurat Maksutovich Akhmedenov, Raushan Kauysovna Amenova

 

West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named of Zhangir Khan, Zhangir Khan Street 51, 090009, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. The geobotanic and floristic characteristics of steppe lands are given in the article. On the West Kazakhstan territory there have been distinguished 41 remained key steppe areas, serving as the resource base for the collection of seeds for the seed-plot. The analysis of life-forms has been carried out, and the vegetation of the key steppe areas has been described. Key steppe areas of the secondary steppes within the West Kazakhstan region have been identified. Geobotanical description of steppe standards has been done. Steppe standards are the source of seed fund for the formation of wild steppe flora nursery at the experimental site. Tracts of secondary steppe on lands not in use are characterized on the grounds of field expedition observations, their conservational value and prospects of steppe natural areas of preferential protection development are apprised.

[Sergaliev N.Kh., Akhmedenov K.M., Amenova R.K. Territorial Cores of the Steppe Vegetation Recovery in West Kazakhstan Region. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):754-760]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 121

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.121

 

Keywords: Steppe standard; layland; new land; seed fund; nursery, agrarian lands not in use, stock of unclaimed land, stock of little claimed land, secondary steppe, dynamics of sown areas, natural area of preferential protection.

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Control of DFIG for improvement of voltage regulation in a power system using recurrent neural networks

 

Ali Asghar Shojaei*, Mohd Fauzi Othman, Rasoul Rahmani, Masoud Samadi

 

Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robots, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Shojaei2012@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This article focuses on the voltage control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbines using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The paper also compares the performance of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and DFIG systems, subject to the line to ground fault. The RNN is used in two main parts which are RNN Identifier (RNNI) and RNN Controller (RNNC). Performance of the DFIG is simulated and analyzed with and without the RNN controller. In this study, voltage regulation on Recurrent Neural Network is designed to control for a standard multi-machine power system. The results demonstrated significant improvement in the voltage regulation using the RNN controller for DFIG in the power system.

[Ali Asghar Shojaei, Mohd Fauzi Othman, Rasoul Rahmani, Masoud Samadi. Control of DFIG for improvement of voltage regulation in a power system using recurrent neural networks. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):761-769]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 122

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.122

 

Keyword: Recurrent neural network, control, DFIG, voltage regulation, STATCOM.

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Effect of CFRP Confinement on Plain and Reinforced Concrete Square Columns

 

M. Faizan Tahir1, M. Yaqub2, Imran Bukhari3, M. Usman Arshid4, M. Rameez Sohail5

 

1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan

2, 4. Assistant Professors, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan

3. Director Research & Development Organization, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

5. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

m_faizan_tahir@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper describes an experimental study that evaluates the effectiveness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) confinement on the axial compressive strength of plain and reinforced concrete square columns. For this purpose eight concrete square columns were experimented under axial compression load. The tested specimens were divided into two groups. The first group contained four plain concrete square columns while the second group comprised four reinforced concrete square columns. In each group two columns were tested as control specimens without CFRP wrapping and the remaining two columns of each group were tested after wrapping with a single layer of CFRP jacketing. The results of the CFRP wrapped specimens for each group were compared with their control un-wrapped specimens in terms of gain in axial load strength. The results showed that the CFRP confinement is more effective for enhancing the axial load carrying capacity of the un-reinforced concrete square columns compared to the reinforced concrete square columns. Furthermore, the axial load carrying capacity of the plain concrete CFRP wrapped square columns was increased up to or even more than the level of un-wrapped reinforced concrete square columns.

[Muhammad Faizan Tahir, Muhammad Yaqub, Imran Bukhari, Muhammad Usman Arshid, Muhammad Rameez Sohail. Effect of CFRP Confinement on Plain and Reinforced Concrete Square. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):770-777]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 123

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.123

 

Keywords: CFRP; confinement; longitudinal reinforcement; reinforced cement concrete; plain cement concrete.

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Design Guidelines Review for CFRP Confinement of Plain and Reinforced Concrete Square Columns

 

M. Faizan Tahir1, M. Yaqub2, Imran Bukhari3, Faheem Butt4, Adnan Ashraf 5

 

1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan

2, 4. Assistant Professors, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan

3. Director Research & Development Organization, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan

5. Research Associate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan

m_faizan_tahir@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The results of the five well known international design guidelines were reviewed for the plain and reinforced concrete square columns wrapped with a single layer of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP). The experimental results were compared with the values obtained using North American design guidelines (American Concrete Institute ACI 440.2R-2008, Canadian Standard Association CSA-S806-02, Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures Canada ISIS MO4 2001), Concrete Society (TR-55) and European design guidelines, (fédération Internationale du béton fib Bulletin-14) in terms of confined compressive strength and the gain in axial load carrying capacity for the plain and reinforced concrete square columns. The results of this study indicated that for the plain concrete square columns, all the design guidelines were more conservative compared to the reinforced concrete square columns both in terms of CFRP confined compressive strength and the gain in axial load carrying capacity.

[Muhammad Faizan Tahir, Muhammad Yaqub, Imran Bukhari, Faheem Butt, Adnan Ashraf. Design Guidelines Review for CFRP Confinement of Plain and Reinforced Concrete Square Columns. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):778-790]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 124

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.124

 

Keywords: CFRP; square columns; Carbon fibre reinforced polymer; design guidelines.

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Effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Confinement on the Fire Damaged and Un-heated Reinforced Concrete Square Columns

 

M. Faizan Tahir1, M. Yaqub2, Imran Bukhari3, R. Faisal Tufail4, Arslan Tahir5

 

1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan

3. Director Research & Development Organization, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

4. Research Associate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan

5. Undergraduate Student, Department of Engineering, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

m_faizan_tahir@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents the results of the experimental study for the un-heated and fire damaged reinforced concrete square columns confined with a single layer of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) jacket. A total of four un-heated reinforced concrete square columns, two unconfined control specimens and two CFRP confined square columns were tested under axial compression. The experimental data of the four fire damaged reinforced concrete square columns, two unconfined fire damaged control specimens and two CFRP confined fire damaged square columns tested under axial compression were selected from the already published research study. The results of the experimental tested data of un-heated reinforced concrete square columns were compared with the published data of the fire damaged reinforced concrete square columns in terms of confined compressive strength and the gain in axial load bearing capacity. The results showed that a single layer of CFRP jacket is more effective for enhancing the confined compressive strength and the axial load bearing capacity of the fire damaged square reinforced concrete columns compared to un-heated reinforced concrete square columns.

[Muhammad Faizan Tahir, Muhammad Yaqub, Imran Bukhari, Rana Faisal Tufail, Arslan Tahir. Effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Confinement on the Fire damaged and Un-heated Reinforced Concrete Square Columns. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):791-799]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 125

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.125

 

Keywords: CFRP; confinement; reinforced concrete; fire damaged concrete; un-heated concrete; square columns.

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Current model of social protection of the population in Kazakhstan and the ways to optimize it

 

Maral Iskakbayeva 1, Roza Kuzembekova1, Aigul Sadvakassova2

 

1PhD candidate, Kazakh Economic University T. Ryskulov, Kazakhstan.

2Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, High School of Business "EurAsia", President, Kazakhstan

kairat_phd@mail

 

Abstract: The basic models of social protection of population and foreign experience of their introduction are considered in the article. The state of social protection of population and formation of its current model in Kazakhstan are analyzed. The algorithm of efficiency estimate of social protection model application is offered.

[Iskakbayeva M., Kuzembekova R., Sadvakassova A. Current model of social protection of the population in Kazakhstan and the ways to optimize it. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):800-803]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 126

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.126

 

Keywords: model of social protection, algorithm, estimation of efficiency, population, introduction, optimization.

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Current situation and specific trends of the labour market development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Aida Kabdulovna Abzhatova

 

Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, The Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty

kairat_phd@mail

 

Abstract: Purpose – The paper considers the problem of unemployment in the country. On Based on national statistics agency material held analysis of the unemployed population by age and level of education. The author also pays attention to the contemporary government regulation of the labor market in Kazakhstan. Methodology – The study used the following methods of economic research: monographic and Statistical analysis of data for the period 2011-2013. Originality/value – Held a deep and comprehensive analysis of the current situation on the labor market, the basic problems inherent in Kazakhstan's labor market. Findings – In this paper we attempt to analyze both theoretical and practical aspects of such an integral part of the market economy as the labor market.

[Abzhatova A.K. Current situation and specific trends of the labour market development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):804-810]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 127

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.127

 

Keywords: labor market, employment, unemployment, risk, youth unemployment, self-employed.

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Protection of women’s rights is social requirements

 

Yerali Abdikarim and Kulmira Abenovna Baimuratova

 

International Kazakh-Turkish University H. A. Yasavi, B. Sattarhanova Prospect, 29, Turkestan, South Kazakhstan Province, 161200, Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. Protection of the mother and the child rights as an important principle of social policy is one of the most important structural components of modern social policy. The future of our country is directly related to education and upbringing of child grown up in families. In his address to the nation on December 14, 2012, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev spoke about the need to treat with special attention, first of all, to the upbringing of girls, as «Girl, a woman has always been a full member of our society, and mother is its most revered person». The article deals with the legal issues of women's rights. It also includes the legal issues of respect for the girls according to Kazakh national traditions, bans on public and domestic violence, relationship to the woman as an equal member of society.

[Abdikarim Y., Baimuratova K.A. Protection of women’s rights is social requirements. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):811-815]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 128

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.128

 

Keywords: Hijab, «Ukili Takiya» (skullcap, decorated with owl feathers) «Borik» (headdress) made of beaver, «Saukele» (Kazakh national headdress), «Syngsu» (lamentation), «Kursak shashu» (custom to scatter gifts at the first pregnancy), «Bessik Toi» (occasion when the baby is first placed in the cradle), «Sundet Toi» (rite of circumcision), gender policy, violation of women's rights and domestic violence.

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Theoretico-methodological reasoning of the model of formation research activity competences of border service academy graduates

 

Larissa Anatolyevna Biryuk

 

Academy of the Border service of Committee of National Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Dostyk Ave., 103, 050020, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract. The author considers the issue of formation research activity competence of future cadets in the system of military education. This issue is up-to-date because of the necessity to increase the quality of military specialists’ training. The solution, in the author's opinion, is in realization of the model of scientific and research competence of military school cadets.

[Biryuk L.A. Theoretico-methodological reasoning of the model of formation research activity competences of border service academy graduates. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):816-819]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 129

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.129

 

Keywords: Level of cadet's training, research activity of cadets, class and out-of-class forms of work, research activity competence, instructional-research and research activity work, the model of completeness of competence of a cadet in research activity

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Use of dairy raw materials and fat in producing meat products

 

Altyngul Kumashevna Кhaymuldinova, Аigul Imangalievna Bulasheva and Galikhan Serdalinovich Eszhanov

 

Kokshetauskiy im.Sh.Ualihanova State University, str. Kuanysheva 170 (a), Kokshetau 000020, Akmola region, Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: This article describes the composition and properties of the secondary raw milk – whey, its nutrition and biological value and the necessity of full and efficient use of the principles of non-waste technology is emphasized. Several researchers paid attention to the specific properties of horse fat and its widespread use for medicinal purposes. It was established that the horse fat contains large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which, depending on the type of feeding and living conditions of animals ranges from 20 % to 25 %. This article is intended for dairy business professionals, specialists in the processing of agricultural raw materials and food agricultural industries of Agro industrial complex IC).

[Кhaymuldinova A.K., Bulasheva A.I., Eszhanov G.S. Use of dairy raw materials and fat in producing meat products. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):820-823]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 130

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.130

 

Keywords: Milk, whey, milk sugar, protein fraction, whey, whey curd, horse fat.

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Technology of Modeling Practical Class when Teaching Russian as Foreign Language in Kazakhstan

 

Bikesh Revovna Оspanova, Meruert Arstanovna Gazaliyeva and Zhanat Amantayevna Аzimbayeva

 

Karaganda State Technical University, Mira blvd, 56, 100027, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The article deals with a present day model of foreign students teaching Russian at the Republic of Kazakhstan higher school institutions. The authors consider the matters of developing a model of a present day class in the teaching process permitting to bring teaching Russian as a foreign language to a qualitatively new level. For the effective functioning of the suggested model of foreign students teaching Russian it is necessary to use in complex all its components and obligatory observation of pedagogical conditions. In the article there are analyzed the basic components of the model, presented their brief characteristic.

[Ospanova B.R., Gazaliyeva M.A., Аzimbayeva Zh. A. Technology of Modeling Practical Class when Teaching Russian as Foreign Language in Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):824-827]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 131

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.131

 

Keywords: Russian as a foreign language, modeling, teaching process, components, methods, education, technologies, teaching, study, motivation.

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The Study and Management of Reliability Parameters for Automotive Equipment Using Simulation Modeling

 

Rifat Gabdulkhakovich Khabibullin1, Irina Viktorovna Makarova1, Eduard Irekovich Belyaev1, Ilnar Fargatovich Suleimanov1, Saken Sadibekovich Pernebekov2, Ussen Assilbekovich Ussipbayev2, Aitmukamed Sagimbekovich Junusbekov2, Zetbek Agabekovich Balabekov2

 

1Kazan Federal University, Syuyumbike Ave., 10A, Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan, 423812, Russia

2M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan

saken_uko@mail.ru.

 

Abstract. The author considers the issue of formation research activity competence of future cadets in the system of military education. This issue is up-to-date because of the necessity to increase the quality of military specialists’ training. The solution, in the author's opinion, is in realization of the model of scientific and research competence of military school cadets.

[Khabibullin R.G., Makarova I.V., Belyaev E.I., Suleimanov I.F., Pernebekov S.S., Ussipbayev U.A., Junusbekov A.S., Zetbek Agabekovich Balabekov Z.A. The Study and Management of Reliability Parameters for Automotive Equipment Using Simulation Modeling. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):828-831]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 132

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.132

 

Keywords: Automotive equipment reliability, failure prediction, the analysis of reclamations, information system, simulation modeling

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Calculation of the Interaction of Working Body of Road Machine with the Surface

 

Mikhail Vasilievich Doudkin, Andrey Vladimirovich Vavilov, Sergey Yurievich Pichugin and Sergey Nikolaevich Fadeyev

 

D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Protozanova st., 69, 070004, Kazakhstan

london_690@mail.ru

 

Abstract: The paper contains the analyses of the road roller with the flexible shell structure operability and calculation of strength and traction coefficient alteration for road surface compacting. Significant complicacy and variety of mechanical properties of contacting bodies (the road roller operating element and deformed ground) have resulted in appearance of different schemes and their interaction. At the same time, analytical solutions concerning the contact of shifting roll with compacted material have not been carried to the logical completion for the opportunity of their practical use by engineers-designers. There is still an urgent problem of recording and functional approximation of shearing (tangent) contact pressures that along with normal stress that significantly impact on drag coefficient and deflected mode of the road surface under the roll rolling conditions.The absence of general of compacting theory methodology stimulates the designers of road-building machines to create different approximate methods of machines calculation; the number of methods now can be comparable with the range of proposed road roller designs.

[Doudkin M.V., Vavilov A.V., Pichugin S.Y., Fadeyev S.N. Calculation of the Interaction of Working Body of Road Machine with the Surface. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):832-837]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 133

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.133

 

Keywords: Road roller, flexible roll, contact pressure

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Improvement of quality of vocational training of students (on the basis of courses of humanitarian and ecological cycles)

 

Zulfiyya Shavalievna Shavalieva, Ajgul Nasyrovna Ahmuldinova, Kulgadisha Grigoryevna Isinbayeva, Gulsum Sagyndykovna Ayapbergenova, Zhuldyz Erkinovna Alibayeva, Dzhanat Zhantemirovich Sakenov

 

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Toraygyrov St. 113-30, 140006, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

sakenov0613@mail.ru

 

Abstract: The main directions of improvement of quality of vocational training of students locate in article on the basis of courses of humanitarian and ecological cycles where quality of vocational training of students is presented in the form of the theoretical model constructed on the basis of the structural analysis of training as process of active purposeful interaction between teachers and students. In work the complex of didactic means (tests, programs of answers, information cards), providing improvement of quality of vocational training of students is developed and standardized. Set of indicators of quality of vocational training of students in the higher education institution, the components of educational process revealed taking into account the main components on the basis of courses of humanitarian and ecological cycles is developed. Dynamics of quality of knowledge, skills of students in the course of vocational training on the basis of courses of humanitarian and ecological cycles is presented.

[Shavalieva Z.Sh., Ahmuldinova AN., Isinbayeva K.G., Ayapbergenova G.S., Alibayeva Zh.E., Sakenov D.Zh. Improvement of quality of vocational training of students (on the basis of courses of humanitarian and ecological cycles). Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):838-841]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 134

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.134

 

Keywords: Quality of vocational training of students, courses of humanitarian and ecological cycles.

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The increase of the gold heap leaching effectiveness on Archangelskoye field

 

Alexander Egorovich Vorobev1, Artem Valerevich Anikin2 and Tatiana Vladimirovna Chekushina3

 

1People's Friendship University of Russia, st. Miklucho-Maklaja, 6; Moscow,

117198 Russia

2JSC “Vasil’evskiy rudnik” (Moscow office), Mayerchak St. of 8 of Art. 9. Krasnoyarsk, 660075, Russia

3Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, Krjukovskij tupik, 4, Moscow, 111020 Russian

 

Abstract: Problems and prospects of development of gold mining and organizational actions for increase in economic efficiency of production of gold in Russia are presented. The technology of production of gold by methods of the geo-technology on an Archangelskoye field is shown. There is an often situation in the practice of goldfields development when gold ore, taking that it is rich but little, can be adequately processed at GRP (gold recovery plant) instead of in-place heap leaching performing. In order to maintain the stable work of GRP and provide the loaded coal desorption from heap leaching, the optimal variant is to buy the additional desorption and electrolysis plant, similar to one already running at the current GRP.

[Vorobev A.E., Anikin A.V., Chekushina T.V. The increase of the gold heap leaching effectiveness on Archangelskoye field. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):842-845]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 135

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.135

 

Keywords: Gold heap, effectiveness, stacker, technology, gold ore.

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Monitoring of factors of ecological safety of urbanized territories’ population (by example of settlements of Voronezh Region)

 

Sergey Alexandrovich Yeprintsev, Semyon Alexandrovich Kurolap, Igor Vladimirovich Komov, Ivan Vasil’yevich Minnikov

 

Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya ploshchad’, 1, 394006, Voronezh, Russia

 

Abstract. In Voronezh region there were analysed factors determining ecological safety of territory’s population. Using stationary and mobile sources in different parts of the Voronezh region, atmospheric pollution has been studied on the basis of long-term observations. The degree of the soil contamination as an indicator of environmental quality has been evaluated. The cadastre of objects of ecological risk has been compiled. Using GIS technologies a comprehensive zoning of the Voronezh region has been done according to the level of geochemical pollution of natural environments. The zones of ecological and geochemical anomalies have been revealed. The specific contribution of different factors in the formation of integral value of population ecological safety has been defined.

[Yeprintsev S.A., Kurolap S.A., Komov I.V., Minnikov I.V. Monitoring of factors of ecological safety of urbanized territories’ population (by example of settlements of Voronezh Region). Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):846-848]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 136

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.136

 

Keywords: Monitoring factors of ecological safety, environmental risk, urbanized areas, pollution of the atmosphere and soil.

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Information Technologies for Designing the Surveillance System to Monitor Caspian Sea Water Contamination

 

Mereke Bapanovna Zhumadilova

 

Caspian State University of Technologies and Engineering named after Sh. Esenov, Aktau city, 32 mcr., Mangystau region, 130003, Respublic of Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The ecological system of the Caspian Sea, where both Kazakhstan and foreign companies are extracting hydrocarbon crude, is currently in a pre-crisis state, and there is a real risk of its further deterioration due to constant intervention, including the planned development of shallow waters in the north-eastern part of the Caspian Sea. Kazakh part of the Caspian Sea requires state regulation in the field of environmental monitoring. This needs the application of systematic approach to environmental issues, which involves community health and environmental surveillance system, recording of obtained data, forecasting, and ability to actively influence the situation. The application of databases, created to collect information, as well as monitoring the current situation allows one to identify pollution focuses with sufficient accuracy and develop the adequate control monitoring in order to provide prompt response.

[Zhumadilova M.B. The Information Technologies for Designing the Surveillance System to Monitor Caspian Sea Water Contamination. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):849-854]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 137

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.137

 

Keywords: Environmental monitoring, the Caspian Sea, environmental quality objectives, forecasting, seal mortality, deterioration of ecosystem, biosystem, the Caspian Sea ecosystem.

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Risk of Sleep Apnea in Stable Methadone Maintenance Treatment Patients and Opium-dependent Patients

 

Habibolah Khazaie; MD, Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami; MD, Farid Najafi; MD, PhD, Marzie Nasouri; MSc, Atena Azami; MD, Behnam Khaledi-Paveh * MSc

 

Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

*Corresponding author:

Behnam Khaledi-Paveh * MSc

Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Address: Farabi hospital, Dolatabad blv, Kermanshah, Iran

E-mail: bkhaledipaveh@kums.ac.ir

Tel: +98-8318260700

 

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of sleep apnea in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment and opium dependent patients without treatment. sixty five patients in MMT group and 61 patients in opium dependent group were selected from among the patients undergoing MMT and new patients referring to MMT who have not received treatment. The Berlin questionnaire was used to evaluate the risk of sleep apnea. The results indicated that twenty one patients in MMT group (32.3%) and 24 patients in opium dependent group (36.9%) classified as high risk for sleep apnea. there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the risk of sleep apnea (P value=0.41). we conclude that use of methadone maintenance treatment for quitting opium dependency does not increase the risk of sleep apnea.

[Habibolah Khazaie, Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami, Farid Najafi, Marzie Nasouri, Atena Azami, Behnam Khaledi-Paveh. Risk of Sleep Apnea in Stable Methadone Maintenance Treatment Patients and Opium-dependent Patients. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):855-858]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 138

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.138

 

Keywords: Opium, Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Sleep Apnea.

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Determining seroprevelence of Toxoplasma gondii in girls referring to counseling centers before marriage in the city of Yasuj in the year 1391

 

Asghar Ghorbani1,AbolghasemHadi Niya2, GhamarTaj Khatayi3,Reza Mohammadi4, Janmohammad Malekzadeh4, KanaanGorjipour5,Abdoul Ali Moshfe6, Ali Keshtkari7*, Hamid Reza Ghafarian Shirazi2, 4

 

1Residents of Children’s Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran,

2Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,

3 Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,

4 Herbal Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,

5 Medical Immunology Department of ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,

6 Parasitology Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,

7 Department of Pediatrics,Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Ali Keshtkari, Email: keshtkari@yums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Regarding the serious dangers of Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, the purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of seroprevelence to Toxoplasma gondii in girls referring to counseling centers before marriage in t e city of Yasuj. in this study, a number of 410 blood samples were taken from women who visited Ashrafi Esfahani Medical Center in Yasuj for routine pregnancy tests. Consequently, ELISA method was utilized to assess the presence of IgG and IgM against Toxoplasma gondii. In addition, other toxoplasma demographic and infection risk factors were gathered via surveys. The data were analyzed using chi-squared statistical test. A number of 36 cases (9 percent) of total had positive IgG titers and 4 cases (1 percent) had positive IgMtiters against Toxoplasma. There was no significant relation between the positive cases of IgG and IgM against Toxoplasma and the level of education, residence, occupation and not using gloves when working with soil and chopping meat or having pet cats or direct contact with cats. This study showed that in more than 90 percent of women in pregnancy ages in the city of Yasuj, there is no antibody present against Toxoplasma, thus holding the required education classes during pregnancy and giving the required medical recommendations seems to be necessary.

[Asghar Ghorbani,AbolghasemHadi Niya, GhamarTaj Khatayi,Reza Mohammadi, Janmohammad Malekzadeh, KanaanGorjipour,Abdoul Ali Moshfe, Ali Keshtkari, Hamid Reza Ghafarian Shirazi. Determining seroprevelence of Toxoplasma gondii in girls referring to counseling centers before marriage in the city of Yasuj in the year 1391. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):859-863]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 139

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.139

 

Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis, Pregnancy ages, Prevalence.

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First survey on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among dwellers of Musian district, Dehloran County, Southwestern of Iran, 2011.

 

Ahmad Vahabi1, Yavar Rassi1*, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi1, Boshra Vahabi2, Sina Rafizadeh3, Sirvan Sayyad4

 

1Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sanandaj, Iran

3Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

4Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran

*Corresponding Author: rassiy@tums.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an important public health problem in Dehloran county, Southwestern of Iran. The knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on disease has not been studied in this area. This survey was carried out among 423 residents of 5 villages involved by disease. The study was a cross-sectional analytical survey. A questioner with 30 questions was prepared to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of the respondents about cutaneous leishmaniasis. Altogether, 405 (95.7%) of respondents completed the questioners. One hundred and eighty (44.4%) of them were men and the rest (55.6%) were women. The mean ± SD age of the cases were equal to 23.81 ± 14.83 years old. Only 47.9% of the population studied were aware about the disease. Less than 40% of the cases revealed that, sand fly is the vector of the disease. Almost, 47% of them had used drugs, insecticide sprays, repellents and bed net to protect themselves. Chi-square test indicated a significant difference between age and awareness about the disease (p<0.0001). The results of present study revealed that it is necessary to prepare and organize a suitable health educational course for family members in this region.

[Ahmad Vahabi, Yavar Rassi, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Boshra Vahabi, Sina Rafizadeh, Sirvan. First survey on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among dwellers of Musian district, Dehloran County, Southwestern of Iran, 2011. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):864-868]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 140

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.140

 

Keywords: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, KAP, Ilam.

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An Epidemiological Survey of Head Louse Infestation Among Primary School children in Rural Areas of Ravansar County, West of Iran

 

Mahnaz Sayyadi1, Ahmad Vahabi2*, Sirvan Sayyad3

 

1Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Ghods Hospital, Paveh, Iran

*2Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

3Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran

*Correspondence author email: vahabiahmad@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is an obligate wingless insect that transmitted from a person to another, thorough physical contacts. Pediculusis is a health problem that is affect schoolchildren especially in poor countries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence rate of pediculosis among primary schoolchildren and its associated factors in rural areas of Ravansar County. The sample size was 385 girl students in 6 villages, including Quri Qaleh, Boz gureh, Qeshlaq, Mansur-e Aqai, Shahrak-e Serias and Tazehabad-e Serias. A questionnaire that included questions relating to the following: age, school grade, socio-economic status, parent’s job, level of parents’ education and family size was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with proper statistical test. 61 (15.8%) of the examined students were infested to head louse. The most prevalent infestation was observed in 8-9 year-old students and the lowest infestation were reported in students of ≥12 years old. There was a significant statistical relationship between head louse infestation and some related factors such as mother’s education, frequency of hair washing, using common comb (p<0.05). The results of the present survey and many studies in Iran and foreign countries show that head louse infestation is a cosmopolitan health problem with different prevalence rates regionally but it remains as a considerable pediatric problem.

[Mahnaz Sayyadi, Ahmad Vahabi, Sirvan Sayyad. An Epidemiological Survey of Head Louse Infestation Among Primary School children in Rural Areas of Ravansar County, West of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):869-872]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 141

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.141

 

Keywords: Pediculosis capitis, head louse infestation, capitis, Pediculus humanus capitis, Iran

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An Entomological survey of Phlebotomine Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, West of Iran

 

Mahnaz Sayyadi1, Ahmad Vahabi2,3, Sirvan Sayyad4, Alireza Gharib5 and Boshra Vahabi6*

 

1Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Ghods Hospital, Paveh, Iran

2Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

4Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran

5Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

*6Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sanandaj, Iran

*Correspondence author: boshravahabi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Phlebotomine sand flies are biological vectors of leishmaniasis in some regions of Iran. In order to determine fauna and species combination of sand flies, an investigation was carried out in Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. Sand flies collected in 3 villages of Ravansar County from June to October of 2008. The specimens were collected, using 900 sticky traps. Collected sand flies conserved in 70% ethanol and mounted in Puri's medium. To identification of specimens, key of sand flies was used. Totally 4645 (57.6% male and 42.4% female) from outdoors (58%) and indoors (42%) were collected and 9 species including Phlebotomus papatasi, P.alexandri, P.sergenti, P.major, P.perfilliwi, Sergentomyia sintoni, S.dentata, S.antennata and S.theodori were identified. P.papatasi was predominant species in the region with 51.2% all of collected sand flies and S.theodori with 0.2% of all specimens had the lowest frequency in this area. It is recommended to eliminate rodents, especially wild rodents at least 300-500 meters around the villages. Health education about use of bed nets in the evening can prevent the residents from sand flies bites.

[ Mahnaz Sayyadi, Ahmad Vahabi, Sirvan Sayyad, Alireza Gharib and Boshra Vahabi, An Entomological survey of Phlebotomine Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, West of Iran.. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):873-877]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 142

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.142

 

Keywords: Sand fly, Fauna, Distribution, Leishmaniasis, Kermanshah, Iran.

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Sensitivity Analysis of Design Variables of Flexible Pavement Design Equation in the AASHTO 1993 Design Guide

 

Mujaddad Afzal1, Imran Hafeez1, Bilal Zaidi1, Kashif Riaz1, Anwar Khitab2, Aneeqa Hayat1, Imran Khan1, Usman Farooqi1, Amara Asif1

 

1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan.

kashif.riaz@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: Although mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide based on National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) is available for pavement designers and engineers to design and constructions the pavements, but most of the agencies in the developing countries are still using AASHTO design guide 1993 because of its simplicity. Using this design guide one has to be more careful while selecting the amount of different variables. It is because each of them has different sensitivity and has an impact on the overall pavement design performance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the sensitivity of design variables used in flexible pavement design in AASHTO design guide 1993. Relationships between the pavement structural number (SN) and standard axle load (W18) were studied by varying reliability (ZR * So), change in present serviceability index (ΔPSI) and resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade soil, in a defined range. Statistical tool was used for iteration process and hence determination of influences of these variables. The study reveals that reliability is the most sensitive variable in the design equation, where, axle load depends on the resilient modulus of subgrade. Moreover, a non-linear relationship has been observed between structural number (SN) and axle load.

[Afzal M, Hafeez I, Zaidi B, Riaz K, Khitab A, Hayat A, Khan I, Farooqi U, Asif A. Sensitivity Analysis of Design Variables of Flexible Pavement Design Equation in the AASHTO 1993 Design Guide. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):878-882]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 143

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.143

 

Keywords: Mechanistic-empirical, Flexible pavement, AASHTO 1993 design guide, Sensitivity analysis.

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144

Simulation of Butterfly Option Using Two Dimensional Black-Scholes Equation.

 

1M.Ashraf, 2N. A. Mir, 3S. Ahmad.

 

1Phd scholar department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

,2Prof.department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

,3Visiting Prof.department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

muhammad.ashraf91@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Abstract: An innovative space adaptive finite difference technique is proposed to simulate butterfly spread call option using two assets Black-Scholes equation. In this technique the grid is refined near exercise prices of the butterfly option and a coarse grid is generated otherwise. The non uniform finite difference discretization is used in this computation. The numerical experiments show that the adaptive finite difference method is much more efficient than the method with uniform spacing. The proposed grid adaptative technique reduces the points drastically for two dimensional Black-Scholes equation which in turn decreases the computational cost and makes the algorithm efficient.

[M.Ashraf, N. A. Mir, S. Ahmad. Simulation of Butterfly Option Using Two Dimensional Black-Scholes Equation. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):883-887]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 144

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.144

 

Keywords: Mesh adaptive, Finite difference, Strike price, Butterfly spread, Black-Scholes.

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145

A field study of environment degradation during road construction and its improvement due to sprinkling of water

 

Imran Hafeez1, Kashif Riaz1, Jawad Hussain1, Muhammad Faisal1, Usman Farooqi1, Sabahat Hussain1, Anwar Khitab2, Muhammad Naveed1, Aneeqa Hayat1

 

1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan.

kashif.riaz@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: Road traffic is one of the major sources of environmental pollution in Pakistan that has increased tremendously in the recent past and leads to different challenges to the scientists and researchers. A study was carried out during the construction of an urban highway to investigate its impact on the environmental pollution. Main aim was to assess the effect of highway construction project upon the quality of environment. Sprinkling of water was carried out in 2007 at project site in order to reduce the effect construction on environment. Two major environmental components, ambient air, and noise were studied before and after the sprinkling of water. The effect of asphalt plant activities on portable water quality was also studied. Samples of waste water were collected at asphalt plant sit after a sizeable production. Samples of air and noise were collected before and after the sprinkling of water and analysis of data were performed for the years from 2005 to 2007. Some of the data were obtained from mobile monitoring units and other was collected by spontaneous onsite sampling and surveys. Laboratory tests were also performed where needed to confirm the results. The study revealed that construction of highways adds to a great extent in the environmental pollution. Sprinkling of water at construction site improve the chosen parameters to a great extent. Around 50% of particulate matters in a size of 10 micrometer (PM10) concentration reduce with sprinkling water.

[Hafeez I, Riaz K, Hussain J, Faisal M, Farooqi U, Hussain S, Khitab A, Naveed M, Hayat A. A field study of environment degradation during road construction and its improvement due to sprinkling of water. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):888-893]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 145

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.145

 

Keywords: Environment, Highways, transport, vehicles, pollution.

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Influence of Time and Temperature on Asphalt Binders Rheological Properties

 

Imran Hafeez1, Jawad Hussain1, Kashif Riaz1, Anwar Khitab2, Sabahat Hussain1, Bilal Zaidi1, Usman Farooqi1, Aneeqa Hayat1, Imtiaz Ahmed2, Amara Asif1

 

1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan.

kashif.riaz@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: One of the major problems associated with the asphalt binders is its sensitivity towards the temperature. In Pakistan, asphalt binders have been selected for asphalt pavements on the basis of penetration grade, determined at 25oC. Temperature and loading time sensitivity of asphalt binders were never investigated before its applications. The effect of temperature and time of loading of three commonly used asphalt binders in Pakistan was investigated and compared to ascertain best performing binders under these conditions. Two neat asphalt binders of 60-70 and 40-50 penetration grade and modified 60-70 pen. grade bitumen with 1.6% elvaloy were studied at six temperatures of 18, 24,30,36,42 and 48oC and in a frequency range of 0.01Hz to 100Hz using a dynamic shear rheometer. Master curves are constructed and the shift factor curves are plotted to determine the temperature susceptibility of binders. Asphalt binder with 60-70 penetration grades showed higher temperature sensitivity in all frequency and temperature ranges. Polymer modification improves asphalt binder stiffness. At higher temperature the shear modulus reduces drastically.

[Hafeez I, Hussain J, Riaz K, Khitab A, Hussain S, Zaidi B, Farooqi U, Hayat A, Ahmed I, Asif A. Influence of Time and Temperature on Asphalt Binders Rheological Properties. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):894-898]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 146

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.146

 

Keywords: Asphalt, Rheology, Master Curve, shift factor, Rutting,

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Ways of investment climate improvement in the sphere of construction of affordable housing in the Republic of Kazakhstan

 

Kairat Aitmoldaevich Orazbekov1, Aigul Baginbayevna Sadvakassova2

 

1DBA student, International Academy of Business, Kazakhstan, Almaty

2Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, High School of Business "EurAsia", President, Kazakhstan, Almaty

kairat_phd@mail

 

Abstract: In the article questions of investment process stimulation in house construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan were considered. The condition of house construction investment systemsensuring level of Kazakhstan wasanalyzed. Recommendations about improvement of investment climate in the sphere of construction of affordable housing in the Republic of Kazakhstan were made.

[Orazbekov K.A., Sadvakassova A.B. Ways of investment climate improvement in the sphere of construction of affordable housing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):899-903]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 147

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.147

 

Keywords: investments, house construction, affordable housing.

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148

Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring Resonator

 

Iraj Sadegh Amiri 1*, Falah Jabar Rahim 2, Ari Sabir Arif 3, Sogand Ghorbani 3, Parisa Naraei 3

David Forsyth 2, Jalil Ali 1

 

1 Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Email Address: isafiz@yahoo.com

2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

3 Faculty of Computing, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

 

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a system for chaotic signal generation using a microring resonator (MRR) fiber optic system. This system uses a regular laserdiode as input power and can be incorporated with an optical add/drop filter system. When light from the laser diode feedbacks to the fiber ring resonator, the actual chaotic signal is produced by using the appropriate fiber ring resonator parameters and also the laser diode input power. The filtering process of the chaotic signals occurs during the round-trip of the pulse within the ring resonators. The single soliton pulses generation and bandwidth manipulation of the pulse can be performed using the add/drop system. Results obtained have established particular possibilities from the application. The obtained results show the effects of coupling coefficients on the bandwidth of the single soliton pulse, where the chaotic behaviors of the input pulses are presented.

[Iraj Sadegh Amiri, Falah Jabar Rahim, Ari Sabir Arif, Sogand Ghorbani, Parisa Naraei, David Forsyth, Jalil Ali. Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring Resonator. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):904-910]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 148

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.148

 

Keywords: Chaotic generation; Single bandwidth manipulation.

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149

Seismic Fragility And Relationships Of High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings

 

Qaiser uz Zaman Khan1, Nazakat Ali1, Muhammad Yaqub1, Fiaz Tahir1, Mohammad Saad1

 

1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan.

 

ABSTRACT: Fragility is conditional probability of attainment or exceedance of multiple damage states for given intensity of ground excitation. This study focuses on the development of fragility curves for high-rise building in Pakistan subjected to earthquake loadings. Sample buildings 15,20 and 25 storey were design according to ACI 318-02 (new version) and U.B.C 1997 building design code using SAP 2000, incremental dynamic analysis were perform for these sample buildings using eleven ground motions of Kashmir earth quake 2005 to have IDA curves plotted between PGA and Displacement. From these IDA curves PGAs corresponding to yielding and collapse limit states for each sample building were observed. Lognormal distribution function was then applied to find out probability of failure with respect to PGAs in term of fragility curves. To investigate the effect of no. of stories of the buildings on fragility curve parameters, regression analysis has been carried out between fragility curve parameters and no. of stories.

[Qaiser uz Zaman Khan, Nazakat Ali, Muhammad Yaqub, Fiaz Tahir, Mohammad Saad. Seismic Fragility And Relationships Of High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):911-920] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 149

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.149

 

Keywords: Yielding, Collapse, Performance levels, Fragility Curves, Building Frames.

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150

To Study the viscoelastic behavior of Asphalt Binders using under Multi Stress Creep Recovery Test

 

 

Imran Hafeez1, Irfan Mian1, Bilal Zaidi1, M.A Kamal1, Naveed Ahmed1, Salamat Ullah1, Jawad Hussain1, Kashif Riaz1, Sabahat Hussain1

 

1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

kashif.riaz@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: Assessing the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt cement especially polymer modified binders using complex shear modulus (G*) alone has not been recommended by many researchers in the past. Assessing the rutting resistance of polymer modified binders in an oscillation test at low strain level does not really activate polymers to relate their performance in the field. Multi Stress Creep Recovery test applies higher levels of stress and strain to capture not only the stiffening effects of the polymer, but also the delayed elastic effects. The objective of this study was to assess the performance (load and temperature) in linear viscoelastic range of modified and neat asphalt binders commonly used in Pakistan. Seven different asphalt binders were tested for temperatures ranging from 20 to 70 degree centigrade and stress levels ranging from 0.025 to 25.6 kPa. The study revealed that the asphalt binders behave in a linear visco-elastic range up to 3.2 kPa. Non-recoverable creep compliance is the governing factor in the selection of an asphalt binder having sufficient elastic response at a particular stress level and temperature.

[Hafeez I, Mian I, Zaidi B, Kamal M.A, Ahmed N, Ulla S, Hussain J, Riaz K, Hussain S. To Study the viscoelastic behavior of Asphalt Binders using under Multi Stress Creep Recovery Test. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):921-925] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 150

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.150

 

Keywords: Asphalt binders, viscoelastic, creep compliance, polymer modified asphalt.

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151

Effect of carbon fibre reinforced polymer jacketing on low, normal, medium and high strength concrete

Rana Faisal Tufail1, Dr Muhammad Yaqub2, Dr Qaiser uz Zaman Khan3 Muhammad Shahid Mehmood4 Muhammad Zahid5

 

1,5. Research Associate, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

2. Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

3. Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

4. Lecturer, Swedish College of Engineering and Technology, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

faisaltufail63@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) jacketing effect on wide range of cylindrical concrete compressive strengths. A total of sixty cylinders were cast and tested under axial compressive loading. The test variable was the compressive strength of concrete. The four grades of concrete compressive strength, low, normal, medium and high strength were used in this experimental study. The results of the carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined specimens of low, normal, medium and high grade strength concrete were compared with the un-confined specimens of low, normal, medium and high grade strength concrete specimens. The comparison was carried out in terms of un-confined to confined compressive strength and the gain in axial load carrying capacity for the low, normal, medium and high grade strength concrete cylinders. The results showed that the carbon fibre reinforced polymer jacketing is more effective for increasing the confined compressive strength and the axial load carrying capacity for low grade strength concrete compared to the high grade strength concrete. It was found that the CFRP confinement effectiveness was reduced with increasing the unconfined compressive strength of concrete.

[Tufail R F, Yaqub M, Zaman Q U, Mehmood M S, Zahid M. Experimental study of FRP confined low, normal, medium and high strength concrete. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):926-933] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 151

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.151

 

Key words: Compressive Strength, low strength, normal strength, medium strength, high strength.

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152

Concrete reinforced with 0.1 vol% of different synthetic fibers

 

Anwar Khitab1, Muhammad Tausif Arshad2, Nazakat Hussain3, Kashan Tariq4, Syed Amir Ali5, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi6, Muhammad Junaid Munir7

 

1,2,3,4,6,7Department of Civil Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

5Council for Works & Housing Research, Karachi, Pakistan

anwarkhitab@yahoo.com, chairman.ce@must.edu.pk

 

Abstract: This paper documents the effect of fibers type on different physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Four types of fibers, such as steel, polypropylene, glass, and carbon were investigated. The concrete specimens with and without fibers were cast and tested to watch the improvement of certain mechanical and physical properties like compressive, tensile strengths, workability and density. Fibers were added at the rate of 0.1 vol percent of concrete, while all the other ingredients were kept same at identical laboratory conditions. It was observed that type of fiber has huge impact on the workability of the concrete. Only steel fibers enhance the density of concrete, It was also found that the given fiber dosage enhances the early compressive strength of concrete but reduces the 28 days compressive strength. Steel fibers increase the tensile strength more than any other fiber used during this study. It was noticed that addition of fibers in concrete largely improves the failure pattern of the concrete subjected to compressive loads.

[Anwar Khitab, Muhammad Tausif Arshad, Nazakat Hussain, Kashan Tariq, Syed Amir Ali, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir. Concrete reinforced with 0.1 vol% of different synthetic fibers. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):934-939] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 152

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.152

 

Keywords: Concrete, fibers, type, effect, physical properties, mechanical properties, failure pattern.

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153

Evaluation of Credit Risk based on Financial Efficiency of Companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

 

Mohammadreza Nourbakhshian

 

Master of Business Administration, Multimedia University, Malaysia

m.nourbakhshian@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This paper seeks to describe the relation between variables (dependent and independent) through using statistical (descriptive) tests. The present paper is an applied research in terms of objective and a correlative – descriptive research in terms of nature of subject; also it is an ex post facto research. To gather data, both library and filed study methods have been used. Statistical data pertaining to the companies have been collected by information published by Tehran Stock Exchange via existing programs. To analyze information, descriptive and inferential data has been applied. In the descriptive data, descriptive information of the sample and diagrams of the variables have been used; and in the inferential data, data envelop analysis (DEA) method has been applied to assess function and efficiency of the companies. Ordinary least squares method has been finally used to determine the relation of variables. The statistical universe comprises investment companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during a five-year period from 2006 to 2010. To select the sample, such criteria as continuity of investment during the research period, standard information filtering, and entrance into the Stock Exchange before 2005 have been considered. The results of this paper reveal that the relations of variables namely total tax revenue divided by total assets (Rev/A), total tax revenue divided by equity (Rev/E), and total debt divided by total assets (DEBT/A) with efficiency are significant and the rest of variables do not have a significant relationship.

[Mohammadreza Nourbakhshian. Evaluation of Credit Risk based on Financial Efficiency of Companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):940-948] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 153

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.153

 

Key words : Efficiency, financial indices, econometrics, DEA

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154

Investigation of Seismic Performance of Vertically Irregular Reinforced Concrete Buildings

 

Qaiser uz Zaman Khan1, Asif Tahir 2, Syed Saqib Mehboob3

 

1. Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

2. Postgraduate Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

3. Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

syedsaqibmehboob@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Generally buildings hold irregularities in plan or sometimes in elevation as well. This develops a damaging influence on seismic performance of building. The paper discusses the comparative study of performance evaluation of RC (Reinforced Concrete) Buildings with vertical irregularities (i.e., setbacks). A five story vertically regular building is designed by equivalent static load method of seismic analysis by using UBC (Uniform Building Codes) 1997. Nine vertically irregular models are derived from the regular building by omitting different stories at different heights creating setbacks. For numerical solution ETABs 9.7 nonlinear version software is used. Time History and Response Spectrum Analysis are performed for ground acceleration data of ElCentro (1940) earthquake. The study as a whole is a slight attempt to evaluate the effect of vertical irregularities on RC buildings, in terms of dynamic characteristics such as Story Displacement, Overturning Moment, Base Shear, Story Drift and Participating Mass Ratio.

[Khan Q Z, Tahir A, Mehboob S S. Investigation of Seismic Performance of Vertically Irregular Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):949-955] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 154

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.154

 

Key words: Vertical irregularities, Seismic performance, Dynamic characteristics, Overturning moment.

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155

 Role of Supplementary Cementitious Materials in enhancing Concrete Properties

 

Mehwish Asad 1, Ayub Elahi 1, Huma Pervaiz 2, Usman Ali Naeem1, Sidra Iftekhar 1, Muhammad Bilal Asif 1, Amber Taseer 3, Ayyaz Tajammal Mirza4,, Naeem Ejaz 1

 

1University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan

2 National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan

3Engineer Directorate, GHQ, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

4United Nations Development Programme, Tajikistan

mehwish.asad@uettaxila.edu.pk

 

Abstract: Importance of pulverised fuel ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag cannot be denied. In this research work, experimentation was carried out to assess various fresh and harden properties of concretes by adding supplementary cementitious materials in both binary and ternary systems. Various concrete samples with mix ratio1:2:4 were prepared to have constant water-binder ratio of 0.50. The test variables included the type and the amount of the supplementary cementitious materials such as class ‘F’ pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Portland cement was replaced with PFA and GGBS up to a level of 60%. Hence, total eight mixes were prepared. The fresh characteristics were investigated in terms of slump, whereas, the harden properties were assessed from the compressive strength. Among all mixes PF46 mix (40% Portland cement + 60% fly ash) named PF (46) showed highest slump showing effect of PFA on workability of concrete. The addition of high volumes of supplementary cementitious materials decreased the compressive strength at early age but this difference was reduced considerably for long term (91 days) results.

[Asad M, Elahi A, Pervaiz H, Naeem UA, Iftekhar S, Bilal MA, Taseer A, Mirza AT, Ejaz N. Role of Supplementary Cementitious Materials in enhancing Concrete Properties. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):956-960] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 155

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.155

 

Keywords: Plverised fuel ash; groung granulated blast furnace slag; workability; compressive strength.

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156

 Investigation of Shear Behaviour of Corbel Beams Strengthened with CFRP

 

Saeed Ahmad, Ayub Elahi, Samiullah Kundi, Waseemul Haq

 

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila 47050, Pakistan

ayubelahi2000@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this research work, the investigation of shear behavior of corbel beams strengthened with Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is carried out. The research objective was to study the effectiveness of wrapping of D-Regions of Corbel beams with CFRP, in increasing the shear strength of Corbel beams. To achieve these objectives, twelve corbel beams were tested which were divided into 4 groups. The beam samples were first designed by Strut and Tie Method. The theoretical values of strut and tie forces obtained during the design of corbel beams were compared with the strut and tie forces obtained on the basis of load at 1st shear crack and failure loads. It was concluded that loading capacity as well as energy absorption of corbel beams can be increased by using CFRP wrapping techniques.

[Ahmad S, Elahi A, Kundi, S, Haq, WU. Investigation of Shear Behavior of Corbel Beams Strengthened with CFRP. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):961-965] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 156

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.156

 

Keywords: High Strength Concrete, Corbel, Disturbed Region, Strut & Tie Model, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP).

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157

Sedimentlogical Characteristics, Depositional Environment, and Mode of Transportation of Fayoum Depression Lakes Bottom Sediments

 

Hassan I. Farhat

 

Geology Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.

hf_geo@hotmail.com

 

Abstract The present work was carried out to describe and interpret the distribution pattern of Fayoum depression lakes (Lake Qarun and Wadi El-Rayan lakes) bottom sediments. Grain-size distributions and the derived sedimentological parameters have been studied in order to relate them to the mechanics of transportation, deposition and also as environmental indicators. Fayoum depression lakes bottom sediments consist mainly of sand fraction with variable ratios of gravel and mud fractions. Medium, fine, and very fine sand fractions have wide distribution. Gravel fraction in Lake Qarun is represented by carbonate skeletons, whereas it represented by rock fragments, and Nummulites fauna shells in Wadi El-Rayan Lakes. Mud fractions (silt and clay) have wide distribution west and eastward of lake Qarun, whereas in El-Rayan Lakes were absent at south of two lakes and eastward of first lake with wide distribution at front of El-Wadi drain and middle zone of first lake. Sediments of Lake Qarun show low prominent truncation between traction and saltation, low suspension load, and high truncation between saltation and suspension. Wadi El-Rayan Lakes bottom sediments show a prominent truncation with no traction and saltation except westward of first Lake, and west and eastward of second Lake due to access of gravel fraction, with high truncation between saltation and suspension, and medium suspension load. The C–M patterns of Lake Qarun sediments indicate that mode of transportation was by rolling, while Wadi El-Rayan lakes sediments modes of transportation were by rolling, uniform suspension, and graded suspension. C–M patterns and the multigroup multivariant discriminant functions V1–V2 plot indicate that the mechanics of transportation and depositional environment of El-Fayoum depression lakes are generally considered as complex turbidite environments.

[Hassan I. Farhat. Sedimentlogical Characteristics, Depositional Environment, and Mode of Transportation of Fayoum Depression Lakes Bottom Sediments. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):966-979] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 157

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.157

 

Key words: Fayoum depression; Lake Qarun; Wadi El-Rayan lakes; bottom sediments; sedimentological parameters; mechanics of transportation; depositional environment

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Isolation, identification and comparative analysis of 16S rRNA of Bacillus subtilis grown around Rhazya stricta roots

 

Jamal S.M. Sabir,1 Salah E.M. Abo-Aba,1,2,*, Ayman Sabry,3,4 Refaei M. Hussein,1,5 Ahmed Bahieldin1,6, and Nabeeh A. Baeshen1

 

1Biological Science Dept., Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz Univ., KSA

 2 Microbial Genetics Dept., Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Div., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

3Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Unit, Scientific Research Deanship, Taif Univ., Taif, Zip Code 21974, P.B 888, KSA

4Cell Biology Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza Egypt

5Genetics and Cytology Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Div., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

6Genetics Dept., Fac. Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt

*Corresponding Author: Salah_aboaba@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A total of 26 Bacillus strains grown around Rhazya stricta roots were isolated from Saudi Arabia soil, and identified according to their morphological, physiological, biochemical characters as well as phylogenetic analysis using 16S gene sequences. The phylogenetic tree of the twenty six strains based on 16S rDNA sequences was generated in comparison with 48 Genbank 16S Bacillus subtilis partial sequences. In silico analysis the generated showed that the 16S sequence size for the 26 isolates ranged between 995 to 1233 nt, while their counterparts in the Genbank ranged between 1153-1559 nt. The percentage for GC content for all 68 16S rRNA gene sequences ranged between 55-56%. A total of five genomic conserved sequences were detected with the smallest being 106 nt and the largest is 437 nt. The range size (±standard deviation) of these five sequences is 251.8±142 nt.

[Jamal S.M. Sabir, Salah E.M. Abo-Aba, Ayman Sabry, Refaei M. Hussein, Ahmed Bahieldin, and Nabeeh A. Baeshen. Isolation, identification and comparative analysis of 16S rRNA of Bacillus subtilis grown around Rhazya stricta roots. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):980-986] (ISSN: 1097-8135).http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 158

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.158

 

Keywords: Genbank, Phylogeneitc tree, rDNA, Bacillus

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Estimation Role of Interleukin 6 as a Predictor of Hepatic encephalopathy in Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patients

 

Mohsen Maher 1, Tarek Yossef1, Hesham Darwesh2, Ahmed El Saady1 Amal I.Sabry2, Waled A hamed1 and Antonio Safwat2

 

1Internal Medicine and Hepatology department,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams university. Egypt

2Critical Care department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute. Egypt

drwesh123@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Recent studies indicate that mediators of inflammation (TNF-α), (IL- I β), (IL-6) may exacerbate the effects of ammonia on the brain leading to more exacerbation of encephalopathy. Aim of the Work: This study was performed to estimate the role of IL-6 in diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. Patients and Methodology: Case – control study comparing IL-6 serum level between group 1(patients with only liver cirrhosis) represents controls and group 2 (patients with liver cirrhosis suffering from hepatic encephalopathy) represents cases. Results: Median IL-6 serum Level was found to have highly significant difference between cases and controls with a median of 123.5(59.375-226.6) (pg/ml) for cases and of 14.7(5.275-44.7) (pg/ml) for controls. Also there was highly significant difference between different stages of liver cirrhosis according to Child Pugh classification regarding IL-6 serum level. with median of 6.35(4.025-9.75) (pg/ml) for child A, 35.6(28.8-58.8) (pg/ml) for child B, and161.2(45.3-180.3) (pg/ml) for child C. Conclusion: From this study we concluded that IL-6 is increased significantly in patients with liver cirrhosis suffering from hepatic encephalopathy more than those with only cirrhosis.

[Mohsen Maher, Tarek Yossef, Hesham Darwesh, Ahmed El Saady, Amal I.Sabry, Waled A hamed and Antonio Safwat. Estimation Role of Interleukin 6 as a Predictor of Hepatic encephalopathy in Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patients. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):987-991]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 159

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.159

 

Key Words: IL-6, liver cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, ammonia, microglia.

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Preoperative Evaluation of Ovarian Masses: The Ovarian ‘Crescent’ Sign

 

Abou-Gamrah A (MD)1,Awwad H (MD)1, Khodair MA (MD)2, El-Eishy D3

 

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 3 Research Fellow, Police Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; migoa1@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess the validity of absent ovarian crescent sign in prediction of malignancy in women with an ovarian mass. Methods: A total of 100 consecutive women planned for surgical intervention for an ovarian mass, were included in the study. The “ovarian ‘crescent’ sign” was considered to be present when normal ovarian tissue was observed adjacent to the tumor. Risk of malignancy index (RMI) was calculated for each examined patient. Surgically removed specimens from all included women were histopathologically examined. Results: The mean age of included women was 35.1 ± 10.1 years (range 18 – 64 years). Of the included 100 women, 77 (77%) had benign ovarian tumors, while 23 (23%) had invasive ovarian malignancy. An absent ovarian crescent sign was significantly associated with almost 36-fold higher risk of ovarian malignancy [RR 35.71, 95% CI (8.93 to 142.86)], at a sensitivity of 91.3%, specificity of 97.4%; figures that were higher than the other two predictors (serum CA125 and the risk of malignancy index). Conclusion: In conclusion, absent ovarian crescent sign seems to be a promising sensitive preoperative marker for malignancy in women with ovarian malignancy with adequate specificity.

[Abou-Gamrah A, Awwad H, Khodair MA, El-Eishy D. Preoperative Evaluation of Ovarian Masses: The Ovarian ‘Crescent’ Sign. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):992-996] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 160

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.160

 

Keywords: ovarian tumor – ovarian malignancy – ovarian crescent sign – CA125 – risk of malignancy index.

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The Impact of an Educational Intervention on Women's Knowledge and Perception Regarding Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in Tanta City: Applying Health Belief Model

 

Latifa M. Fouda and Entisar Abo Elghite Elhossiny Elkazeh

 

1Community Health Nursing Dept., Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University

dr.entisaraboelghit@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background Cervical cancer is a significant health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to studying the women's knowledge and perception regarding cervical cancer and human papillomavirus vaccines in Tanta City, it aimed also at increasing their awareness about cervical cancer screening through intervention with a health education program. Methods: This study was a self –control intervention study. The total sample included (125) women. Their ages ranged from16 to 54 years. The studied population was chosen for being women as well as for being a part of the corner stone of the community which is in need for such education and knowledge. The study was conducting from the first of October (2011) to end of January (2012) among women in the four MCH centers of Tanta city. In the baseline interview all the women received an interview questionnaire for the pre-test and post test. It included personal data about women, cervical caner, screening and vaccine assessment tool, and perception of women toward cervical caner by applying Health belief Model (HBM), Intervention implemented through a health education program, for four weeks duration followed by a post-test. Results: It shows that more half of the women were aged 26-35years and lived in urban areas. There was a significant improvement post intervention in all items of knowledge regarding cervical cancer. There was also a significant improvement post intervention in all items regarding (seriousness, susceptibility of disease, benefits of early detection, vaccination, total perception towards cervical cancer respectively), except the barriers which faced them. Conclusion and recommendations: the present study has raised lightened awareness on HPV infection and cancer cervix. Health education was effective in improving the knowledge and perception of women regarding cervical cancer screening and vaccination. It founded the way be extend this program among all attendants of public gynecology clinics. An integrated educational and vaccination program should be implemented to prevent the risk of cancer cervix among high risk populations. HPV vaccination should be recommended before marriage for male and female. Flyers and pamphlet on PHV vaccination should be available in family planning clinic.

[Latifa M. Fouda and Entisar Abo Elghite Elhossiny Elkazeh. The Impact of an Educational Intervention on Women's Knowledge and Perception Regarding Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in Tanta City: Applying Health Belief Model. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):997-1005] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 161

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.161

 

Keywords: cervical cancer, knowledge, perception, human papillomavirus vaccines, health belief model.

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Role of GM-CSF in Normalizing the Effect of Uremic Toxins on Neutrophil Apoptosis and Function

 

Nariman Zahran1, Ola Mahmoud1, Manal Zahran1, Azza Sayed1, Manar Rafaat2

 

Departments of 1Hematology, 2Nephrology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.

zahranmanal@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The retention of many uremic compounds, interact negatively with biologic functions. It is the interest of this study to evaluate the influences of uremic plasma from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on conservative treatment, with and without urinary tract infection (UTI), the effect of hemodialysis (HD) and recombinant human (rh)-GM-CSF addition on neutrophil apoptosis and activation. Annexin V and CD18 were studied using flowcytometry in normal neutrophils as an indicator of neutrophil apoptosis and activation respectively; after incubation with plasma from: CKD patients with (12 cases); and without ( 15 cases) UTI, HD patients (15 cases) and 15 healthy control subjects in absence and presence of rh-GM-CSF for 20h. The results revealed significant acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis incubated with uremic plasma from CKD patients with and without UTI compared to those incubated with normal and HD patients' plasma. Neutrophils cultured in presence of CKD patients' plasma with UTI showed significantly increased CD18 expression compared to CKD patients. Also delayed neutrophil apoptosis and; in parallel to increased neutrophil CD18 expression was observed in cells cultured with rh-GM-CSF compared to corresponding cultured cells without rh-GM-CSF in all studied groups. These results indicate that uremic toxins in CKD patients' plasma influence neutrophil survival and function by modulating neutrophil apoptotic cell death and activation. Neutrophils undergoing apoptosis are dysfunctional, this may contribute to high prevalence of infections among those patients. rh-GM-CSF down regulated apoptosis and up regulated activation of control neutrophils cultured in presence of uremic plasma.

 [Nariman Zahran, Ola Mahmoud, Manal Zahran, Azza Sayed, Manar Rafaat. Role of GM-CSF in Normalizing the Effect of Uremic Toxins on Neutrophil Apoptosis and Function. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1006-1012] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 162

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.162

 

Key Words: Neutrophil apoptosis & activation, Annexin-V, CD18,GM-CSF, CKD, HD.

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Composite Resin versus Two Different Splinting Techniques on Evaluation of Impression Accuracy for Dental Implants

 

Tamer Omar Ibrahim1 and Wael Aly Ghuneim­2

 

1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt.

drtamomar@yahoo.comwael_ali_gh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Major objective of fabricating implant-supported restorations was the production of superstructures that exhibit passive fit when connected to multiple abutments. An accurate impression was one of the crucial steps to produce a well-fitting prosthesis. This study aimed to compare three different splinting techniques to evaluate the accuracy of impression through studying the changes in the poured master casts containing implants with different angulations. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on a model constructed from aluminum which was used as a control. A total of forty polyether (Impregum, medium body, ESPE, Germany) impressions were made to the model aided by three different splinting methods. The impressions were equally divided into four groups: Group A included transfer caps left without splinting, group B included transfer caps splinted with light cure flowable composite resin, group C included transfer caps splinted with castable self-cured acrylic resin, and group D included transfer caps splinted with addition silicone. The impression procedure was done for the four groups and fabrication of casts was performed. The angle was measured for each implant/analogue and each measurement was repeated three times to obtain an average of the single measurement. Results: The difference of implant angulations at 65º degree and 75º degrees with different splints were statistically significant while difference in implant angulations at 80º and 90º degrees with different splints were statistically non-significant. Splinting with composite resin and castable self-cured acrylic resin showed better impression accuracy than other groups at all angulations degrees and gave closer mean values to the control model, although the difference was not statistically significant between groups at 80º and 90º degrees inclination. Conclusions: Significant differences were found among groups as to implant/analog inclination and the interaction between them. Splinting with composite resin followed by acrylic resin did not present significant difference from the control model regardless of the implant inclination giving the smallest error and hence, could be considered more accurate than the other two groups. Impression accuracy for implant increased with decreasing inclination regardless of the efficiency of the splinting materials used. Therefore, patient selection and proper treatment planning with better clinical solution for implant placement inclination should be considered.

[Tamer Omar Ibrahim and Wael Aly Ghuneim. Composite Resin versus Two Different Splinting Techniques on Evaluation of Impression Accuracy for Dental Implants. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1013-1018] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 163

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.163

 

Keywords: Composite; Resin; versus; Dental Implant

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In Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Magnet Resilient-Cushioning on Retention of Implant-Magnet-Retained Mandibular Overdenture

 

Wael Aly Ghuneim­ and Tamer Omar Ibrahim

 

1 Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt.

2Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

wael.ghuneim@nub.edu.eg, wael_ali_gh@yahoo.com, drtamomar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Optimizing the retention of overdenture without undue mechanical stresses or biological burden on the supporting and relevant structures is a noteworthy objective. Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating a resilient matrix, between a two-implant retained overdenture and its retaining magnets, on retention. Materials and methods: Mandibular complete dentures of 12 subjects were converted into two-implant supported overdentures. Retention of these overdentures was measured intra-orally without magnets. Next the magnets were cushioned with resilient liner and affixed into the denture, and retention was measured again. Afterwards the resilient liner was removed and the magnets repositioned and affixed with auto-polymerizing resin in the conventional way, and retention was measured for the third time. Results: Results: The average and standard deviation of denture retention was 68.83 ± 8.65 g for the plain denture, 443.83 ± 29.75 g for the denture with cushioned magnets and 308.33 ±15.14 g for the denture with conventional magnets. The retention of the dentures with resilient-cushion magnets was significantly higher than those with regular magnets; p< 0.05. Conclusions: Incorporating a resilient matrix between the magnets and the overdenture increased denture retention more than the non-cushioned magnets.

[Wael Aly Ghuneim and Tamer Omar Ibrahim. In Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Magnet Resilient-Cushioning on Retention of Implant-Magnet-Retained Mandibular Overdenture. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):1019-1025] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 164

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.164

 

Key words: Magnetic attachment; improving retention; resilient encapsulation; second magnet; keeper; samarium-cobalt; neodymium-iron-boron; ferromagnetic.

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Evaluation of the Outcome of Transobturator Vaginal Tape in Management of Stress Incontinence in Women

 

H.S. Mohamed

 

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Woman's Health University Centre, Assiut University, 5th Floor Woman's Health Center, 71526, Assiut, Egypt

hazemsaad2012@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: A new concept is put forward to evaluate the outcome of the tension-free transobturator vaginal tape (TVTO) procedure (Gynecare®) in the management of female stress urinary and mixed incontinence in Women Health Hospital-Assiut. Study design: prospective observational, hospital based study. Fifty-one ladies suffering from stress urinary and mixed incontinence were surgically managed by (TVTO) manufactured by (Gynecare®) a polypropylene mesh tape with a pore size of 75-150 um, during the period from June,2007 to December, 2009. All participants underwent the following: (1) Through history and clinical examination. (2) Urodynamic tests include filling cystometry voiding cystometry and abdominal leak point pressure (Cm H2O). The inclusion criteria were genuine stress and mixed urinary incontinence with predominant stress element and Stable normal and compliant bladder. The exclusion criteria were central and or peripheral neurological disorder, unstable bladder and active urinary tract infections. The TVTO procedure was done according to DeLeval (2003)(1) and cases with genital prolapse beyond first degree underwent surgical correction before TVTO procedure. Results: Eighteen (35.3%) patient underwent concomitant operative repair of genital prolapse in addition to the TVTO. There were significant postoperative improvement in quality of life as regards the effect and sexual life. Also, no significant difference was found between objective and subjective cure rate along different postoperative months of follow up. Conclusion: our data further support the notion that TVT-obturator procedure, a novel mid-urethral sling operation, for the management of SUI in females seems to be effective and safe.

[H.S. Mohamed. Evaluation of the Outcome of Transobturator Vaginal Tape in Management of Stress Incontinence in Women. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1026-1033] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 162

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.165

 

Keywords: Transobturater tape – stress Urinary incontinence.

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Concept Mapping in Clinical Nursing: A Meaningful Learning

 

Hanem F. Moahmed1, 2

 

1College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdu Al Aziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, KSA

2Faculty of Nursing, Medical Surgical Nursing department, Tanta University, Egypt

hanemfm@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: Nursing education encounter many challenges and continuously attempt to improve teaching and learning strategies in theory and practice. With the advanced clinical practice and complexity of students’ assessment, nursing students who are the future nurses needs to improve their critical thinking and problem solving skills. The role of nurse educators is to develop critical thinking abilities of students through engaging students in active learning and move from the traditional linear way of thinking. Concept mapping (CM) is one strategy that makes learning meaningful. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of concept mapping as a learning strategy on developing care plan for adult 2 clinical course. Students’ attitude and satisfaction toward using CM in clinical nursing education were also assessed. Method: Eighteen students enrolled in adult 2 course at College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA were included in the study. A quasi experimental design, pre and post test with a control group was utilized. The questionnaire developed to measure students’ knowledge and attitude toward using CM. A modified version of the satisfaction questionnaire was used to measure the students’ satisfaction with CM. Evaluation of submitted CMs was done to assess effectiveness of using CM in developing care plan for adult 2 clinical course. Results: Results indicated that students’ knowledge about CM was improved in the post test. Students reported a positive attitude toward using CM in nursing courses. The mean score for the set of CMs developed by the students at the end of the course was higher. CMs developed at the end of the course were more comprehensive and creative. In addition, students showed high satisfaction with using CM strategy in nursing education. Conclusion and Recommendation: Nursing education requires understanding and should not based on memorization. Concept mapping can enhance students’ creative, logical, and critical thinking which improve independent learning. Adopting CM in all nursing courses and non nursing courses were recommended.

Hanem F. Moahmed. Concept Mapping in Clinical Nursing: A Meaningful Learning. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1034-1040] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 166

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.166

 

Key Words: Concept Mapping, teaching strategy, clinical teaching, Nursing

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Relationship among nurses’ safety compliance, organizational safety climate, worker’s variables and job satisfaction at Zagazig University hospitals

 

Magda Atiya Gaber

 

Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing. Zagazig University, Egypt

dr.magda_gaber@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Safety is the condition of a “steady state” of an organization or place doing what it is supposed to do. “What it is supposed to do” is defined in terms of public codes and standards, corporate vision and mission statements, and operational plans and personnel policies. For any organization, place, or function, large or small, safety is a normative concept. It complies with situation-specific definitions of what is expected and acceptable. Aim: to explore relationship among nurses’ safety compliance, organizational safety climate, personality variables and job satisfaction at Zagazig University hospitals. Method: Exploratory descriptive design. The study subjects consisted of diploma nurses (326) and baccalaureate nurses (40). The study was conducted at Zagazig University hospitals. Six tools were used for collecting data (compliance scale for coworkers, compliance scale for self, overall job satisfaction, hospital safety climate, positive and negative affectivity scale and conscientiousness scale). Results: the majority (35.9%) of the study sample saw that their co-workers are not complied with safety measures while (29.6%) saw that their co-workers are complied with safety measures, the majority (34.5%) of the study sample saw that they are not complied with safety measures while (27.4%) saw that they are complied with safety measures. Conclusion: there are a statistically significant difference between Self-reported safety compliance and co-workers’ ratings of safety compliance at level (0.000), While there are not statistically significant differences among Self-reported safety compliance or co-workers’ ratings of safety compliance and: job satisfaction, organizational safety climate; mood at work and conscientiousness.

[Magda Atiya Gaber. Relationship among nurses’ Safety compliance, Organizational safety climate, worker’s variables and job satisfaction at Zagazig University hospitals. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1041-1055] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 167

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.167

 

Key words: Safety compliance, safety climate, mood, conscious, job satisfaction and Zagazig University hospitals.

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Development of SCAR markers for molecular tagging of drought tolerance QTL in barley

 

Muhanad Walid Akash

 

The University of Jordan, Faculty of Agriculture. Amman 11942, Jordan

makash@ju.edu.jo

 

Abstract: Two sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed from two randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in barley. E9 [CTTCACCCGA] and A19 [CAAACGTCGG] are linked to drought tolerant traits (relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential (OP), number of leaves on the main stem (NL)). The two RAPD fragments were isolated, cloned, sequenced, and converted into SCAR markers (SCE9_600 and SCA19_800). Testing designed SCAR primers were performed using RIL population derived from a cross between ‘Tadmor’ (drought tolerant) and ‘Er/Apm’ (drought susceptible) parents. Both SCAR markers followed the Mendelian inheritance of segregation. However, only SCA19_800 marker was mapped to linkage group number 1. The amplified fragment from E9 RAPD primer showed 95% homology with CBF12 (CBF12) gene in Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare retrotransposon associated with levels of freezing tolerance in temperate-climate cereals. This is the first attempt of SCAR markers development from RAPD markers linked to the drought tolerant traits (RWC, OP, NL). The development of reproducible markers such as SCAR is essential to facilitate their use in barley breeding programs.

[Muhanad Walid Akash. Development of SCAR markers for molecular tagging of drought tolerance QTL in barley. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1056-1060] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 168

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.168

 

Keywords: SCAR, Barley, Drought, QTL analysis

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Perceptions of the Public Image of Nursing among Baccalaureate Nursing Students

 

Reem Mabrouk Abd El Rahman1; Abeer Abd El Fattah Abou Shousha2

 

1Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing - University of Damanhour

2Department of Nursing Education Department, Faculty of Nursing - University of Damanhour

r_mabrouk@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Perceptions of public image are important because they offer strategic clues to overcome the increasing nursing shortage, and public negative stereotyping. The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions of the public image among nursing students at faculty of nursing, Damanhour University. The study was conducted at Damanhour Faculty of Nursing (Egypt). A convenience sample of all baccalaureate nursing students who were enrolled, at the academic year 2012-2013, at the four years and the internship year were included (N = 904) participated in this quantitative descriptive study. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaire containing three major parts: first part is the demographic characteristics; the second part included six statements to explore the subject's information about nursing; and finally, the third part is the Perception of Professional Nursing Tool (PPNT), to measure their perceptions utilizing the tenets of nursing practice, values, and public image of nursing. Results: The study showed that the nursing students enrolled at the four years and the internship year; generally have significance positive perceptions about the image of the nursing profession. The highest percentage of study subjects joined the faculty of nursing because of career opportunity; financial reasons; and secondary school grade. Majority of the students divert attention when talking with others about nursing profession. The relatives and friends opinion have the greatest effect in influencing the students to enter the nursing profession. A positive correlation between participants’ perception of the public image of nursing was found. In conclusion, these participants viewed the public image of nursing as positive. These findings have implications for practice, as it has a critical impact on whether nursing is chosen as a career as well as the effective functioning of nurses that should be embraced and fully utilized. It is recommended that in order to attract more individuals to the profession, a positive image of nursing needs to be engendered by nurse education and the general community.

[Reem Mabrouk Abd El Rahman and Abeer Abd El Fattah Abou Shousha. Perceptions of the Public Image of Nursing among Baccalaureate Nursing Students. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1061-1071] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 169

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.169

 

Keywords: Perception, nursing students, nursing image.

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Effect of Closed Versus Open Suction System on the Occurrence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Neonates

 

Gehan M. Khamis1, Omnia G. Waziry1, Hesham A. Ghazal2 and Nabaweya A. Ibrahim.1

 

1Pediatric Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, University of Alexandria, Egypt.

2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt.

dr_omnia_waziry@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Clearance of secretions is mandatory in mechanically ventilated neonates, because accumulation of secretions may lead to airway occlusion and serious physiological abnormalities. Although treacheal suctioning is a necessary intervention in the care of intubated neonates, it is not a benign one. It is associated with various complications such as hypoxemia, atelectasis and ventilator associated pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the effect of closed versus open suction system on the occurrence of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates. The study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of El- Shatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria. A convenient sample of 50 mechanically ventilated neonates were selected. They were chosen within the first 24 hours from initiation of ventilatory support. The neonates were randomly assigned into two groups. Twenty five neonates were suctioned by closed suction system, and the other 25 neonates were suctioned by open suction system. Neonates of both groups were chosen alternatively. The results revealed that neonates of the open suction group experienced ventilator associated pneumonia more than those of the closed suction group. Moreover, the growth of the isolated organisms from Non Bronchoscopic Bronchoalveor Lavage cultures among neonates of the closed suction group was less than among those of the open suction group.

[Gehan M. Khamis, Omnia G. Waziry, Hesham A. Ghazal and Nabaweya A. Ibrahim. Effect of Closed Versus Open Suction System on the Occurrence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Neonates. Life Sci J 2013; 10(12s):1072-1086] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 170

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.170

 

Keywords: closed suction system, open suction system, ventilator associated pneumonia, ventilated neonates.

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Effect of E-Learning on Knowledge Retention and Student's Achievement in Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing Curriculum

 

Amel A. Hassan

 

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Benha University, Egypt amel.omran@fnur.bu.edu.eg salama11566@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: E-learning is the use of internet technology to enable students to learn anytime and anywhere. It can include training, the delivery of just-in-time information and guidance from experts. Hence, it has an increasingly popular learning approach in higher educational institutions-learning must be a part of strategy in many institutions trying to make success in basic education, higher education, continuing education, and training. Design: An intervention (Quasi experimental) study design was used. Aim: To study effect of E-learning on knowledge retention and student's achievement in obstetrical and gynecological nursing curriculum. Setting: The study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing Benha University. (Obstetrical and Gynecological Department). Subjects and methods: A purposive sample with an intervention group of 80 third year students enrolled for the course of obstetrical and gynecological nursing using e-learning and 78 students taught by the traditional method as control. Tools: 1) Self-administered questionnaire to assess: - Student’s overall satisfaction with the traditional method of teaching the curriculum for the control group. Student’s satisfaction as well as the opinions regarding advantages and barriers of E-learning for the intervention group. 2) Knowledge assessment sheet to assess student's knowledge acquisition and retention as well as: A pre and posttest exam of each unit for the students & Final academic score result to assess student's final grads in obstetrical and gynecological nursing curriculum. Results: All students in both groups had low scores in the pretest. At the posttest and final exams the scores were statistically significantly higher among students in the intervention group in compared with those in the control group (p<0.001). At the final exam, 75% of the students in the intervention group had “very good” grades, and 25% had “excellent” grades, while 35.9% of the students in the control group had “very good” grades and 64.1% had “good ”grades (p<0.001). Students’ satisfaction with their learning experience was higher in the intervention group (p<0.001), and correlated positively with their test scores. Conclusion and recommendations: E-learning leads to better acquisition and retention of knowledge; these are affecting positively on student's achievement and influenced by high level of satisfaction. It is recommended to use this approach in various nursing curriculums and in other nursing specialties, with provision of needed resources to improve the student's achievement.

[Amel A. Hassan. Effect of E-Learning on Knowledge Retention and Student's Achievement in Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing Curriculum. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):1087-1094] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 171

doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.171

 

Key words: E-learning, Nursing education, Student's achievement.

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The manuscripts in this issue are presented as online first for peer-review, starting from November 4, 2013. 

All comments are welcome: editor@sciencepub.net

For previous issues of the Life Science Journal, click here. http://www.lifesciencesite.com

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doi:10.7537/marslsj1012s13.01

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